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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Steep_structures.jpg/192px-Steep_structures.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Steep_structures.jpg/288px-Steep_structures.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Steep_structures.jpg/383px-Steep_structures.jpg 2x" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small-scale steep structure characterised by the rotation of the subhorizontal foliation of the Nababeep Granite Gneiss into subvertical attitude, Klondike, O'okiep Copper District, Namaqualand, South Africa. Pencil for scale.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>steep structure</b> is a unique structural feature found in the O'okiep Copper District (OCD), Namaqualand, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. These structures occur as narrow, east-west trending, antiformal and/or monoclinal zones of high strain characterised by the rotation of regional foliation into subvertical attitude.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These structures commonly host plug- and dyke-like mafic- to intermediate cupriferous bodies of the Koperberg Suite in their central portions.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Steep structures are interpreted to have formed at the same time as the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/granulite-facies">granulite-facies metamorphism</a> during the waning stages of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Namaqua_Orogeny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Namaqua Orogeny (page does not exist)">Namaqua Orogeny</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Steep structures are also intimately related to <a href="/wiki/Megabreccia" class="mw-redirect" title="Megabreccia">megabreccias</a>, a term coined by geologists in the OCD for granite-<a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">gneiss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metasedimentary_rock" title="Metasedimentary rock">metasedimentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Country_rock_(geology)" title="Country rock (geology)">country rocks</a> cemented by granitic material <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steep_structure&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGeology_Explainer2020" class="citation web cs1">Geology Explainer (23 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geologyexplainer.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Steep-structure-latest.jpg">"Geology Facts - steep structures"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geology+Facts+-+steep+structures&rft.date=2020-08-23&rft.au=Geology+Explainer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeologyexplainer.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F06%2FSteep-structure-latest.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteep+structure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKistersGuy_CharlesworthGibsonAnhaeusser1996" class="citation journal cs1">Kisters, Alexander F. M.; Guy Charlesworth, E.; Gibson, Roger L.; Anhaeusser, Carl R. (1996-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191814196800083">"Steep structure formation in the Okiep Copper District, South Africa: bulk inhomogeneous shortening of a high-grade metamorphic granite-gneiss sequence"</a>. <i>Journal of Structural Geology</i>. <b>18</b> (6): 735–751. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996JSG....18..735K">1996JSG....18..735K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0191-8141%2896%2980008-3">10.1016/S0191-8141(96)80008-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0191-8141">0191-8141</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Structural+Geology&rft.atitle=Steep+structure+formation+in+the+Okiep+Copper+District%2C+South+Africa%3A+bulk+inhomogeneous+shortening+of+a+high-grade+metamorphic+granite-gneiss+sequence&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=735-751&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.issn=0191-8141&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0191-8141%2896%2980008-3&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1996JSG....18..735K&rft.aulast=Kisters&rft.aufirst=Alexander+F.+M.&rft.au=Guy+Charlesworth%2C+E.&rft.au=Gibson%2C+Roger+L.&rft.au=Anhaeusser%2C+Carl+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0191814196800083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteep+structure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatkeys1996" class="citation journal cs1">Watkeys, M. 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"The O'okiep Copper District, Namaqualand, South Africa: a review of the geology with emphasis on the petrogenesis of the cupriferous Koperberg Suite". <i>Mineralium Deposita</i>. <b>47</b> (8): 837–857. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MinDe..47..837C">2012MinDe..47..837C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00126-012-0403-x">10.1007/s00126-012-0403-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1432-1866">1432-1866</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129735687">129735687</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralium+Deposita&rft.atitle=The+O%27okiep+Copper+District%2C+Namaqualand%2C+South+Africa%3A+a+review+of+the+geology+with+emphasis+on+the+petrogenesis+of+the+cupriferous+Koperberg+Suite&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=837-857&rft.date=2012-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00126-012-0403-x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A129735687%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1432-1866&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012MinDe..47..837C&rft.aulast=Clifford&rft.aufirst=Tom+N.&rft.au=Barton%2C+Erika+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteep+structure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibsonRobbKistersCawthorn1996" class="citation journal cs1">Gibson, R. 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M.; Gibson, Roger L.; Charlesworth, E. Guy; Anhaeusser, Carl R. (1998-02-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191814197000813">"The role of strain localization in the segregation and ascent of anatectic melts, Namaqualand, South Africa"</a>. <i>Journal of Structural Geology</i>. Structures and Properties of High Strain Zones in Rocks. <b>20</b> (2): 229–242. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998JSG....20..229K">1998JSG....20..229K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0191-8141%2897%2900081-3">10.1016/S0191-8141(97)00081-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0191-8141">0191-8141</a>.</cite><span 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id="Geological_formations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geological formations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fossiliferous_stratigraphic_units_in_South_Africa" title="List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Africa">List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Africa</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Palaeoarchaean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushveld_Igneous_Complex" title="Bushveld Igneous Complex">Bushveld Igneous Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fig_Tree_Formation" title="Fig Tree Formation">Fig Tree Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komatii_Formation" title="Komatii Formation">Komatii Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moodies_Group" title="Moodies Group">Moodies Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onverwacht_Group" title="Onverwacht Group">Onverwacht Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Supergroup" title="Transvaal Supergroup">Transvaal Supergroup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paleozoic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Carboniferous <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwyka_Group" title="Dwyka Group">Dwyka Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganigobis_Formation" title="Ganigobis Formation">Ganigobis Formation</a></li></ul></li> <li>Devonian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bokkeveld_Group" title="Bokkeveld Group">Bokkeveld Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_Mountain_Sandstone" title="Table Mountain Sandstone">Table Mountain Sandstone</a></li></ul></li> <li>Permian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrahamskraal_Formation" title="Abrahamskraal Formation">Abrahamskraal Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balfour_Formation" title="Balfour Formation">Balfour Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwyka_Group" title="Dwyka Group">Dwyka Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganigobis_Formation" title="Ganigobis Formation">Ganigobis Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teekloof_Formation" title="Teekloof Formation">Teekloof Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehill_Formation" title="Whitehill Formation">Whitehill Formation</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ordovician <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soom_Shale" title="Soom Shale">Soom Shale</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mesozoic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cretaceous <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uitenhage_Group" title="Uitenhage Group">Uitenhage Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffelskloof_Formation" title="Buffelskloof Formation">Buffelskloof Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enon_Formation" title="Enon Formation">Enon Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkwood_Formation" title="Kirkwood Formation">Kirkwood Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundays_River_Formation" title="Sundays River Formation">Sundays River Formation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalahari_Deposits" title="Kalahari Deposits">Kalahari Deposits</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Jurassic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drakensberg_Group" title="Drakensberg Group">Drakensberg Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enon_Formation" title="Enon Formation">Enon Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uitenhage_Group" title="Uitenhage Group">Uitenhage Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoo_Supergroup" title="Karoo Supergroup">Karoo Supergroup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort_Group" title="Beaufort Group">Beaufort Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrahamskraal_Formation" title="Abrahamskraal Formation">Abrahamskraal Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balfour_Formation" title="Balfour Formation">Balfour Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katberg_Formation" title="Katberg Formation">Katberg Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middleton_Formation" title="Middleton Formation">Middleton Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teekloof_Formation" title="Teekloof Formation">Teekloof Formation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwyka_Group" title="Dwyka Group">Dwyka Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecca_Group" title="Ecca Group">Ecca Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whitehill_Formation" title="Whitehill Formation">Whitehill Formation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormberg_Group" title="Stormberg Group">Stormberg Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushveld_Sandstone" title="Bushveld Sandstone">Bushveld Sandstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarens_Formation" title="Clarens Formation">Clarens Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Formation" title="Elliot Formation">Elliot Formation</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Triassic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Formation" title="Elliot Formation">Elliot Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katberg_Formation" title="Katberg Formation">Katberg Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molteno_Formation" title="Molteno Formation">Molteno Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandien_Formation" title="Normandien Formation">Normandien Formation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cenozoic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algoa_Group" title="Algoa Group">Algoa Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tectonics_and_orogeny" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">‎Tectonics and orogeny</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algoa_Basin" title="Algoa Basin">Algoa Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Fold_Belt" title="Cape Fold Belt">Cape Fold Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellisras_Basin" title="Ellisras Basin">Ellisras Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondwanide_orogeny" title="Gondwanide orogeny">Gondwanide orogeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaapvaal_Craton" title="Kaapvaal Craton">Kaapvaal Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalahari_Craton" title="Kalahari Craton">Kalahari Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhonjwa_Mountains" title="Makhonjwa Mountains">Makhonjwa Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tectonic_evolution_of_the_Barberton_greenstone_belt" title="Tectonic evolution of the Barberton greenstone belt">Tectonic evolution of the Barberton greenstone belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Australis_Orogen" title="Terra Australis Orogen">Terra Australis Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Basin" title="Transvaal Basin">Transvaal Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witteberg" title="Witteberg">Witteberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Witwatersrand Basin">Witwatersrand Basin</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Volcanism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_South_Africa" title="List of volcanoes in South Africa">List of volcanoes in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilanesberg" title="Pilanesberg">Pilanesberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilanesberg_Game_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilanesberg Game Reserve">Pilanesberg Game Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Islands" title="Prince Edward Islands">Prince Edward Islands</a></li> <li>Diatremes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Hole" title="Big Hole">Big Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finsch_diamond_mine" title="Finsch diamond mine">Finsch diamond mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagersfontein_Mine" title="Jagersfontein Mine">Jagersfontein Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koffiefontein_mine" title="Koffiefontein mine">Koffiefontein mine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barberton_Greenstone_Belt" title="Barberton Greenstone Belt">Barberton Greenstone Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drakensberg" title="Drakensberg">Drakensberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoo-Ferrar" title="Karoo-Ferrar">Karoo-Ferrar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_South_Africa" title="List of earthquakes in South Africa">Earthquakes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1620_Robben_Island_earthquake" title="1620 Robben Island earthquake">1620 Robben Island earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Tulbagh_earthquake" title="1969 Tulbagh earthquake">1969 Tulbagh earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Mozambique_earthquake" title="2006 Mozambique earthquake">2006 Mozambique earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Orkney_earthquake" title="2014 Orkney earthquake">2014 Orkney earthquake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impact craters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalkkop_crater" title="Kalkkop crater">Kalkkop crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morokweng_impact_structure" title="Morokweng impact structure">Morokweng impact structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tswaing_crater" title="Tswaing crater">Tswaing crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vredefort_impact_structure" title="Vredefort impact structure">Vredefort impact structure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meteorites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bellsbank_meteorite" title="Bellsbank meteorite">Bellsbank meteorite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mineral_deposits" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">‎Mineral deposits</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimberlite" title="Kimberlite">Kimberlite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merensky_Reef" title="Merensky Reef">Merensky Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand" title="Witwatersrand">Witwatersrand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banket_(mining_term)" title="Banket (mining term)">Banket (mining term)</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_South_Africa" title="Coal in South Africa">Coal in South Africa</a></li> <li>Iron ore in Africa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_in_Africa" title="Platinum in Africa">Platinum in Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium_in_Africa" title="Titanium in Africa">Titanium in Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_in_Africa" title="Uranium in Africa">Uranium in Africa</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minerals_Council_South_Africa" title="Minerals Council South Africa">Minerals Council South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Mineral_Resources_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Mineral Resources (South Africa)">Department of Mineral Resources (South Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Mineral_Resources_and_Energy" title="Department of Mineral Resources and Energy">Department of Mineral Resources and Energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Paleontology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Paleontology‎</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fossiliferous_stratigraphic_units_in_South_Africa" title="List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Africa">List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archean_life_in_the_Barberton_Greenstone_Belt" title="Archean life in the Barberton Greenstone Belt">Archean life in the Barberton Greenstone Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Farm_lagerst%C3%A4tte" title="Waterloo Farm lagerstätte">Waterloo Farm lagerstätte</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ordovician</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notiodella" title="Notiodella">Notiodella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onychopterella" title="Onychopterella">Onychopterella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promissum" title="Promissum">Promissum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soomaspis" title="Soomaspis">Soomaspis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Devonian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africanaspis" title="Africanaspis">Africanaspis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctilamna" title="Antarctilamna">Antarctilamna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bainella" title="Bainella">Bainella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deltacephalaspis" title="Deltacephalaspis">Deltacephalaspis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplacanthus" title="Diplacanthus">Diplacanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondwanascorpio" title="Gondwanascorpio">Gondwanascorpio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscomyzon" title="Priscomyzon">Priscomyzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serenichthys" title="Serenichthys">Serenichthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutusius" title="Tutusius">Tutusius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umzantsia" title="Umzantsia">Umzantsia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Carboniferous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dadoxylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadoxylon">Dadoxylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepidodendron" title="Lepidodendron">Lepidodendron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Permian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdalodon" title="Abdalodon">Abdalodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alopecognathus" title="Alopecognathus">Alopecognathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anomocephalus" title="Anomocephalus">Anomocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilodon" title="Basilodon">Basilodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulbasaurus" title="Bulbasaurus">Bulbasaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charassognathus" title="Charassognathus">Charassognathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistecephaloides" title="Cistecephaloides">Cistecephaloides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crapartinella" class="mw-redirect" title="Crapartinella">Crapartinella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynosaurus" title="Cynosaurus">Cynosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicynodontoides" title="Dicynodontoides">Dicynodontoides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diictodon" title="Diictodon">Diictodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinanomodon" title="Dinanomodon">Dinanomodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinogorgon" title="Dinogorgon">Dinogorgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwykaselachus" title="Dwykaselachus">Dwykaselachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endothiodon" title="Endothiodon">Endothiodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunotosaurus" title="Eunotosaurus">Eunotosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galechirus" title="Galechirus">Galechirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glanosuchus" title="Glanosuchus">Glanosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossopteris" title="Glossopteris">Glossopteris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hofmeyria" title="Hofmeyria">Hofmeyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ictidognathus" title="Ictidognathus">Ictidognathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ictidosuchoides" title="Ictidosuchoides">Ictidosuchoides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepidodendron" title="Lepidodendron">Lepidodendron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycosuchus" title="Lycosuchus">Lycosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesosaurus" title="Mesosaurus">Mesosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moschops" title="Moschops">Moschops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odontocyclops" title="Odontocyclops">Odontocyclops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procynosuchus" title="Procynosuchus">Procynosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylacosaurus" title="Scylacosaurus">Scylacosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scymnosaurus" title="Scymnosaurus">Scymnosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simorhinella" title="Simorhinella">Simorhinella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereosternum" title="Stereosternum">Stereosternum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theriognathus" title="Theriognathus">Theriognathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thliptosaurus" title="Thliptosaurus">Thliptosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trochosaurus" title="Trochosaurus">Trochosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngina" title="Youngina">Youngina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beaufort Group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aelurosaurus" title="Aelurosaurus">Aelurosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anomocephalus" title="Anomocephalus">Anomocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilodon" title="Basilodon">Basilodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blattoidealestes" title="Blattoidealestes">Blattoidealestes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachyprosopus" title="Brachyprosopus">Brachyprosopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broomistega" title="Broomistega">Broomistega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistecephaloides" title="Cistecephaloides">Cistecephaloides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choerosaurus" title="Choerosaurus">Choerosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clelandina" title="Clelandina">Clelandina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colobodectes" title="Colobodectes">Colobodectes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compsodon" title="Compsodon">Compsodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptocynodon" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptocynodon">Cryptocynodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynariognathus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynariognathus">Cynariognathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynosaurus" title="Cynosaurus">Cynosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diictodon" title="Diictodon">Diictodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinanomodon" title="Dinanomodon">Dinanomodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eodicynodon" title="Eodicynodon">Eodicynodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eohyosaurus" title="Eohyosaurus">Eohyosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emyduranus" class="mw-redirect" title="Emyduranus">Emyduranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euchambersia" title="Euchambersia">Euchambersia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homodontosaurus" title="Homodontosaurus">Homodontosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icticephalus" title="Icticephalus">Icticephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ictidochampsa" title="Ictidochampsa">Ictidochampsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ictidodon" title="Ictidodon">Ictidodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ictidodraco" title="Ictidodraco">Ictidodraco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ictidostoma" title="Ictidostoma">Ictidostoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanostegus" title="Lanthanostegus">Lanthanostegus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontosaurus" title="Leontosaurus">Leontosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepidodendron" title="Lepidodendron">Lepidodendron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycideops" title="Lycideops">Lycideops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macroscelesaurus" title="Macroscelesaurus">Macroscelesaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moschorhinus" title="Moschorhinus">Moschorhinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paliguana" title="Paliguana">Paliguana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelictosuchus" title="Pelictosuchus">Pelictosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycynodon" title="Polycynodon">Polycynodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pristerodon" title="Pristerodon">Pristerodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pristerognathoides" class="mw-redirect" title="Pristerognathoides">Pristerognathoides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pristerognathus" title="Pristerognathus">Pristerognathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procolophon" title="Procolophon">Procolophon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promoschorhynchus" title="Promoschorhynchus">Promoschorhynchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalopocephalus" title="Scalopocephalus">Scalopocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silpholestes" title="Silpholestes">Silpholestes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamboeria" title="Tamboeria">Tamboeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranocentrodon" title="Uranocentrodon">Uranocentrodon</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Assemblages" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Assemblages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cistecephalus_Assemblage_Zone" title="Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone">Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daptocephalus_Assemblage_Zone" title="Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone">Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eodicynodon_Assemblage_Zone" title="Eodicynodon Assemblage Zone">Eodicynodon Assemblage Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pristerognathus_Assemblage_Zone" title="Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone">Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapinocephalus_Assemblage_Zone" title="Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone">Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropidostoma_Assemblage_Zone" title="Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone">Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Triassic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batrachosuchus" title="Batrachosuchus">Batrachosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blikanasaurus" title="Blikanasaurus">Blikanasaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolotridon" title="Bolotridon">Bolotridon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynognathus" title="Cynognathus">Cynognathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diademodon" title="Diademodon">Diademodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinanomodon" title="Dinanomodon">Dinanomodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliotherium" title="Elliotherium">Elliotherium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ericiolacerta" title="Ericiolacerta">Ericiolacerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythrosuchus" title="Erythrosuchus">Erythrosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythrotherium" title="Erythrotherium">Erythrotherium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucnemesaurus" title="Eucnemesaurus">Eucnemesaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euskelosaurus" title="Euskelosaurus">Euskelosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galesaurus" title="Galesaurus">Galesaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howesia" title="Howesia">Howesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ictidosuchoides" title="Ictidosuchoides">Ictidosuchoides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannemeyeria" title="Kannemeyeria">Kannemeyeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepidodendron" title="Lepidodendron">Lepidodendron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydekkerina" title="Lydekkerina">Lydekkerina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lystrosaurus" title="Lystrosaurus">Lystrosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanorosaurus" title="Melanorosaurus">Melanorosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesosuchus" title="Mesosuchus">Mesosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microgomphodon" title="Microgomphodon">Microgomphodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micropholis_(amphibian)" title="Micropholis (amphibian)">Micropholis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myosaurus" title="Myosaurus">Myosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noteosuchus" title="Noteosuchus">Noteosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivierosuchus" title="Olivierosuchus">Olivierosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orosaurus" title="Orosaurus">Orosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentasaurus" title="Pentasaurus">Pentasaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateosauravus" title="Plateosauravus">Plateosauravus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platycraniellus" title="Platycraniellus">Platycraniellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procolophon" title="Procolophon">Procolophon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progalesaurus" title="Progalesaurus">Progalesaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolacerta" title="Prolacerta">Prolacerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proterosuchus" title="Proterosuchus">Proterosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptychoceratodus" title="Ptychoceratodus">Ptychoceratodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regisaurus" title="Regisaurus">Regisaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaloposaurus" title="Scaloposaurus">Scaloposaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scymnosaurus" title="Scymnosaurus">Scymnosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shansiodon" title="Shansiodon">Shansiodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracynodon" title="Tetracynodon">Tetracynodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrinaxodon" title="Thrinaxodon">Thrinaxodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trirachodon" title="Trirachodon">Trirachodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufudocyclops" title="Ufudocyclops">Ufudocyclops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorillodontops" title="Zorillodontops">Zorillodontops</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Assemblages" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Assemblages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cynognathus_Assemblage_Zone" title="Cynognathus Assemblage Zone">Cynognathus Assemblage Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lystrosaurus_Assemblage_Zone" title="Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone">Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jurassic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aardonyx" title="Aardonyx">Aardonyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abrictosaurus" title="Abrictosaurus">Abrictosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antetonitrus" title="Antetonitrus">Antetonitrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcusaurus" title="Arcusaurus">Arcusaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelophysis" title="Coelophysis">Coelophysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelophysis_rhodesiensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Coelophysis rhodesiensis">Coelophysis rhodesiensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dracovenator" title="Dracovenator">Dracovenator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eocursor" title="Eocursor">Eocursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythrotherium" title="Erythrotherium">Erythrotherium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabrosaurus" title="Fabrosaurus">Fabrosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geranosaurus" title="Geranosaurus">Geranosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigantoscelus" title="Gigantoscelus">Gigantoscelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gryponyx" title="Gryponyx">Gryponyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyposaurus" title="Gyposaurus">Gyposaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterodontosaurus" title="Heterodontosaurus">Heterodontosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ledumahadi" title="Ledumahadi">Ledumahadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesothosaurus" title="Lesothosaurus">Lesothosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litargosuchus" title="Litargosuchus">Litargosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycorhinus" title="Lycorhinus">Lycorhinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massospondylus" title="Massospondylus">Massospondylus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngwevu" title="Ngwevu">Ngwevu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegomastax" title="Pegomastax">Pegomastax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptychoceratodus" title="Ptychoceratodus">Ptychoceratodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulanesaura" title="Pulanesaura">Pulanesaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefapanosaurus" title="Sefapanosaurus">Sefapanosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphenosuchus" title="Sphenosuchus">Sphenosuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritheledon" title="Tritheledon">Tritheledon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cretaceous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acanthohoplites" title="Acanthohoplites">Acanthohoplites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algoasaurus" title="Algoasaurus">Algoasaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baculites" title="Baculites">Baculites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangnasaurus" title="Kangnasaurus">Kangnasaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macroscaphites" title="Macroscaphites">Macroscaphites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nqwebasaurus" title="Nqwebasaurus">Nqwebasaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranthodon" title="Paranthodon">Paranthodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptychoceratodus" title="Ptychoceratodus">Ptychoceratodus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paleogene</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nummulite" title="Nummulite">Nummulite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neogene</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africanacetus" title="Africanacetus">Africanacetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nummulite" title="Nummulite">Nummulite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pleistocene</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boskop_Man" title="Boskop Man">Boskop Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homo_naledi" title="Homo naledi">Homo naledi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panthera_shawi" title="Panthera shawi">Panthera shawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulpes_skinneri" title="Vulpes skinneri">Vulpes skinneri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cradle_of_Humankind" title="Cradle of Humankind">Cradle of Humankind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planolites" title="Planolites">Planolites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylacorhinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Scylacorhinus">Scylacorhinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Fossil_Park" title="West Coast Fossil Park">West Coast Fossil Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Farm_lagerst%C3%A4tte" title="Waterloo Farm lagerstätte">Waterloo Farm lagerstätte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Research_and_administration" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Research and administration‎</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_Geoscience" title="Council for Geoscience">Council for Geoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_Studies_Institute" title="Evolutionary Studies Institute">Evolutionary Studies Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geological_Commission_of_the_Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Geological Commission of the Cape of Good Hope">Geological Commission of the Cape of Good Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geological_Society_of_South_Africa" title="Geological Society of South Africa">Geological Society of South Africa</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geologists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Merensky" title="Hans Merensky">Hans Merensky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paleontologists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Geddes_Bain" title="Andrew Geddes Bain">Andrew Geddes Bain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieuwe_Dirk_Boonstra" title="Lieuwe Dirk Boonstra">Lieuwe Dirk Boonstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kimberlin_Brain" title="Charles Kimberlin Brain">Charles Kimberlin Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Broom" title="Robert Broom">Robert Broom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Brown_(palaeontologist)" title="Alfred Brown (palaeontologist)">Alfred Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anusuya_Chinsamy-Turan" title="Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan">Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Basil_S._Cooke" title="H. Basil S. Cooke">H. Basil S. Cooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_W._Crompton" title="Alfred W. Crompton">Alfred W. Crompton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rossouw_Kannemeyer" title="Daniel Rossouw Kannemeyer">Daniel Rossouw Kannemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Keyser" title="Andre Keyser">Andre Keyser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Kitching" title="James Kitching">James Kitching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Talbot_Robinson" title="John Talbot Robinson">John Talbot Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_William_Stow" title="George William Stow">George William Stow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Meine_van_Zinderen-Bakker" title="Eduard Meine van Zinderen-Bakker">Eduard Meine van Zinderen-Bakker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Regional_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Regional articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Cape_Town" title="Geology of Cape Town">Geology of Cape Town</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pothole_(geology)" title="Pothole (geology)">Pothole (geology)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Steep structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swazian" title="Swazian">Swazian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WikiProject_Geology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/16px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/24px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/32px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="328" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geology" title="Portal:Geology">Geology portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" 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