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id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" aria-label="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="พิเศษ:ค้นหา"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ค้นหา</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="เปลี่ยนหน้าตาของขนาดอักษร ความกว้าง และสีของหน้า" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-รูปแบบ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#รูปแบบ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>รูปแบบ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-รูปแบบ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-อักษรรูนกับศาสตร์ลึกลับ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อักษรรูนกับศาสตร์ลึกลับ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>อักษรรูนกับศาสตร์ลึกลับ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อักษรรูนกับศาสตร์ลึกลับ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="สารบัญ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">อักษรรูน</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 83 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune-alfabet" title="Rune-alfabet – แอฟริกานส์" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rune-alfabet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="แอฟริกานส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futhark" title="Futhark – เยอรมันสวิส" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Futhark" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมันสวิส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fu%C3%BEorc" title="Fuþorc – อังกฤษโบราณ" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Fuþorc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษโบราณ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أبجدية رونية – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبجدية رونية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetu_r%C3%BAnicu" title="Alfabetu rúnicu – อัสตูเรียส" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alfabetu rúnicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="อัสตูเรียส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_%C9%99lifbas%C4%B1" title="Run əlifbası – อาเซอร์ไบจาน" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Run əlifbası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="อาเซอร์ไบจาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="บทความคัดสรร"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD_%D1%8F%D2%99%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Рун яҙмаһы – บัชคีร์" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рун яҙмаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="บัชคีร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runen" title="Runen – บาวาเรีย" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Runen" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="บาวาเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="บทความคัดสรร"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Руны – เบลารุส" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Руны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="เบลารุส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Руни – บัลแกเรีย" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Руни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="บัลแกเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runo%C3%B9" title="Runoù – เบรตัน" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Runoù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="เบรตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune" title="Rune – บอสเนีย" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rune" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="บอสเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_r%C3%BAnic" title="Alfabet rúnic – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfabet rúnic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runy" title="Runy – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Runy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%C4%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Рунăсем – ชูวัช" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Рунăсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ชูวัช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runealfabet" title="Runealfabet – เดนมาร์ก" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Runealfabet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="เดนมาร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="บทความคุณภาพ"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runen" title="Runen – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Runen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabey_Runki" title="Alfabey Runki – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Alfabey Runki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Ρούνοι – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρούνοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runes" title="Runes – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Runes" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runaj_alfabetoj" title="Runaj alfabetoj – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Runaj alfabetoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_r%C3%BAnico" title="Alfabeto rúnico – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfabeto rúnico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruunid" title="Ruunid – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ruunid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_erruniko" title="Alfabeto erruniko – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alfabeto erruniko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="خط رونی – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خط رونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riimukirjoitus" title="Riimukirjoitus – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Riimukirjoitus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAnir" title="Rúnir – แฟโร" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Rúnir" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="แฟโร" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune" title="Rune – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rune" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruunen" title="Ruunen – ฟริเซียนเหนือ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ruunen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ฟริเซียนเหนือ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runen" title="Runen – ฟริเซียนตะวันตก" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Runen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ฟริเซียนตะวันตก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_r%C3%BAnico" title="Alfabeto rúnico – กาลิเซีย" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alfabeto rúnico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="กาลิเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍉𐍃 – โกธิก" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍉𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="โกธิก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbyrlhit_Roonagh" title="Abbyrlhit Roonagh – มานซ์" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Abbyrlhit Roonagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="มานซ์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" title="אלפבית רוני – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלפבית רוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="रूनी लिपि – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रूनी लिपि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune" title="Rune – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rune" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAna%C3%ADr%C3%A1s" title="Rúnaírás – ฮังการี" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rúnaírás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ฮังการี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ռուներ – อาร์เมเนีย" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="อาร์เมเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_Rune" title="Alfabet Rune – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alfabet Rune" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runo-skribajo" title="Runo-skribajo – อีโด" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Runo-skribajo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="อีโด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="บทความคุณภาพ"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAnir" title="Rúnir – ไอซ์แลนด์" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rúnir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ไอซ์แลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_runico" title="Alfabeto runico – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto runico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="ルーン文字 – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルーン文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="บทความคัดสรร"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="რუნები – จอร์เจีย" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუნები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="จอร์เจีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83" title="Руналық жазу – คาซัค" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Руналық жазу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="คาซัค" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%AC_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="룬 문자 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="룬 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runae" title="Runae – ละติน" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Runae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ละติน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runas" title="Runas – ลิงกัวฟรังกาโนวา" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Runas" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="ลิงกัวฟรังกาโนวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runos" title="Runos – ลิทัวเนีย" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Runos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ลิทัวเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABnu_raksts" title="Rūnu raksts – ลัตเวีย" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rūnu raksts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ลัตเวีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abidy_ronika" title="Abidy ronika – มาลากาซี" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Abidy ronika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="มาลากาซี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рунска азбука – มาซิโดเนีย" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рунска азбука" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="มาซิโดเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune" title="Rune – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rune" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC" title="သစ်ထွင်းစာ – พม่า" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သစ်ထွင်းစာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="พม่า" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runes_(skrift)" title="Runes (skrift) – แซกซอนใต้" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Runes (skrift)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="แซกซอนใต้" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runen" title="Runen – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Runen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runer" title="Runer – นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Runer" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runer" title="Runer – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Runer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_runic" title="Alfabet runic – อ็อกซิตัน" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alfabet runic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="อ็อกซิตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80" title="ਰੂਨੀ ਲਿਪੀ – ปัญจาบ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਨੀ ਲਿਪੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ปัญจาบ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runy" title="Runy – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Runy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="رونی لپی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رونی لپی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runas" title="Runas – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Runas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run%C4%83" title="Rună – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rună" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="บทความคัดสรร"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Руны – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Руны" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Руналар – ซาคา" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Руналар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ซาคา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune" title="Rune – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rune" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runes" title="Runes – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Runes" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runy_(germ%C3%A1nske_p%C3%ADsmo)" title="Runy (germánske písmo) – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Runy (germánske písmo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runa" title="Runa – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Runa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeti_runik" title="Alfabeti runik – แอลเบเนีย" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alfabeti runik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="แอลเบเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Руне – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Руне" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runen" title="Runen – ฟรีเซียนซัทเธอร์แลนด์" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Runen" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="ฟรีเซียนซัทเธอร์แลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runor" title="Runor – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Runor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runik_yaz%C4%B1" title="Runik yazı – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Runik yazı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Руни – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Руни" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="رونی حروف تہجی – อูรดู" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رونی حروف تہجی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="อูรดู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runik_yozuv" title="Runik yozuv – อุซเบก" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Runik yozuv" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="อุซเบก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_Rune" title="Chữ Rune – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chữ Rune" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune_(abakadahan)" title="Rune (abakadahan) – วาเรย์" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rune (abakadahan)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="วาเรย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%8F%E5%8C%BF%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="虏匿字母 – จีนอู๋" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="虏匿字母" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="จีนอู๋" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%81%A9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="盧恩字母 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="盧恩字母" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%81%A9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="盧恩字母 – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Runes" hreflang="en"><span>วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82996" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;padding:0.25em; background:lightblue;">อักษรรูน<br /><div style="font-weight:normal"></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:CodexRunicus.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/CodexRunicus.jpeg/150px-CodexRunicus.jpeg" decoding="async" width="150" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/CodexRunicus.jpeg/225px-CodexRunicus.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/CodexRunicus.jpeg/300px-CodexRunicus.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="1135" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;">ชนิด</th><td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> อักษรสระ-พยัญชนะ </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">ช่วงยุค</div></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elder_Futhark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elder Futhark (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Elder Futhark</a> ในศตวรรษที่ 2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;">ทิศทาง</th><td>ซ้ายไปขวา, boustrophedon <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82996?uselang=th#P1406" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;">ภาษาพูด</th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="กลุ่มภาษาเจอร์แมนิก">กลุ่มภาษาเจอร์แมนิก</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ddd">อักษรที่เกี่ยวข้อง</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">ระบบแม่</div></th><td><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรฟินิเชีย">ฟินิเชีย</a><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรกรีก">กรีก</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรอิตาลีโบราณ">อิตาลีโบราณ</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>อักษรรูน</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">ระบบลูก</div></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Younger_Futhark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Younger Futhark (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Younger Futhark</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-Saxon_runes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglo-Saxon runes (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Anglo-Saxon futhorc</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ddd">ISO 15924</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_15924&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 15924 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ISO 15924</a></th><td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7800872">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">Runr</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7800872"><span class="monospaced">(211)</span>, Runic</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%94" title="ยูนิโคด">ยูนิโคด</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">ยูนิโคดแฝง</div></th><td>Runic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">ช่วงยูนิโคด</div></th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U16A0.pdf">U+16A0–U+16FF</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="noprint selfref" style="text-align:center;text-align:left; background:#eee;"><span style="font-size:80%"> บทความนี้ประกอบด้วย<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonetic_transcription&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phonetic transcription (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">สัญกรณ์การออกเสียง</a>ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5" title="สัทอักษรสากล">สัทอักษรสากล</a> (IPA)</b> สำหรับคำแนะนำเบื้องต้นเกี่ยวกับสัญลักษณ์ IPA โปรดดู <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:IPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="วิธีใช้:IPA (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">วิธีใช้:สัทอักษรสากล</a>  สำหรับความแตกต่างระหว่าง <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/ /</span> และ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">⟨ ⟩</span> ดูที่ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5#วงเล็บเหลี่ยมและทับ" title="สัทอักษรสากล">สัทอักษรสากล § วงเล็บเหลี่ยมและทับ</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Vaksalastenen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Vaksalastenen.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="254" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="254" /></a><figcaption>จารึกอักษรฟูทาร์กใหม่บน Vaksala Runestone</figcaption></figure> <p><b>อักษรรูน</b> หรือ <b>อักษรรูนิก</b> ในภาษาพื้นเมืองเรียกฟูทาร์ก ซึ่งหมายถึงตัวอักษร ข้อความ หรือจารึก ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาเยอรมัน">ภาษาเยอรมัน</a>เก่าหมายถึง ประหลาดหรือความลับ อักษรนี้มีความเกี่ยวข้องกับเวทมนตร์ ทฤษฎีเกี่ยวกับจุดกำเนิดของอักษรรูน ได้แก่ อักษรนี้ถูกออกแบบโดยอิสระ ไม่ขึ้นกับอักษรอื่น การเขียนเริ่มขึ้นในยุโรปใต้และถูกนำไปทางเหนือโดยเผ่าเยอรมัน เป็นแบบให้<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="อักษรละติน">อักษรละติน</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรอีทรัสคัน">อักษรอีทรัสคัน</a> </p><p>จารึกอักษรรูนที่เก่าที่สุดพบราว พ.ศ. 643 แต่จารึกส่วนใหญ่อยู่ในราว พ.ศ. 1600 พบทั้งยุโรปตั้งแต่<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แหลมบอลข่าน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แหลมบอลข่าน</a> เยอรมัน <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="สแกนดิเนเวีย">สแกนดิเนเวีย</a> ไปจนถึง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="อังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a> ทิศทางการเขียนช่วงแรกผันแปรมาก โดยมากอยู่ในแนวซ้ายไปขวา ไม่มีการแบ่งช่องว่างระหว่างคำมากนัก โดยอาจมีการใช้จุดหนึ่งจุดหรือมากว่า(►มากกว่า) จารึกที่พบมีทั้งจารึกบนผาสูง หินขนาดใหญ่ สิ่งก่อสร้าง จารึกทางศาสนาและเวทมนตร์ จารึกเกี่ยวกับการค้าและการเมือง จดหมายส่วนบุคคล ข้อความสั้นๆและจารึกในงานศิลปะ </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="รูปแบบ"><span id=".E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B9.E0.B8.9B.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.9A"></span>รูปแบบ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: รูปแบบ"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:01_Runes_of_the_Elder_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_%C3%A4lteren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/01_Runes_of_the_Elder_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_%C3%A4lteren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg/220px-01_Runes_of_the_Elder_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_%C3%A4lteren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/01_Runes_of_the_Elder_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_%C3%A4lteren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg/330px-01_Runes_of_the_Elder_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_%C3%A4lteren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/01_Runes_of_the_Elder_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_%C3%A4lteren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg/440px-01_Runes_of_the_Elder_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_%C3%A4lteren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1815" data-file-height="1467" /></a><figcaption>อักษรฟูทาร์กรุ่นแรก</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:02_Runes_of_the_Younger_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_j%C3%BCngeren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/02_Runes_of_the_Younger_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_j%C3%BCngeren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg/220px-02_Runes_of_the_Younger_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_j%C3%BCngeren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/02_Runes_of_the_Younger_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_j%C3%BCngeren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg/330px-02_Runes_of_the_Younger_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_j%C3%BCngeren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/02_Runes_of_the_Younger_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_j%C3%BCngeren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg/440px-02_Runes_of_the_Younger_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_j%C3%BCngeren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2599" data-file-height="1309" /></a><figcaption>อักษรฟูทาร์กรุ่นใหม่</figcaption></figure> <p>อักษรรูนมีหลายรูปแบบดังต่อไปนี้ </p> <ul><li>อักษรฟูทาร์กรุ่นแรก (Elder Futhark) เป็นรูปแบบเก่าสุดที่พบในยุโรป ที่เป็นบ้านเกิดของเผ่าเยอรมัน รวมทั้งสแกนดิเนเวีย รูปแบบอื่นๆอาจพัฒนาไปจากรูปแบบนี้</li> <li>อักษรรูนกอทิก ใช้เขียน<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ภาษากอทิก (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ภาษากอทิก</a>ที่เป็นภาษาเยอรมันตะวันออก แต่จุดเริ่มต้นยังไม่ชัดเจน จารึกอักษรนี้เหลืออยู่น้อยมาก ถูกแทนที่ด้วยอักษรอื่นเมื่อราว พ.ศ. 900</li> <li>อักษรฟูทาร์ก แองโกล-แซกซอน (Anglo-Saxon Futhorc) มีการเพิ่มอักษรบางตัวเข้ามาเพื่อใช้เขียน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5-%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ภาษาแองโกล-แซกซอน">ภาษาแองโกล-แซกซอน</a> ซึ่งเป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2" title="ภาษาอังกฤษเก่า">ภาษาอังกฤษเก่า</a> คาดว่าอักษรนี้เข้าไปในอังกฤษเมื่อ พ.ศ. 1000 และใช้มาจนถึง พ..ศ. 1600 มักพบบนเครื่องประดับ ก้อนหิน อาวุธ และอื่น ๆ</li> <li>อักษรฟูทาร์กรุ่นใหม่ (Younger Futhark) พัฒนาจากอักษรรุ่นเก่า และคงตัวอยู่จนถึง พ.ศ. 1300 เป็นอักษรหลักใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="นอร์เวย์">นอร์เวย์</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="สวีเดน">สวีเดน</a> และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="เดนมาร์ก">เดนมาร์ก</a> จนกระทั่งถูกแทนที่ด้วยอักษรละตินเมื่อ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="ศาสนาคริสต์">ศาสนาคริสต์</a>แพร่ไปถึง อักษรใน 3 ประเทศนี้ต่างกันเล็กน้อย</li></ul> <p>หลังพุทธศตวรรษที่ 23 การใช้อักษรรูนลดน้อยลง เมื่อศาสนาคริสต์แพร่หลายเข้ามา อักษรรูนถูกโยงเข้ากับเวทมนตร์คาถาซึ่งต้องถูกกำจัด ในปัจจุบันมีการฟื้นฟูการใช้อักษรรูนอีกครั้งแต่ใช้ในการพยากรณ์. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อักษรรูนกับศาสตร์ลึกลับ"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A9.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B9.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.A8.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.A3.E0.B9.8C.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.B6.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.9A"></span>อักษรรูนกับศาสตร์ลึกลับ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อักษรรูนกับศาสตร์ลึกลับ"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>อักษรรูนถือเป็นอักษรศักดิ์สิทธิ์ของกลุ่มชนชาติที่ใช้ภาษากลุ่มเยอรมัน มีการนำชื่อเทพเจ้าต่างๆ มารวมเข้ากับชื่ออักษร ต่อมาได้แพร่หลายเข้าไปใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="สแกนดิเนเวีย">สแกนดิเนเวีย</a> มีการสลักอักษรรูนไว้ในเหรียญกษาปต์ โลงศพ หรือใช้ประดับตกแต่งสถานที่ ในยุคนาซีมีการฟื้นฟูการใช้อักษรรูนอีกครั้ง แต่เมื่อ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="นาซี">นาซี</a>หมดอำนาจก็เสื่อมความนิยมไป จนปัจจุบันการทำนายด้วยอักษรรูนเป็นที่นิยมและนำกลับมาศึกษากันอีกครั้ง มีการกำหนดวิธีทำนายมากมาย เช่น การโยนกิ่งไม้เพื่อให้เกิดเป็นรูปอักษรรูนหรือสุ่มหยิบก้อนหินที่สลักรูปอักษรรูนไว้ </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>อักษรรูน </th> <th>ถอดเสียง </th> <th>IPA </th> <th>ชื่อ </th> <th>ความหมาย </th> <th>ความหมายที่ใช้ในการทำนาย </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_fehu.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="f"><img alt="f" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Runic_letter_fehu.svg/14px-Runic_letter_fehu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Runic_letter_fehu.svg/21px-Runic_letter_fehu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Runic_letter_fehu.svg/28px-Runic_letter_fehu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <th>f </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/f/</span> </td> <td>fehu เฟฮู </td> <td>ปศุสัตว์ </td> <td>ความมั่งคั่งร่ำรวย </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_uruz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="u"><img alt="u" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Runic_letter_uruz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_uruz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Runic_letter_uruz.svg/21px-Runic_letter_uruz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Runic_letter_uruz.svg/28px-Runic_letter_uruz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <th>u </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/u<span class="wrap"> </span>(ː)/</span> </td> <td>?*ūruz อูรุศ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="กระทิง">กระทิง</a>ป่า </td> <td>พลังอำนาจ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_thurisaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="th,þ"><img alt="th,þ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Runic_letter_thurisaz.svg/12px-Runic_letter_thurisaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Runic_letter_thurisaz.svg/18px-Runic_letter_thurisaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Runic_letter_thurisaz.svg/25px-Runic_letter_thurisaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Þ">þ</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/θ/,<span class="wrap"> </span>/ð/</span> </td> <td>?*þurisaz ธูรีสัศ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B9%8C" title="ยักษ์">ยักษ์</a> </td> <td>อาณาเขต ขอบเขต </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_ansuz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="a"><img alt="a" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Runic_letter_ansuz.svg/9px-Runic_letter_ansuz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Runic_letter_ansuz.svg/13px-Runic_letter_ansuz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Runic_letter_ansuz.svg/18px-Runic_letter_ansuz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="18" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <th>a </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/a<span class="wrap"> </span>(ː)/</span> </td> <td>ansuz อันสุศ </td> <td>เทพองค์หนึ่ง </td> <td>สถานการณ์ที่เปลี่ยนแปลงอย่างรวดเร็ว </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_raido.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="r"><img alt="r" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Runic_letter_raido.svg/12px-Runic_letter_raido.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Runic_letter_raido.svg/18px-Runic_letter_raido.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Runic_letter_raido.svg/24px-Runic_letter_raido.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <th>r </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/r/</span> </td> <td>*raidōไรโด </td> <td>ขี่ </td> <td>การเดินทาง </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_kauna.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="k"><img alt="k" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Runic_letter_kauna.svg/13px-Runic_letter_kauna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Runic_letter_kauna.svg/19px-Runic_letter_kauna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Runic_letter_kauna.svg/26px-Runic_letter_kauna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="26" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <th>k </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/k/</span> </td> <td>?*kaunan คาวนัน </td> <td>คำสาบาน </td> <td>ความต้องการได้รับและถ่ายทอดความรู้ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_gebo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="g"><img alt="g" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Runic_letter_gebo.svg/14px-Runic_letter_gebo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Runic_letter_gebo.svg/21px-Runic_letter_gebo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Runic_letter_gebo.svg/28px-Runic_letter_gebo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <th>g </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/g/</span> </td> <td>*gebō เกโบ </td> <td>ของขวัญ </td> <td>การให้และรับ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_wunjo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="w"><img alt="w" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Runic_letter_wunjo.svg/10px-Runic_letter_wunjo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Runic_letter_wunjo.svg/15px-Runic_letter_wunjo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Runic_letter_wunjo.svg/20px-Runic_letter_wunjo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <th>w </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/w/</span> </td> <td>*wunjō วุนโย </td> <td>ความสุข </td> <td>รักแท้ ข่าวดีครอบครัวที่มีความสุข </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_haglaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="h"><img alt="h" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Runic_letter_haglaz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_haglaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Runic_letter_haglaz.svg/21px-Runic_letter_haglaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Runic_letter_haglaz.svg/28px-Runic_letter_haglaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Rune-H%C3%A6gl.png" class="mw-file-description" title="h"><img alt="h" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Rune-H%C3%A6gl.png/14px-Rune-H%C3%A6gl.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Rune-H%C3%A6gl.png/21px-Rune-H%C3%A6gl.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Rune-H%C3%A6gl.png/28px-Rune-H%C3%A6gl.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> </td> <th>h </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/h/</span> </td> <td>*hagalaz ฮอกลา </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%9A" title="ลูกเห็บ">ลูกเห็บ</a> </td> <td>ความโง่เขลา หวาดกลัว เหตุการณ์ประหลาด </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_naudiz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="n"><img alt="n" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Runic_letter_naudiz.svg/12px-Runic_letter_naudiz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Runic_letter_naudiz.svg/18px-Runic_letter_naudiz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Runic_letter_naudiz.svg/24px-Runic_letter_naudiz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <th>n </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/n/</span> </td> <td>*naudiz นาวดิศ </td> <td>ความทุกข์ </td> <td>ความสงสัย ไม่มั่นใจในความปลอดภัย </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_isaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="i"><img alt="i" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Runic_letter_isaz.svg/2px-Runic_letter_isaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Runic_letter_isaz.svg/3px-Runic_letter_isaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Runic_letter_isaz.svg/4px-Runic_letter_isaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <th>i </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/i<span class="wrap"> </span>(ː)/</span> </td> <td>*īsaz ไอสัศ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87" title="น้ำแข็ง">น้ำแข็ง</a> </td> <td>ความล่าช้า </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_jeran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="j"><img alt="j" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Runic_letter_jeran.svg/14px-Runic_letter_jeran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Runic_letter_jeran.svg/21px-Runic_letter_jeran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Runic_letter_jeran.svg/28px-Runic_letter_jeran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="38" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <th>j </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/j/</span> </td> <td>*jēra- เยรัน </td> <td>ปี </td> <td>การจบสิ้นและการเกิดใหม่ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_iwaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ï,ei"><img alt="ï,ei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Runic_letter_iwaz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_iwaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Runic_letter_iwaz.svg/21px-Runic_letter_iwaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Runic_letter_iwaz.svg/28px-Runic_letter_iwaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><center><b>ï</b> (or <b>æ</b>) </center> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/æː/</span> (?) </td> <td>*ī (h) waz/*ei (h) waz เอวัศ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B9" title="ก้ามปู">ก้ามปู</a>สีม่วง </td> <td>ความสำเร็จ ความเจริญก้าวหน้า </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_pertho.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="p"><img alt="p" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Runic_letter_pertho.svg/12px-Runic_letter_pertho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Runic_letter_pertho.svg/18px-Runic_letter_pertho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Runic_letter_pertho.svg/25px-Runic_letter_pertho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <th>p </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/p/</span> </td> <td>?*perþ- เพร์โธ </td> <td>ปริศนา </td> <td>ความลับ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_algiz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="z"><img alt="z" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Runic_letter_algiz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_algiz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Runic_letter_algiz.svg/21px-Runic_letter_algiz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Runic_letter_algiz.svg/28px-Runic_letter_algiz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <th>z </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/z/</span> </td> <td>?*algiz อัลจีศ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AA" title="กวางมูส">กวางมูส</a> </td> <td>การบำบัดรักษา การปกป้อง </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_sowilo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="s"><img alt="s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Runic_letter_sowilo.svg/12px-Runic_letter_sowilo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Runic_letter_sowilo.svg/18px-Runic_letter_sowilo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Runic_letter_sowilo.svg/24px-Runic_letter_sowilo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_sowilo_variant.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="s"><img alt="s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Runic_letter_sowilo_variant.svg/12px-Runic_letter_sowilo_variant.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Runic_letter_sowilo_variant.svg/18px-Runic_letter_sowilo_variant.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Runic_letter_sowilo_variant.svg/24px-Runic_letter_sowilo_variant.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <th>s </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/s/</span> </td> <td>*sōwilō โสเวโล </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="พระอาทิตย์">พระอาทิตย์</a> </td> <td>ความรัก ความอบอุ่น ความปลอดภัย </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="t"><img alt="t" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg/21px-Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg/28px-Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <th>t </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/t/</span> </td> <td>*tīwaz/*teiwaz ไทวัศ </td> <td>เทพทอร์ </td> <td>การผูกมัดด้วยคำสัญญา คำสาบาน </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_berkanan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="b"><img alt="b" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Runic_letter_berkanan.svg/12px-Runic_letter_berkanan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Runic_letter_berkanan.svg/18px-Runic_letter_berkanan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Runic_letter_berkanan.svg/25px-Runic_letter_berkanan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <th>b </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/b/</span> </td> <td>*berkanan เบอร์คานัน </td> <td>ไม้เบิร์ช </td> <td>การกำเนิดใหม่ ข่าวดี </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_ehwaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="e"><img alt="e" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Runic_letter_ehwaz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_ehwaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Runic_letter_ehwaz.svg/21px-Runic_letter_ehwaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Runic_letter_ehwaz.svg/28px-Runic_letter_ehwaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <th>e </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/e<span class="wrap"> </span>(ː)/</span> </td> <td>*ehwaz เอะวัศ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="ม้า">ม้า</a> </td> <td>การเปลี่ยนแปลงในทางที่ดี </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_mannaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="m"><img alt="m" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Runic_letter_mannaz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_mannaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Runic_letter_mannaz.svg/21px-Runic_letter_mannaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Runic_letter_mannaz.svg/28px-Runic_letter_mannaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <th>m </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/m/</span> </td> <td>*mannaz มันนัศ </td> <td>มนุษย์ </td> <td>ความรอบคอบ รัดกุมการคิดให้มากขึ้น </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_laukaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="l"><img alt="l" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Runic_letter_laukaz.svg/12px-Runic_letter_laukaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Runic_letter_laukaz.svg/18px-Runic_letter_laukaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Runic_letter_laukaz.svg/24px-Runic_letter_laukaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <th>l </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/l/</span> </td> <td>*laguz ลาวนัศ </td> <td>พืชล้มลุกที่มีกลิ่นหอม </td> <td>ความรักที่เก็บซ่อนไว้ภายใน </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_ingwaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ŋ"><img alt="ŋ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Runic_letter_ingwaz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_ingwaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Runic_letter_ingwaz.svg/21px-Runic_letter_ingwaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Runic_letter_ingwaz.svg/28px-Runic_letter_ingwaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Rune-Ing.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ŋ"><img alt="ŋ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Rune-Ing.png/16px-Rune-Ing.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Rune-Ing.png/24px-Rune-Ing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Rune-Ing.png/32px-Rune-Ing.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_ingwaz_variant2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ŋ"><img alt="ŋ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Runic_letter_ingwaz_variant2.svg/16px-Runic_letter_ingwaz_variant2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Runic_letter_ingwaz_variant2.svg/24px-Runic_letter_ingwaz_variant2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Runic_letter_ingwaz_variant2.svg/32px-Runic_letter_ingwaz_variant2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/%C5%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŋ">ŋ</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/ŋ/</span> </td> <td>*ingwaz อิงวัศ </td> <td>ผู้ชาย </td> <td>สุขภาพ ความกินดีอยู่ดี ชื่อเสียงโด่งดัง </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_othalan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="o"><img alt="o" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Runic_letter_othalan.svg/14px-Runic_letter_othalan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Runic_letter_othalan.svg/21px-Runic_letter_othalan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Runic_letter_othalan.svg/28px-Runic_letter_othalan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="41" data-file-height="57" /></a></span> </td> <th>o </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/o<span class="wrap"> </span>(ː)/</span> </td> <td>*ōþila-/*ōþala- โอธาลา </td> <td>แผ่นดิน การสักการบูชาที่สำคัญ </td> <td>เหตุการณ์ที่ขึ้นกับเวลา </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Runic_letter_dagaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="d"><img alt="d" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Runic_letter_dagaz.svg/14px-Runic_letter_dagaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Runic_letter_dagaz.svg/21px-Runic_letter_dagaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Runic_letter_dagaz.svg/28px-Runic_letter_dagaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <th>d </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">/d/</span> </td> <td>*dagaz ดากัศ </td> <td>วัน </td> <td>ความสุข ความรุ่งเรือง </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="ระบบการเขียน">ระบบการเขียน</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3" title="ประวัติศาสตร์อักษร">ประวัติศาสตร์อักษร</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Six_glyphs.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Six_glyphs.svg/75px-Six_glyphs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Six_glyphs.svg/113px-Six_glyphs.svg.png 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href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="อักษรเปอร์เซียกลาง">เปอร์เซียกลาง</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="อักษรพาร์เทียน">พาร์เทียน</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ชุดตัวอักษรฟินิเชีย">ฟินิเชีย</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="อักษรมันดาอิก">มันดาอิก</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรยาวี">ยาวี</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรยูการิติก">ยูการิติก</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ชุดตัวอักษรแอราเมอิก">แอราเมอิก</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรอาระเบียใต้">อาระเบียใต้</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="ชุดตัวอักษรอาหรับ">อาหรับ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9" title="ชุดตัวอักษรฮีบรู">ฮีบรู</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรฮีบรูระยะแรก">ฮีบรูระยะแรก</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="ไฮเออโรกลีฟอียิปต์">ไฮเออโรกลีฟอียิปต์</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A" title="อักษรสระประกอบ">อักษรสระประกอบ</a> <br /> (Abugidas)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="ตระกูลอักษรพราหมี">ตระกูลอักษรพราหมี</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B0" title="อักษรกทัมพะ">กทัมพะ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0" title="อักษรกลิงคะ">กลิงคะ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4" title="อักษรกวิ">กวิ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="อักษรกะยา">กะยา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="อักษรกันนาดา">กันนาดา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรกันนาดาโบราณ">กันนาดาโบราณ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B5" title="อักษรไกถี">ไกถี</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1" title="อักษรขอม">ขอม</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2" title="อักษรขอมไทย">ขอมไทย</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อักษรขอมบาลี (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ขอมบาลี</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B5" title="อักษรขโรษฐี">ขโรษฐี</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3" title="อักษรเขมร">เขมร</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95" title="อักษรคุชราต">คุชราต</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0" title="อักษรคุปตะ">คุปตะ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5" title="อักษรคุรมุขี">คุรมุขี</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2" title="อักษรลายตัย">ลายตัย</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" title="อักษรจาม">จาม</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2" title="อักษรชวา">ชวา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อักษรชักมา (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ชักมา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อักษรซุนดา (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ซุนดา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อักษรซุนดาโบราณ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ซุนดาโบราณ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรโซยอมโบ">โซยอมโบ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8" title="อักษรดิเวส อกุรุ">ดิเวส อกุรุ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อักษรตกริ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ตกริ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2" title="อักษรตักบันวา">ตักบันวา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรเตลุกุ">เตลุกุ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรโทแคเรียน">โทแคเรียน</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AC" title="อักษรทมิฬ">ทมิฬ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="อักษรทิเบต">ทิเบต</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="อักษรเทวนาครี">เทวนาครี</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94" title="อักษรไทเวียด">ไทเวียด</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%87" title="อักษรไทใต้คง">ไทใต้คง</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2" title="อักษรไทย">ไทย</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" title="อักษรไทยฝักขาม">ฝักขาม</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อักษรไทยนิเทศ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ไทยนิเทศ</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="อักษรไทน้อย">ไทน้อย</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD" title="อักษรไทลื้อ">ไทลื้อ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%88" title="อักษรไทใหญ่">ไทใหญ่</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1" title="อักษรไทอาหม">ไทอาหม</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="อักษรธรรมล้านนา">ธรรมล้านนา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7" title="อักษรธรรมลาว">ธรรมลาว</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อักษรเนปาล (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เนปาล</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="อักษรบาตัก">บาตัก</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="อักษรไบบายิน">ไบบายิน</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="อักษรบาหลี">บาหลี</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94" title="อักษรบูฮิด">บูฮิด</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรเบงกอล">เบงกอล</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0" title="อักษรปัลลวะ">ปัลลวะ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2" title="อักษรพม่า">พม่า</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="อักษรพราหมี">พราหมี</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C-%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรพักส์-ปา">พักส์-ปา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87" title="อักษรม้ง">ม้ง</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0" title="อักษรมณีปุระ">มณีปุระ</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8D" title="อักษรมอญ">มอญ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AC%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="อักษรมลยาฬัม">มลยาฬัม</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อักษรมิถิลักศาร์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">มิถิลักศาร์</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%B5" title="อักษรโมฑี">โมฑี</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="อักษรรัญชนา">รัญชนา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="อักษรเรอจัง">เรอจัง</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="อักษรลนตารา">ลนตารา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%B2" title="อักษรลัณฑา">ลัณฑา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรล้านนา">ล้านนา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7" title="อักษรลาว">ลาว</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9" title="อักษรลิมบู">ลิมบู</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2" title="อักษรเลปชา">เลปชา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="อักษรวรังจิติ">วรังจิติ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2" title="อักษรศารทา">ศารทา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="อักษรเสาราษฏร์">เสาราษฏร์</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5" title="อักษรสิงหล">สิงหล</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="อักษรสิทธัม">สิทธัม</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="อักษรสิเลฏินาครี">สิเลฏินาครี</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87_%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87" title="อักษรโสรัง สมเป็ง">โสรัง สมเป็ง</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="อักษรโอริยา">โอริยา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD" title="อักษรฮานูโนโอ">ฮานูโนโอ</a> <b>·</b>  <br /> <b>อื่น ๆ</b>: <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%8B" title="อักษรกืออึซ">กืออึซ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0" title="อักษรทานะ">ทานะ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อักษรเบรลล์ญี่ปุ่น (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เบรลล์ญี่ปุ่น</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94" title="อักษรพอลลาร์ด">พอลลาร์ด</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="อักษรเมรอยติก">เมรอยติก</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boyd%27s_Syllabic_Shorthand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boyd's Syllabic Shorthand (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Boyd's Syllabic Shorthand</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebrew_cursive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hebrew cursive (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Hebrew cursive</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitman_Shorthand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pitman Shorthand (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Pitman Shorthand</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Natural_Shorthand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0-%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อักษรสระ-พยัญชนะ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อักษรสระ-พยัญชนะ</a> <br /> (Alphabets)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Linear</b>: <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรกรีก">กรีก</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="อักษรกลาโกลิติก">กลาโกลิติก</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรกอธิก">กอธิก</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรคอปติก">คอปติก</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="อักษรจอร์เจีย">จอร์เจีย</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="จู้อิน">จู้อิน</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="อักษรซีริลลิก">ซีริลลิก</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84" title="อักษรทิฟินาค">ทิฟินาค</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD" title="อักษรไทลื้อ">ไทลื้อ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2" title="อักษรบัสซา">บัสซา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B9" title="อักษรเบยทากุกจู">เบยทากุกจู</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อักษรโบสถ์สลาโวนิกโบราณ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">โบสถ์สลาโวนิกโบราณ</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93" title="อักษรเปอร์มิกโบราณ">เปอร์มิกโบราณ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="อักษรฟราเซอร์">ฟราเซอร์</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="อักษรมองโกเลีย">มองโกเลีย</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรแมนจู">แมนจู</a> <b>·</b>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">รูน</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรรูนฮังการี">รูนฮังการี</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="อักษรละติน">ละติน</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="อักษรเวเนติก">เวเนติก</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="อักษรสันถาลี">สันถาลี</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5" title="สัทอักษรสากล">สัทอักษรสากล</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรอเวสตะ">อเวสตะ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรออร์คอน">ออร์คอน</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ชุดตัวอักษรอาร์มีเนีย">อาร์มีเนีย</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรอิตาลีโบราณ">อิตาลีโบราณ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ชุดตัวอักษรอิสมาน">อิสมาน</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรอีทรัสคัน">อีทรัสคัน</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81" title="อักษรอึนโก">อึนโก</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="อักษรเอลบ์ซาน">เอลบ์ซาน</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="อักษรโอคัม">โอคัม</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A" title="อักษรไอริช">ไอริช</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%A5" title="อักษรฮันกึล">ฮันกึล</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greco-Iberian_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaic_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandaic alphabet (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Mandaic</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ol_Chiki_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ol Chiki script (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Ol Chiki</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shavian_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shavian alphabet (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Shavian alphabet</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Visible_Speech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visible Speech (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Visible Speech</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ชวเลขเกรกก์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ชวเลขเกรกก์</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ชวเลขกาเบลสแบร์เกอร์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ชวเลขกาเบลสแบร์เกอร์</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ชวเลขอีเคลกติก (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ชวเลขอีเคลกติก</a> <b>·</b> <br /> <b>Non-linear</b>: <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="อักษรเบรลล์">เบรลล์</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อักษรเบรลล์ฮีบรู (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เบรลล์ฮีบรู</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อักษรเบรลล์เกาหลี (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เบรลล์เกาหลี</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA" title="รหัสมอร์ส">รหัสมอร์ส</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="การตีธงสัญญาณ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การตีธงสัญญาณ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="International maritime signal flags">ธงประมวลสากล</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Point&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New York Point (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">New York Point</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semaphore_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semaphore line (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Semaphore line</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อักษรคติ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อักษรคติ</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรภาพ">อักษรภาพ</a> <br /> (Ideograms &<br /> Pictograms)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2" title="อักษรตงปา">ตงปา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blissymbol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blissymbol (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Blissymbol</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=DanceWriting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DanceWriting (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">DanceWriting</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mi%27kmaq_hieroglyphic_writing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Mi'kmaq</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Epoch_Notation_Painting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Epoch Notation Painting (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">New Epoch Notation Painting</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=SignWriting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SignWriting (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">SignWriting</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อักษรคำ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อักษรคำ</a> <br /> (Logograms)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>พื้นฐานจากอียิปต์</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อักษรเดโมติก (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เดโมติก</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เฮียราติก (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เฮียราติก</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="ไฮโรกลิฟ">ไฮโรกลิฟ</a> <br /> <p><b>พื้นฐานจากพยางค์</b>: <b>อักษรในอานาโตเลีย</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรคาเรีย">คาเรีย</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรลิเชีย">ลิเชีย</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="อักษรลิเดีย">ลิเดีย</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรลูเวีย">ลูเวีย</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1" title="อักษรรูปลิ่ม">รูปลิ่ม</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="อักษรซูเมอร์">ซูเมอร์</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%94" title="อักษรแอกแคด">แอกแคด</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="อักษรอีลาไมต์">อีลาไมต์</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2" title="อักษรตงปา">ตงปา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95" title="อักษรตังกุต">ตังกุต</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="อักษรมายา">มายา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรอี้">อี้</a><br /> <b>พื้นฐานจากอักษรจีน</b>: <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4" title="คันจิ">คันจิ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อักษรคีตัน">คีตัน</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="อักษรจีน">อักษรจีน</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1" title="อักษรจีนตัวเต็ม">ตัวเต็ม</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="อักษรจีนตัวย่อ">ตัวย่อ</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1" title="จื๋อโนม">จื๋อโนม</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99" title="อักษรจูร์เชน">จูร์เชน</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5" title="อักษรน่าซี">น่าซี</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="สือดิบผู้จ่อง">สือดิบผู้จ่อง</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ฮันจา">ฮันจา</a> <br /> </p> <b>อื่น ๆ</b>: <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="ระบบการเขียนในอเมริกากลาง">อเมริกากลาง</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรวินคา">วินคา</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B6%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อักษรกึ่งพยางค์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อักษรกึ่งพยางค์</a> <br /> (Semi-syllabaries)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Full semi-syllabaries</b>: <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="จู้อิน">จู้อิน</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="อักษรเซลติเบเรียน">เซลติเบเรียน</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="อักษรไอบีเรีย">ไอบีเรีย</a> <br /> <b>Redundant semi-syllabaries</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Southwestern_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southwestern script (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Southwestern script</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อักษรพยางค์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อักษรพยางค์</a> <br /> (Syllabaries)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5" title="อักษรกเปลเล">กเปลเล</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="คะตะกะนะ">คะตะกะนะ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="อักษรกลุ่มเกาะแคโรไลน์">แคโรไลน์</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="อักษรไซปรัส">ไซปรัส</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรนดยุกา">นดยุกา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรนหวู่ซู">นหวู่ซู</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรเปอร์เซียโบราณ">เปอร์เซียโบราณ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="มันโยงะนะ">มันโยงะนะ</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94" title="อักษรเมนเด">เมนเด</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="อักษรโลมา">โลมา</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD" title="อักษรลิเนียร์เอ">ลิเนียร์เอ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5" title="อักษรลิเนียร์บี">ลิเนียร์บี</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A7" title="อักษรไว">ไว</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อักษรอฟากา (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อฟากา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรอี้">อี้</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="ฮิระงะนะ">ฮิระงะนะ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Woleaian script (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Woleaian</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรเชอโรกี">เชอโรกี</a> <b>·</b> <br /> <b>อักษรพื้นเมืองในแคนาดา</b>: <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="อักษรครี">ครี</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="อักษรคาร์เรีย">คาร์เรีย</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95" title="อักษรแบล็กฟุต">แบล็กฟุต </a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95" title="อักษรอินุกติตุต">อินุกติตุต</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7" title="อักษรโอจิบเว">โอจิบเว</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free 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href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88" title="พิเศษ:หมวดหมู่">หมวดหมู่</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87_%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD_15924&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="หมวดหมู่:แบบตัวเขียนที่มีรหัสสี่อักษรของ ไอเอสโอ 15924 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แบบตัวเขียนที่มีรหัสสี่อักษรของ ไอเอสโอ 15924</a></li><li><a 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