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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Jeugd_en_troonsbestijging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jeugd_en_troonsbestijging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Jeugd en troonsbestijging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jeugd_en_troonsbestijging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Griekse_oorlog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Griekse_oorlog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Griekse oorlog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Griekse_oorlog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latere_regering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latere_regering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Latere regering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latere_regering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xerxes_in_de_Bijbel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xerxes_in_de_Bijbel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Xerxes in de Bijbel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xerxes_in_de_Bijbel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voetnoten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voetnoten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Voetnoten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voetnoten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Xerxes I</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 83 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahasveros" title="Ahasveros – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ahasveros" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I." title="Xerxes I. – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Xerxes I." data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84" title="خشايارشا الأول – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خشايارشا الأول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="خشايارشا الاول – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خشايارشا الاول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I_de_Persia" title="Xerxes I de Persia – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xerxes I de Persia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Kserks" title="I Kserks – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="I Kserks" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="خشایارشا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خشایارشا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_I" title="Ксеркс I – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ксеркс I" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_I" title="Ксеркс I – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ксеркс I" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kserses_Ia%C3%B1" title="Kserses Iañ – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kserses Iañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kserks_I_od_Perzije" title="Kserks I od Perzije – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kserks I od Perzije" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I_de_P%C3%A8rsia" title="Xerxes I de Pèrsia – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xerxes I de Pèrsia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerx%C3%A9s_I." title="Xerxés I. – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Xerxés I." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_I" title="Ксеркс I – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ксеркс I" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I,_brenin_Persia" title="Xerxes I, brenin Persia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Xerxes I, brenin Persia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_1._af_Persien" title="Xerxes 1. af Persien – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Xerxes 1. af Persien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I." title="Xerxes I. – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Xerxes I." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9E%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BE%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ξέρξης Α΄ της Περσίας – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ξέρξης Α΄ της Περσίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Xerxes I" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kserkso_la_1-a_(Persio)" title="Kserkso la 1-a (Persio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kserkso la 1-a (Persio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerjes_I" title="Jerjes I – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jerjes I" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Xerxes I" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I.a" title="Xerxes I.a – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Xerxes I.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="خشایارشا – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خشایارشا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kserkses_I" title="Kserkses I – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kserkses I" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerx%C3%A8s_Ier" title="Xerxès Ier – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Xerxès Ier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeirx%C3%A9as_I" title="Xeirxéas I – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Xeirxéas I" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xerxes I" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A9_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F" title="חשיארש הראשון – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חשיארש הראשון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="क्षयार्ष – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्षयार्ष" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kserkso_I." title="Kserkso I. – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kserkso I." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Khsaj%C3%A1rs%C3%A1_perzsa_kir%C3%A1ly" title="I. Khsajársá perzsa király – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. Khsajársá perzsa király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%BD_I" title="Քսերքսես I – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քսերքսես I" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahasyweros_I_dari_Persia" title="Ahasyweros I dari Persia – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ahasyweros I dari Persia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serse_I_di_Persia" title="Serse I di Persia – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Serse I di Persia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BB%E3%82%B91%E4%B8%96" title="クセルクセス1世 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クセルクセス1世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94_I" title="ქსერქსე I – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქსერქსე I" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Ксеркс – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ксеркс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EC%84%B8%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%84%B8%EC%8A%A4_1%EC%84%B8" title="크세르크세스 1세 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크세르크세스 1세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xe%C5%9Feyer%C5%9Fa_I" title="Xeşeyerşa I – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xeşeyerşa I" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Ксеркс – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ксеркс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I_(rex_Persarum)" title="Xerxes I (rex Persarum) – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Xerxes I (rex Persarum)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I." title="Xerxes I. – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Xerxes I." data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kserksas_I" title="Kserksas I – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kserksas I" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kserkss_I" title="Kserkss I – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kserkss I" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kserksesy_I" title="Kserksesy I – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kserksesy I" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="झेरेक्सिस पहिला – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="झेरेक्सिस पहिला" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I_dari_Parsi" title="Xerxes I dari Parsi – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Xerxes I dari Parsi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="گت خشایارشا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گت خشایارشا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I_av_Persia" title="Xerxes I av Persia – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Xerxes I av Persia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I_av_Persia" title="Xerxes I av Persia – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Xerxes I av Persia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C3%A8rxes_Ier" title="Xèrxes Ier – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Xèrxes Ier" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kserkses_I" title="Kserkses I – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kserkses I" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="خشیارشا اول – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خشیارشا اول" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="خشايارشا – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="خشايارشا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Xerxes I" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Xerxes I" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_I" title="Ксеркс I – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ксеркс I" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Xerxes I" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kserks_I" title="Kserks I – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kserks I" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Xerxes I" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I." title="Xerxes I. – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Xerxes I." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="اخسویرس – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="اخسویرس" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kserks_I." title="Kserks I. – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kserks I." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_I" title="Ксеркс I – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ксеркс I" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Xerxes I" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Xerxes I" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="முதலாம் செர்கஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முதலாம் செர்கஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%91%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B8_I" title="Хашоёршои I – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хашоёршои I" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1" title="จักรพรรดิเซิร์กซีสที่ 1 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิเซิร์กซีสที่ 1" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I_ng_Persia" title="Xerxes I ng Persia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Xerxes I ng Persia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Serhas" title="I. Serhas – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="I. Serhas" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81_I" title="Ксеркс I – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ксеркс I" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="خشیارشا اول – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خشیارشا اول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kserks_I" title="Kserks I – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kserks I" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Xerxes I" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_I_han_Persia" title="Xerxes I han Persia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Xerxes I han Persia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%9B%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="薛西斯一世 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="薛西斯一世" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94_I" title="ქსერქსე I – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქსერქსე I" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_1k_P%E1%BA%B9%CC%81rs%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Xerxes 1k Pẹ́rsíà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Xerxes 1k Pẹ́rsíà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%9B%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="薛西斯一世 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="薛西斯一世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerxes_1-s%C3%A8" title="Xerxes 1-sè – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Xerxes 1-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%9B%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="薛西斯一世 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="薛西斯一世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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style="background-color:#eaeaea; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Xerxes I </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">ca. <a href="/wiki/519_v.Chr." title="519 v.Chr.">519</a> - 4 augustus <a href="/wiki/465_v.Chr." title="465 v.Chr.">465 v.Chr.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Xerxes_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt=""Xerxes, Koning van Perzië" door Guillaume Rouillé (1553)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Xerxes_I.jpg/266px-Xerxes_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Xerxes_I.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="396" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%"><i>"Xerxes, Koning van Perzië"</i> door <b>Guillaume Rouillé</b> (1553)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#eaeaea; color:inherit;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Sjah" title="Sjah">Sjahansjah van Perzië</a> (<a href="/wiki/Achaemeniden" title="Achaemeniden">Achaemeniden</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Periode </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/486_v.Chr." title="486 v.Chr.">486</a> - <a href="/wiki/465_v.Chr." title="465 v.Chr.">465 v.Chr.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Voorganger </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Darius_I" title="Darius I">Darius I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opvolger </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I" title="Artaxerxes I">Artaxerxes I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#eaeaea; color:inherit;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Farao" title="Farao">Farao</a> van <a href="/wiki/Oude_Egypte" title="Oude Egypte">Egypte</a> (<a href="/wiki/27e_dynastie_van_Egypte" title="27e dynastie van Egypte">27e dynastie</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Periode </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/486_v.Chr." title="486 v.Chr.">486</a> - <a href="/wiki/465_v.Chr." title="465 v.Chr.">465 v.Chr.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Voorganger </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Darius_I" title="Darius I">Darius I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opvolger </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I" title="Artaxerxes I">Artaxerxes I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#eaeaea; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Vader </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Darius_I" title="Darius I">Darius I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Moeder </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa">Atossa</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Xerxes I</b> (Oudperzisch: 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠|𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠, <a href="/wiki/Transliteratie" title="Transliteratie">transliteratie</a>: <i>Xšayār̥šā</i>, <a href="/wiki/Perzisch" title="Perzisch">Perzisch</a>: خشایارشا; <a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Grieks</a>: Ξέρξης, <a href="/wiki/Latijn" title="Latijn">Latijn</a>: Xerxes) (ca. 519 v.Chr. - 4 augustus <a href="/wiki/465_v.Chr." title="465 v.Chr.">465 v.Chr.</a>) was van <a href="/wiki/486_v.Chr." title="486 v.Chr.">486</a> - 465 v.Chr. koning van het <a href="/wiki/Perzische_Rijk" title="Perzische Rijk">Perzische Rijk</a>. Hij was zoon en opvolger van <a href="/wiki/Darius_I" title="Darius I">Darius I</a> (Darius de Grote) en was de vierde koning van de dynastie van de <a href="/wiki/Achaemeniden" title="Achaemeniden">Achaemeniden</a>. Hij wordt ook wel <b>Xerxes de Grote</b> genoemd. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jeugd_en_troonsbestijging">Jeugd en troonsbestijging</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xerxes_I&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Jeugd en troonsbestijging" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xerxes_I&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Jeugd en troonsbestijging"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Persepolis_-_Royal_audience_low-relief.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Persepolis_-_Royal_audience_low-relief.jpg/350px-Persepolis_-_Royal_audience_low-relief.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Persepolis_-_Royal_audience_low-relief.jpg/525px-Persepolis_-_Royal_audience_low-relief.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Persepolis_-_Royal_audience_low-relief.jpg/700px-Persepolis_-_Royal_audience_low-relief.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption>Xerxes I afgebeeld in <a href="/wiki/Persepolis" title="Persepolis">Persepolis</a>, staand achter de troon van zijn vader, <a href="/wiki/Darius_I" title="Darius I">Darius I</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Xerxes I was de zoon van Darius I en <a href="/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa">Atossa</a> uit het huis van de Achaemeniden. Voordat Xerxes in oktober 486 v.Chr. op de troon kwam, was hij jarenlang onderkoning geweest in <a href="/wiki/Babylon_(Babel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylon (Babel)">Babylon</a> en zijn ervaring daar maakte hem tot een kundig bestuurder. In de merendeels op Griekse bronnen gebaseerde geschiedschrijving wordt hij vaak als zwakkeling voorgesteld, die door de <a href="/wiki/Eunuch" title="Eunuch">eunuchen</a> van het hof werd gedomineerd, hoewel <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> Xerxes ook een zekere koninklijke grandeur toeschreef. </p><p>Zoals in het oude <a href="/wiki/Nabije_Oosten" title="Nabije Oosten">Nabije Oosten</a> vaak gebeurde, ging zijn troonsbestijging vergezeld met opstanden. Eerst in <a href="/wiki/Bactri%C3%AB" title="Bactrië">Bactrië</a>, waar zijn broer <a href="/wiki/Ariamenes" title="Ariamenes">Ariamenes</a> een revolte lijkt te hebben georganiseerd. Deze werd op een onbekend moment aan het begin van Xerxes' regering onderdrukt. Zijn broer mocht het leven behouden nadat hij Xerxes in het openbaar erkend had. </p><p>Een opstand in <a href="/wiki/Oude_Egypte" title="Oude Egypte">Egypte</a> leidde mogelijk tot moeilijkheden in <a href="/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem">Jeruzalem</a>. Xerxes maakte persoonlijk een eind aan de Egyptische opstand in 481 v.Chr. </p><p>Meer zekerheid is er over de opstand in <a href="/wiki/Babyloni%C3%AB" title="Babylonië">Babylonië</a> in <a href="/wiki/482_v.Chr." title="482 v.Chr.">482 v.Chr.</a>. In de zomer eiste <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bel-shimani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bel-shimani (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bel-shimani</a> de troon van Babylon op en een maand later voegde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamash-eriba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shamash-eriba (de pagina bestaat niet)">Shamash-eriba</a> zich bij hem. Volgens Herodotus werd de <a href="/wiki/Satrapie" title="Satrapie">satraap</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zopyrus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zopyrus (de pagina bestaat niet)">Zopyrus</a> bij deze opstand gedood; deze man wordt echter niet genoemd in het spijkerschriftmateriaal. Uiteindelijk werd de opstand in bloed gesmoord. Dat het merendeel van de archieven abrupt eindigt, bewijst de hardhandigheid van het optreden.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Griekse_oorlog">Griekse oorlog</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xerxes_I&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Griekse oorlog" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xerxes_I&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Griekse oorlog"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Artabanus_and_the_Ghost.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Artabanus_and_the_Ghost.jpg/260px-Artabanus_and_the_Ghost.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Artabanus_and_the_Ghost.jpg/390px-Artabanus_and_the_Ghost.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Artabanus_and_the_Ghost.jpg/520px-Artabanus_and_the_Ghost.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1208" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption><i>Artabanus en de geest</i>. Volgens <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> zag Artabanus in zijn droom een geestverschijning, die hem aanraadde de voorbereiding van de strijd tegen de Grieken vooral niet tegen te houden, anders zou hij worden gestraft. Toen de verschijning met hete ijzers zijn ogen begon uit te branden, werd Artabanus schreeuwend wakker.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Xerxes_lash_sea.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Xerxes_lash_sea.JPG/250px-Xerxes_lash_sea.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="386" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Xerxes_lash_sea.JPG/375px-Xerxes_lash_sea.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Xerxes_lash_sea.JPG 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="679" /></a><figcaption>Xerxes laat de Hellespont geselen, omdat deze zich niet aan hem onderwerpt.</figcaption></figure> <p>Volgens <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> was Xerxes' oom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Artabanus_(zoon_van_Hystaspes)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artabanus (zoon van Hystaspes) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Artabanus</a> de enige die zich in het openbaar verzette tegen de veldtocht tegen Griekenland. 's Nachts kreeg Xerxes een droom, waarin een man verscheen, die hem adviseerde de veldtocht vooral door te zetten. Artabanus vertelde hem dat de droomverschijning niet door een god was gestuurd. Daarop vroeg Xerxes hem in zijn kleding op de troon plaats te nemen en 's nachts in zijn bed te slapen. Aan Artabanus verscheen toen hetzelfde droombeeld en hij raakte ervan overtuigd dat de goden de Perzen de Grieken in handen zouden geven. Artabanus werkte daarna vol ijver aan de voorbereiding van de strijd mee.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hoewel Xerxes <a href="/wiki/Ioni%C3%AB" title="Ionië">Ionië</a>, de door Griekse kolonisten bewoonde kust van <a href="/wiki/Klein-Azi%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Klein-Azië">Klein-Azië</a>, al onder zijn gezag had, was zijn vader er in de <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Perzische_Oorlog" class="mw-redirect" title="Eerste Perzische Oorlog">Eerste Perzische Oorlog</a> niet in geslaagd om Griekenland zelf te onderwerpen. Xerxes trok in <a href="/wiki/480_v.Chr." title="480 v.Chr.">480 v.Chr.</a> met een leger door Klein-Azië naar de streek rond <a href="/wiki/Troje" title="Troje">Troje</a>, waar hij de <a href="/wiki/Dardanellen" title="Dardanellen">Hellespont</a> overbrugde en overstak. Dit markeerde het begin van de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Perzische_Oorlog" class="mw-redirect" title="Tweede Perzische Oorlog">Tweede Perzische Oorlog</a>. </p><p>De Grieken besloten dat het Perzische leger alleen op de landengte van <a href="/wiki/Korinthe_(stad)" title="Korinthe (stad)">Korinthe</a> tegen te houden zou zijn en trokken daar inderhaast hun legers samen. Zo trok Xerxes door <a href="/wiki/Thessali%C3%AB" title="Thessalië">Thessalië</a> naar het zuiden en kreeg overal <i>aarde en water</i> aangeboden (een teken van onderwerping), behalve van het kleine <a href="/wiki/Plataeae" title="Plataeae">Plataeae</a> en <a href="/wiki/Thespiae" title="Thespiae">Thespiae</a>. De oorlog leek zo goed als gewonnen. </p><p>Bij de bergpas van <a href="/wiki/Thermopylae" title="Thermopylae">Thermopylae</a>, nog ten noorden van Athene, kwam echter de eerste onaangename verrassing. Ongeveer 4.000 Grieken onder leiding van <a href="/wiki/Leonidas_I_van_Sparta" title="Leonidas I van Sparta">Leonidas</a> hielden langer stand dan voorzien, al werden ze uiteindelijk na verraad onder de voet gelopen. Hetzelfde gold voor <a href="/wiki/Artemisium" title="Artemisium">Artemisium</a>, waar de Griekse vloot onverwacht lang stand hield. (Hoewel Herodotus duidelijk laat merken dat de Grieken het zwaar te verduren kregen, werd de driedaagse zeeslag later beschouwd als Griekse overwinning.) </p><p>Eind september werd Athene ingenomen en geplunderd, maar op de 29e werd de Perzische vloot verslagen ten westen van Athene in de <a href="/wiki/Slag_bij_Salamis" title="Slag bij Salamis">zeeslag bij Salamis</a>. Omdat het enorme Perzische leger nu niet meer voldoende kon worden bevoorraad - daarvoor was een transportvloot noodzakelijk - trok Xerxes zijn troepen terug. Met de buit uit Athene kon Xerxes zijn gezicht redden en als triomfator terugkeren. </p><p>Xerxes keerde dus terug naar <a href="/wiki/Sardis_(Lydi%C3%AB)" title="Sardis (Lydië)">Sardis</a> in Klein-Azië. Een onbeantwoorde vraag is waarom hij zijn vloot, die nog altijd zeer talrijk was en kon worden opgekalefaterd, ontbond en veel troepen terugtrok. De slagen bij <a href="/wiki/Slag_bij_Thermopylae_(480_v.Chr.)" title="Slag bij Thermopylae (480 v.Chr.)">Thermopylae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slag_bij_Artemisium" title="Slag bij Artemisium">Artemisium</a> en <a href="/wiki/Slag_bij_Salamis" title="Slag bij Salamis">Salamis</a>, hoezeer die ook tot de verbeelding van het nageslacht hebben gesproken, waren namelijk niet strategisch doorslaggevend. De recentelijk herhaalde hypothese dat hij de troepen nodig had om een opstand te onderdrukken<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is inmiddels op chronologische gronden weerlegd. </p><p>Toch vormden deze confrontaties ter zee en te land een keerpunt in de oorlog. De Griekse stadstaten spraken namelijk af het niet langer alleen op te nemen tegen de Perzen, maar een gezamenlijk leger op te bouwen. Xerxes I had een van zijn bevelhebbers, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mardonius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mardonius (de pagina bestaat niet)">Mardonius</a>, de leiding gegeven over het veroverde gebied, en deze probeerde nu met diplomatieke middelen uit de impasse te komen. Mardonius verzocht via <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_van_Macedoni%C3%AB" title="Alexander I van Macedonië">Alexander I van Macedonië</a> de Atheners om een wapenstilstand. Dezen verwierpen dit aanbod en kregen hulp van de <a href="/wiki/Sparta_(Griekenland)" title="Sparta (Griekenland)">Spartanen</a>. Wat volgde was de <a href="/wiki/Slag_bij_Plataeae" title="Slag bij Plataeae">slag bij Plataeae</a> (479 v.Chr.) die, onder het bevel van <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_I_van_Sparta" title="Pausanias I van Sparta">Pausanias I</a> (opvolger van de bij Thermopylae gesneuvelde koning Leonidas), werd gewonnen door de Grieken. Mardonius werd hierbij gedood. Korte tijd later vielen de Grieken de resten van de Perzische vloot aan op het Ionische schiereiland <a href="/wiki/Mycale_(berg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mycale (berg)">Mycale</a>, doodden alle Perzen en vernietigden wat restte van de Perzische vloot. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latere_regering">Latere regering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xerxes_I&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Latere regering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xerxes_I&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Latere regering"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De Perzische archieven geven weinig informatie over de tijd na <a href="/wiki/484_v.Chr." title="484 v.Chr.">484 v.Chr.</a>. Wat duidelijk is, is dat er grootschalige bouwprojecten plaatsvonden, onder meer in <a href="/wiki/Persepolis" title="Persepolis">Persepolis</a>. </p><p>Volgens Griekse bronnen ging het na de nederlaag tegen de Grieken bergafwaarts met Xerxes. Hij zou zijn interesse voor de politiek hebben verloren, zou in allerlei liefdesperikelen verstrikt zijn geraakt en liet het bestuur over aan de eunuch <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspamitres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspamitres (de pagina bestaat niet)">Aspamitres</a>. Het is moeilijk uit te maken wat waar is van deze beweringen. </p><p>De Grieken gingen in deze jaren in de aanval. Athene nam de leiding en <a href="/wiki/Kimon_II" title="Kimon II">Cimon</a> zeilde in <a href="/wiki/466_v.Chr." title="466 v.Chr.">466 v.Chr.</a> naar <a href="/wiki/Cari%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Carië">Carië</a> om de kust van Klein-Azië onder Atheense invloed te brengen. Bij de monding van de <a href="/wiki/Slag_bij_de_Eurymedon_(466_v.Chr.)" title="Slag bij de Eurymedon (466 v.Chr.)">Eurymedon</a> werden de Perzen opnieuw verslagen en dat kostte Xerxes vrijwel al zijn voormalige Griekse onderdanen. </p><p>Het jaar daarop werd Xerxes in zijn slaapkamer vermoord door de bevelhebber van zijn lijfwacht Artabanus en Aspamitres. Ook de kroonprins Darius werd door Artebanus uit de weg geruimd. Hij probeerde tevens Darius' jongere broer <a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I" title="Artaxerxes I">Artaxerxes</a> te doden maar deze wist zich te verdedigen en Artabanus te doden. Zo werd Artaxerxes koning van Perzië. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Xerxes_in_de_Bijbel">Xerxes in de Bijbel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xerxes_I&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Xerxes in de Bijbel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xerxes_I&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Xerxes in de Bijbel"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over het algemeen wordt aangenomen dat koning <a href="/wiki/Ahasveros" title="Ahasveros">Ahasveros</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ester_(boek)" title="Ester (boek)">Ester</a>, uit de <a href="/wiki/Hebreeuwse_Bijbel" title="Hebreeuwse Bijbel">Hebreeuwse Bijbel</a>, Xerxes aanduidt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xerxes_I&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xerxes_I&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pierre Briant, <i>Historie de l'empire perse. De Cyrus à Alexandre</i>, Parijs, 1996.</li> <li>Peter Green, <i>The Greco-Persian wars</i>, Berkeley, 1996.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xerxes_I&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xerxes_I&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161218193522/http://www.livius.org/aa-ac/achaemenians/inscriptions.html#Xerxes">Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions: Xerxes</a>: Xerxes' inscripties</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/articles/person/xerxes-i/">Xerxes I</a>: Factsheet</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voetnoten">Voetnoten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xerxes_I&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voetnoten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xerxes_I&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voetnoten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;-moz-column-width:30em; -webkit-column-width:30em; column-width:30em; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Waarzeggers, 'The Babylonian Revolts Against Xerxes and the "End of Archives"' in: <i>Archiv für Orientforschung</i> 50 (2003/2004), 150-173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Koolschijn" title="Gerard Koolschijn">Gerard Koolschijn</a> (2010), <i>Herodotos, Veertig verhalen, Xerxes' droom</i>, p.141-144, <i><a href="/wiki/Histori%C3%ABn_(Herodotos)" title="Historiën (Herodotos)">Historiën</a></i>, VII, 12-18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tom Holland, <i>Persian Fire</i> (2005), waarin hij niet aangeeft wat zijn bron is</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Briant, <i>La date des révoltes Babyloniennes contre Xerxès</i> in: <i>Studia Iranica</i> 21 (1992) 7-20. Uit het onderzoek van Waerzeggers (zie boven) blijkt dat dit niet juist kan zijn.</span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="toccolours vatop" style="text-align:center; width:100%; clear:both; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:-0.5em; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="30%"><b>Voorganger:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Darius_I" title="Darius I">Darius I</a> </td> <td width="40%"><b><a href="/wiki/Achaemeniden" title="Achaemeniden">Koning van Perzië</a></b> </td> <td width="30%"><b>Opvolger:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I" title="Artaxerxes I">Artaxerxes I</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="toccolours vatop" style="text-align:center; width:100%; clear:both; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:-0.5em; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="30%"><b>Voorganger:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Darius_I" title="Darius I">Darius I</a> </td> <td width="40%"><b><a href="/wiki/Farao" title="Farao">Farao van Egypte</a></b> <br /><i><a href="/wiki/27e_dynastie_van_Egypte" title="27e dynastie van Egypte">27e dynastie van Egypte</a></i> </td> <td width="30%"><b>Opvolger:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I" title="Artaxerxes I">Artaxerxes I</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output 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style=""><b><a href="/wiki/Achaemeniden" title="Achaemeniden">Achaemeniden</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_II_de_Grote" title="Cyrus II de Grote">Cyrus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses</a> · <a href="/wiki/Smerdis" title="Smerdis">Smerdis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Darius_I" title="Darius I">Darius I</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xerxes I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I" title="Artaxerxes I">Artaxerxes I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Darius_II" title="Darius II">Darius II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_II" title="Artaxerxes II">Artaxerxes II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a> · <a href="/wiki/Darius_III" title="Darius III">Darius III</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Hellenisme" title="Hellenisme">Macedoniërs</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_de_Grote" title="Alexander de Grote">Alexander de Grote</a> · <a href="/wiki/Philippus_III_van_Macedoni%C3%AB" title="Philippus III van Macedonië">Philippos III Arridaios</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_van_Macedoni%C3%AB" title="Alexander IV van Macedonië">Alexander IV</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Seleucidische_Rijk" title="Seleucidische Rijk">Seleuciden</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_I_Nicator" title="Seleucus I Nicator">Seleucus I Nicator</a> · <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_I_Soter" title="Antiochus I Soter">Antiochus I Soter</a> · <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_II" title="Antiochus II">Antiochus II Theos</a> · <a href="/wiki/Seleucus_II_Callinicus" title="Seleucus II Callinicus">Seleucus II Callinicus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Seleucus_III_Ceraunus" title="Seleucus III Ceraunus">Seleucus III Ceraunus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_III_de_Grote" title="Antiochus III de Grote">Antiochus III de Grote</a> · <a href="/wiki/Seleucus_IV_Philopator" title="Seleucus IV Philopator">Seleucus IV Philopator</a> · <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IV" title="Antiochus IV">Antiochus IV Epiphanes</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Parthische_Rijk" title="Parthische Rijk">Parthen</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Arsaces_I" title="Arsaces I">Arsaces I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arsaces_II" title="Arsaces II">Arsaces II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Priapitius" title="Priapitius">Priapitius</a> · <a href="/wiki/Phraates_I" title="Phraates I">Phraates I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mithridates_I_de_Grote" title="Mithridates I de Grote">Mithridates I de Grote</a> · <a href="/wiki/Phraates_II" title="Phraates II">Phraates II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Artabanus_I" title="Artabanus I">Artabanus I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mithridates_II_de_Grote" title="Mithridates II de Grote">Mithridates II de Grote</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gotarzes_I" title="Gotarzes I">Gotarzes I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Orodes_I" title="Orodes I">Orodes I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sinatrukes" title="Sinatrukes">Sinatrukes</a> · <a href="/wiki/Phraates_III_Theos" title="Phraates III Theos">Phraates III</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mithridates_III" title="Mithridates III">Mithridates III</a> · <a href="/wiki/Orodes_II" title="Orodes II">Orodes II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Phraates_IV" title="Phraates IV">Phraates IV</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tiridates_II_van_Parthi%C3%AB" title="Tiridates II van Parthië">Tiridates II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Phraataces" title="Phraataces">Phraataces</a> · <a href="/wiki/Orodes_III" title="Orodes III">Orodes III</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vonones_I" title="Vonones I">Vonones I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Artabanus_II" title="Artabanus II">Artabanus II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tiridates_III_van_Parthi%C3%AB" title="Tiridates III van Parthië">Tiridates III</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vardanes_I" title="Vardanes I">Vardanes I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gotarzes_II" title="Gotarzes II">Gotarzes II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sanabares" title="Sanabares">Sanabares</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vonones_II" title="Vonones II">Vonones II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vologases_I" title="Vologases I">Vologases I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vardanes_II" title="Vardanes II">Vardanes II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vologases_II" title="Vologases II">Vologases II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pacorus_II" title="Pacorus II">Pacorus II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Artabanus_III" title="Artabanus III">Artabanus III</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vologases_III" title="Vologases III">Vologases III</a> · <a href="/wiki/Osroes_I" title="Osroes I">Osroes I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mithridates_IV" title="Mithridates IV">Mithridates IV</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vologases_IV" title="Vologases IV">Vologases IV</a> · <a href="/wiki/Osroes_II" title="Osroes II">Osroes II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vologases_V" title="Vologases V">Vologases V</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vologases_VI" title="Vologases VI">Vologases VI</a> · <a href="/wiki/Artabanus_IV" title="Artabanus IV">Artabanus IV</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Sassaniden" title="Sassaniden">Sassaniden</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Ardashir" title="Ardashir">Ardashir</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sjapoer_I" title="Sjapoer I">Sjapoer I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hormazd_I" title="Hormazd I">Hormazd I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bahram_I" title="Bahram I">Bahram I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bahram_II" title="Bahram II">Bahram II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bahram_III" title="Bahram III">Bahram III</a> · <a href="/wiki/Narses_(koning)" title="Narses (koning)">Narses</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hormazd_II" title="Hormazd II">Hormazd II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sjapoer_II" title="Sjapoer II">Sjapoer II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ardashir_II" title="Ardashir II">Ardashir II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sjapoer_III" title="Sjapoer III">Sjapoer III</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bahram_IV" title="Bahram IV">Bahram IV</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yazdagird_I" title="Yazdagird I">Yazdagird I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bahram_V" title="Bahram V">Bahram V</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yazdagird_II" title="Yazdagird II">Yazdagird II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hormazd_III" title="Hormazd III">Hormazd III</a> · <a href="/wiki/Peroz" title="Peroz">Peroz</a> · <a href="/wiki/Valash" title="Valash">Valash</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kavad_I" title="Kavad I">Kavad I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zamasp" title="Zamasp">Zamasp</a> · <a href="/wiki/Khusro_I" title="Khusro I">Khusro I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hormazd_IV" title="Hormazd IV">Hormazd IV</a> · <a href="/wiki/Khusro_II" title="Khusro II">Khusro II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bahram_VI" title="Bahram VI">Bahram VI</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kavad_II" title="Kavad II">Kavad II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ardashir_III" title="Ardashir III">Ardashir III</a> · <a href="/wiki/Boran_van_Perzi%C3%AB" title="Boran van Perzië">Boran</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hormazd_V" title="Hormazd V">Hormazd V</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yazdagird_III" title="Yazdagird III">Yazdagird III</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Ghaznaviden" title="Ghaznaviden">Ghaznaviden</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alptigin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alptigin (de pagina bestaat niet)">Alptigin</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seb%C3%BCk_Tigin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebük Tigin (de pagina bestaat niet)">Sebük Tigin</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ismail_van_Ghazni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ismail van Ghazni (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ismail</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_van_Ghazni" title="Mahmud van Ghazni">Mahmud</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_van_Ghazni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammad van Ghazni (de pagina bestaat niet)">Mohammed</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mas%27ud_I_van_Ghazni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mas'ud I van Ghazni (de pagina bestaat niet)">Mas'ud I</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Il-kanaat" title="Il-kanaat">Il-kans</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Hulagu" title="Hulagu">Hulagu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Abaqa" title="Abaqa">Abaka</a> · <a href="/wiki/Teguder" title="Teguder">Teguder</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arghun" title="Arghun">Arghun</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaikhatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaikhatu (de pagina bestaat niet)">Gaikhatu</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bajdu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bajdu (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bajdu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ghazan" title="Ghazan">Ghazan</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%96ljeit%C3%BC" title="Öljeitü">Öljeitü</a> · <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id" title="Abu Sa'id">Abu Sa'id</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arpa_Ke%27un" title="Arpa Ke'un">Arpa</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Musa_(khan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musa (khan) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Musa</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_(khan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammad (khan) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Mohammed</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Timoeriden" title="Timoeriden">Timoeriden</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Timoer_Lenk" title="Timoer Lenk">Timoer Lenk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pir_Mohammed" title="Pir Mohammed">Pir Mohammed</a> · <a href="/wiki/Shahrukh_Mirza" title="Shahrukh Mirza">Shahrukh Mirza</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Babur_Ibn-Baysunkur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Babur Ibn-Baysunkur (de pagina bestaat niet)">Abu'l-Qasim Bābar</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjah_Mahmud_(Timoeriden)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjah Mahmud (Timoeriden) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Sjāh Mahmūd</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_(Timoeriden)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibrahim (Timoeriden) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ibrāhim</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Sa%27id_(Timoeriden)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Sa'id (Timoeriden) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Sultān Abu Sa'id Gūrgān</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yadigar_Muhammad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yadigar Muhammad (de pagina bestaat niet)">Yādgār Muhammad</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Husayn_Bayqarah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Husayn Bayqarah (de pagina bestaat niet)">Sultān Hussayn</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Badi%27_al-Zaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badi' al-Zaman (de pagina bestaat niet)">Badi ul-Zamān</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzaffar_Hussayn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzaffar Hussayn (de pagina bestaat niet)">Muzaffar Hussayn</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Safawieden" title="Safawieden">Safawieden</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Ismail_I_(Safawiden)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismail I (Safawiden)">Ismail I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tahmasp_I" title="Tahmasp I">Tahmasp I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ismail_II_(Safawiden)" title="Ismail II (Safawiden)">Ismail II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Khodabanda" title="Mohammad Khodabanda">Mohammad Khodabanda</a> · <a href="/wiki/Abbas_I_van_Perzi%C3%AB" title="Abbas I van Perzië">Abbas I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Safi_(sjah)" title="Safi (sjah)">Safi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Abbas_II_van_Perzi%C3%AB" title="Abbas II van Perzië">Abbas II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_I" title="Suleiman I">Suleiman I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Soltan_Hoseyn_I" title="Soltan Hoseyn I">Soltan Hoseyn I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tahmasp_II" title="Tahmasp II">Tahmasp II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Abbas_III" title="Abbas III">Abbas III</a> · <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_II" title="Suleiman II">Suleiman II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ismail_III" title="Ismail III">Ismail III</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Afshariden" title="Afshariden">Afshariden</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Nadir_Sjah_Afshar" class="mw-redirect" title="Nadir Sjah Afshar">Nadir Sjah Afshar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Adil_Sjah_Afshar" title="Adil Sjah Afshar">Adil Sjah Afshar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Sjah_Afshar" title="Ebrahim Sjah Afshar">Ebrahim Sjah Afshar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Shahrokh_Sjah_Afshar" title="Shahrokh Sjah Afshar">Shahrokh Sjah Afshar</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Zand_(dynastie)" title="Zand (dynastie)">Zand</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Karim_Khan_(Perzi%C3%AB)" title="Karim Khan (Perzië)">Karim Khan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Khan" title="Mohammad Ali Khan">Mohammad Ali Khan</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abol_Fath_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abol Fath Khan (de pagina bestaat niet)">Abol Fath Khan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sadiq_Khan" title="Sadiq Khan">Sadiq Khan</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Murad_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Murad Khan (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ali Murad Khan</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jafar_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jafar Khan (de pagina bestaat niet)">Jafar Khan</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotf_Ali_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lotf Ali Khan (de pagina bestaat niet)">Lotf Ali Khan</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Kadjaren" title="Kadjaren">Kadjaren</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agha_Mohammed_Khan_Kadjar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agha Mohammed Khan Kadjar (de pagina bestaat niet)">Agha Mohammed Khan Kadjar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fath%27Ali_Kadjar" title="Fath'Ali Kadjar">Fath'Ali Kadjar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Sjah_Kadjar" title="Mohammad Sjah Kadjar">Mohammad Sjah Kadjar</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Kadjar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Kadjar (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ali</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hossein_Ali_Kadjar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hossein Ali Kadjar (de pagina bestaat niet)">Hossein Ali Kadjar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Naser_ed-Din_Kadjar" title="Naser ed-Din Kadjar">Naser ed-Din Kadjar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mozaffar_ed-Din_Kadjar" title="Mozaffar ed-Din Kadjar">Mozaffar ed-Din Kadjar</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_Ali_Kadjar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammed Ali Kadjar (de pagina bestaat niet)">Mohammed Ali Kadjar</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soltan_Ahmad_Kadjar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soltan Ahmad Kadjar (de pagina bestaat niet)">Soltan Ahmad Kadjar</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Reza_Khan-e_Kadjar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Reza Khan-e Kadjar (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ali Reza Khan-e Kadjar</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasir_al-Mulk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasir al-Mulk (de pagina bestaat niet)">Nasir al-Mulk</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_Hassan_Mirza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammed Hassan Mirza (de pagina bestaat niet)">Mohammed Hassan Mirza</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Pahlavidynastie" title="Pahlavidynastie">Pahlavi</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Reza_Pahlavi_(1878-1944)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reza Pahlavi (1878-1944)">Reza Pahlavi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Xerxes_I#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Xerxes I">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Xerxes_I#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Xerxes I">Xerxes I</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xerxes_I&oldid=66800961">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xerxes_I&oldid=66800961</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Persoon_uit_de_Hebreeuwse_Bijbel" title="Categorie:Persoon uit de Hebreeuwse Bijbel">Persoon uit de Hebreeuwse Bijbel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Sjah_van_Perzi%C3%AB" title="Categorie:Sjah van Perzië">Sjah van Perzië</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Achaemeniden" title="Categorie:Achaemeniden">Achaemeniden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Vermoord_heerser" title="Categorie:Vermoord heerser">Vermoord heerser</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Farao_van_de_27e_Dynastie" title="Categorie:Farao van de 27e Dynastie">Farao van de 27e Dynastie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Persoon_in_de_5e_eeuw_v.Chr." title="Categorie:Persoon in de 5e eeuw v.Chr.">Persoon in de 5e eeuw v.Chr.</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 8 jan 2024 om 13:25.</li> <li 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