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class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Births-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Births subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–February" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–February"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>January–February</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–February-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March–April" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March–April"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>March–April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March–April-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May–June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May–June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>May–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May–June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–August" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–August"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>July–August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–August-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September–October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September–October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>September–October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September–October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November–December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November–December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>November–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November–December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>January</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-February_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#February_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>February</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-February_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nobel_Prizes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_Prizes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nobel Prizes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_Prizes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1938</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 199 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-199" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">199 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1938 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1938 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1938 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1938 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B3%DB%B8_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۹۳۸ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۹۳۸ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%AE" title="১৯৩৮ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৯৩৮" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_n%C3%AE" title="1938 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1938 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1938 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1938 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938." title="1938. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1938." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1938 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1938 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B3%DB%B8" title="۱۹۳۸ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۹۳۸" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_%D1%88%D1%83" title="1938 шу – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="1938 шу" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938%E5%B9%B4" title="1938年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1938年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938-ngi%C3%A8n" title="1938-ngièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1938-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938%EB%85%84" title="1938년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1938년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AE" title="१९३८ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१९३८" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938." title="1938. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1938." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%AE" title="মারি ১৯৩৮ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৯৩৮" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1938-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1938-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AF%E0%B3%A9%E0%B3%AE" title="೧೯೩೮ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೯೩೮" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1938 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1938 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1938 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1938 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1938-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1938-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1938 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1938 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_%D0%B8" title="1938 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1938 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938._gads" title="1938. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1938. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1938 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1938 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_m." title="1938 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1938 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AE" title="१९३८ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१९३८" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AE" title="इ.स. १९३८ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १९३८" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B3%DB%B8" title="۱۹۳۸ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۹۳۸" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1938 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1938 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1938 он – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1938 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%89%E1%81%83%E1%81%88" title="၁၉၃၈ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၉၃၈" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AE" title="ई सं १९३८ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १९३८" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938%E5%B9%B4" title="1938年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1938年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1938 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1938 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AF%E0%AD%A9%E0%AD%AE" title="୧୯୩୮ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୯୩୮" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AE" title="१९३८ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१९३८" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1938" title="Joohr 1938 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1938" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1938 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1938 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938%D8%B9" title="1938ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1938ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A3%D9%A8" title="١٩٣٨ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٩٣٨" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938." title="1938. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1938." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1938 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1938 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2481" title="พ.ศ. 2481 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2481" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1938" title="Соли 1938 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1938" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1938 ар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1938 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938%D8%A1" title="1938ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1938ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_-_%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="1938 - يىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="1938 - يىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_nienz" title="1938 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1938 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%89%E5%85%AB%E5%B9%B4" title="一九三八年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一九三八年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938%E5%B9%B4" title="1938年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1938年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938%E5%B9%B4" title="1938年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1938年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938%E5%B9%B4" title="1938年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1938年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938" title="1938 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1938" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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For the EP, see <a href="/wiki/1938_(EP)" title="1938 (EP)"><i>1938</i> (EP)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_century" title="21st century">21st century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1910s" title="1910s">1910s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920s" title="1920s">1920s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1930s" title="1930s">1930s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940s" title="1940s">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950s" title="1950s">1950s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1935" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1935">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1936" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1936">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1937" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1937">1937</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1938" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1938">1938</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1939" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1939">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1940" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1940">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1941" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1941">1941</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output 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architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_art" title="1938 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_aviation" title="1938 in aviation">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1938_awards" title="Category:1938 awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_comics" title="1938 in comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_film" title="1938 in film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_literature" title="1938 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_poetry" title="1938 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1938_meteorology" title="Category:1938 meteorology">Meteorology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_music" title="1938 in music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_country_music" title="1938 in country music">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_jazz" title="1938 in jazz">Jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_rail_transport" title="1938 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_radio" title="1938 in radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_science" title="1938 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_sports" title="1938 in sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_association_football" title="1938 in association football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_television" title="1938 in television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_American_television" title="1938 in American television">American</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_British_television" title="1938 in British television">British</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Afghanistan" title="1938 in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Australia" title="1938 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Belgium" title="1938 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Brazil" title="1938 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="1938 in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Canada" title="1938 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_China" title="1938 in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Denmark" title="1938 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_France" title="1938 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Germany" title="1938 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_India" title="1938 in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Ireland" title="1938 in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Italy" title="1938 in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Japan" title="1938 in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Malaya" title="1938 in Malaya">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Mexico" title="1938 in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_New_Zealand" title="1938 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Norway" title="1938 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1938 in Mandatory Palestine">Palestine Mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Peru" title="1938 in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1938 in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Portugal" title="1938 in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_South_Africa" title="1938 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="1938 in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Spain" title="1938 in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Sweden" title="1938 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Switzerland" title="1938 in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Turkey" title="1938 in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1938 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_the_United_States" title="1938 in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_1938" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in 1938">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1938" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1938">Sovereign state leaders</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_20th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 20th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_20th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 20th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1938_in_law" title="Category:1938 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1938_births" title="Category:1938 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1938_deaths" title="Category:1938 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1938_establishments" title="Category:1938 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1938_disestablishments" title="Category:1938 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1938_works" title="Category:1938 works">Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1938_introductions" title="Category:1938 introductions">Introductions</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C20_year_in_topic" title="Template:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C20_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C20_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1938 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1938<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCMXXXVIII</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2691</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1387<br />ԹՎ ՌՅՁԷ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6688</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></td><td>94–95</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1859–1860</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1344–1345</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2888</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>2 <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">Geo. 6</a> – 3 <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">Geo. 6</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2482</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1300</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7446–7447</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">丁丑</a>年 (Fire <a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a>)<br />4635 or 4428<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />戊寅年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Tiger_(zodiac)" title="Tiger (zodiac)">Tiger</a>)<br />4636 or 4429</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1654–1655</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3104</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1930–1931</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5698–5699</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1994–1995</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1859–1860</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>5038–5039</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11938</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>938–939</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1316–1317</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1356–1357</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_(1926%E2%80%931989)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōwa (1926–1989)">Shōwa</a> 13<br />(昭和１３年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1868–1869</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Juche_calendar" title="Juche calendar">Juche calendar</a></td><td>27</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 13 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4271</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a> 27<br />民國27年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>470</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2480–2481</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阴火牛年<br />(female Fire-<a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a>)<br />2064 or 1683 or 911<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阳土虎年<br />(male Earth-<a href="/wiki/Tiger_(zodiac)" title="Tiger (zodiac)">Tiger</a>)<br />2065 or 1684 or 912</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1938" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1938">1938</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>1938</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MCMXXXVIII</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Saturday" title="Common year starting on Saturday">common year starting on Saturday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>, the 1938th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 938th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 38th year of the <a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a>, and the 9th year of the <a href="/wiki/1930s" title="1930s">1930s</a> decade. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January">January</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/January_1938" title="January 1938">January 1938</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kingfarouk1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Kingfarouk1948.jpg/95px-Kingfarouk1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Kingfarouk1948.jpg/143px-Kingfarouk1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Kingfarouk1948.jpg/190px-Kingfarouk1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a>: <a href="/wiki/Farouk_of_Egypt" title="Farouk of Egypt">King Farouk</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BennyGoodmanStageDoorCanteen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/BennyGoodmanStageDoorCanteen.jpg/130px-BennyGoodmanStageDoorCanteen.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/BennyGoodmanStageDoorCanteen.jpg/195px-BennyGoodmanStageDoorCanteen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/BennyGoodmanStageDoorCanteen.jpg/260px-BennyGoodmanStageDoorCanteen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a>: <a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a> in New York City</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">State-owned</a> <a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">railway</a> networks are created by merger, in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (<a href="/wiki/SNCF" title="SNCF">SNCF</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen">Nederlandse Spoorwegen</a> – NS).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Farouk_of_Egypt" title="Farouk of Egypt">Farouk of Egypt</a> marries Safinaz Zulficar, who becomes <a href="/wiki/Farida_of_Egypt" title="Farida of Egypt">Queen Farida</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Honeymoon_Bridge_(Niagara_Falls)" title="Honeymoon Bridge (Niagara Falls)">Honeymoon Bridge</a> at <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_New_York" title="Niagara Falls, New York">Niagara Falls, New York</a>, collapses as a result of an <a href="/wiki/Ice_jam" title="Ice jam">ice jam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Niagara_Falls,_New_York_from_Skylon_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Niagara_Falls%2C_New_York_from_Skylon_Tower.jpg/200px-Niagara_Falls%2C_New_York_from_Skylon_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Niagara_Falls%2C_New_York_from_Skylon_Tower.jpg/300px-Niagara_Falls%2C_New_York_from_Skylon_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Niagara_Falls%2C_New_York_from_Skylon_Tower.jpg/400px-Niagara_Falls%2C_New_York_from_Skylon_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2844" data-file-height="1522" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a>: The Honeymoon Bridge, Niagara, collapses under ice.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February">February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/February_1938" title="February 1938">February 1938</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> abolishes the War Ministry and creates the <a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_der_Wehrmacht" title="Oberkommando der Wehrmacht">Oberkommando der Wehrmacht</a> (High Command of the Armed Forces), giving him direct control of the German military. In addition, he dismisses political and military leaders considered unsympathetic to his philosophy or policies. General <a href="/wiki/Werner_von_Fritsch" title="Werner von Fritsch">Werner von Fritsch</a> is forced to resign as Commander of Chief of the German Army following accusations of homosexuality, and replaced by General <a href="/wiki/Walther_von_Brauchitsch" title="Walther von Brauchitsch">Walther von Brauchitsch</a>. Foreign Minister Baron <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">Konstantin von Neurath</a> is dismissed, and replaced by <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a>.</li> <li>Walt Disney's <i><a href="/wiki/Snow_White_and_the_Seven_Dwarfs_(1937_film)" title="Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)">Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs</a></i>, the first <a href="/wiki/Cel" title="Cel">cel</a>-animated feature in motion picture history, is released in the United States, following a premiere on December 21 of the previous year.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – Black Sunday at <a href="/wiki/Bondi_Beach" title="Bondi Beach">Bondi Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, Australia: 300 swimmers are dragged out to sea in 3 freak waves; 80 <a href="/wiki/Lifesaving" title="Lifesaving">lifesavers</a> save all but 5.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_II_of_Romania" title="Carol II of Romania">Carol II of Romania</a> takes dictatorial powers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Chongqing" title="Bombing of Chongqing">Bombing of Chongqing</a> begins.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Kurt_von_Schuschnigg" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurt von Schuschnigg">Kurt von Schuschnigg</a> of Austria meets <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> at <a href="/wiki/Berchtesgaden" title="Berchtesgaden">Berchtesgaden</a> and, under threat of invasion, is forced to yield to German demands for greater <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> participation in the Austrian government.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Teruel" title="Battle of Teruel">Battle of Teruel</a> ends in a <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_faction_(Spanish_Civil_War)" title="Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)">Nationalist</a> victory with recapture of the city, a turning point in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – A <a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">nylon</a> bristle <a href="/wiki/Toothbrush" title="Toothbrush">toothbrush</a> becomes the first commercial product to be made with nylon yarn.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March">March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/March_1938" title="March 1938">March 1938</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dammam_No._7_on_March_4,_1938.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Dammam_No._7_on_March_4%2C_1938.jpg/198px-Dammam_No._7_on_March_4%2C_1938.jpg" decoding="async" width="198" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Dammam_No._7_on_March_4%2C_1938.jpg/297px-Dammam_No._7_on_March_4%2C_1938.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Dammam_No._7_on_March_4%2C_1938.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a>: First commercial oil discovery in <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Dammam_No._7" title="Dammam No. 7">Dammam No. 7</a></i></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lee_Byung-chul" title="Lee Byung-chul">Lee Byung-chul</a> establishes a trucking business in <a href="/wiki/Daegu" title="Daegu">Daegu</a>, Korea, which he names Samsung Trading Co, the forerunner to <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_River" title="Santa Ana River">Santa Ana River</a> in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, United States, spills over its banks during a rainy winter, killing 58 people in Orange County, and causing trouble as far inland as Palm Springs.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Nevile_Henderson" title="Nevile Henderson">Nevile Henderson</a>, British Ambassador to Germany, presents a proposal to Hitler for an international consortium to rule much of Africa (in which Germany would be assigned a leading role), in exchange for a German promise never to resort to war to change her frontiers; Hitler rejects the British offer.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a>:</i> German troops occupy Austria; annexation is declared the following day.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – French Premier <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Léon Blum</a> reassures the Czechoslovak government that France will honor its treaty obligations to aid <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, in the event of a German invasion.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – Poland <a href="/wiki/1938_Polish_ultimatum_to_Lithuania" title="1938 Polish ultimatum to Lithuania">presents an ultimatum</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, to establish normal diplomatic relations that were severed over the <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_Region" title="Vilnius Region">Vilnius Region</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> – Italian mathematician <a href="/wiki/Ettore_Majorana" title="Ettore Majorana">Ettore Majorana</a> disappears suddenly under mysterious circumstances, while travelling by ship from <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a> to <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – At a meeting with Hitler in Berlin, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Henlein" title="Konrad Henlein">Konrad Henlein</a> is instructed to make increasing demands concerning the status of the <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a>, but to avoid reaching an agreement with Czechoslovak authorities.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_30" title="March 30">March 30</a> – Italy's <i><a href="/wiki/Duce" title="Duce">Duce</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> is granted equal power over the Italian military to that of King <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III" title="Victor Emmanuel III">Victor Emmanuel III</a>, as <a href="/wiki/First_Marshal_of_the_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="First Marshal of the Empire">First Marshal of the Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April">April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/April_1938" title="April 1938">April 1938</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Édouard Daladier</a> becomes prime minister of France. He appoints as Foreign Minister a leading advocate of the policy of <a href="/wiki/Appeasement" title="Appeasement">appeasement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bonnet" title="Georges Bonnet">Georges Bonnet</a>, effectively negating Blum's reassurances of March 14.</li> <li>In a result that astonishes even Hitler, the Austrian electorate in a national referendum approves <a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a> by an overwhelming 99.73%.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – The UK and Italy sign an agreement that sees Britain recognise Italian control of Ethiopia (formally on November 16), in return for an Italian pledge to withdraw all its 10,000 troops from Spain, at the conclusion of the civil war there.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a> first appears in <i>Action Comics</i> #1 (cover date June). The date is established in court documents released during the legal battle over the rights to Superman (on April 18, 2018, DC Comics released <i>Action Comics</i> #1000).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_P%C3%A4ts" title="Konstantin Päts">Konstantin Päts</a> becomes the first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Estonia" title="President of Estonia">President of Estonia</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May">May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/May_1938" title="May 1938">May 1938</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Vatican</a> recognizes <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>'s government in Spain.</li> <li>General <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Beck" title="Ludwig Beck">Ludwig Beck</a>, Chief of the German Army's General Staff, submits a memorandum to Hitler opposing <i><a href="/wiki/Fall_Gr%C3%BCn_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Fall Grün (Czechoslovakia)">Fall Grün</a></i> (Case Green), the plan for a war with Czechoslovakia, under the grounds that Germany is ill-prepared for the world war likely to result from such an attack.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Cordell Hull</a> rejects the Soviet Union's offer of a joint defence pact, to counter the rise of Nazi Germany.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> withdraws from the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/May_Crisis_1938" class="mw-redirect" title="May Crisis 1938">May Crisis 1938</a>: <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovak</a> intelligence receives reports of menacing <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> military concentrations (it later appears the reports are false).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> orders a partial mobilization of its armed forces along the German border.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tsuyama_massacre" title="Tsuyama massacre">Tsuyama massacre</a>: Matsuo Toi kills 30 people in a village in <a href="/wiki/Okayama" title="Okayama">Okayama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, in the world's worst <a href="/wiki/Spree_killing" class="mw-redirect" title="Spree killing">spree killing</a> by an individual until <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_23" title="May 23">May 23</a> – No evidence of German troop movements against <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> is found, and the <a href="/wiki/May_Crisis_1938" class="mw-redirect" title="May Crisis 1938">May Crisis</a> subsides. <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> is, nevertheless, perceived to have backed down in the face of Czechoslovak mobilization and international diplomatic unity, but the issue of the future of the <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a> is far from resolved.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a> is <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Alicante" title="Bombing of Alicante">bombed by fascist rebels</a>, resulting in 313 deaths.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> ambassador to the United States, A. A. Troyanovsky, declares Moscow ready to defend <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – In a conference at the <a href="/wiki/Reich_Chancellery" title="Reich Chancellery">Reich Chancellery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a> declares his decision to destroy <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> by military force, and orders the immediate mobilization of 96 Wehrmacht divisions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a> issues a revised directive for <i><a href="/wiki/Fall_Gr%C3%BCn_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Fall Grün (Czechoslovakia)">Fall Grün</a></i> ("Case Green") – the invasion of <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> – to be carried out by October 1, 1938.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June">June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/June_1938" title="June 1938">June 1938</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> & <a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">7</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1938_Yellow_River_flood" title="1938 Yellow River flood">1938 Yellow River flood</a> is created by the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Nationalist government</a> in central <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, breaching embankments during the early stage of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>, in an attempt to halt the rapid advance of Japanese forces. The flood kills at least 400,000, covers and destroys thousands of square kilometers of farmland, and shifts the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> hundreds of kilometers to the south.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – Fire destroys 214 buildings in <a href="/wiki/Ludza" title="Ludza">Ludza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_B%C3%ADr%C3%B3" title="László Bíró">László Bíró</a> patents the <a href="/wiki/Ballpoint_pen" title="Ballpoint pen">ballpoint pen</a> in Britain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">June 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Italy_national_football_team" title="Italy national football team">Italy</a> beats <a href="/wiki/Hungary_national_football_team" title="Hungary national football team">Hungary</a> 4–2, to win the <a href="/wiki/1938_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1938 FIFA World Cup">1938 FIFA World Cup</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heavyweight" title="Heavyweight">Heavyweight</a> <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a> champion <a href="/wiki/Joe_Louis" title="Joe Louis">Joe Louis</a> knocks out <a href="/wiki/Max_Schmeling" title="Max Schmeling">Max Schmeling</a> in the first round of their rematch, at <a href="/wiki/Yankee_Stadium_(1923)" title="Yankee Stadium (1923)">Yankee Stadium</a> in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – Dr. <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hyde" title="Douglas Hyde">Douglas Hyde</a> takes office as the first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President of Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July">July</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/July_1938" title="July 1938">July 1938</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July" title="July">July</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Mauthausen_concentration_camp" title="Mauthausen concentration camp">Mauthausen concentration camp</a> is built in Austria.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – The <a href="/wiki/South_African_Press_Association" title="South African Press Association">South African Press Association</a> is established, with offices in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam locomotive</a> <i><a href="/wiki/LNER_Class_A4_4468_Mallard" title="LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard">Mallard</a></i> sets the world speed record for steam, by reaching 125.88 mph on the <a href="/wiki/London_and_North_Eastern_Railway" title="London and North Eastern Railway">London and North Eastern Railway</a>.</li> <li>The last reunion of the Blue and <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Gray</a> commemorates the 75th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gettysburg" title="Battle of Gettysburg">Battle of Gettysburg</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Gettysburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Gettysburg, Pennsylvania">Gettysburg, Pennsylvania</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Non-Intervention_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Intervention Committee">Non-Intervention Committee</a> reaches an agreement to withdraw all foreign volunteers from the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>. The agreement is respected by most Republican <a href="/wiki/International_Brigades" title="International Brigades">International Brigades</a>, notably those from England and the United States, but is ignored by the governments of Germany and Italy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Evian_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Evian Conference">Evian Conference</a> on Refugees is convened in France. No country in Europe is prepared to accept Jews fleeing persecution, and the United States will take only 27,370.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hughes" title="Howard Hughes">Howard Hughes</a> sets a new record, by completing a 91-hour <a href="/wiki/Airplane" title="Airplane">airplane</a> flight around the world.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wrong_Way_Corrigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrong Way Corrigan">Wrong Way Corrigan</a> takes off from New York, ostensibly heading for California. He lands in Ireland instead.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – Britain rejects a proposal from its ambassador in Berlin, <a href="/wiki/Nevile_Henderson" title="Nevile Henderson">Nevile Henderson</a>, for a four-power summit on Czechoslovakia consisting of Britain, France, Germany and the U.S.S.R., as London will under no circumstances accept the U.S.S.R. as a diplomatic partner.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – The north face of the <a href="/wiki/Eiger" title="Eiger">Eiger</a> in the Alps is first ascended.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1938_Greek_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1938 Greek coup d'état attempt">1938 Greek coup d'état attempt</a>: A revolt against the <a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Ioannis Metaxas">Ioannis Metaxas</a> dictatorship in Greece is put down in <a href="/wiki/Chania" title="Chania">Chania</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_World_Airways" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan American World Airways">Pan Am</a> <a href="/wiki/Flying_boat" title="Flying boat">flying boat</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Clipper" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaii Clipper">Hawaii Clipper</a></i> disappears with 6 passengers and 9 crew members, en route from <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> to <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August">August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/August_1938" title="August 1938">August 1938</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August" title="August">August</a> – In the face of overwhelming Japanese military pressure, <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> withdraws his government to <a href="/wiki/Chungking" class="mw-redirect" title="Chungking">Chungking</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – At a secret summit with his leading generals, Hitler attacks General Beck's arguments against <i>Fall Grün</i>, winning the majority of his senior officers over to his point of view.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – Colonel General <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Beck" title="Ludwig Beck">Ludwig Beck</a>, convinced that Hitler's decision to attack <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> will lead to a general European war, resigns his position as Chief of the Army General Staff in protest.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – Hitler, hosting a dinner on board the ocean liner <i>Patria</i> in <a href="/wiki/Kiel_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiel Bay">Kiel Bay</a>, tells the Regent of Hungary, <a href="/wiki/Admiral_Horthy" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiral Horthy">Admiral Horthy</a>, that action against Czechoslovakia is imminent and that "he who wants to sit at the table must at least help in the kitchen", a reference to Horthy's designs on <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Ruthenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian Ruthenia">Carpathian Ruthenia</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September">September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/September_1938" title="September 1938">September 1938</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September" title="September">September</a> – The European crisis over German demands for annexation of the <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudeten</a> borderland of <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> becomes increasingly severe.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakian</a> President <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a> invites mid-level representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Sudeten_Germans" title="Sudeten Germans">Sudeten Germans</a> <a href="/wiki/Hrad%C4%8Dany" title="Hradčany">Hradčany</a> Palace, to tell them he will accept whatever demands they care to make, provided the <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a> remains part of the <a href="/wiki/First_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="First Czechoslovak Republic">Republic of Czechoslovakia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – What eventually proves to be the last of the "<a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Rallies" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Rallies">Nuremberg Rallies</a>" begins. It draws worldwide attention because it is widely assumed that <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a>, in his closing remarks, will signal whether there will be peace with or war over <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> publishes a lead article, which calls on <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> to cede the <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a> to Germany.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a>, in a speech at <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>, calls the <a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czechs</a> a "miserable pygmy race" who are "harassing the human race". That same evening, <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a>, President of <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, makes a broadcast in which he appeals for calm.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a> makes his much-anticipated closing address at <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>, in which he vehemently attacks the <a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a> people and President <a href="/wiki/Bene%C5%A1" title="Beneš">Beneš</a>. American news commentator <a href="/wiki/H._V._Kaltenborn" title="H. V. Kaltenborn">Hans von Kaltenborn</a> begins his famous marathon of broadcast bulletins over the <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> Radio Network, with a summation of Hitler's address.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – The followers of <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Henlein" title="Konrad Henlein">Konrad Henlein</a> begin an armed revolt against the Czechoslovak government in <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a>. Martial law is declared and after much bloodshed on both sides order is temporarily restored. <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a> personally sends a telegram to <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a>, urgently requesting that they both meet.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a> arrives in <a href="/wiki/Berchtesgaden" title="Berchtesgaden">Berchtesgaden</a>, to begin negotiations with <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lord_Runciman" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Runciman">Lord Runciman</a> is recalled to London from <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, in order to brief the British government on the situation in the <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a> returns temporarily to London, to confer with his cabinet. The U.S.S.R. <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> masses along the Ukrainian frontier. Rumania agrees to allow Soviet soldiers free passage across her territory to defend Czechoslovakia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> <ul><li>During a meeting between <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a>, the recently elected Premier of France, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Édouard Daladier</a>, and Daladier's Foreign Minister, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bonnet" title="Georges Bonnet">Georges Bonnet</a>, it becomes apparent that neither the British nor the French governments are prepared to go to war over the <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> declares it will come to the defence of Czechoslovakia only if France honours her commitment to defend Czechoslovak independence.</li> <li>Mussolini makes a speech in Trieste, Italy, where he indicates that Italy is supporting Germany in the Sudeten crisis.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> <ul><li>In the early hours of the day, representatives of the French and British governments call on Czechoslovak President <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a>, to tell him France and Britain will not fight <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a> if he decides to annex the <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a> by force. Late in the afternoon, the Czechoslovak government capitulates to the French and British demands.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> warns of grave consequences to European security, if <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> is partitioned. The same day, Soviet Foreign Commissar <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Litvinov" title="Maxim Litvinov">Maxim Litvinov</a> makes a similar statement in the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>.</li> <li>Following the capitulation of the Czech government to Germany's demands, both Poland and Hungary demand slices of Czech territory where their nationals reside.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/1938_New_England_hurricane" title="1938 New England hurricane">1938 New England hurricane</a> in the United States strikes <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> and southern New England, killing over 300 along the Rhode Island shoreline and 600 altogether.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> <ul><li>Unable to survive the previous day's capitulation to the demands of the English and French governments, Czechoslovak premier <a href="/wiki/Milan_Hod%C5%BEa" title="Milan Hodža">Milan Hodža</a> resigns. General <a href="/wiki/Jan_Syrov%C3%BD" title="Jan Syrový">Jan Syrový</a> takes his place.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a> arrives in the city of <a href="/wiki/Bad_Godesberg" title="Bad Godesberg">Bad Godesberg</a>, for another round of talks with <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a> crisis. Hitler raises his demands to include occupation of all German Sudeten territories by October 1. That night after a telephone conference, Chamberlain reverses himself and advises the Czechoslovaks to mobilize.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovak</a> army mobilizes.<sup id="cite_ref-Gregorovičová2002_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gregorovičová2002-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>As the Polish army masses along the Czech border, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> warns Poland that if it crosses the Czech frontier, Russia will regard the 1932 non-aggression pact between the two countries as void.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> <ul><li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Eric_Phipps" title="Eric Phipps">Eric Phipps</a>, British Ambassador to France, reports to London, "all that is best in France is against war, almost at any price", being opposed only by a "small, but noisy and corrupt, war group". Phipps's report creates major doubts about the ability and/or willingness of France to go to war.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>At 1:30 AM, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a> conclude their talks on the <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a>. Chamberlain agrees to take Hitler's demands, codified in the <a href="/wiki/Godesberg_Memorandum" title="Godesberg Memorandum">Godesberg Memorandum</a>, personally to the Czech Government. The Czech Government rejects the demands, as does Chamberlain's own cabinet. The French Government also initially rejects the terms and orders a partial mobilization of the French army.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> – British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> is ordered to sea.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> – In a vitriolic speech at Berlin's Sportpalast, Hitler defies the world and implies war with <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> will begin at any time.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – As his self-imposed October 1 deadline for occupation of the <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a> approaches, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> invites Italian Duce Benito Mussolini, French Premier Edourd Deladier and British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a> to one last conference in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>. The Czechs themselves are not invited.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> <ul><li>Colonel <a href="/wiki/Graham_Christie" class="mw-redirect" title="Graham Christie">Graham Christie</a>, former British military attaché in Berlin, is told by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Goerdeler" title="Carl Friedrich Goerdeler">Carl Friedrich Goerdeler</a> that the mobilization of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> has badly damaged the popularity of the Nazi regime, as the German public realizes that <i><a href="/wiki/Fall_Gr%C3%BCn_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Fall Grün (Czechoslovakia)">Fall Grün</a></i> is likely to cause a world war.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a>: German, Italian, British and French leaders agree to German demands regarding annexation of the <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a> in <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>. The Czechoslovak government is largely excluded from the negotiations, and is not a signatory to the agreement.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Hatay" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Hatay">Republic of Hatay</a> is declared in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> – Neville Chamberlain returns to Britain from meeting with Adolf Hitler, and declares "<a href="/wiki/Peace_for_our_time" title="Peace for our time">Peace for our time</a>".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October">October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/October_1938" title="October 1938">October 1938</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October" title="October">October</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> largely overruns <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Canton</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – German troops march into the <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a>. The Polish government gives the Czech government an ultimatum, stating that <a href="/wiki/Trans-Olza" title="Trans-Olza">Trans-Olza</a> region must be handed over within twenty-four hours. The Czechs have little choice but to comply; Polish forces occupy Trans-Olza.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1938_Tiberias_massacre" title="1938 Tiberias massacre">Tiberias massacre</a>: Arab raiders murder 19 Jewish immigrants.</li> <li>Disgusted with <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a>'s conduct at Munich, <a href="/wiki/Duff_Cooper" title="Duff Cooper">Duff Cooper</a> resigns his post as <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a>. With his resignation, formal debate begins in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a>, but with Chamberlain at the peak of his popularity, there can be little doubt His Majesty's Government will receive a vote of confidence.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – The Republican forces in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> begin withdrawing their foreign volunteers from combat, as agreed on July 5.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a>, president of <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, resigns.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a>: In Nazi Germany, Jews' passports are invalidated, and those who need a passport for emigration purposes are given one marked with the letter J ("Jude" – "Jew").<sup id="cite_ref-yadvashem_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yadvashem-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, in a broadcast address to the United States, condemns the <a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a> as a defeat, and calls upon America and western Europe to prepare for armed resistance against Hitler.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – The German government expels 12,000 Polish Jews living in Germany; the Polish government accepts 4,000 and refuses admittance to the remaining 8,000, who are forced to live in the no-man's land on the German-Polish frontier.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – In direct contravention of the recently signed <a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> circulates among his high command a secret memorandum stating that they should prepare for the "liquidation of the rest of <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>" and the occupation of <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Region" title="Klaipėda Region">Memel</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> <ul><li>French Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bonnet" title="Georges Bonnet">Georges Bonnet</a> carries out a major purge of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_International_Development_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development (France)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a>, dismissing or exiling a number of anti-appeasement officials such as <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Comert" title="Pierre Comert">Pierre Comert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Massigli" title="René Massigli">René Massigli</a>.</li> <li>At a "friendly luncheon" in <a href="/wiki/Berchtesgaden" title="Berchtesgaden">Berchtesgaden</a>, German foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a> tells <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Lipski" title="Józef Lipski">Józef Lipski</a>, the Polish ambassador to Germany, that the <a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Free City of Danzig</a> must return to Germany, that the Germans must be given extraterritorial rights in the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Corridor" title="Polish Corridor">Polish Corridor</a>, and that Poland must sign the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">DuPont</a> announces a name for its new synthetic yarn: "<a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">nylon</a>".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November">November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/November_1938" title="November 1938">November 1938</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_day_after_Kristallnacht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/The_day_after_Kristallnacht.jpg/250px-The_day_after_Kristallnacht.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/The_day_after_Kristallnacht.jpg/330px-The_day_after_Kristallnacht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/The_day_after_Kristallnacht.jpg/500px-The_day_after_Kristallnacht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1488" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a>-<a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">10</a>: <a href="/wiki/Night_of_Broken_Glass" class="mw-redirect" title="Night of Broken Glass">Night of Broken Glass</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – Arising from The Munich Agreement, Hungary is "<a href="/wiki/First_Vienna_Award" title="First Vienna Award">awarded</a>" the <a href="/wiki/Felvidek" class="mw-redirect" title="Felvidek">Felvidek</a> region of South <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruthenia" title="Ruthenia">Ruthenia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernst_vom_Rath" title="Ernst vom Rath">Ernst vom Rath</a>, the Third Secretary at the German Embassy in Paris, is assassinated by <a href="/wiki/Herschel_Grynszpan" title="Herschel Grynszpan">Herschel Grynszpan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a>: In Germany, the "night of broken glass" begins as <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazi</a> activists and sympathizers loot and burn Jewish businesses (the all night affair sees 7,500 Jewish businesses destroyed, 267 <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogues</a> burned, 91 Jews killed and at least 25,000 Jewish men arrested).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of several significant events on <a href="/wiki/9_November_in_German_history" title="9 November in German history">9 November in German history</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a> becomes the second president of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cel%C3%A2l_Bayar" title="Celâl Bayar">Celâl Bayar</a> forms the new government of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (10th government; Celal Bayar had served twice as a prime minister).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – French Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Paul Reynaud</a> brings into effect a series of laws aiming at improving French productivity (thus aiming to undo the economic weaknesses which led to Munich), and undoes most of the economic and social laws of the Popular Front.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/LSD" title="LSD">LSD</a> is first synthesized by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Hofmann" title="Albert Hofmann">Albert Hofmann</a> from ergotamine, at the Sandoz Laboratories in Basel.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">Trade union</a> members elect <a href="/wiki/John_L._Lewis" title="John L. Lewis">John L. Lewis</a>, as the first president of the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Industrial_Organizations" title="Congress of Industrial Organizations">Congress of Industrial Organizations</a> in the United States.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – French Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bonnet" title="Georges Bonnet">Georges Bonnet</a> informs <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_No%C3%ABl" title="Léon Noël">Léon Noël</a>, the French Ambassador to Poland, that France should find an excuse for terminating the 1921 Franco-Polish alliance.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> <ul><li>The Czechoslovak parliament elects <a href="/wiki/Emil_H%C3%A1cha" title="Emil Hácha">Emil Hácha</a> as the new president of Czechoslovakia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> and his Foreign Minister, Count <a href="/wiki/Galeazzo_Ciano" title="Galeazzo Ciano">Galeazzo Ciano</a>, order "spontaneous" demonstrations in the Italian Chamber of Deputies, demanding that France cede Tunisia, Nice, Corsica and French Somaliland to Italy. This begins an acute crisis in Franco-Italian relations, that lasts until <a href="/wiki/March" title="March">March</a> <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneliu_Zelea_Codreanu" title="Corneliu Zelea Codreanu">Corneliu Zelea Codreanu</a>, leader of the Romanian fascist <a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Iron Guard</a>, is murdered on the orders of King <a href="/wiki/Carol_II_of_Romania" title="Carol II of Romania">Carol II of Romania</a>. Officially, Codreanu and the 13 other Iron Guard leaders are "shot while trying to escape".</li> <li>A general strike is called in France by the <a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">French Communist Party</a>, to protest the laws of November 12.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/December_1938" title="December 1938">December 1938</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December" title="December">December</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> is <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine's "<a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Man of the Year</a>", as the most influential person of the year.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – Slovakia is granted the status of an autonomous state, under Catholic priest Fr. Joseph Tiso.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> – German Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a> visits Paris, where he is allegedly informed by French Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bonnet" title="Georges Bonnet">Georges Bonnet</a> that France now recognizes all of Eastern Europe as being in Germany's exclusive sphere of influence. Bonnet's alleged statement (he subsequently always denies making the remark) to Ribbentrop is a major factor in German policy in 1939.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_parliamentary_election,_1938" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia parliamentary election, 1938">Kingdom of Yugoslavia parliamentary election</a>: The opposition gains votes but not seats.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Neuengamme_concentration_camp" title="Neuengamme concentration camp">Neuengamme concentration camp</a> opens near <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> closes its border to refugees.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a> discovers the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">nuclear fission</a> of uranium, the scientific and technological basis of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a>, which marks the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_Age" title="Atomic Age">Atomic Age</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – A <a href="/wiki/Coelacanth" title="Coelacanth">coelacanth</a>, a fish thought to have been <a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a>, is caught off the coast of South Africa, near the <a href="/wiki/Chalumna_River" title="Chalumna River">Chalumna River</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – Leading Korean dancer <a href="/wiki/Choi_Seung-hee" title="Choi Seung-hee">Choi Seung-hee</a> arrives in <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> after her tour in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. This is to begin her European tour in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is the first <a href="/wiki/Korean_Wave" title="Korean Wave">Korean Wave</a> entertainer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – A massive avalanche of snow hits a construction worker dormitory site in <a href="/wiki/Kurobe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurobe">Kurobe</a>, Japan, killing 87 people.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Majlis <a href="/wiki/Khuddam-ul_Ahmadiyya" title="Khuddam-ul Ahmadiyya">Khuddam-ul Ahmadiyya</a> is established by <a href="/wiki/Khalifat-ul_Masih" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalifat-ul Masih">Khalifat-ul Masih</a> II, <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Basheer-ud-Din_Mahmood_Ahmad" title="Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad">Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad</a>, the second <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliph</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_Muslim_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadiyya Muslim Community">Ahmadiyya Muslim Community</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Walther_P38" title="Walther P38">Walther P38</a> pistol design is agreed to by the German military.</li> <li>The last <a href="/wiki/Schomburgk%27s_deer" title="Schomburgk's deer">Schomburgk's deer</a> in the wild is said to have been killed.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_E._Ives" title="Herbert E. Ives">Herbert E. Ives</a> and G. R. Stilwell execute the <a href="/wiki/Ives%E2%80%93Stilwell_experiment" title="Ives–Stilwell experiment">Ives–Stilwell experiment</a>, showing that <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ions</a> radiate at <a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequencies</a> affected by their motion.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Births" style="margin: auto; text-align: center; display: inline-block;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Births </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#January_2">January</a> · <a href="#February_2">February</a> · <a href="#March_2">March</a> · <a href="#April_2">April</a> · <a href="#May_2">May</a> · <a href="#June_2">June</a> · <a href="#July_2">July</a> · <a href="#August_2">August</a> · <a href="#September_2">September</a> · <a href="#October_2">October</a> · <a href="#November_2">November</a> · <a href="#December_2">December</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–February"><span id="January.E2.80.93February"></span>January–February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: January–February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rey_Juan_Carlos_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Rey_Juan_Carlos_2013.jpg/100px-Rey_Juan_Carlos_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Rey_Juan_Carlos_2013.jpg/150px-Rey_Juan_Carlos_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Rey_Juan_Carlos_2013.jpg/200px-Rey_Juan_Carlos_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="987" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Carlos I of Spain">Juan Carlos I of Spain</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Etta_James.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Etta_James.jpg/120px-Etta_James.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Etta_James.jpg/250px-Etta_James.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="503" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Etta_James" title="Etta James">Etta James</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prinses_Beatrix.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Prinses_Beatrix.jpg/100px-Prinses_Beatrix.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Prinses_Beatrix.jpg/150px-Prinses_Beatrix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Prinses_Beatrix.jpg/200px-Prinses_Beatrix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="5011" /></a><figcaption>Queen <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Beatrix of the Netherlands</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SzaboIstvan1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/SzaboIstvan1.jpg/100px-SzaboIstvan1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/SzaboIstvan1.jpg/150px-SzaboIstvan1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/SzaboIstvan1.jpg/200px-SzaboIstvan1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="441" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Szab%C3%B3" title="István Szabó">István Szabó</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Langella" title="Frank Langella">Frank Langella</a>, American actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goh_Kun" title="Goh Kun">Goh Kun</a>, Korean politician, Mayor of Seoul and 31st <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea">Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohumil_Nemecek" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohumil Nemecek">Bohumil Nemecek</a>, Czechoslovakian Olympic boxer (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Rahmat" title="Mohamed Rahmat">Mohamed Rahmat</a> ("Tok Mat"), Malaysian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Carlos I of Spain">Juan Carlos I of Spain</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o">Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o</a>, Kenyan writer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adriano_Celentano" title="Adriano Celentano">Adriano Celentano</a>, Italian singer-songwriter, musician, actor, and filmmaker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roland_Topor" title="Roland Topor">Roland Topor</a>, French illustrator (d. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Donald Knuth</a>, American mathematician and computer scientist<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shivkumar_Sharma" title="Shivkumar Sharma">Shivkumar Sharma</a>, Indian musician (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morihiro_Hosokawa" title="Morihiro Hosokawa">Morihiro Hosokawa</a>, Japanese politician, 50th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister of Japan</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Jones_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Jones (singer)">Jack Jones</a>, American singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Toussaint" title="Allen Toussaint">Allen Toussaint</a>, American musician, composer (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Baselitz" title="Georg Baselitz">Georg Baselitz</a>, German painter, sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etta_James" title="Etta James">Etta James</a>, African-American singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotaro_Ishinomori" title="Shotaro Ishinomori">Shotaro Ishinomori</a>, Japanese manga artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Vysotsky" title="Vladimir Vysotsky">Vladimir Vysotsky</a>, Russian singer-songwriter, poet and actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolanda_Ciani" title="Yolanda Ciani">Yolanda Ciani</a>, Mexican actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a>, Swedish biochemist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Tsurumi" title="Shuji Tsurumi">Shuji Tsurumi</a>, Japanese men's artistic gymnast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Islam_Karimov" title="Islam Karimov">Islam Karimov</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Uzbekistan" title="President of Uzbekistan">President of Uzbekistan</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> – Queen <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Beatrix of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Hemsley" title="Sherman Hemsley">Sherman Hemsley</a>, African-American comedian and actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pilar_Pellicer" title="Pilar Pellicer">Pilar Pellicer</a>, Mexican actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emile_Griffith" title="Emile Griffith">Emile Griffith</a>, American welterweight boxer (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Gammoudi" title="Mohammed Gammoudi">Mohammed Gammoudi</a>, Tunisian Olympic athlete<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Judy_Blume" title="Judy Blume">Judy Blume</a>, American author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Reed" title="Oliver Reed">Oliver Reed</a>, English actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Szab%C3%B3" title="István Szabó">István Szabó</a>, Hungarian film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Farentino" title="James Farentino">James Farentino</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Knight" title="Phil Knight">Phil Knight</a>, American sportswear entrepreneur<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Herb_Elliott" title="Herb Elliott">Herb Elliott</a>, Australian runner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pascale_Petit_(actress)" title="Pascale Petit (actress)">Pascale Petit</a>, French actress</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March–April"><span id="March.E2.80.93April"></span>March–April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: March–April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ricardo_Lagos_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ricardo_Lagos_2015.jpg/120px-Ricardo_Lagos_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ricardo_Lagos_2015.jpg/250px-Ricardo_Lagos_2015.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="1305" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Lagos_Escobar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricardo Lagos Escobar">Ricardo Lagos Escobar</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alpha_Conde_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Alpha_Conde_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg/100px-Alpha_Conde_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Alpha_Conde_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg/150px-Alpha_Conde_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Alpha_Conde_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg/200px-Alpha_Conde_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3592" data-file-height="5240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Cond%C3%A9" title="Alpha Condé">Alpha Condé</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kofi_Annan_2012_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Kofi_Annan_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Kofi_Annan_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Kofi_Annan_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Kofi_Annan_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2255" data-file-height="2828" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Claudia_Cardinale,_Women%27s_World_Awards_2009_b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Claudia_Cardinale%2C_Women%27s_World_Awards_2009_b.jpg/100px-Claudia_Cardinale%2C_Women%27s_World_Awards_2009_b.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Claudia_Cardinale%2C_Women%27s_World_Awards_2009_b.jpg/150px-Claudia_Cardinale%2C_Women%27s_World_Awards_2009_b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Claudia_Cardinale%2C_Women%27s_World_Awards_2009_b.jpg/200px-Claudia_Cardinale%2C_Women%27s_World_Awards_2009_b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1711" data-file-height="2479" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Cardinale" title="Claudia Cardinale">Claudia Cardinale</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tufuga_Efi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tufuga Efi">Tufuga Efi</a>, Samoa political figure, 3rd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Samoa" title="Prime Minister of Samoa">Prime Minister of Samoa</a> and <a href="/wiki/O_le_Ao_o_le_Malo" title="O le Ao o le Malo">O le Ao o le Malo</a> of Samoa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Lagos_Escobar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricardo Lagos Escobar">Ricardo Lagos Escobar</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Chile" title="President of Chile">President of Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Cond%C3%A9" title="Alpha Condé">Alpha Condé</a>, 4th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Guinea">President of Guinea</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Prentiss" title="Paula Prentiss">Paula Prentiss</a>, American actress</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fred_Williamson" title="Fred Williamson">Fred Williamson</a>, American football player and actor<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a>, American biologist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dumitru_F%C4%83rca%C8%99" title="Dumitru Fărcaș">Dumitru Fărcaș</a>, Romanian <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1rogat%C3%B3" title="Tárogató">tárogató</a> player (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Árpád Orbán">Árpád Orbán</a>, Hungarian footballer (d. 2008)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Nureyev" title="Rudolf Nureyev">Rudolf Nureyev</a>, Russian-born dancer, choreographer (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_O%27Brien" title="Keith O'Brien">Keith O'Brien</a>, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Edinburgh (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timo_M%C3%A4kinen" title="Timo Mäkinen">Timo Mäkinen</a>, Finnish racing driver (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashi_Kapoor" title="Shashi Kapoor">Shashi Kapoor</a>, Indian actor, director, and producer (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">March 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Tenco" title="Luigi Tenco">Luigi Tenco</a>, Italian singer-songwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Irving" title="David Irving">David Irving</a>, English author and Holocaust denier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Axton" title="Hoyt Axton">Hoyt Axton</a>, American country music singer, songwriter and actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Anthony James Leggett</a>, American physicist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize</a> laureate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_30" title="March 30">March 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Schwab" title="Klaus Schwab">Klaus Schwab</a>, German economist, founder of the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Dikshit" title="Sheila Dikshit">Sheila Dikshit</a>, Indian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Hubbard" title="Freddie Hubbard">Freddie Hubbard</a>, American jazz trumpeter (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a>, Ghanaian <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General of the United Nations</a>, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Chernomyrdin" title="Viktor Chernomyrdin">Viktor Chernomyrdin</a>, Russian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Moll" title="Kurt Moll">Kurt Moll</a>, German operatic bass (d. 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Cardinale" title="Claudia Cardinale">Claudia Cardinale</a>, Tunisian-born Italian actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kasdi_Merbah" title="Kasdi Merbah">Kasdi Merbah</a>, Algerian politician, 4th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Algeria" title="Prime Minister of Algeria">Prime Minister of Algeria</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Betty_Cuthbert" title="Betty Cuthbert">Betty Cuthbert</a>, Australian track athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Issey_Miyake" title="Issey Miyake">Issey Miyake</a>, Japanese fashion designer<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nino_Benvenuti" title="Nino Benvenuti">Nino Benvenuti</a>, Italian Olympic boxer<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duane_Eddy" title="Duane Eddy">Duane Eddy</a>, American rock guitarist (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Madge_Sinclair" title="Madge Sinclair">Madge Sinclair</a>, Jamaican-American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Madoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Madoff">Bernard Madoff</a>, American financial fraudster (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a>, American author</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May–June"><span id="May.E2.80.93June"></span>May–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: May–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moshoeshoe_II_van_Lesotho.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Moshoeshoe_II_van_Lesotho.jpg/100px-Moshoeshoe_II_van_Lesotho.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Moshoeshoe_II_van_Lesotho.jpg/150px-Moshoeshoe_II_van_Lesotho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Moshoeshoe_II_van_Lesotho.jpg/200px-Moshoeshoe_II_van_Lesotho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1466" data-file-height="1955" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Moshoeshoe_II_of_Lesotho" title="Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho">Moshoeshoe II</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giuliano_Amato_-_Festival_Economia_2013.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Giuliano_Amato_-_Festival_Economia_2013.JPG/100px-Giuliano_Amato_-_Festival_Economia_2013.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Giuliano_Amato_-_Festival_Economia_2013.JPG/150px-Giuliano_Amato_-_Festival_Economia_2013.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Giuliano_Amato_-_Festival_Economia_2013.JPG/200px-Giuliano_Amato_-_Festival_Economia_2013.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2068" data-file-height="2588" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Amato" title="Giuliano Amato">Giuliano Amato</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prinsessan_D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Prinsessan_D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Prinsessan_D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Prinsessan_D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Prinsessan_D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Prinsessan_D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Prinsessan_D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Princess_D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e,_Baroness_Silfverschi%C3%B6ld" title="Princess Désirée, Baroness Silfverschiöld">Princess Désirée</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kathryn_Beaumont._Alice_in_Wonderland_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Kathryn_Beaumont._Alice_in_Wonderland_2.png/100px-Kathryn_Beaumont._Alice_in_Wonderland_2.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Kathryn_Beaumont._Alice_in_Wonderland_2.png/150px-Kathryn_Beaumont._Alice_in_Wonderland_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Kathryn_Beaumont._Alice_in_Wonderland_2.png/200px-Kathryn_Beaumont._Alice_in_Wonderland_2.png 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="412" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Beaumont" title="Kathryn Beaumont">Kathryn Beaumont</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Moshoeshoe_II_of_Lesotho" title="Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho">Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carroll_Cole" title="Carroll Cole">Carroll Cole</a>, American serial killer (d. 1985)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Amato" title="Giuliano Amato">Giuliano Amato</a>, 48th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marco_Aurelio_Denegri" title="Marco Aurelio Denegri">Marco Aurelio Denegri</a>, Peruvian literature critic, television host and sexologist (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Girish_Karnad" title="Girish Karnad">Girish Karnad</a>, Indian actor, screenwriter and playwright (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Susan_Strasberg" title="Susan Strasberg">Susan Strasberg</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Buster" title="Prince Buster">Prince Buster</a>, Jamaican singer-songwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Bolcom" title="William Bolcom">William Bolcom</a>, American composer and arranger</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Stratas" title="Teresa Stratas">Teresa Stratas</a>, Canadian operatic soprano<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_West" title="Jerry West">Jerry West</a>, American basketball player and executive (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Bell_(film_producer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dale Bell (film producer)">Dale Bell</a>, American TV producer<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e,_Baroness_Silfverschi%C3%B6ld" title="Princess Désirée, Baroness Silfverschiöld">Princess Désirée, Baroness Silfverschiöld</a>, Princess of Sweden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karin_Balzer" title="Karin Balzer">Karin Balzer</a>, German athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abulfaz_Elchibey" title="Abulfaz Elchibey">Abulfaz Elchibey</a>, Azerbaijani political figure, 2nd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Azerbaijan" title="President of Azerbaijan">President of Azerbaijan</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_Velho_da_Costa" title="Maria Velho da Costa">Maria Velho da Costa</a>, Portuguese writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Beaumont" title="Kathryn Beaumont">Kathryn Beaumont</a>, British actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Billy_Mills" title="Billy Mills">Billy Mills</a>, American Olympic athlete<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–August"><span id="July.E2.80.93August"></span>July–August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: July–August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diana_Rigg_1973_Cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Diana_Rigg_1973_Cropped.jpg/120px-Diana_Rigg_1973_Cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Diana_Rigg_1973_Cropped.jpg/250px-Diana_Rigg_1973_Cropped.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Diana_Rigg" title="Diana Rigg">Diana Rigg</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Natalie_Wood_publicity_1963.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Natalie_Wood_publicity_1963.jpg/100px-Natalie_Wood_publicity_1963.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Natalie_Wood_publicity_1963.jpg/150px-Natalie_Wood_publicity_1963.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Natalie_Wood_publicity_1963.jpg/200px-Natalie_Wood_publicity_1963.jpg 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="929" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Wood" title="Natalie Wood">Natalie Wood</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Visit_of_Alberto_Fujimori,_President_of_Peru,_to_the_CEC_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Visit_of_Alberto_Fujimori%2C_President_of_Peru%2C_to_the_CEC_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Visit_of_Alberto_Fujimori%2C_President_of_Peru%2C_to_the_CEC_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Visit_of_Alberto_Fujimori%2C_President_of_Peru%2C_to_the_CEC_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Visit_of_Alberto_Fujimori%2C_President_of_Peru%2C_to_the_CEC_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Visit_of_Alberto_Fujimori%2C_President_of_Peru%2C_to_the_CEC_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Visit_of_Alberto_Fujimori%2C_President_of_Peru%2C_to_the_CEC_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="826" data-file-height="1101" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Alberto Fujimori</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leonid_Kuchma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Leonid_Kuchma.jpg/100px-Leonid_Kuchma.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Leonid_Kuchma.jpg/150px-Leonid_Kuchma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Leonid_Kuchma.jpg/200px-Leonid_Kuchma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="523" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kuchma" title="Leonid Kuchma">Leonid Kuchma</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KennyRogers0042-rededit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/KennyRogers0042-rededit.jpg/100px-KennyRogers0042-rededit.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/KennyRogers0042-rededit.jpg/150px-KennyRogers0042-rededit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/KennyRogers0042-rededit.jpg/200px-KennyRogers0042-rededit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="937" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Rogers" title="Kenny Rogers">Kenny Rogers</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Martin_in_2011_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Paul_Martin_in_2011_crop.jpg/120px-Paul_Martin_in_2011_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Paul_Martin_in_2011_crop.jpg/250px-Paul_Martin_in_2011_crop.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2339" data-file-height="3114" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin">Paul Martin</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hariprasad_Chaurasia" title="Hariprasad Chaurasia">Hariprasad Chaurasia</a>, Indian classical flutist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_Yeung" title="Bolo Yeung">Bolo Yeung</a>, Hong Kong actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sjaak_Swart" title="Sjaak Swart">Sjaak Swart</a>, Dutch footballer<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bill_Withers" title="Bill Withers">Bill Withers</a>, African-American singer-songwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Brian_Dennehy" title="Brian Dennehy">Brian Dennehy</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Figuerola" title="Enrique Figuerola">Enrique Figuerola</a>, Cuban sprinter<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Verhoeven" title="Paul Verhoeven">Paul Verhoeven</a>, Dutch film director<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jayant_Narlikar" title="Jayant Narlikar">Jayant Narlikar</a>, Indian astrophysicist<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Rigg" title="Diana Rigg">Diana Rigg</a>, English actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Wood" title="Natalie Wood">Natalie Wood</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Janet_Reno" title="Janet Reno">Janet Reno</a>, American lawyer, U.S. Attorney General under <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Terence_Stamp" title="Terence Stamp">Terence Stamp</a>, English actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gary_Gygax" title="Gary Gygax">Gary Gygax</a>, American author, game designer (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Aragon%C3%A9s" title="Luis Aragonés">Luis Aragonés</a>, Spanish football player, manager (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Alberto Fujimori</a>, Peruvian politician and dictator, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Peru" title="President of Peru">President of Peru</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuan_Leekpai" title="Chuan Leekpai">Chuan Leekpai</a>, Thai politician, 20th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">Prime Minister of Thailand</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jennings" title="Peter Jennings">Peter Jennings</a>, Canadian-American journalist (d. 2005)<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Sokoine" title="Edward Sokoine">Edward Sokoine</a>, 2nd Prime Minister of Tanzania (d. <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Far_Yak%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Yaşar Yakış">Yaşar Yakış</a>, Turkish politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – Sir <a href="/wiki/Terry_Wogan" title="Terry Wogan">Terry Wogan</a>, Irish radio broadcaster, television presenter/personality (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Nguza_Karl-i-Bond" title="Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond">Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond</a>, Zairian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Connie_Stevens" title="Connie Stevens">Connie Stevens</a>, American actress, singer and businesswoman<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Girardon" title="Michèle Girardon">Michèle Girardon</a>, French actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kuchma" title="Leonid Kuchma">Leonid Kuchma</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">President of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Laver" title="Rod Laver">Rod Laver</a>, Australian tennis player<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nagat_El-Sagheera" title="Nagat El-Sagheera">Nagat</a>, Egyptian singer and actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Seymour" title="Naomi Seymour">Naomi Seymour</a>, Bahamian politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bennie_Muller" title="Bennie Muller">Bennie Muller</a>, Dutch footballer (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Breyer" title="Stephen Breyer">Stephen Breyer</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxine_Waters" title="Maxine Waters">Maxine Waters</a>, US Representative</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Rakotovahiny" title="Emmanuel Rakotovahiny">Emmanuel Rakotovahiny</a>, 8th Prime Minister of Madagascar (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Valentin_Mankin" title="Valentin Mankin">Valentin Mankin</a>, Ukrainian Soviet sailor, Olympic triple champion and silver medalist (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Andere" title="Jacqueline Andere">Jacqueline Andere</a>, Mexican actress<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Vivien" title="Alain Vivien">Alain Vivien</a>, French politician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">August 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Rogers" title="Kenny Rogers">Kenny Rogers</a>, American country singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Bl%C3%B6ndal" title="Halldór Blöndal">Halldór Blöndal</a>, Icelandic politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin">Paul Martin</a>, 21st <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Gould" title="Elliott Gould">Elliott Gould</a>, American actor</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September–October"><span id="September.E2.80.93October"></span>September–October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: September–October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wim_Kok_1994.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Wim_Kok_1994.jpg/120px-Wim_Kok_1994.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Wim_Kok_1994.jpg/250px-Wim_Kok_1994.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1535" data-file-height="2126" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wim_Kok" title="Wim Kok">Wim Kok</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shahbanu_of_Iran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Shahbanu_of_Iran.jpg/120px-Shahbanu_of_Iran.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Shahbanu_of_Iran.jpg/250px-Shahbanu_of_Iran.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5773" data-file-height="7290" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Farah_Diba" class="mw-redirect" title="Farah Diba">Farah Diba</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Derek_Jacobi_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Derek_Jacobi_2013.jpg/100px-Derek_Jacobi_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Derek_Jacobi_2013.jpg/150px-Derek_Jacobi_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Derek_Jacobi_2013.jpg/200px-Derek_Jacobi_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="641" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christopher_Lloyd_May_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Christopher_Lloyd_May_2015.jpg/100px-Christopher_Lloyd_May_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Christopher_Lloyd_May_2015.jpg/150px-Christopher_Lloyd_May_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Christopher_Lloyd_May_2015.jpg/200px-Christopher_Lloyd_May_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="2536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lloyd" title="Christopher Lloyd">Christopher Lloyd</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Dershowitz" title="Alan Dershowitz">Alan Dershowitz</a>, American lawyer and academic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Gemma" title="Giuliano Gemma">Giuliano Gemma</a>, Italian actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryōji Noyori</a>, Japanese chemist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel</a> laureate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Oppenheim" title="Dennis Oppenheim">Dennis Oppenheim</a>, American artist (d. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tomasi_Puapua" title="Tomasi Puapua">Tomasi Puapua</a>, Tuvaluan politician, 2nd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tuvalu" title="Prime Minister of Tuvalu">Prime Minister of Tuvalu</a> and 6th <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Tuvalu" title="Governor-General of Tuvalu">Governor-General of Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Romy_Schneider" title="Romy Schneider">Romy Schneider</a>, German-French actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celestino_Rocha_da_Costa" title="Celestino Rocha da Costa">Celestino Rocha da Costa</a>, 2nd Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Motzfeldt" title="Jonathan Motzfeldt">Jonathan Motzfeldt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greenland" title="Prime Minister of Greenland">Prime Minister of Greenland</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ben_E._King" title="Ben E. King">Ben E. King</a>, American singer-songwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wim_Kok" title="Wim Kok">Wim Kok</a>, Dutch politician, 48th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister of the Netherlands</a> from 1994 until 2002 (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stella_Stevens" title="Stella Stevens">Stella Stevens</a>, American actress and model (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Cochran" title="Eddie Cochran">Eddie Cochran</a>, American rock and roll singer (d. <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Pablo_Kuczynski" title="Pedro Pablo Kuczynski">Pedro Pablo Kuczynski</a>, Peruvian entrepreneur and politician, 66th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Peru" title="President of Peru">President of Peru</a><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a>, Swiss chemist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize</a> laureate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bronislovas_Lubys" title="Bronislovas Lubys">Bronislovas Lubys</a>, 5th Prime Minister of Lithuania (d. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Farah_Diba" class="mw-redirect" title="Farah Diba">Farah Diba</a>, Empress of Iran</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fela_Kuti" title="Fela Kuti">Fela Kuti</a>, Nigerian musician, activist (d. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nico" title="Nico">Nico</a>, German-American singer (d. <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Evel_Knievel" title="Evel Knievel">Evel Knievel</a>, American motorcycle daredevil (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dawn_Wells" title="Dawn Wells">Dawn Wells</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a>, English actor and director<sup id="cite_ref-ContemporaryBooks1990_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ContemporaryBooks1990-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lloyd" title="Christopher Lloyd">Christopher Lloyd</a>, American actor<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bakshi" title="Ralph Bakshi">Ralph Bakshi</a>, Israeli cartoonist, film director, and video producer<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a>, 24th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Liberia" title="President of Liberia">President of Liberia</a><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November–December"><span id="November.E2.80.93December"></span>November–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: November–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spain.QueenSofia.01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Spain.QueenSofia.01.jpg/100px-Spain.QueenSofia.01.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Spain.QueenSofia.01.jpg/150px-Spain.QueenSofia.01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Spain.QueenSofia.01.jpg/200px-Spain.QueenSofia.01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Queen_Sof%C3%ADa_of_Spain" title="Queen Sofía of Spain">Queen Sofía of Spain</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_Mkapa_2010-05-07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Benjamin_Mkapa_2010-05-07.jpg/100px-Benjamin_Mkapa_2010-05-07.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Benjamin_Mkapa_2010-05-07.jpg/150px-Benjamin_Mkapa_2010-05-07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Benjamin_Mkapa_2010-05-07.jpg/200px-Benjamin_Mkapa_2010-05-07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa">Benjamin Mkapa</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jon_Voight_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Jon_Voight_2012.jpg/120px-Jon_Voight_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Jon_Voight_2012.jpg/250px-Jon_Voight_2012.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1248" data-file-height="1656" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jon_Voight" title="Jon Voight">Jon Voight</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a>, American conservative political operative, journalist, pundit and one-time presidential candidate<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Sof%C3%ADa_of_Spain" title="Queen Sofía of Spain">Queen Sofía of Spain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Dassin" title="Joe Dassin">Joe Dassin</a>, French singer (d. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionatana_Ionatana" title="Ionatana Ionatana">Ionatana Ionatana</a>, 5th Prime Minister of Tuvalu (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Luis_Menotti" title="César Luis Menotti">César Luis Menotti</a>, Argentine football coach (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Satch_Sanders" title="Satch Sanders">Satch Sanders</a>, American basketball player<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa" title="Benjamin Mkapa">Benjamin Mkapa</a>, 3rd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Tanzania">President of Tanzania</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Seberg" title="Jean Seberg">Jean Seberg</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Robert Nozick</a>, American philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Lightfoot" title="Gordon Lightfoot">Gordon Lightfoot</a>, Canadian folk singer-songwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Obeidat" title="Ahmad Obeidat">Ahmad Obeidat</a>, Prime Minister of Jordan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Ratsirahonana" title="Norbert Ratsirahonana">Norbert Ratsirahonana</a>, 9th Prime Minister of Madagascar</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a>, American entrepreneur<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dick_Smothers" title="Dick Smothers">Dick Smothers</a>, American actor and comedian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Helen_(actress)" title="Helen (actress)">Helen</a>, Indian actress and dancer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Robertson" title="Oscar Robertson">Oscar Robertson</a>, African-American basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/J._J._Cale" title="J. J. Cale">J. J. Cale</a>, American singer-songwriter, guitarist (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Kufuor" title="John Kufuor">John Kofi Agyekum Kufuor</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ghana" title="President of Ghana">President of Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heino" title="Heino">Heino</a>, German singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Wasmosy" title="Juan Carlos Wasmosy">Juan Carlos Wasmosy</a>, 48th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Paraguay" title="President of Paraguay">President of Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Liv_Ullmann" title="Liv Ullmann">Liv Ullmann</a>, Norwegian actress<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Snell" title="Peter Snell">Peter Snell</a>, New Zealand athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Bob Kahn</a>, American Internet pioneer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lagumot_Harris" title="Lagumot Harris">Lagumot Harris</a>, Nauruan politician, President (d. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">December 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jon_Voight" title="Jon Voight">Jon Voight</a>, American actor<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_2">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_Ould_Cheikh_Abdallahi" title="Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi">Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi</a>, President of Mauritania (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafazzul_Haque_Habiganji" class="mw-redirect" title="Tafazzul Haque Habiganji">Tafazzul Haque Habiganji</a>, Bangladeshi Islamic scholar and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January_2">January</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_Nicholas_of_Greece_and_Denmark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Prince_Nicholas_of_Greece_and_Denmark.jpg/100px-Prince_Nicholas_of_Greece_and_Denmark.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Prince_Nicholas_of_Greece_and_Denmark.jpg/150px-Prince_Nicholas_of_Greece_and_Denmark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Prince_Nicholas_of_Greece_and_Denmark.jpg/200px-Prince_Nicholas_of_Greece_and_Denmark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1722" data-file-height="2066" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prince_Nicholas_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark">Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andreas_Michalakopoulos_1927.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Andreas_Michalakopoulos_1927.jpg/100px-Andreas_Michalakopoulos_1927.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Andreas_Michalakopoulos_1927.jpg/150px-Andreas_Michalakopoulos_1927.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Andreas_Michalakopoulos_1927.jpg/200px-Andreas_Michalakopoulos_1927.jpg 2x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="388" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Michalakopoulos" title="Andreas Michalakopoulos">Andreas Michalakopoulos</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Victor_Deligny" title="Henry Victor Deligny">Henry Victor Deligny</a>, French general (b. <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Berutti" title="Arturo Berutti">Arturo Berutti</a>, Argentinian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paola_Drigo" title="Paola Drigo">Paola Drigo</a>, Italian novelist (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karel_Baxa" title="Karel Baxa">Karel Baxa</a>, Czechoslovakian politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_Rohlfs" title="Christian Rohlfs">Christian Rohlfs</a>, German painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1849" title="1849">1849</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Gruelle" title="Johnny Gruelle">Johnny Gruelle</a>, American cartoonist and children's book author (b. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isidore_Konti" title="Isidore Konti">Isidore Konti</a>, Austrian-born Hungarian sculptor (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jaakko_M%C3%A4ki" title="Jaakko Mäki">Jaakko Mäki</a>, Finnish politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Beneshevich" title="Vladimir Beneshevich">Vladimir Beneshevich</a>, Soviet scholar, martyr (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Cohl" title="Émile Cohl">Émile Cohl</a>, French caricaturist, animator (b. <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiang_(warlord)" title="Liu Xiang (warlord)">Liu Xiang</a>, Chinese general (b. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georges_M%C3%A9li%C3%A8s" title="Georges Méliès">Georges Méliès</a>, French film director (b. <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Buturlin" title="Sergei Buturlin">Sergei Buturlin</a>, Soviet ornithologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/J._P._Dahl%C3%A9n" title="J. P. Dahlén">J. P. Dahlén</a>, Swedish worker, politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bernd_Rosemeyer" title="Bernd Rosemeyer">Bernd Rosemeyer</a>, German racing driver (b. <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Armando_Palacio_Vald%C3%A9s" title="Armando Palacio Valdés">Armando Palacio Valdés</a>, Spanish writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marcella_Cosgrave" title="Marcella Cosgrave">Marcella Cosgrave</a>, Irish nationalist leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February_2">February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmund_Landau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Edmund_Landau.jpg/100px-Edmund_Landau.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Edmund_Landau.jpg/150px-Edmund_Landau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Edmund_Landau.jpg/200px-Edmund_Landau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Landau" title="Edmund Landau">Edmund Landau</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Auriol" title="George Auriol">George Auriol</a>, French poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Firestone" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvey Firestone">Harvey Firestone</a>, American tire manufacturer (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Nicholas_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark">Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Caprotti" title="Arturo Caprotti">Arturo Caprotti</a>, Italian engineer, architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalle_Korhonen" title="Kalle Korhonen">Kalle Korhonen</a>, Finnish politician (executed) (b. 1878)<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Twardowski" title="Kazimierz Twardowski">Kazimierz Twardowski</a>, Polish philosopher, logician (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hal_De_Forrest" class="mw-redirect" title="Hal De Forrest">Hal De Forrest</a>, Portuguese-born American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Lugones" title="Leopoldo Lugones">Leopoldo Lugones</a>, Argentine writer, journalist (b. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Landau" title="Edmund Landau">Edmund Landau</a>, German mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1877" title="1877">1877</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matvei_Petrovich_Bronstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Matvei Petrovich Bronstein">Matvei Petrovich Bronstein</a>, Soviet physicist (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March_2">March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cevat_Pasha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cevat_Pasha.jpg/100px-Cevat_Pasha.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cevat_Pasha.jpg/150px-Cevat_Pasha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cevat_Pasha.jpg/200px-Cevat_Pasha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="1133" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cevat_%C3%87obanl%C4%B1" title="Cevat Çobanlı">Cevat Çobanlı</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg/100px-%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg/150px-%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg/200px-%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1210" data-file-height="1314" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lidia_Charskaya" title="Lidia Charskaya">Lidia Charskaya</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laksminath_Bezbaruah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Laksminath_Bezbaruah.jpg/120px-Laksminath_Bezbaruah.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Laksminath_Bezbaruah.jpg/250px-Laksminath_Bezbaruah.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lakshminath_Bezbaroa" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakshminath Bezbaroa">Lakshminath Bezbaroa</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gabriele_D%27Annunzio" title="Gabriele D'Annunzio">Gabriele D'Annunzio</a>, Italian writer, war hero, and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Blomfield" title="William Blomfield">William Blomfield</a>, New Zealand cartoonist (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Michalakopoulos" title="Andreas Michalakopoulos">Andreas Michalakopoulos</a>, Greek politician, 47th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Prime Minister of Greece</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ahn_Changho" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahn Changho">Ahn Changho</a>, Korean independence activist (b. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lyda_Roberti" title="Lyda Roberti">Lyda Roberti</a>, Polish actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cevat_%C3%87obanl%C4%B1" title="Cevat Çobanlı">Cevat Çobanlı</a>, Ottoman military commander, Turkish army officer (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Darrow" title="Clarence Darrow">Clarence Darrow</a>, American attorney (b. <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wang_Mingzhang" title="Wang Mingzhang">Wang Mingzhang</a>, Chinese general of the <a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army" title="National Revolutionary Army">National Revolutionary Army</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Rykov" title="Alexei Rykov">Alexei Rykov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of Russia">Premier of Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Premier of the Soviet Union">Premier of the Soviet Union</a> (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bukharin" title="Nikolai Bukharin">Nikolai Bukharin</a>, Soviet politician (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genrikh_Yagoda" title="Genrikh Yagoda">Genrikh Yagoda</a>, Soviet police and intelligence official (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lidia_Charskaya" title="Lidia Charskaya">Lidia Charskaya</a>, Soviet actress, writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Magzhan_Zhumabayev" title="Magzhan Zhumabayev">Magzhan Zhumabayev</a>, Soviet writer, pedagogue (b. <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Burrell" title="Martin Burrell">Martin Burrell</a>, Canadian politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Malinov" title="Aleksandar Malinov">Aleksandar Malinov</a>, 17th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">Prime Minister of Bulgaria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lakshminath_Bezbaroa" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakshminath Bezbaroa">Lakshminath Bezbaroa</a>, Indian writer, dramatist, novelist, poet and editor (b. <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Stern_(psychologist)" title="William Stern (psychologist)">William Stern</a>, German psychologist, philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_M._Winslow" title="Helen M. Winslow">Helen M. Winslow</a>, American editor, author, and publisher (b. <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zheng_Xiaoxu" title="Zheng Xiaoxu">Zheng Xiaoxu</a>, Chinese statesman, diplomat and calligrapher, first <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Manchukuo" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Manchukuo">Prime Minister of Manchukuo</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1860" title="1860">1860</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Bloch_(aviator)" title="Marcel Bloch (aviator)">Marcel Bloch</a>, Swiss aviator (b. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April_2">April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khoren_I_of_Armenia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Khoren_I_of_Armenia.jpg/100px-Khoren_I_of_Armenia.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Khoren_I_of_Armenia.jpg/150px-Khoren_I_of_Armenia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Khoren_I_of_Armenia.jpg/200px-Khoren_I_of_Armenia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="942" /></a><figcaption>Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Khoren_I_of_Armenia" title="Khoren I of Armenia">Khoren I of Armenia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cesar_vallejo_1929_RestauradabyJohnManuel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cesar_vallejo_1929_RestauradabyJohnManuel.jpg/100px-Cesar_vallejo_1929_RestauradabyJohnManuel.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cesar_vallejo_1929_RestauradabyJohnManuel.jpg/150px-Cesar_vallejo_1929_RestauradabyJohnManuel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cesar_vallejo_1929_RestauradabyJohnManuel.jpg/200px-Cesar_vallejo_1929_RestauradabyJohnManuel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Vallejo" title="César Vallejo">César Vallejo</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis-Henri_Foreau" title="Louis-Henri Foreau">Louis-Henri Foreau</a>, French painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hermanus_Johannes_Lovink" title="Hermanus Johannes Lovink">Hermanus Johannes Lovink</a>, Dutch agriculturist and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Khoren_I_of_Armenia" title="Khoren I of Armenia">Khoren I of Armenia</a>, Catholicos of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a> and patriarch (b. <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/King_Oliver" title="King Oliver">King Oliver</a>, American jazz musician (b. <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Carrasco_Formiguera" title="Manuel Carrasco Formiguera">Manuel Carrasco Formiguera</a>, Spanish lawyer, politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Chaliapin" title="Feodor Chaliapin">Feodor Chaliapin</a>, Soviet bass (b. <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gillis_Grafstr%C3%B6m" title="Gillis Grafström">Gillis Grafström</a>, Swedish figure skater (b. <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Vallejo" title="César Vallejo">César Vallejo</a>, Peruvian poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Steve_Bloomer" title="Steve Bloomer">Steve Bloomer</a>, English footballer (b. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Graf_von_Scheuchenstuel" title="Viktor Graf von Scheuchenstuel">Viktor Graf von Scheuchenstuel</a>, Austro-Hungarian general (b. <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Majid_Afandiyev" title="Sultan Majid Afandiyev">Sultan Majid Afandiyev</a>, Soviet revolutionary, statesman (b. <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a>, Indian philosopher, poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1877" title="1877">1877</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tochowski" title="Aleksander Świętochowski">Aleksander Świętochowski</a>, Polish writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1849" title="1849">1849</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Edmund Husserl</a>, Austrian philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May_2">May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_von_Ossietzky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Carl_von_Ossietzky.jpg/100px-Carl_von_Ossietzky.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Carl_von_Ossietzky.jpg/150px-Carl_von_Ossietzky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Carl_von_Ossietzky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="183" data-file-height="268" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky" title="Carl von Ossietzky">Carl von Ossietzky</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cao_Kun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Cao_Kun.jpg/100px-Cao_Kun.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Cao_Kun.jpg/150px-Cao_Kun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Cao_Kun.jpg/200px-Cao_Kun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="690" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cao_Kun" title="Cao Kun">Cao Kun</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky" title="Carl von Ossietzky">Carl von Ossietzky</a>, German pacifist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Victor_Cavendish,_9th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire">Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire</a>, British politician and <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General of Canada</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Octavian_Goga" title="Octavian Goga">Octavian Goga</a>, 37th Prime Minister of Romania (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_B._Thrige" title="Thomas B. Thrige">Thomas B. Thrige</a>, Danish industrialist (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Abrah%C3%A3o_Botto" title="Benjamin Abrahão Botto">Benjamin Abrahão Botto</a>, Brazilian photographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cary_D._Landis" title="Cary D. Landis">Cary D. Landis</a>, American attorney and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Charles Édouard Guillaume</a>, French physicist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (b. <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Cabanellas" title="Miguel Cabanellas">Miguel Cabanellas</a>, Spanish army officer (b. <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cao_Kun" title="Cao Kun">Cao Kun</a>, 6th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">President of the Republic of China</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Bayly_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Lewis Bayly (Royal Navy officer)">Lewis Bayly</a>, British admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Mrkvi%C4%8Dka" title="Ivan Mrkvička">Ivan Mrkvička</a>, Czechoslovakian-born Bulgarian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1856" title="1856">1856</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Babushkin" title="Mikhail Babushkin">Mikhail Babushkin</a>, Soviet polar aviator (b. <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Glackens" title="William Glackens">William Glackens</a>, American painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Colliander" title="Rafael Colliander">Rafael Colliander</a>, Finnish journalist, politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Abel" title="John Jacob Abel">John Jacob Abel</a>, American pharmacologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dale_Bell_(film_producer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dale Bell (film producer)">Dale Bell</a>, American TV producer<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Fleta" title="Miguel Fleta">Miguel Fleta</a>, Spanish tenor (b. <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_2">June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kirchner_1919_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Kirchner_1919_portrait.jpg/120px-Kirchner_1919_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Kirchner_1919_portrait.jpg/250px-Kirchner_1919_portrait.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ludwig_Kirchner" title="Ernst Ludwig Kirchner">Ernst Ludwig Kirchner</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edith_Anne_Stoney.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Edith_Anne_Stoney.jpg/100px-Edith_Anne_Stoney.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Edith_Anne_Stoney.jpg/150px-Edith_Anne_Stoney.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Edith_Anne_Stoney.jpg/200px-Edith_Anne_Stoney.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="1420" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edith_Anne_Stoney" title="Edith Anne Stoney">Edith Anne Stoney</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maria_Obligado.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Maria_Obligado.jpg/100px-Maria_Obligado.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Maria_Obligado.jpg/150px-Maria_Obligado.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Maria_Obligado.jpg/200px-Maria_Obligado.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="237" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Obligado_de_Soto_y_Calvo" title="María Obligado de Soto y Calvo">María Obligado de Soto y Calvo</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tulio_Febres_Cordero" title="Tulio Febres Cordero">Tulio Febres Cordero</a>, Venezuelan writer, journalist (b. <a href="/wiki/1860" title="1860">1860</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Bystrom_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscar Bystrom (actor)">Oscar Bystrom</a>, Swedish actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jen%C5%91_Dsida" title="Jenő Dsida">Jenő Dsida</a>, Hungarian poet, translator (b. <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ludwig_Kirchner" title="Ernst Ludwig Kirchner">Ernst Ludwig Kirchner</a>, German painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">June 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Obligado_de_Soto_y_Calvo" title="María Obligado de Soto y Calvo">María Obligado de Soto y Calvo</a>, Argentinian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mathilde_Comont" title="Mathilde Comont">Mathilde Comont</a>, French-born American actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edith_Anne_Stoney" title="Edith Anne Stoney">Edith Anne Stoney</a>, Irish physicist (b. <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Weldon_Johnson" title="James Weldon Johnson">James Weldon Johnson</a>, American author, politician, and diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Ben-Yosef" title="Shlomo Ben-Yosef">Shlomo Ben-Yosef</a>, Israeli Zionist leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_2">July</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Mary_of_Romania_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Queen_Mary_of_Romania_2.jpg/120px-Queen_Mary_of_Romania_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Queen_Mary_of_Romania_2.jpg/250px-Queen_Mary_of_Romania_2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5238" data-file-height="8163" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Romania" title="Marie of Romania">Queen Marie of Romania</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Daumery" title="Carrie Daumery">Carrie Daumery</a>, Dutch-born American actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_James_Burnet" title="John James Burnet">Sir John James Burnet</a>, British architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Bauer" title="Otto Bauer">Otto Bauer</a>, Austrian Social Democratic politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Lenglen" title="Suzanne Lenglen">Suzanne Lenglen</a>, French tennis champion (b. <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_N._Cardozo" title="Benjamin N. Cardozo">Benjamin N. Cardozo</a>, United States Supreme Court Justice (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Barclay" title="Arthur Barclay">Arthur Barclay</a>, 15th president of Liberia (b. <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abel_Adams" title="Abel Adams">Abel Adams</a>, Finnish producer (b. <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wiene" title="Robert Wiene">Robert Wiene</a>, German director (b. <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Romania" title="Marie of Romania">Queen Marie of Romania</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Martley_Davis" title="George Martley Davis">George Martley Davis</a>, Australian politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1860" title="1860">1860</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Figari" title="Pedro Figari">Pedro Figari</a>, Uruguayan painter, writer and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_I,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Franz I, Prince of Liechtenstein">Franz I, Prince of Liechtenstein</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dsaku_Hamada" title="Kōsaku Hamada">Kōsaku Hamada</a>, Japanese academic, archaeologist and author (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tom_Crean_(explorer)" title="Tom Crean (explorer)">Tom Crean</a>, Irish seaman, Antarctic explorer (b. <a href="/wiki/1877" title="1877">1877</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Davydov" title="Yakov Davydov">Yakov Davydov</a>, Soviet general (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukums_V%C4%81cietis" title="Jukums Vācietis">Jukums Vācietis</a>, Soviet military commander (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iosif_Vareikis" title="Iosif Vareikis">Iosif Vareikis</a>, Soviet politician (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Alksnis" title="Yakov Alksnis">Yakov Alksnis</a>, Soviet aviator, commander of Red Army Air Forces (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Antipov" title="Nikolai Antipov">Nikolai Antipov</a>, Soviet politician (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81nis_B%C4%93rzi%C5%86%C5%A1_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jānis Bērziņš (politician)">Yan Berzin</a>. Soviet politician and military intelligence officer (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Dybenko" title="Pavel Dybenko">Pavel Dybenko</a>, Russian <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">bolshevik</a> and Soviet military commander (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Krylenko" title="Nikolai Krylenko">Nikolai Krylenko</a>, Russian <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">bolshevik</a> and Soviet politician (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81nis_Rudzutaks" title="Jānis Rudzutaks">Jānis Rudzutaks</a>, Russian <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">bolshevik</a> and Soviet politician (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_2">August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TombstoneRobert_Johnson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/TombstoneRobert_Johnson.jpg/120px-TombstoneRobert_Johnson.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/TombstoneRobert_Johnson.jpg/250px-TombstoneRobert_Johnson.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Johnson" title="Robert Johnson">Robert Johnson</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Duggan_(playwright)" title="Edmund Duggan (playwright)">Edmund Dunggan</a>, Irish-born Australian actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pearl_White" title="Pearl White">Pearl White</a>, American actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Warner_Oland" title="Warner Oland">Warner Oland</a>, Swedish-born American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Stanislavsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstantin Stanislavsky">Konstantin Stanislavsky</a>, Soviet theatre practitioner (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leo_Frobenius" title="Leo Frobenius">Leo Frobenius</a>, German ethnologist, archaeologist and Africanist (b. <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Trumble" title="Hugh Trumble">Hugh Trumble</a>, Australian test cricketer (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Johnson" title="Robert Johnson">Robert Johnson</a>, American blues singer (b. <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">August 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tomasz_D%C4%85bal" title="Tomasz Dąbal">Tomasz Dąbal</a>, Polish activist (b. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Echandi" title="Carlos Echandi">Carlos Echandi</a>, Costa Rican surgeon (b. <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hawks" title="Frank Hawks">Frank Hawks</a>, American aviator (b. <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Teodor_Axentowicz" title="Teodor Axentowicz">Teodor Axentowicz</a>, Polish-born Soviet painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Kun" title="Béla Kun">Béla Kun</a>, Hungarian Communist leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_2">September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mariat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mariat.jpg/100px-Mariat.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mariat.jpg/150px-Mariat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mariat.jpg/200px-Mariat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="289" /></a><figcaption>Blessed <a href="/wiki/Maria_Teresa_of_St._Joseph" title="Maria Teresa of St. Joseph">Maria Teresa of St. Joseph</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aurelio_Giorni.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Aurelio_Giorni.jpg/120px-Aurelio_Giorni.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Aurelio_Giorni.jpg/250px-Aurelio_Giorni.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="658" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aurelio_Giorni" title="Aurelio Giorni">Aurelio Giorni</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9._1930-%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9._1930-%D0%B5.jpg/100px-%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9._1930-%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9._1930-%D0%B5.jpg/150px-%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9._1930-%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9._1930-%D0%B5.jpg/200px-%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9._1930-%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Silouan_the_Athonite" title="Silouan the Athonite">Silouan the Athonite</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Paul_Olaf_Bodding_(1865-1938).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Portrait_of_Paul_Olaf_Bodding_%281865-1938%29.jpg/120px-Portrait_of_Paul_Olaf_Bodding_%281865-1938%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Portrait_of_Paul_Olaf_Bodding_%281865-1938%29.jpg/250px-Portrait_of_Paul_Olaf_Bodding_%281865-1938%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3114" data-file-height="3110" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_Olaf_Bodding" title="Paul Olaf Bodding">Paul Olaf Bodding</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bryukhanov" title="Nikolai Bryukhanov">Nikolai Bryukhanov</a>, Soviet statesman, political figure and People's Commissar of Finances (b. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Adolf_Closs" title="Gustav Adolf Closs">Gustav Adolf Closs</a>, German illustrator, painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_M%C4%83rd%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Mărdărescu">Gheorghe Mărdărescu</a>, Romanian general and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfonso,_Prince_of_Asturias_(1907-1938)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso, Prince of Asturias (1907-1938)">Alfonso de Borbón y Battenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Asturias" title="Prince of Asturias">Prince of Asturias</a>, former heir apparent to the <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Spain">throne of Spain</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cecilio_Apostol" class="mw-redirect" title="Cecilio Apostol">Cecilio Apostol</a>, Filipino poet, laurate (b. <a href="/wiki/1877" title="1877">1877</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Arthur_of_Connaught" title="Prince Arthur of Connaught">Prince Arthur of Connaught</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yannoulis_Chalepas" title="Yannoulis Chalepas">Yannoulis Chalepas</a>, Greek sculptor (b. <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wolfe" title="Thomas Wolfe">Thomas Wolfe</a>, American author (b. <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Baltia" title="Herman Baltia">Herman Baltia</a>, Belgian general (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Bergere" title="Valerie Bergere">Valerie Bergere</a>, French-born American actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Jasie%C5%84ski" title="Bruno Jasieński">Bruno Jasieński</a>, Polish poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">September 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Frederick" title="Pauline Frederick">Pauline Frederick</a>, American actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_Teresa_of_St._Joseph" title="Maria Teresa of St. Joseph">Maria Teresa of St. Joseph</a>, German <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> religious professed and blessed (b. <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ivana_Brli%C4%87-Ma%C5%BEurani%C4%87" title="Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić">Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić</a>, Yugoslav writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philbert_Maurice_d%27Ocagne" title="Philbert Maurice d'Ocagne">Philbert Maurice d'Ocagne</a>, French engineer, mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelio_Giorni" title="Aurelio Giorni">Aurelio Giorni</a>, Italian composer, pianist (b. <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Silouan_the_Athonite" title="Silouan the Athonite">Silouan the Athonite</a>, Soviet <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox priest">Orthodox priest</a> and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Olaf_Bodding" title="Paul Olaf Bodding">Paul Olaf Bodding</a>, Norwegian missionary to India, creator of the <a href="/wiki/Santali_Latin_alphabet" title="Santali Latin alphabet">Santali Latin alphabet</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tang_Shaoyi" title="Tang Shaoyi">Tang Shaoyi</a>, First Premier of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October_2">October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Averescu,_commandant_du_1er_corps_d%27arm%C3%A9e_roumain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Le_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Averescu%2C_commandant_du_1er_corps_d%27arm%C3%A9e_roumain.jpg/100px-Le_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Averescu%2C_commandant_du_1er_corps_d%27arm%C3%A9e_roumain.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Le_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Averescu%2C_commandant_du_1er_corps_d%27arm%C3%A9e_roumain.jpg/150px-Le_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Averescu%2C_commandant_du_1er_corps_d%27arm%C3%A9e_roumain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Le_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Averescu%2C_commandant_du_1er_corps_d%27arm%C3%A9e_roumain.jpg/200px-Le_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Averescu%2C_commandant_du_1er_corps_d%27arm%C3%A9e_roumain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="1446" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Averescu" title="Alexandru Averescu">Alexandru Averescu</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tejada_s-6d1d4-ea69a-33ed0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Tejada_s-6d1d4-ea69a-33ed0.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="133" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Tejada_Sorzano" title="José Luis Tejada Sorzano">José Luis Tejada Sorzano</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maria_Faustyna_Kowalska.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Maria_Faustyna_Kowalska.jpg/100px-Maria_Faustyna_Kowalska.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Maria_Faustyna_Kowalska.jpg/150px-Maria_Faustyna_Kowalska.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Maria_Faustyna_Kowalska.jpg/200px-Maria_Faustyna_Kowalska.jpg 2x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="874" /></a><figcaption>Saint <a href="/wiki/Faustina_Kowalska" title="Faustina Kowalska">Faustina Kowalska</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ErnstBarlachYoung.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/ErnstBarlachYoung.jpg/120px-ErnstBarlachYoung.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/ErnstBarlachYoung.jpg/250px-ErnstBarlachYoung.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Barlach" title="Ernst Barlach">Ernst Barlach</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Averescu" title="Alexandru Averescu">Alexandru Averescu</a>, Romanian general, politician, and 24th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Tejada_Sorzano" title="José Luis Tejada Sorzano">José Luis Tejada Sorzano</a>, Bolivian lawyer, politician and 34th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Bolivia" title="President of Bolivia">President of Bolivia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_Kowalska" title="Faustina Kowalska">Faustina Kowalska</a>, Polish nun and saint, the <i>Secretary of <a href="/wiki/Divine_Mercy_(Catholic_devotion)" title="Divine Mercy (Catholic devotion)">Divine Mercy</a></i> (b. <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Ranft" title="Albert Ranft">Albert Ranft</a>, Swedish theatre director, actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kirill_Vladimirovich,_Grand_Duke_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirill Vladimirovich, Grand Duke of Russia">Kirill Vladimirovich, Grand Duke of Russia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/E._C._Segar" title="E. C. Segar">E. C. Segar</a>, American comics artist (<i><a href="/wiki/Popeye" title="Popeye">Popeye</a></i>) (b. <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dalmas" title="Charles Dalmas">Charles Dalmas</a>, French architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eshref_Frasheri" class="mw-redirect" title="Eshref Frasheri">Eshref Frasheri</a>, Albanian politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Karl Kautsky</a>, Austrian Marxist theoretician (b. <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%B1o_Fidencio" title="Niño Fidencio">Niño Fidencio</a>, Mexican <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> priest and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Fushimi_Hiroyoshi" title="Prince Fushimi Hiroyoshi">Prince Fushimi Hiroyoshi</a> of Japan (b. <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrysostomos_I_of_Athens" title="Chrysostomos I of Athens">Chrysostomos I of Athens</a>, Greek priest, metropolitan (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Irwin" title="May Irwin">May Irwin</a>, Canadian actress, singer (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Barlach" title="Ernst Barlach">Ernst Barlach</a>, German sculptor and poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Bensaude" title="Raoul Bensaude">Raoul Bensaude</a>, French physician (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonsina_Storni" title="Alfonsina Storni">Alfonsina Storni</a>, Argentine poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lascelles_Abercrombie" title="Lascelles Abercrombie">Lascelles Abercrombie</a>, English poet and critic (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alma_Gluck" title="Alma Gluck">Alma Gluck</a>, American soprano (b. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Franco" title="Ramón Franco">Ramón Franco</a>, Spanish aviation pioneer (b. <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sakari_Ainali" title="Sakari Ainali">Sakari Ainali</a>, Finnish farmer, businessman and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Degoutte" title="Jean Degoutte">Jean Degoutte</a>, French general, leader of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November_2">November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mustafa_Kemal_Ataturk.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Mustafa_Kemal_Ataturk.png/100px-Mustafa_Kemal_Ataturk.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Mustafa_Kemal_Ataturk.png/150px-Mustafa_Kemal_Ataturk.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Mustafa_Kemal_Ataturk.png/200px-Mustafa_Kemal_Ataturk.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="863" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaarlo_Castr%C3%A9n.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Kaarlo_Castr%C3%A9n.jpg/120px-Kaarlo_Castr%C3%A9n.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Kaarlo_Castr%C3%A9n.jpg/150px-Kaarlo_Castr%C3%A9n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Kaarlo_Castr%C3%A9n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="177" data-file-height="242" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kaarlo_Castren" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaarlo Castren">Kaarlo Castren</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maud_of_Wales,_Queen_of_Norway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Maud_of_Wales%2C_Queen_of_Norway.jpg/120px-Maud_of_Wales%2C_Queen_of_Norway.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Maud_of_Wales%2C_Queen_of_Norway.jpg/250px-Maud_of_Wales%2C_Queen_of_Norway.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="812" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maud_of_Wales" title="Maud of Wales">Maud, Queen of Norway</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Baili" title="Jiang Baili">Jiang Baili</a>, Chinese general of the <a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army" title="National Revolutionary Army">National Revolutionary Army</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Georgy_Konstantinovich_of_Russia" title="Prince Georgy Konstantinovich of Russia">Prince Georgy Konstantinovich of Russia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Blyukher" title="Vasily Blyukher">Vasily Blyukher</a>, Soviet military commander, <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Marshal of the Soviet Union">Marshal of the Soviet Union</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_vom_Rath" title="Ernst vom Rath">Ernst vom Rath</a>, German diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a>, 1st <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Minister of Turkey</a>, 1st <a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President of Turkey</a> (b. c.<a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Mallon" title="Mary Mallon">Mary Mallon</a> (<i>Typhoid Mary</i>), first known (in the United States) <a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic_carrier" title="Asymptomatic carrier">asymptomatic carrier</a> of the pathogen associated with <a href="/wiki/Typhoid_fever" title="Typhoid fever">typhoid fever</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Lygon,_7th_Earl_Beauchamp" title="William Lygon, 7th Earl Beauchamp">William Lygon, 7th Earl Beauchamp</a>, British politician and colonial governor (b. <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kaarlo_Castren" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaarlo Castren">Kaarlo Castren</a>, Finnish politician, 4th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Prime Minister of Finland</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1860" title="1860">1860</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Elliott_(photographer)" title="Arthur Elliott (photographer)">Arthur Elliott</a>, South African photographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud_of_Wales" title="Maud of Wales">Maud of Wales</a>, Queen of <a href="/wiki/Haakon_VII_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon VII of Norway">Haakon VII of Norway</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">November 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sahachiro_Hata" title="Sahachiro Hata">Sahachiro Hata</a>, Japanese bacteriologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Lossow" title="Otto von Lossow">Otto von Lossow</a>, Bavarian, German general (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Corneliu_Zelea_Codreanu" title="Corneliu Zelea Codreanu">Corneliu Zelea Codreanu</a>, Romanian fascist politician, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Iron Guard</a> (executed along other Guard activists) (b. <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December_2">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Florence_Lawrence_1908.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Florence_Lawrence_1908.jpg/100px-Florence_Lawrence_1908.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Florence_Lawrence_1908.jpg/150px-Florence_Lawrence_1908.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Florence_Lawrence_1908.jpg/200px-Florence_Lawrence_1908.jpg 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Florence_Lawrence" title="Florence Lawrence">Florence Lawrence</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juho_Vennola" title="Juho Vennola">Juho Vennola</a>, 5th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Prime Minister of Finland</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_Lous_Lange" title="Christian Lous Lange">Christian Lous Lange</a>, Norwegian pacifist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> recipient (b. <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Emmanuel" title="Maurice Emmanuel">Maurice Emmanuel</a>, French composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rafael_Barcelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Rafael Barcelo">Antonio Rafael Barcelo</a>, Puerto Rican lawyer, businessman and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Chkalov" title="Valery Chkalov">Valery Chkalov</a>, Soviet test pilot (b. <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Taut" title="Bruno Taut">Bruno Taut</a>, German architect, urban planner (b. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karel_%C4%8Capek" title="Karel Čapek">Karel Čapek</a>, Czech author (b. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Fischer_(architect)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodor Fischer (architect)">Theodor Fischer</a>, German architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Bridges" title="Calvin Bridges">Calvin Bridges</a>, American scientist (b. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osip_Mandelstam" title="Osip Mandelstam">Osip Mandelstam</a>, Soviet poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emile_Vandervelde" title="Emile Vandervelde">Emile Vandervelde</a>, Belgian Socialist politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Florence_Lawrence" title="Florence Lawrence">Florence Lawrence</a>, Canadian actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nobel_Prizes">Nobel Prizes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Nobel Prizes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_medal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/100px-Nobel_medal.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/150px-Nobel_medal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/200px-Nobel_medal.png 2x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a> – <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Corneille_Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Heymans" class="mw-redirect" title="Corneille Jean François Heymans">Corneille Jean François Heymans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nansen_International_Office_for_Refugees" title="Nansen International Office for Refugees">Nansen International Office for Refugees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nols-maatschappij.info/Exploitanten/Nederlandse-spoorwegen.htm">"Nederlandse Spoorwegen"</a>. 2011-06-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nederlandse+Spoorwegen&rft.date=2011-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnols-maatschappij.info%2FExploitanten%2FNederlandse-spoorwegen.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurat_Bardakçı2017" class="citation book cs1">Murat Bardakçı (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QrRSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA158"><i>Neslishah: The Last Ottoman Princess</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-837-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-837-6"><bdi>978-977-416-837-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neslishah%3A+The+Last+Ottoman+Princess&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-977-416-837-6&rft.au=Murat+Bardak%C3%A7%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQrRSDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://niagarafallsmuseums.ca/pdf/Fall-of-the-Honeymoon-Bridge.pdf">"Fall Of The Honeymoon Bridge"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>niagarafallsmuseums.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=niagarafallsmuseums.ca&rft.atitle=Fall+Of+The+Honeymoon+Bridge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fniagarafallsmuseums.ca%2Fpdf%2FFall-of-the-Honeymoon-Bridge.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927091319/http://www.waverley.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/19553/Black_Sunday.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Bondi's Black Sunday"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waverley.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/19553/Black_Sunday.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Bondi%27s+Black+Sunday%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waverley.nsw.gov.au%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0005%2F19553%2FBlack_Sunday.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(113 KB)</span>, Waverley Library Local History. Retrieved 27 September 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrancisco_J._Romero_Salvadó2005" class="citation book cs1">Francisco J. Romero Salvadó (9 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tJQcBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA150"><i>The Spanish Civil War: Origins, Course and Outcomes</i></a>. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-20305-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-20305-1"><bdi>978-0-230-20305-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Civil+War%3A+Origins%2C+Course+and+Outcomes&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Macmillan+International+Higher+Education&rft.date=2005-09-09&rft.isbn=978-0-230-20305-1&rft.au=Francisco+J.+Romero+Salvad%C3%B3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtJQcBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGorton_Carruth1993" class="citation book cs1">Gorton Carruth (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zHwRAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Encyclopedia of World Facts and Dates</i></a>. HarperCollins. p. 687. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-270012-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-270012-4"><bdi>978-0-06-270012-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+World+Facts+and+Dates&rft.pages=687&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-06-270012-4&rft.au=Gorton+Carruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzHwRAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wsj-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wsj_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWoo2011" class="citation web cs1">Woo, Jaeyeon (22 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2011/07/22/memorializing-the-company-founder-with-ads-3-d-and-holograms/">"Memorializing the Company Founder, With Ads, 3-D and Holograms"</a>. <i>WSJ</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084636/http://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2011/07/22/memorializing-the-company-founder-with-ads-3-d-and-holograms/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WSJ&rft.atitle=Memorializing+the+Company+Founder%2C+With+Ads%2C+3-D+and+Holograms&rft.date=2011-07-22&rft.aulast=Woo&rft.aufirst=Jaeyeon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Fkorearealtime%2F2011%2F07%2F22%2Fmemorializing-the-company-founder-with-ads-3-d-and-holograms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708221427/http://dailypilot.com/articles/2009/05/17/topstory/dpt-alookback051709.txt">"Daily Pilot - Serving Newport Beach & Costa Mesa, California"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailypilot.com/articles/2009/05/17/topstory/dpt-alookback051709.txt">the original</a> on July 8, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-05-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Daily+Pilot+-+Serving+Newport+Beach+%26+Costa+Mesa%2C+California&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdailypilot.com%2Farticles%2F2009%2F05%2F17%2Ftopstory%2Fdpt-alookback051709.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDante_L._Germino1959" class="citation book cs1">Dante L. Germino (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IABjLYdYoPcC&pg=PA158"><i>The Italian Fascist Party in Power: A Study in Totalitarian Rule</i></a>. U of Minnesota Press. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-6034-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-6034-6"><bdi>978-0-8166-6034-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Italian+Fascist+Party+in+Power%3A+A+Study+in+Totalitarian+Rule&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=U+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1959&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-6034-6&rft.au=Dante+L.+Germino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIABjLYdYoPcC%26pg%3DPA158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Lee_Poremba1999" class="citation book cs1">David Lee Poremba (18 February 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sJHgN7-t_GcC&pg=PT25"><i>Detroit: City of Champions</i></a>. Arcadia Publishing. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4396-2152-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4396-2152-3"><bdi>978-1-4396-2152-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Detroit%3A+City+of+Champions&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=1999-02-18&rft.isbn=978-1-4396-2152-3&rft.au=David+Lee+Poremba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsJHgN7-t_GcC%26pg%3DPT25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v4xMAAAAMAAJ"><i>The New International Year Book</i></a>. Dodd, Mead and Company. 1989. p. 352.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+International+Year+Book&rft.pages=352&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead+and+Company&rft.date=1989&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv4xMAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNeville_Chamberlain2000" class="citation book cs1">Neville Chamberlain (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X1AqAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Neville Chamberlain Diary Letters: The Downing Street years, 1934-1940</i></a>. Ashgate Pub. p. 349. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-5266-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-5266-3"><bdi>978-0-7546-5266-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Neville+Chamberlain+Diary+Letters%3A+The+Downing+Street+years%2C+1934-1940&rft.pages=349&rft.pub=Ashgate+Pub.&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-5266-3&rft.au=Neville+Chamberlain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX1AqAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gregorovičová2002-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gregorovičová2002_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEva_Gregorovičová2002" class="citation book cs1">Eva Gregorovičová (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BBUiAQAAIAAJ"><i>Treasures of the Central State Archives in Prague: The State of Bohemia and Czechoslovakia in Documents, 1158-1990 : Exhibition Catalogue</i></a>. Central State Archives in Prague. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-85475-82-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-85475-82-1"><bdi>978-80-85475-82-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treasures+of+the+Central+State+Archives+in+Prague%3A+The+State+of+Bohemia+and+Czechoslovakia+in+Documents%2C+1158-1990+%3A+Exhibition+Catalogue&rft.pub=Central+State+Archives+in+Prague&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-80-85475-82-1&rft.au=Eva+Gregorovi%C4%8Dov%C3%A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBBUiAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qJlOAAAAIAAJ"><i>The Contemporary Review</i></a>. A. Strahan. 1953. p. 125.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Contemporary+Review&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=A.+Strahan&rft.date=1953&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqJlOAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/znxdnrd/revision/9">"Events leading to the Munich settlement"</a>. <i>BBC Bitesize</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Bitesize&rft.atitle=Events+leading+to+the+Munich+settlement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fbitesize%2Fguides%2Fznxdnrd%2Frevision%2F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yadvashem-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yadvashem_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/holocaust/about/01/crucial_year.asp?WT.mc_id=wiki">Nazi Germany and the Jews: 1938 – "The Fateful Year"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629195221/http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/holocaust/about/01/crucial_year.asp?WT.mc_id=wiki">Archived</a> June 29, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a> website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/kristallnacht/index.asp?WT.mc_id=wiki">It Came From Within... 71 Years Since Kristallnacht</a> - Online exhibition from Yad Vashem, including survivor testimonies, archival footage, photos and stories.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Hofmann" title="Albert Hofmann">Albert Hofmann</a>; translated from the original German (LSD Ganz Persönlich) by J. Ott. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maps.org/news-letters/v06n3/06346hof.html">MAPS-Volume 6, Number 69, Summer 1969</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKang2012" class="citation book cs1">Kang, Joon-shik (2012). <i>Choi Seung-hee Critical Biography</i>. Noonbit. p. 231. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-89-7409-709-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-89-7409-709-7"><bdi>978-89-7409-709-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Choi+Seung-hee+Critical+Biography&rft.pages=231&rft.pub=Noonbit&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-89-7409-709-7&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=Joon-shik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Sq1P6w0csb0C"><i>Acta Theriologica</i></a>. Polish Scientific Publishers. 1985. p. 291.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Acta+Theriologica&rft.pages=291&rft.pub=Polish+Scientific+Publishers&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSq1P6w0csb0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIvesStilwell,_G._R.1938" class="citation journal cs1">Ives, Herbert E.; Stilwell, G. R. (1938). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josa-28-7-215">"An Experimental Study of the Rate of a Moving Atomic Clock"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Optical_Society_of_America" title="Journal of the Optical Society of America">Journal of the Optical Society of America</a></i>. <b>28</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">215–</span>19. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1938JOSA...28..215I">1938JOSA...28..215I</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1364%2FJOSA.28.000215">10.1364/JOSA.28.000215</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Optical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=An+Experimental+Study+of+the+Rate+of+a+Moving+Atomic+Clock&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E215-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.date=1938&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1364%2FJOSA.28.000215&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1938JOSA...28..215I&rft.aulast=Ives&rft.aufirst=Herbert+E.&rft.au=Stilwell%2C+G.+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opticsinfobase.org%2Fabstract.cfm%3FURI%3Djosa-28-7-215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympic.org/bohumil-nemecek">"Bohumil Nemecek"</a>. <i>IOC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IOC&rft.atitle=Bohumil+Nemecek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fbohumil-nemecek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110622050453/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2010%2F1%2F1%2Fnation%2F20100101104330&sec=nation">"Tok Mat dies"</a>. <i>The Star</i>. January 1, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/1/1/nation/20100101104330&sec=nation">the original</a> on 22 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Tok+Mat+dies&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3Ffile%3D%2F2010%2F1%2F1%2Fnation%2F20100101104330%26sec%3Dnation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJuan_Pablo_Fusi_Aizpurúa1987" class="citation book cs1">Juan Pablo Fusi Aizpurúa (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/franco00juan"><i>Franco: a biography</i></a></span>. Harper & Row. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/franco00juan/page/35">35</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-433127-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-433127-2"><bdi>978-0-06-433127-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Franco%3A+a+biography&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-06-433127-2&rft.au=Juan+Pablo+Fusi+Aizpur%C3%BAa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffranco00juan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhite1999" class="citation book cs1">White, Andrew (1999). <i>Time out book of Paris walks</i>. London: Penguin. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780140287219" title="Special:BookSources/9780140287219"><bdi>9780140287219</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Time+out+book+of+Paris+walks&rft.place=London&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780140287219&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson2015" class="citation cs2">O'Connor, John J.; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_F._Robertson" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund F. Robertson">Robertson, Edmund F.</a> (October 2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Knuth.html">"1938"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_Archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-02</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1938&rft.btitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft.date=2015-10&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Edmund+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FKnuth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gtaeR3-6hMgC"><i>Daily Report: China</i></a>. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 2 August 1993. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daily+Report%3A+China&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Foreign+Broadcast+Information+Service&rft.date=1993-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgtaeR3-6hMgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VBYEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA26">"Artist's Biographies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>. 1962-03-03. p. 26 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Artist%27s+Biographies&rft.pages=26&rft.date=1962-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVBYEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJeff_Hannusch1985" class="citation book cs1">Jeff Hannusch (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0QAJAQAAMAAJ"><i>I Hear You Knockin': The Sound of New Orleans Rhythm and Blues</i></a>. 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(July 24, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philly.com/philly/entertainment/20120724_Sherman_Hemsley__TVs_George_Jefferson__dies_at_74.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Jeffersons' star Sherman Hemsley dies at 74"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Inquirer" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia Inquirer">Philadelphia Inquirer</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Springer. p. 565. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-59051-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-59051-3"><bdi>978-1-349-59051-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Statesman%27s+Yearbook+2012%3A+The+Politics%2C+Cultures+and+Economies+of+the+World&rft.pages=565&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017-01-12&rft.isbn=978-1-349-59051-3&rft.au=B.+Turner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0ZLlDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA565&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLouis_Paul2014" class="citation book cs1">Louis Paul (29 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6NQ-Y8lbGAsC&pg=PA279"><i>Tales from the Cult Film Trenches: Interviews with 36 Actors from Horror, Science Fiction and Exploitation Cinema</i></a>. McFarland. p. 279. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8402-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8402-7"><bdi>978-0-7864-8402-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tales+from+the+Cult+Film+Trenches%3A+Interviews+with+36+Actors+from+Horror%2C+Science+Fiction+and+Exploitation+Cinema&rft.pages=279&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014-11-29&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-8402-7&rft.au=Louis+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6NQ-Y8lbGAsC%26pg%3DPA279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympic.org/arpad-orban">"Arpad ORBAN - Olympic Football | Hungary"</a>. <i>International Olympic Committee</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shashi+Kapoor+was+always+the+best+man%2C+never+the+groom+-+Latest+News+%26+Updates+at+Daily+News+%26+Analysis&rft.date=2017-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fbollywood%2Freport-shashi-kapoor-was-always-the-best-man-never-the-groom-2564930&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympic.org/betty-cuthbert">"Betty Cuthbert"</a>. <i>IOC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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St. James Press. p. 475. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55862-348-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55862-348-4"><bdi>978-1-55862-348-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Fashion&rft.pages=475&rft.pub=St.+James+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-55862-348-4&rft.au=Richard+Martin&rft.au=Taryn+Benbow-Pfalzgraf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz73uAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympic.org/giovanni-benvenuti">"Giovanni Benvenuti"</a>. <i>IOC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Blandford Press. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7137-1217-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7137-1217-9"><bdi>978-0-7137-1217-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=They+Kept+on+Rockin%27%3A+The+Giants+of+Rock%27n%27roll&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Blandford+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-7137-1217-9&rft.au=Stuart+Colman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKLNEyN06NNEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBourne1996" class="citation news cs1">Bourne, Stephen (January 3, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-madge-sinclair-1322176.html">"Obituary: Madge Sinclair"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Madge+Sinclair&rft.date=1996-01-03&rft.aulast=Bourne&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fobituary-madge-sinclair-1322176.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreig2005" class="citation book cs1">Greig, Charlotte (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evilserialkiller00char/page/189/mode/2up?view=theater"><i>Evil serial killers : In the minds of monsters</i></a>. Barnes & Noble. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7607-7566-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7607-7566-0"><bdi>978-0-7607-7566-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evil+serial+killers+%3A+In+the+minds+of+monsters&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7607-7566-0&rft.aulast=Greig&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fevilserialkiller00char%2Fpage%2F189%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFangacio2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fangacio, Juan Carlos (27 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elcomercio.pe/luces/libros/marco-aurelio-denegri-murio-intelectual-icono-popular-perfil-noticia-540526-noticia/">"Murió Marco Aurelio Denegri, el intelectual que se hizo ícono popular"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Comercio_(Peru)" title="El Comercio (Peru)">El Comercio</a></i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Comercio&rft.atitle=Muri%C3%B3+Marco+Aurelio+Denegri%2C+el+intelectual+que+se+hizo+%C3%ADcono+popular&rft.date=2018-07-27&rft.aulast=Fangacio&rft.aufirst=Juan+Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felcomercio.pe%2Fluces%2Flibros%2Fmarco-aurelio-denegri-murio-intelectual-icono-popular-perfil-noticia-540526-noticia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAsh_Kotak2019" class="citation news cs1">Ash Kotak (19 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2019/jun/19/girish-karnad-obituary">"Girish Karnad obituary"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Girish+Karnad+obituary&rft.date=2019-06-19&rft.au=Ash+Kotak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2F2019%2Fjun%2F19%2Fgirish-karnad-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRandel2002" class="citation book cs1">Randel, Don Michael (30 October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HXILEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT866"><i>The Harvard Concise Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 866. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-25572-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-25572-2"><bdi>978-0-674-25572-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Harvard+Concise+Dictionary+of+Music+and+Musicians&rft.pages=866&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2002-10-30&rft.isbn=978-0-674-25572-2&rft.aulast=Randel&rft.aufirst=Don+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHXILEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/40333628/nba-all-great-jerry-west-dies-age-86">"NBA all-time great Jerry West dies at age 86"</a>. <i>ESPN.com</i>. 2024-06-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN.com&rft.atitle=NBA+all-time+great+Jerry+West+dies+at+age+86&rft.date=2024-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fnba%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F40333628%2Fnba-all-great-jerry-west-dies-age-86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://davenport.kohacatalog.com/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=75763&marc=1">"Library Catalog"</a>. <i>Davenport University Libraries</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Davenport+University+Libraries&rft.atitle=Library+Catalog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdavenport.kohacatalog.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fkoha%2Fopac-authoritiesdetail.pl%3Fauthid%3D75763%26marc%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympic.org/karin-richert-balzer">"Karin Richert Balzer"</a>. <i>IOC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IOC&rft.atitle=Karin+Richert+Balzer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fkarin-richert-balzer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympic.org/billy-mills">"Billy Mills"</a>. <i>IOC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bill+Withers%2C+Who+Sang+%27Lean+on+Me%27+and+%27Ain%27t+No+Sunshine%2C%27+Dies+at+81&rft.date=2020-04-03&rft.aulast=Genzlinger&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Derrick+Bryson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F04%2F03%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fbill-withers-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympic.org/enrique-figuerola">"Enrique Figuerola"</a>. <i>IOC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Cinéditions. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-9516306-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-9516306-0-4"><bdi>978-2-9516306-0-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paul+Verhoeven%3A+beyond+flesh+and+blood&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Cin%C3%A9ditions&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-2-9516306-0-4&rft.au=Jean-Marc+Bouineau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAUvuPFtaCbYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMascarenhas2018" class="citation news cs1">Mascarenhas, Anuradha (20 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/jayant-narlikar-astrophysicist-science-nobel-prize-india-5266993/">"Astrophysicist Jayant Narlikar Turns 80: 'Despite excellent work at many labs, a Nobel Prize in science eludes India since 1930'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Astrophysicist+Jayant+Narlikar+Turns+80%3A+%27Despite+excellent+work+at+many+labs%2C+a+Nobel+Prize+in+science+eludes+India+since+1930%27&rft.date=2018-07-20&rft.aulast=Mascarenhas&rft.aufirst=Anuradha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fcities%2Fpune%2Fjayant-narlikar-astrophysicist-science-nobel-prize-india-5266993%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHorace_Newcomb2014" class="citation book cs1">Horace Newcomb (3 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NUXIAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1928"><i>Encyclopedia of Television</i></a>. Routledge. p. 1928. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-19472-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-19472-7"><bdi>978-1-135-19472-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Television&rft.pages=1928&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-02-03&rft.isbn=978-1-135-19472-7&rft.au=Horace+Newcomb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNUXIAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaul_T._Hellmann2006" class="citation book cs1">Paul T. Hellmann (14 February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=REtEXQNWq6MC&pg=PA113"><i>Historical Gazetteer of the United States</i></a>. Routledge. p. 113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-135-94859-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-135-94859-3"><bdi>1-135-94859-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Gazetteer+of+the+United+States&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006-02-14&rft.isbn=1-135-94859-3&rft.au=Paul+T.+Hellmann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DREtEXQNWq6MC%26pg%3DPA113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrank_Northen_MagillAlison_Aves1999" class="citation book cs1">Frank Northen Magill; Alison Aves (November 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uiQAaGgOChIC&pg=PA3153"><i>Dictionary of World Biography: The 20th century, O-Z</i></a>. Routledge. p. 3153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57958-048-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57958-048-3"><bdi>978-1-57958-048-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+World+Biography%3A+The+20th+century%2C+O-Z&rft.pages=3153&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999-11&rft.isbn=978-1-57958-048-3&rft.au=Frank+Northen+Magill&rft.au=Alison+Aves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuiQAaGgOChIC%26pg%3DPA3153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2024/09/12/world-news/alberto-fujimori-a-former-president-of-peru-who-was-convicted-for-human-rights-abuses-dies-at-86/">"Alberto Fujimori, a former president of Peru who was convicted for human rights abuses, dies at 86"</a>. <i>New York Post</i>. The Associated Press. September 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Post&rft.atitle=Alberto+Fujimori%2C+a+former+president+of+Peru+who+was+convicted+for+human+rights+abuses%2C+dies+at+86&rft.date=2024-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnypost.com%2F2024%2F09%2F12%2Fworld-news%2Falberto-fujimori-a-former-president-of-peru-who-was-convicted-for-human-rights-abuses-dies-at-86%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHorace_Newcomb2014" class="citation book cs1">Horace Newcomb (3 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NUXIAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1221"><i>Encyclopedia of Television</i></a>. Routledge. p. 1221. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-19472-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-19472-7"><bdi>978-1-135-19472-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Television&rft.pages=1221&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-02-03&rft.isbn=978-1-135-19472-7&rft.au=Horace+Newcomb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNUXIAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Chambers1992" class="citation book cs1">John Chambers (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XbIKAQAAMAAJ"><i>101 Irish Lives</i></a>. Gill and MacMillan. p. 216. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7171-1725-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7171-1725-3"><bdi>978-0-7171-1725-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=101+Irish+Lives&rft.pages=216&rft.pub=Gill+and+MacMillan&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-7171-1725-3&rft.au=John+Chambers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXbIKAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEmizet_Francois_KisanganiScott_F_Bobb2010" class="citation book cs1">Emizet Francois Kisangani; Scott F Bobb (2010). <i>Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</i>. Scarecrow Press. p. 398. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810863255" title="Special:BookSources/9780810863255"><bdi>9780810863255</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo&rft.pages=398&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780810863255&rft.au=Emizet+Francois+Kisangani&rft.au=Scott+F+Bobb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFColin_Larkin1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Larkin_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colin Larkin (writer)">Colin Larkin</a>, ed. (1992). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Popular_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia of Popular Music">The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music</a></i> (First ed.). <a href="/wiki/Guinness_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Publishing">Guinness Publishing</a>. p. 2379. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85112-939-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-85112-939-0"><bdi>0-85112-939-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Guinness+Encyclopedia+of+Popular+Music&rft.pages=2379&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Guinness+Publishing&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-85112-939-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Barrett2001" class="citation book cs1">John Barrett (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KWJYAAAAYAAJ"><i>Wimbledon: The Official History of the Championships</i></a>. CollinsWillow. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-711707-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-711707-9"><bdi>978-0-00-711707-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wimbledon%3A+The+Official+History+of+the+Championships&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=CollinsWillow&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-00-711707-9&rft.au=John+Barrett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKWJYAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afc-ajax.info/nl/voetballer/Bennie-Muller">"Bennie Muller bij Ajax"</a>. <i>AFC-Ajax.info</i>. 14 August 1938.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AFC-Ajax.info&rft.atitle=Bennie+Muller+bij+Ajax&rft.date=1938-08-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afc-ajax.info%2Fnl%2Fvoetballer%2FBennie-Muller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUrofsky2006" class="citation book cs1">Urofsky, Melvin I. (2006-05-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4V12AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA74"><i>Biographical Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court: The Lives and Legal Philosophies of the Justices</i></a>. CQ Press. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781452267289" title="Special:BookSources/9781452267289"><bdi>9781452267289</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Encyclopedia+of+the+Supreme+Court%3A+The+Lives+and+Legal+Philosophies+of+the+Justices&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=CQ+Press&rft.date=2006-05-25&rft.isbn=9781452267289&rft.aulast=Urofsky&rft.aufirst=Melvin+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4V12AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imer.mx/20-de-agosto-de-1938-nace-jacqueline-andere/">"20 de agosto de 1938: nace la actriz mexicana de cine, televisión y teatro, Jacqueline Andere"</a> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Mexicano_de_la_Radio" title="Instituto Mexicano de la Radio">Instituto Mexicano de la Radio</a>. 20 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=20+de+agosto+de+1938%3A+nace+la+actriz+mexicana+de+cine%2C+televisi%C3%B3n+y+teatro%2C+Jacqueline+Andere&rft.pub=Instituto+Mexicano+de+la+Radio&rft.date=2019-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imer.mx%2F20-de-agosto-de-1938-nace-jacqueline-andere%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSandra_Brennan2008" class="citation web cs1">Sandra Brennan (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080403044829/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/26370/Giuliano-Gemma/biography">"Giuliano Gemma"</a>. Movies & TV Dept. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://movies.nytimes.com/person/26370/Giuliano-Gemma/biography">the original</a> on 2008-04-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Giuliano+Gemma&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Sandra+Brennan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmovies.nytimes.com%2Fperson%2F26370%2FGiuliano-Gemma%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith2011" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Roberta (January 26, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/27/arts/design/27oppenheim.html">"Dennis Oppenheim, a Pioneer in Earthworks and Conceptual Art, Dies at 72"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Dennis+Oppenheim%2C+a+Pioneer+in+Earthworks+and+Conceptual+Art%2C+Dies+at+72&rft.date=2011-01-26&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Roberta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F01%2F27%2Farts%2Fdesign%2F27oppenheim.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ekoYAAAAIAAJ"><i>The Annual Obituary</i></a>. St. Martin's. 1982. p. 241. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-03877-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-03877-9"><bdi>978-0-312-03877-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Annual+Obituary&rft.pages=241&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-312-03877-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DekoYAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nunatsiaq.com/stories/article/29999_greenland_mourns_politician_jonathan_motzfeldt/">"Greenland mourns politician Jonathan Motzfeldt"</a>. <i>nunatsiaq.com</i>. September 29, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nunatsiaq.com&rft.atitle=Greenland+mourns+politician+Jonathan+Motzfeldt&rft.date=2010-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnunatsiaq.com%2Fstories%2Farticle%2F29999_greenland_mourns_politician_jonathan_motzfeldt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVat2018" class="citation news cs1">Vat, Dan van der (22 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/22/wim-kok-obituary">"Wim Kok obituary"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Wim+Kok+obituary&rft.date=2018-10-22&rft.aulast=Vat&rft.aufirst=Dan+van+der&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Foct%2F22%2Fwim-kok-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchudel2023" class="citation news cs1">Schudel, Matt (February 17, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2023/02/17/stella-stevens-actress-dead/">"Stella Stevens, who brought glamour and comic touch to films, dies at 84"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Stella+Stevens%2C+who+brought+glamour+and+comic+touch+to+films%2C+dies+at+84&rft.date=2023-02-17&rft.aulast=Schudel&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fobituaries%2F2023%2F02%2F17%2Fstella-stevens-actress-dead%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Collis2011" class="citation book cs1">John Collis (19 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cemVUgQv0rMC&pg=PT124"><i>Gene Vincent & Eddie Cochran</i></a>. Ebury Publishing. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7535-4783-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7535-4783-0"><bdi>978-0-7535-4783-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gene+Vincent+%26+Eddie+Cochran&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Ebury+Publishing&rft.date=2011-08-19&rft.isbn=978-0-7535-4783-0&rft.au=John+Collis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcemVUgQv0rMC%26pg%3DPT124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-pedro-pablo-kuczynski-un-hombre-se-hizo-a-pulso-616565.aspx">"Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, un hombre que se hizo a pulso"</a> (in Spanish). Lima: <a href="/wiki/Andina_(news_agency)" title="Andina (news agency)">Andina</a>. 28 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pedro+Pablo+Kuczynski%2C+un+hombre+que+se+hizo+a+pulso&rft.place=Lima&rft.pub=Andina&rft.date=2016-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fandina.pe%2Fagencia%2Fnoticia-pedro-pablo-kuczynski-un-hombre-se-hizo-a-pulso-616565.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nnBOdAx7hOYC&pg=PA10"><i>Driver</i></a>. Department of the Air Force, Hq. Air Force Inspection and Safety Center. 1971. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Driver&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Department+of+the+Air+Force%2C+Hq.+Air+Force+Inspection+and+Safety+Center&rft.date=1971&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnnBOdAx7hOYC%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/tv/news/dawn-wells-dies-of-covid-19-mary-ann-on-gilligan-s-island-was-82/ar-BB1cm21J?ocid=msedgntp">"Dawn Wells Dies Of Covid-19: Mary Ann On 'Gilligan's Island' Was 82"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSN&rft.atitle=Dawn+Wells+Dies+Of+Covid-19%3A+Mary+Ann+On+%27Gilligan%27s+Island%27+Was+82&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Fdawn-wells-dies-of-covid-19-mary-ann-on-gilligan-s-island-was-82%2Far-BB1cm21J%3Focid%3Dmsedgntp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ContemporaryBooks1990-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ContemporaryBooks1990_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFContemporaryContemporary_Books1990" class="citation book cs1">Contemporary; Contemporary Books (September 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_nYvMpE6QuAC"><i>Chase's Annual Events: Special Days, Weeks and Months in 1991</i></a>. McGraw-Hill. p. 290. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8092-4087-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8092-4087-6"><bdi>978-0-8092-4087-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chase%27s+Annual+Events%3A+Special+Days%2C+Weeks+and+Months+in+1991&rft.pages=290&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1990-09&rft.isbn=978-0-8092-4087-6&rft.au=Contemporary&rft.au=Contemporary+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_nYvMpE6QuAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaul_T._Hellmann2006" class="citation book cs1">Paul T. Hellmann (14 February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=REtEXQNWq6MC&pg=PA162"><i>Historical Gazetteer of the United States</i></a>. Routledge. p. 162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-135-94859-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-135-94859-3"><bdi>1-135-94859-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Gazetteer+of+the+United+States&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006-02-14&rft.isbn=1-135-94859-3&rft.au=Paul+T.+Hellmann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DREtEXQNWq6MC%26pg%3DPA162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFB._Turner2017" class="citation book cs1">B. Turner (12 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0ZLlDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA787"><i>The Statesman's Yearbook 2012: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World</i></a>. Springer. p. 787. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-59051-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-59051-3"><bdi>978-1-349-59051-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Statesman%27s+Yearbook+2012%3A+The+Politics%2C+Cultures+and+Economies+of+the+World&rft.pages=787&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017-01-12&rft.isbn=978-1-349-59051-3&rft.au=B.+Turner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0ZLlDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA787&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurray1999" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Michael (1999). <i>Encyclopedia of television news</i>. Phoenix, Ariz: Oryx Press. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781573561082" title="Special:BookSources/9781573561082"><bdi>9781573561082</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+television+news&rft.place=Phoenix%2C+Ariz&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Oryx+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9781573561082&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFColin_Larkin1997" class="citation book cs1">Colin Larkin (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HLo7AQAAIAAJ"><i>The Virgin Encyclopedia of Sixties Music</i></a>. Virgin. p. 141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7535-0149-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7535-0149-8"><bdi>978-0-7535-0149-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Virgin+Encyclopedia+of+Sixties+Music&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=Virgin&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7535-0149-8&rft.au=Colin+Larkin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHLo7AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJeff_Marcus2003" class="citation book cs1">Jeff Marcus (28 April 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JRBtAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA342"><i>A Biographical Directory of Professional Basketball Coaches</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 342. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4617-2653-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4617-2653-1"><bdi>978-1-4617-2653-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Biographical+Directory+of+Professional+Basketball+Coaches&rft.pages=342&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2003-04-28&rft.isbn=978-1-4617-2653-1&rft.au=Jeff+Marcus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJRBtAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFitzgerald1980" class="citation book cs1">Fitzgerald, Ross (1980). <i>Comparing political thinkers</i>. Sydney New York: Pergamon Press. p. 286. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780080247991" title="Special:BookSources/9780080247991"><bdi>9780080247991</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparing+political+thinkers&rft.place=Sydney+New+York&rft.pages=286&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=9780080247991&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=Ross&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdam_Sweeting2023" class="citation web cs1">Adam Sweeting (May 3, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/may/03/gordon-lightfoot-obituary">"Gordon Lightfoot obituary"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gordon+Lightfoot+obituary&rft.date=2023-05-03&rft.au=Adam+Sweeting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2023%2Fmay%2F03%2Fgordon-lightfoot-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9073872/Ted-Turner">"Ted Turner – Britannica Online Encyclopedia"</a>. <i>Britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strangers+in+Hollywood%3A+the+history+of+Scandinavian+actors+in+American+films+from+1910+to+World+War+II&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-2938-1&rft.aulast=Wollstein&rft.aufirst=Hans+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEPkqAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/David_Magarshack" title="David Magarshack">Magarshack, David</a>. 1950. <i>Stanislavsky: A Life.</i> London and Boston: Faber, 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-13791-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-13791-1">0-571-13791-1</a>. Page 404.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"E. C. Segar", in Walker, Brian. <i>The Comics: The Complete Collection</i>. New York: Abrams ComicArts, 2011. (pp. 238–243) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810995956" title="Special:BookSources/9780810995956">9780810995956</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLaura_Castaneda1991" class="citation news cs1">Laura Castaneda (5 May 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-05-05-mn-1993-story.html">"Years After Nino's Death, Miracle Curer's Cult Thrives"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Years+After+Nino%27s+Death%2C+Miracle+Curer%27s+Cult+Thrives&rft.date=1991-05-05&rft.au=Laura+Castaneda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-05-05-mn-1993-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lascelles-Abercrombie">"Lascelles Abercrombie | British author | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. 23 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Lascelles+Abercrombie+%26%23124%3B+British+author+%26%23124%3B+Britannica&rft.date=2023-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FLascelles-Abercrombie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Typhoid-Mary">"Typhoid Mary | Biography, Disease, & Facts | Britannica"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Typhoid+Mary+%26%23124%3B+Biography%2C+Disease%2C+%26+Facts+%26%23124%3B+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FTyphoid-Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBergman1998" class="citation journal cs1">Bergman, Jay (1998). "Valerii Chkalov: Soviet Pilot as New Soviet Man". <i>Journal of Contemporary History</i>. <b>33</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">135–</span>152. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F003200949803300108">10.1177/003200949803300108</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/261001">261001</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:157937639">157937639</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+History&rft.atitle=Valerii+Chkalov%3A+Soviet+Pilot+as+New+Soviet+Man&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E135-%3C%2Fspan%3E152&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A157937639%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F261001%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F003200949803300108&rft.aulast=Bergman&rft.aufirst=Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNick_Carey2000" class="citation web cs1">Nick Carey (12 January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radio.cz/en/section/czechs/karel-capek">"Karel Čapek"</a>. Český rozhlas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170406201507/http://www.radio.cz/en/section/czechs/karel-capek">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Karel+%C4%8Capek&rft.pub=%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD+rozhlas&rft.date=2000-01-12&rft.au=Nick+Carey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radio.cz%2Fen%2Fsection%2Fczechs%2Fkarel-capek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Izvestia, 8 January 1991. Reproduced according to ed. – Osip Mandelstam and his time: Sat. memories. – Publisher L'Age d'Homme – Nash Dom, 1995 480 p. – p. 402. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://imwerden.de/pdf/mandelstam_i_ego_vremya_1995__ocr.pdf">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19381229&id=jgwkAAAAIBAJ&pg=2898,5944836">"Former Film Star Dies: Florence Lawrence, Who Is Known as 'Biograph Girl', Takes Poison"</a>. <i>The Reading Eagle</i>. December 29, 1983. p. 11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Reading+Eagle&rft.atitle=Former+Film+Star+Dies%3A+Florence+Lawrence%2C+Who+Is+Known+as+%27Biograph+Girl%27%2C+Takes+Poison&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1983-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1955%26dat%3D19381229%26id%3DjgwkAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2898%2C5944836&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1938" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111004070539/http://www.wehrmacht-history.com/timeline/1938-wwii-timeline.htm">1938 WWII Timeline</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030416082447/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~1930s2/Time/1938/1938fr.html">The 1930s Timeline: 1938</a> – from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/holocaust/about/01/crucial_year.asp?WT.mc_id=wiki">1938 – "The Fateful Year" for the Jews in Nazi Germany</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629195221/http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/holocaust/about/01/crucial_year.asp?WT.mc_id=wiki">Archived</a> June 29, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - About the Holocaust- Yad Vashem</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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title="June 1941">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1941" title="July 1941">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1941" title="August 1941">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1941" title="September 1941">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1941" title="October 1941">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1941" title="November 1941">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1941" title="December 1941">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1940" title="January 1940">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1940" title="February 1940">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1940" title="March 1940">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1940" title="April 1940">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1940" title="May 1940">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1940" title="June 1940">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1940" title="July 1940">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1940" title="August 1940">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1940" title="September 1940">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1940" title="October 1940">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1940" title="November 1940">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1940" title="December 1940">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1939" title="January 1939">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1939" title="February 1939">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1939" title="March 1939">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1939" title="April 1939">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1939" title="May 1939">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1939" title="June 1939">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1939" title="July 1939">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1939" title="August 1939">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1939" title="September 1939">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1939" title="October 1939">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1939" title="November 1939">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1939" title="December 1939">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1938</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1938" title="January 1938">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1938" title="February 1938">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1938" title="March 1938">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1938" title="April 1938">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1938" title="May 1938">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1938" title="June 1938">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1938" title="July 1938">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1938" title="August 1938">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1938" title="September 1938">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1938" title="October 1938">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1938" title="November 1938">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1938" title="December 1938">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1937" title="January 1937">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1937" title="February 1937">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1937" title="March 1937">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1937" title="April 1937">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1937" title="May 1937">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1937" title="June 1937">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1937" title="July 1937">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1937" title="August 1937">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1937" title="September 1937">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1937" title="October 1937">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1937" title="November 1937">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1937" title="December 1937">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1936" title="January 1936">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1936" title="February 1936">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1936" title="March 1936">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1936" title="April 1936">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1936" title="May 1936">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1936" title="June 1936">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1936" title="July 1936">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1936" title="August 1936">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1936" title="September 1936">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1936" title="October 1936">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1936" title="November 1936">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1936" title="December 1936">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1935" title="January 1935">Jan</a></li> <li><a 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