CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Bonar Law - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"3dbf5a34-be87-4756-8885-541ae1e95e55","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Bonar_Law","wgTitle":"Bonar Law","wgCurRevisionId":1257819516,"wgRevisionId":1257819516,"wgArticleId":218283,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","EngvarB from May 2019","Use dmy dates from August 2024","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2022","Articles needing additional references from March 2016","All articles needing additional references","Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016", "Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch","Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata","Pages using Sister project links with default search","Bonar Law","1858 births","1923 deaths","20th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom","British chess players","British MPs who died in office","British Presbyterians","Canadian emigrants to the United Kingdom","Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom","Scottish Tory MPs (pre-1912)","Unionist Party (Scotland) MPs","Deaths from esophageal cancer in England","People educated at the High School of Glasgow","Leaders of the Conservative Party (UK)","Leaders of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom","Lords Privy Seal","Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies","Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Glasgow constituencies","People from Kent County, New Brunswick","People from Helensburgh","Politics of the London Borough of Southwark", "Rectors of the University of Glasgow","UK MPs 1900–1906","UK MPs 1906–1910","UK MPs 1910","UK MPs 1910–1918","UK MPs 1918–1922","UK MPs 1922–1923","Conservative Party prime ministers of the United Kingdom","Canadian members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom","Canadian people of Scottish descent","Canadian people of Ulster-Scottish descent","Secretaries of State for the Colonies","Parliamentary Secretaries to the Board of Trade","Burials at Westminster Abbey"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Bonar_Law","wgRelevantArticleId":218283,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en", "pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q166663","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022", "ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg/1200px-A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1652"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg/800px-A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1101"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg/640px-A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="881"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Bonar Law - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonar_Law"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonar_Law"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Bonar_Law rootpage-Bonar_Law skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Bonar+Law" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bonar+Law" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Bonar+Law" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bonar+Law" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Early life and education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Business career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entry_into_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entry_into_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Entry into politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entry_into_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tariff_reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tariff_reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Tariff reform </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tariff_reform-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Tariff reform subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Tariff_reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 In opposition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_People's_Budget_and_the_House_of_Lords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_People's_Budget_and_the_House_of_Lords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 The People's Budget and the House of Lords </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_People's_Budget_and_the_House_of_Lords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December_1910_general_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December_1910_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.2 December 1910 general election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December_1910_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Leader of the Conservative Party </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Leader of the Conservative Party subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Social_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Social policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-More_tariff_reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#More_tariff_reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 More tariff reform </div> </a> <ul id="toc-More_tariff_reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Irish_Home_Rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irish_Home_Rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Irish Home Rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Irish_Home_Rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Third_Home_Rule_Bill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Home_Rule_Bill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1 Third Home Rule Bill </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Home_Rule_Bill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_passage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_passage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.2 Second passage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_passage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Army_(Annual)_Act" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Army_(Annual)_Act"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.3 Army (Annual) Act </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Army_(Annual)_Act-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 World War I </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-World_War_I-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle World War I subsection </button> <ul id="toc-World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coalition_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coalition_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Coalition government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coalition_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background_and_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background_and_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 Background and information </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background_and_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_Secretary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_Secretary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.2 Colonial Secretary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_Secretary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_and_prime_minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_and_prime_minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Post-war and prime minister </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_and_prime_minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resignation_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resignation_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Resignation and death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resignation_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bonar_Law's_government,_October_1922_–_May_1923" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bonar_Law's_government,_October_1922_–_May_1923"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Bonar Law's government, October 1922 – May 1923 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bonar_Law's_government,_October_1922_–_May_1923-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Bonar Law's government, October 1922 – May 1923 subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Bonar_Law's_government,_October_1922_–_May_1923-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Changes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_depictions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_depictions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Cultural depictions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_depictions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Bonar Law</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" > 57 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%88" title="أندرو بونار لو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أندرو بونار لو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Эндру Бонар Лоу – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эндру Бонар Лоу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%BE" title="Эндру Бонар Ло – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эндру Бонар Ло" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8E_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Ендрю Бонар Лоу – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ендрю Бонар Лоу" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81_%CE%9B%CF%89" title="Άντριου Μπόναρ Λω – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άντριου Μπόναρ Λω" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88" title="اندرو بونار لاو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اندرو بونار لاو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EB%84%88_%EB%A1%9C" title="보너 로 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보너 로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82_%D4%B2%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%80_%D4%BC%D5%B8%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Էնդրյու Բոնար Լոու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էնդրյու Բոնար Լոու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="एण्ड्रू बोनार ला – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एण्ड्रू बोनार ला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%95" title="אנדרו בונאר לואו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנדרו בונאר לואו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3" title="ენდრიუ ბონარ ლოუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ენდრიუ ბონარ ლოუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Bonar_Law" title="Andreas Bonar Law – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Andreas Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonars_Lo" title="Bonars Lo – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bonars Lo" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89" title="बोनार लॉ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बोनार लॉ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%88" title="اندرو بونار لو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اندرو بونار لو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC" title="ဗိုနာ လော – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗိုနာ လော" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B2" title="बोनर ल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बोनर ल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9C%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC" title="アンドルー・ボナー・ロー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンドルー・ボナー・ロー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%83,_%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8E_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Лоу, Эндрю Бонар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лоу, Эндрю Бонар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Бонар Лоу – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бонар Лоу" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" title="Andrew Bonar Law – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Andrew Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8E_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Ендрю Бонар Лоу – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ендрю Бонар Лоу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E7%BA%B3%C2%B7%E5%8A%B3" title="安德鲁·博纳·劳 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="安德鲁·博纳·劳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Bonar Law" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E7%B4%8D%C2%B7%E5%8B%9E" title="博納·勞 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="博納·勞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q166663#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Bonar_Law" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Bonar_Law" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Bonar_Law" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&oldid=1257819516" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Bonar_Law&id=1257819516&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBonar_Law">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBonar_Law">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bonar_Law&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Andrew_Bonar_Law" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Bonar_Law" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Andrew_Bonar_Law" hreflang="en">Wikisource</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q166663" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British statesman and politician (1858–1923)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Bonar Law</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3362" data-file-height="4627" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Stoneman" title="Walter Stoneman">Walter Stoneman</a>, 1923</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 23 October 1922 – 20 May 1923</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">Leader of the Conservative Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 23 October 1922 – 28 May 1923</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Conservative_Party" title="Chairman of the Conservative Party">Chairman</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Younger,_1st_Viscount_Younger_of_Leckie" title="George Younger, 1st Viscount Younger of Leckie">Sir George Younger, Bt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Stanley Baldwin</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 13 November 1911 – 21 March 1921</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Steel-Maitland" title="Arthur Steel-Maitland">Arthur Steel-Maitland</a></li><li>Sir George Younger, Bt</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 23 October 1922 – 20 May 1923</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data">Himself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Stanley Baldwin</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 10 December 1916 – 23 March 1921</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data">David Lloyd George</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Austen Chamberlain</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 10 January 1919 – 1 April 1921</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data">David Lloyd George</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Lindsay,_27th_Earl_of_Crawford" title="David Lindsay, 27th Earl of Crawford">The Earl of Crawford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Austen Chamberlain</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 10 December 1916 – 10 January 1919</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data">David Lloyd George</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reginald_McKenna" title="Reginald McKenna">Reginald McKenna</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Austen Chamberlain</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Secretary of State for the Colonies</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 25 May 1915 – 10 December 1916</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data">H. H. Asquith</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Harcourt,_1st_Viscount_Harcourt" title="Lewis Harcourt, 1st Viscount Harcourt">Lewis Harcourt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Long,_1st_Viscount_Long" title="Walter Long, 1st Viscount Long">Walter Long</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(United_Kingdom)" title="Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)">Leader of the Opposition</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 13 November 1911 – 25 May 1915</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data">George V</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data">H. H. Asquith</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Arthur Balfour</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Sir Edward Carson</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a href="#endnote_aaa">[a]</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Board_of_Trade" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade">Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 11 July 1902 – 5 December 1905</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data">Arthur Balfour</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Ward,_2nd_Earl_of_Dudley" title="William Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley">The Earl of Dudley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Kearley,_1st_Viscount_Devonport" title="Hudson Kearley, 1st Viscount Devonport">Hudson Kearley</a> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin-bottom:-.65em; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; border:1px dashed lightgrey;;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Parliamentary offices </div></th> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Central_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Glasgow Central (UK Parliament constituency)">Glasgow Central</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 15 December 1918 – 30 October 1923</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Mackintosh_MacLeod" class="mw-redirect" title="John Mackintosh MacLeod">John Mackintosh MacLeod</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_(Glasgow_MP)" title="William Alexander (Glasgow MP)">William Alexander</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Bootle_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bootle (UK Parliament constituency)">Bootle</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 28 March 1911 – 25 November 1918</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Myles_Sandys" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Myles Sandys">Thomas Myles Sandys</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Royden,_1st_Baron_Royden" title="Thomas Royden, 1st Baron Royden">Thomas Royden</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Dulwich_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Dulwich (UK Parliament constituency)">Dulwich</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 16 May 1906 – 20 December 1910</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Rutherfoord_Harris" title="Frederick Rutherfoord Harris">Frederick Rutherfoord Harris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Frederick_Hall,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Frederick Hall, 1st Baronet">Frederick Hall</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Blackfriars_and_Hutchesontown_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Glasgow Blackfriars and Hutchesontown (UK Parliament constituency)">Glasgow Blackfriars</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 25 October 1900 – 13 January 1906</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Dryburgh_Provand" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Dryburgh Provand">Andrew Dryburgh Provand</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Nicoll_Barnes" class="mw-redirect" title="George Nicoll Barnes">George Nicoll Barnes</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Andrew Bonar Law</div> (1858-09-16)16 September 1858 <a href="/wiki/Rexton,_New_Brunswick" title="Rexton, New Brunswick">Kingston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of New Brunswick">Colony of New Brunswick</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#endnote_bbb">[b]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">30 October 1923(1923-10-30) (aged 65) <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(Scotland)" title="Unionist Party (Scotland)">Unionist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Annie Robley</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1891; died <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">1909)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">6, including <a href="/wiki/Richard_Law,_1st_Baron_Coleraine" title="Richard Law, 1st Baron Coleraine">Richard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Iron merchant</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrew_Bonar_Law_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bonar Law's signature"><img alt="Cursive signature in ink" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Andrew_Bonar_Law_Signature.svg/128px-Andrew_Bonar_Law_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Andrew_Bonar_Law_Signature.svg/192px-Andrew_Bonar_Law_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Andrew_Bonar_Law_Signature.svg/256px-Andrew_Bonar_Law_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="170" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>a. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_aaa">^</a> Office vacant from 25 May 1915 to 19 October 1915</li><li>b. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_bbb">^</a> Now <a href="/wiki/Rexton,_New_Brunswick" title="Rexton, New Brunswick">Rexton</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Andrew Bonar Law (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈbɒnər ˈlɔː/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">BONN-ər</a>;<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> 16 September 1858 – 30 October 1923) was a British statesman and <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> politician who was <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> from October 1922 to May 1923. Law was born in the British colony of <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> (now a Canadian province). He was of <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Ulster Scots</a> descent and moved to Scotland in 1870. He left school aged sixteen to work in the iron industry, becoming a wealthy man by the age of thirty. He entered the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1900_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1900 United Kingdom general election">1900 general election</a>, relatively late in life for a front-rank politician; he was made a junior minister, <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Board_of_Trade" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade">Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade</a>, in 1902. Law joined the Shadow Cabinet in opposition after the <a href="/wiki/1906_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1906 United Kingdom general election">1906 general election</a>. In 1911, he was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">Privy Councillor</a>, before standing for the vacant party leadership. Despite never having served in the Cabinet and despite trailing third after <a href="/wiki/Walter_Long,_1st_Viscount_Long" title="Walter Long, 1st Viscount Long">Walter Long</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a>, Law became leader when the two front-runners withdrew rather than risk a draw splitting the party. As <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">Leader of the Conservative Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(United_Kingdom)" title="Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)">Leader of the Opposition</a>, Law focused his attentions in favour of <a href="/wiki/Tariff_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariff reform">tariff reform</a> and against <a href="/wiki/Irish_Home_Rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Home Rule">Irish Home Rule</a>. His campaigning helped turn <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> attempts to pass the <a href="/wiki/Third_Home_Rule_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Home Rule Bill">Third Home Rule Bill</a> into a three-year struggle eventually halted by the start of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, with much argument over the status of the six counties in <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a> which would later become <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, four of which were predominantly Protestant. Law first held Cabinet office as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Secretary of State for the Colonies</a> in <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a>'s Coalition Government (May 1915 – December 1916). Upon Asquith's fall from power he declined to form a government, instead he was <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> in <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a>'s Coalition Government. He resigned on grounds of ill health early in 1921. In October 1922, with Lloyd George's Coalition having become unpopular with the Conservatives, he wrote a letter to the press giving only lukewarm support to the Government's <a href="/wiki/Chanak_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanak Crisis">actions over Chanak</a>. After <a href="/wiki/Carlton_Club_meeting" title="Carlton Club meeting">Conservative MPs voted to end the Coalition</a>, he again became party leader and, this time, prime minister. Bonar Law won a clear majority at the <a href="/wiki/1922_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1922 United Kingdom general election">1922 general election</a>, and his brief premiership saw negotiation with the United States over Britain's war loans. Seriously ill with throat cancer, Law resigned in May 1923, and died later that year. He was the fourth <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom_by_length_of_tenure" title="List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom by length of tenure">shortest-serving prime minister of the United Kingdom</a> (211 days in office). <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education">edit</a>]</div> Andrew Bonar Law was born on 16 September 1858 in Kingston (now <a href="/wiki/Five_Rivers,_New_Brunswick" title="Five Rivers, New Brunswick">Five Rivers</a>), <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, to the Reverend James Law, a minister of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(1843%E2%80%931900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a>, and his wife Eliza Kidston Law. He was of <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a> (mainly <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Ulster Scots</a>) ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-a1-2">[2]</a> At the time of his birth, New Brunswick was still a separate colony, as the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Canadian Confederation</a> was not formed until 1867.<a href="#cite_note-a1-2">[2]</a> His mother originally wanted to name him after <a href="/wiki/Robert_Murray_M%27Cheyne" title="Robert Murray M'Cheyne">Robert Murray M'Cheyne</a>, a preacher she greatly admired, but as his older brother was already called Robert, he was instead named after <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bonar" title="Andrew Bonar">Andrew Bonar</a>, a biographer of M'Cheyne. Throughout his life he was always called Bonar by his family and close friends, never Andrew. He originally signed his name as A. B. Law, changing to A. Bonar Law in his thirties. He was referred to as Bonar Law by the public.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams19994-3">[3]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BonarLawHouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/BonarLawHouse.jpg/220px-BonarLawHouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/BonarLawHouse.jpg/330px-BonarLawHouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/BonarLawHouse.jpg/440px-BonarLawHouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Bonar Law's home in New Brunswick where he lived until the age of twelve. The house overlooks the <a href="/wiki/Richibucto_River" title="Richibucto River">Richibucto River</a></figcaption></figure> James Law was the minister for several isolated townships, and had to travel between them by horse, boat and on foot. To supplement the family income, he bought a small farm on the <a href="/wiki/Richibucto_River" title="Richibucto River">Richibucto River</a>, which Bonar helped tend along with his brothers Robert, William and John, and his sister Mary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams19994-3">[3]</a> Studying at the local village school,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaybourn200137-4">[4]</a> Law did well at his studies, and it is here that he was first noted for his excellent memory.<a href="#cite_note-a3-5">[5]</a> After Eliza Law died in 1861, her sister Janet travelled to New Brunswick from her home in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> to look after the Law children. When James Law remarried in 1870, his new wife took over Janet's duties, and Janet decided to return home to Scotland. She suggested that Bonar Law should go with her, as the Kidston family were wealthier and better connected than the Laws, and Bonar would have a more privileged upbringing.<a href="#cite_note-a4-6">[6]</a> Both James and Bonar accepted this, Bonar's father then accompanied him on his move to his aunt's. Bonar would never return to Kingston.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESforza1969193-7">[7]</a> Law went to live at Janet's house in <a href="/wiki/Helensburgh" title="Helensburgh">Helensburgh</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>. Her brothers Charles, Richard and William were partners in the family merchant bank <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kidston_%26_Sons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kidston & Sons (page does not exist)">Kidston & Sons</a>, and as only one of them had married (and produced no heir) it was generally accepted that Law would inherit the firm, or at least play a role in its management when he was older.<a href="#cite_note-a5-8">[8]</a> Immediately upon arriving from Kingston, Law began attending <a href="/wiki/Gilbertfield_House_School" title="Gilbertfield House School">Gilbertfield House School</a>,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Preparatory_School_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Preparatory School (UK)">preparatory school</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_South_Lanarkshire" title="Hamilton, South Lanarkshire">Hamilton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> In 1873, aged fourteen, he transferred to the <a href="/wiki/High_School_of_Glasgow" title="High School of Glasgow">High School of Glasgow</a>, where with his good memory he showed a talent for languages, excelling in Greek, German and French.<a href="#cite_note-a5-8">[8]</a> During this period, he first began to play <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a> – he would carry a board on the train between Helensburgh and Glasgow, challenging other commuters to matches. He eventually became a very good amateur player, and competed with internationally renowned chess masters.<a href="#cite_note-a6-11">[11]</a> Despite his good academic record, it became obvious at Glasgow that he was better suited to business than to university, and when he was sixteen, Law left school to become a clerk at Kidston & Sons.<a href="#cite_note-a5-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business_career">Business career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Business career">edit</a>]</div> At Kidston & Sons, Law received a nominal salary, on the understanding that he would gain a "commercial education" from working there that would serve him well as a businessman.<a href="#cite_note-a7-12">[12]</a> In 1885 the Kidston brothers decided to retire, and agreed to merge the firm with the <a href="/wiki/Clydesdale_Bank" title="Clydesdale Bank">Clydesdale Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-a8a-13">[13]</a> The merger would have left Law without a job and with poor career-prospects, but the retiring brothers found him a job with <a href="/wiki/William_Jacks" title="William Jacks">William Jacks</a>, an iron merchant who had started pursuing a parliamentary career.<a href="#cite_note-a8-14">[14]</a> The Kidston brothers lent Law the money to buy a partnership in Jacks' firm, and with Jacks himself no longer playing an active part in the company, Law effectively became the managing partner.<a href="#cite_note-a9-15">[15]</a> Working long hours (and insisting that his employees did likewise), Law turned the firm into one of the most profitable iron merchants in the Glaswegian and Scottish markets.<a href="#cite_note-a9-15">[15]</a> During this period Law became a "self-improver"; despite his lack of formal university education, Law sought to test his intellect, attending lectures given at <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow University">Glasgow University</a> and joining the Glasgow Parliamentary Debating Association,<a href="#cite_note-a8-14">[14]</a> which adhered as closely as possible to the layout of the real <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a>. This helped Law hone the skills that served him so well in the political arena.<a href="#cite_note-a7a-16">[16]</a> By the time he was thirty, Law had established himself as a successful businessman. He had time to devote to more leisurely pursuits. He remained an avid <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a> player, whom Andrew Harley called "a strong player, touching first-class amateur level, which he had attained by practice at the Glasgow Club in earlier days".<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Law also worked with the Parliamentary Debating Association, and took up <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a> and walking.<a href="#cite_note-a10-18">[18]</a> In 1888 he moved out of the Kidston household and set up his own home at Seabank, with his sister Mary (who had earlier come over from Canada) acting as the housekeeper.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1890, Law met Annie Pitcairn Robley, the 24-year-old daughter of a Glaswegian merchant, Harrington Robley.<a href="#cite_note-a11-19">[19]</a> They quickly fell in love, and married on 24 March 1891. Little is known of Law's wife, as most of her letters have been lost. It is known that she was much liked in both Glasgow and London, and that her death in 1909 hit Law hard; despite his relatively young age and prosperous career, he never remarried.<a href="#cite_note-a11-19">[19]</a> The couple had six children: James Kidston (1893–1917), Isabel Harrington (1895–1969), Charles John (1897–1917), Harrington (1899–1958), <a href="/wiki/Richard_Law,_1st_Baron_Coleraine" title="Richard Law, 1st Baron Coleraine">Richard Kidston</a> (1901–1980), and Catherine Edith (1905–1992). Law's second son, Charlie, a lieutenant in the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Own_Scottish_Borderers" title="King's Own Scottish Borderers">King's Own Scottish Borderers</a>, was killed at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza" title="Second Battle of Gaza">Second Battle of Gaza</a> in April 1917.<a href="#cite_note-taylor11-20">[20]</a> His eldest son, James, a captain in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Fusiliers" title="Royal Fusiliers">Royal Fusiliers</a>, was shot down and killed on 21 September 1917. The deaths made Law even more melancholy and depressed than before.<a href="#cite_note-taylor12-21">[21]</a> The youngest son, Richard, later served as a Conservative MP and minister. Isabel married <a href="/wiki/Sir_Frederick_Sykes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Frederick Sykes">Sir Frederick Sykes</a> (in the early years of World War I, she had been engaged for a time to the Australian war correspondent <a href="/wiki/Keith_Murdoch" title="Keith Murdoch">Keith Murdoch</a>)<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> and Catherine married, firstly, Kent Colwell and, much later, in 1961, <a href="/wiki/George_Archibald,_1st_Baron_Archibald" title="George Archibald, 1st Baron Archibald">The 1st Baron Archibald</a>.<a href="#cite_note-a7-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Entry_into_politics">Entry into politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Entry into politics">edit</a>]</div> In 1897, Law was asked to become the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> candidate for the parliamentary seat of <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Bridgeton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Glasgow Bridgeton (UK Parliament constituency)">Glasgow Bridgeton</a>. Soon after he was offered another seat, this one in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Blackfriars_and_Hutchesontown_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Glasgow Blackfriars and Hutchesontown (UK Parliament constituency)">Glasgow Blackfriars and Hutchesontown</a>, which he took instead of Glasgow Bridgeton.<a href="#cite_note-a12-23">[23]</a> Blackfriars was not a seat with high prospects attached; a working-class area, it had returned <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a> MPs since it was created in 1884, and the incumbent, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Provand" title="Andrew Provand">Andrew Provand</a>, was highly popular.<a href="#cite_note-a12-23">[23]</a> Although the election was not due until 1902, the events of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a> forced the Conservative government to call <a href="/wiki/1900_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1900 United Kingdom general election">a general election in 1900</a>, later known as the <a href="/wiki/Khaki_election" title="Khaki election">khaki election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-a13-24">[24]</a> The campaign was unpleasant for both sides, with anti- and pro-war campaigners fighting vociferously, but Law distinguished himself with his oratory and wit. When the results came in on 4 October, Law was returned to Parliament with a majority of 1,000, overturning Provand's majority of 381.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> He immediately ended his active work at Jacks and Company (although he retained his directorship) and moved to London.<a href="#cite_note-a14-26">[26]</a> Law initially became frustrated with the slow speed of Parliament compared to the rapid pace of the Glasgow iron market,<a href="#cite_note-a14-26">[26]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a> recalled him saying to Chamberlain that "it was very well for men who, like myself had been able to enter the House of Commons young to adapt to a Parliamentary career, but if he had known what the House of Commons was he would never had entered at this stage".<a href="#cite_note-taylor8-27">[27]</a> He soon learnt to be patient, however, and on 18 February 1901 made his maiden speech. Replying to anti-Boer War MPs, including <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a>, Law used his excellent memory to quote sections of <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a> back to the opposition. These sections contained their previous speeches which supported and commended the policies which they now denounced.<a href="#cite_note-a14-26">[26]</a> Although lasting only fifteen minutes and not a crowd- or press-pleaser (like the maiden speeches of <a href="/wiki/F._E._Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="F. E. Smith">F. E. Smith</a> or <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>), his speech attracted the attention of the Conservative Party leaders.<a href="#cite_note-a15-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESforza1969194-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tariff_reform">Tariff reform</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tariff reform">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Chamberlain_in_colour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Joseph_Chamberlain_in_colour.jpg/170px-Joseph_Chamberlain_in_colour.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Joseph_Chamberlain_in_colour.jpg/255px-Joseph_Chamberlain_in_colour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Joseph_Chamberlain_in_colour.jpg/340px-Joseph_Chamberlain_in_colour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Joseph Chamberlain</a></figcaption></figure> Law's chance to make his mark came with the issue of <a href="/wiki/Tariff_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariff reform">tariff reform</a>. To cover the costs of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Lord Salisbury</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Michael Hicks Beach</a>) suggested introducing import taxes or <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariffs</a> on foreign metal, flour and grain coming into Britain. Such tariffs had previously existed in Britain, but the last of these had been abolished in the 1870s because of the <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a> movement. A duty was now introduced on imported corn.<a href="#cite_note-a16-30">[30]</a> The issue became "explosive",<a href="#cite_note-a16-30">[30]</a> dividing the British political world, and continued even after Salisbury retired and was replaced as prime minister by his nephew, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a>. Law took advantage of this, making his first major speech on 22 April 1902, in which he argued that while he felt a general tariff was unnecessary, an imperial customs union (which would put tariffs on items from outside the British Empire, instead of on every nation but Britain) was a good idea, particularly since other nations such as (Germany) and the United States had increasingly high tariffs.<a href="#cite_note-a17-31">[31]</a> Using his business experience, he made a "plausible case" that there was no proof that tariffs led to increases in the cost of living, as the Liberals had argued. Again his memory came into good use – when <a href="/wiki/William_Vernon_Harcourt_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Vernon Harcourt (politician)">William Harcourt</a> accused Law of misquoting him, Law was able to precisely give the place in <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a> where Harcourt's speech was to be found.<a href="#cite_note-a17-31">[31]</a> As a result of Law's proven experience in business matters and his skill as an economic spokesman for the government, Balfour offered him the position of <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Board_of_Trade" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade">Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade</a> when he formed his government, which Law accepted,<a href="#cite_note-a18-32">[32]</a> and he was formally appointed on 11 August 1902.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-taylor9-34">[34]</a> As Parliamentary Secretary his job was to assist the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Board_of_Trade" title="President of the Board of Trade">President of the Board of Trade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Balfour,_2nd_Earl_of_Balfour" title="Gerald Balfour, 2nd Earl of Balfour">Gerald Balfour</a>. At the time the <a href="/wiki/Tariff_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariff reform">tariff reform</a> controversy was brewing, led by the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Colonial Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Joseph Chamberlain</a>, an ardent tariff reformer who "declared war" on free trade, and who persuaded the Cabinet that the Empire should be exempted from the new corn duty.<a href="#cite_note-a18-32">[32]</a> After returning from a speaking tour of South Africa in 1903, Chamberlain found that the new Chancellor of the Exchequer (<a href="/wiki/Charles_Ritchie,_1st_Baron_Ritchie_of_Dundee" title="Charles Ritchie, 1st Baron Ritchie of Dundee">C. T. Ritchie</a>) had instead abolished Hicks Beach's corn duty altogether in his budget.<a href="#cite_note-a18-32">[32]</a> Angered by this, Chamberlain spoke at the Birmingham Town Hall on 15 May without the government's permission, arguing for an Empire-wide system of tariffs which would protect Imperial economies, forge the British Empire into one political entity and allow them to compete with other world powers.<a href="#cite_note-a19-35">[35]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonar_Law_Vanity_Fair_2_March_1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Bonar_Law_Vanity_Fair_2_March_1905.jpg/220px-Bonar_Law_Vanity_Fair_2_March_1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Bonar_Law_Vanity_Fair_2_March_1905.jpg/330px-Bonar_Law_Vanity_Fair_2_March_1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Bonar_Law_Vanity_Fair_2_March_1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="351" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>Bonar Law caricatured by <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Ward" title="Leslie Ward">Spy</a> for <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (British magazine)">Vanity Fair</a>, 1905</figcaption></figure> The speech and its ideas split the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> and its coalition ally the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Unionist_Party" title="Liberal Unionist Party">Liberal Unionist Party</a> into two wings – the <a href="/wiki/Free_Food_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Food League">Free Fooders</a>, who supported <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a>, and the Tariff Reformers, who supported Chamberlain's tariff reforms. Law was a dedicated Tariff Reformer, but whereas Chamberlain dreamed of a new golden age for Britain, Law focused on more mundane and practical goals, such as a reduction in unemployment.<a href="#cite_note-a19-35">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Leo_Amery" title="Leo Amery">L. S. Amery</a> said that to Law, the tariff reform programme was "a question of trade figures and not national and Imperial policy of expansion and consolidation of which trade was merely the economic factor".<a href="#cite_note-a19-35">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Keith_Laybourn" title="Keith Laybourn">Keith Laybourn</a> attributes Law's interest in tariff reform not only to the sound business practice that it represented but also that because of his place of birth "he was attracted by the Imperial tariff preference arrangements advocated by Joseph Chamberlain".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaybourn200138-36">[36]</a> Law's constituents in Blackfriars were not overly enthusiastic about tariff reform – Glasgow was a poor area at the time that had benefited from free trade.<a href="#cite_note-a19-35">[35]</a> In parliament, Law worked exceedingly hard at pushing for tariff reform, regularly speaking in the House of Commons and defeating legendary debaters such as <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Dilke,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Dilke, 2nd Baronet">Charles Dilke</a> and <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Home_secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Home secretary">home secretary</a> and later prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-a20-37">[37]</a> His speeches at the time were known for their clarity and common sense; <a href="/wiki/Ian_Malcolm_(politician)" title="Ian Malcolm (politician)">Sir Ian Malcolm</a> said that he made "the involved seem intelligible", and L. S. Amery said his arguments were "like the hammering of a skilled riveter, every blow hitting the nail on the head".<a href="#cite_note-a20-37">[37]</a> Despite Law's efforts to forge consensus within the Conservatives, Balfour was unable to hold the two sides of his party together, and resigned as prime minister in December 1905, allowing the Liberals to form a government.<a href="#cite_note-a20-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_opposition">In opposition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In opposition">edit</a>]</div> The new prime minister, the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Henry Campbell-Bannerman</a>, immediately dissolved Parliament. Despite strong campaigning and a visit by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a>, Law lost his seat in the ensuing <a href="/wiki/1906_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1906 United Kingdom general election">general election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams199927-38">[38]</a> In total the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> and Liberal Unionists lost 245 seats, leaving them with only 157 members of parliament, the majority of them tariff reformers.<a href="#cite_note-a21-39">[39]</a> Despite his loss, Law was at this stage such an asset to the Conservatives that an immediate effort was made to get him back into Parliament. The retirement of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Rutherfoord_Harris" title="Frederick Rutherfoord Harris">Frederick Rutherfoord Harris</a>, MP for the safe Conservative seat of <a href="/wiki/Dulwich_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Dulwich (UK Parliament constituency)">Dulwich</a>, offered him a chance.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Law was returned to Parliament in the ensuing <a href="/wiki/1906_Dulwich_by-election" title="1906 Dulwich by-election">by-election</a>, increasing the Conservative majority to 1,279.<a href="#cite_note-a21-39">[39]</a> The party was struck a blow in July 1906, when two days after a celebration of his seventieth birthday, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Joseph Chamberlain</a> suffered a stroke and was forced to retire from public life.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> He was succeeded as leader of the tariff reformers by his son <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a>, who despite previous experience as <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> and enthusiasm for tariff reform was not as skilled a speaker as Law.<a href="#cite_note-a22-42">[42]</a> As a result, Law joined Balfour's Shadow Cabinet as the principal spokesman for tariff reform.<a href="#cite_note-a22-42">[42]</a> The death of Law's wife on 31 October 1909 led him to work even harder, treating his political career not only as a job but as a coping strategy for his loneliness.<a href="#cite_note-a22-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_People's_Budget_and_the_House_of_Lords">The People's Budget and the House of Lords</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The People's Budget and the House of Lords">edit</a>]</div> Campbell-Bannerman resigned as prime minister in April 1908 and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> In 1909, he and his <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a> introduced the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Budget" title="People's Budget">People's Budget</a>, which sought through increased direct and indirect taxes to redistribute wealth and fund social reform programmes.<a href="#cite_note-a23-44">[44]</a> By parliamentary convention, financial and budget bills are not challenged by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>. But in this case, the predominantly Conservative and Liberal Unionist Lords rejected the bill on 30 April, setting off a constitutional crisis.<a href="#cite_note-a23-44">[44]</a> The Liberals called a general election for <a href="/wiki/January_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="January 1910 United Kingdom general election">January 1910</a>, and Law spent most of the preceding months campaigning up and down the country for other Unionist candidates and MPs, sure that his Dulwich seat was safe. He obtained an increased majority of 2,418.<a href="#cite_note-a24-45">[45]</a> The overall result was more confused: the Conservatives gained 116 seats, bringing their total to 273, but this was still less than the Liberal caucus, and produced a <a href="/wiki/Hung_parliament" title="Hung parliament">hung parliament</a>, as neither had a majority of the seats (the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Parliamentary_Party" title="Irish Parliamentary Party">Irish Parliamentary Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/All-for-Ireland_League" title="All-for-Ireland League">All-for-Ireland League</a> took more than 120 seats in total).<a href="#cite_note-a24-45">[45]</a> The Liberals remained in office with the support of the Irish Parliamentary Party. The Budget passed through the House of Commons a second time, and – as it now had an electoral mandate – was then approved by the House of Lords without a division.<a href="#cite_note-a24-45">[45]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Edward_Carson,_bw_photo_portrait_seated.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Sir_Edward_Carson%2C_bw_photo_portrait_seated.jpg/170px-Sir_Edward_Carson%2C_bw_photo_portrait_seated.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Sir_Edward_Carson%2C_bw_photo_portrait_seated.jpg/255px-Sir_Edward_Carson%2C_bw_photo_portrait_seated.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Sir_Edward_Carson%2C_bw_photo_portrait_seated.jpg/340px-Sir_Edward_Carson%2C_bw_photo_portrait_seated.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3153" data-file-height="4762" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Edward Carson</a>, who along with Law was one of the few non-representatives to be aware of the "Truce of God"</figcaption></figure> However, the crisis over the Budget had highlighted a long-standing constitutional question: should the House of Lords be able to overturn bills passed by the House of Commons? The Liberal government introduced a bill in February 1910 which would prevent the House of Lords vetoing finance bills, and would force them to pass any bill which had been passed by the Commons in three sessions of Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-a24-45">[45]</a> This was immediately opposed by the Unionists, and both parties spent the next several months in a running battle over the bill. The Conservatives were led by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">Lord Lansdowne</a>, who headed the Conservatives in the House of Lords, while Law spent the time concentrating on the continuing problem of tariff reform.<a href="#cite_note-a24-45">[45]</a> The lack of progress had convinced some senior Unionists that it would be a good idea to scrap tariff reform altogether. Law disagreed, successfully arguing that tariff reform "was the first constructive work of the [Conservative Party]" and that to scrap it would "split the Party from top to bottom".<a href="#cite_note-a25-46">[46]</a> With this success, Law returned to the constitutional crisis surrounding the House of Lords. The death of King <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> on 6 May 1910 prompted the leaders of the major political parties to meet secretly in a "Truce of God" to discuss the Lords. The meetings were kept almost entirely secret: apart from the party representatives, the only people aware were <a href="/wiki/F._E._Smith,_1st_Earl_of_Birkenhead" title="F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead">F. E. Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._L._Garvin" title="J. L. Garvin">J. L. Garvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Edward Carson</a> and Law.<a href="#cite_note-a26-47">[47]</a> The group met about twenty times at <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a> between June and November 1910, with the Unionists represented by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Campbell,_3rd_Earl_Cawdor" title="Frederick Campbell, 3rd Earl Cawdor">Lord Cawdor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">Lord Lansdowne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-a25-46">[46]</a> The proposal presented at the conference by <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">coalition government</a> with members of both major parties in the Cabinet and a programme involving <a href="/wiki/Home_Rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Rule">Home Rule</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poor_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Poor Law">Poor Law</a> reforms, imperial reorganisation and possibly <a href="/wiki/Tariff_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariff reform">tariff reforms</a>.<a href="#cite_note-a26-47">[47]</a> The Home Rule proposal would have made the United Kingdom a federation, with "Home Rule All Round" for Scotland, Ireland, and <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a>.<a href="#cite_note-a26-47">[47]</a> In the end the plans fell through: Balfour told Lloyd George on 2 November that the proposal would not work, and the conference was dissolved a few days later.<a href="#cite_note-a26-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="December_1910_general_election">December 1910 general election</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: December 1910 general election">edit</a>]</div> With the failure to establish a political consensus after the <a href="/wiki/January_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="January 1910 United Kingdom general election">January 1910 general election</a>, the Liberals called a second general election <a href="/wiki/December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="December 1910 United Kingdom general election">in December</a>. The Conservative leadership decided that a good test of the popularity of the <a href="/wiki/Tariff_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariff reform">tariff reform</a> programme would be to have a prominent tariff reformer stand for election in a disputed seat.<a href="#cite_note-a27-48">[48]</a> They considered Law a prime candidate, and after debating it for a month he guardedly agreed, enthusiastic about the idea but worried about the effect of a defeat on the Party.<a href="#cite_note-a27-48">[48]</a> Law was selected as the candidate for <a href="/wiki/Manchester_North_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Manchester North West (UK Parliament constituency)">Manchester North West</a>, and became drawn into party debates about how strong a tariff reform policy should be put in their manifesto.<a href="#cite_note-a28-49">[49]</a> Law personally felt that duties on foodstuffs should be excluded, something agreed to by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fuller-Acland-Hood,_1st_Baron_St_Audries" title="Alexander Fuller-Acland-Hood, 1st Baron St Audries">Alexander Acland-Hood</a>, Edward Carson and others at a meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Club" title="Constitutional Club">Constitutional Club</a> on 8 November 1910, but they failed to reach a consensus and the idea of including or excluding food duties continued to be something that divided the party.<a href="#cite_note-a28-49">[49]</a> During the constitutional talks the Conservatives had demanded that, if the Lords' veto were removed, Irish Home Rule should only be permitted if approved by a UK-wide referendum. In response <a href="/wiki/Robert_Crewe-Milnes,_1st_Marquess_of_Crewe" title="Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe">Lord Crewe</a>, Liberal Leader in the Lords, had suggested sarcastically that <a href="/wiki/Tariff_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariff reform">tariff reform</a> – a policy of questionable popularity because of the likelihood of increased prices on imported food – should also be submitted to a referendum. <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a> now announced to a crowd of 10,000 at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a> that after the coming election, a Conservative Government would indeed submit tariff reform to a referendum, something he described as "Bonar Law's proposal" or the "Referendum Pledge".<a href="#cite_note-a29-50">[50]</a> The suggestion was no more Law's than it was any of the dozens of Conservatives who had suggested this to Balfour, and his comment was simply an attempt to "pass the buck" and avoid the anger of <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a>, who was furious that such an announcement had been made without consulting him or the party.<a href="#cite_note-a29-50">[50]</a> While Law had written a letter to Balfour suggesting that a referendum would attract wealthy Conservatives, he said that "declaration would do no good with [the working class] and might damp enthusiasm of best workers".<a href="#cite_note-a30-51">[51]</a> Parliament was dissolved on 28 November, with the election to take place and polling to end by 19 December.<a href="#cite_note-a30-51">[51]</a> The Conservative and Liberal parties were equal in strength, and with the continued support of the Irish Nationalists the Liberal Party remained in government. Law called his campaign in Manchester North West the hardest of his career; his opponent, George Kemp, was a war hero who had fought in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a> and a former Conservative who had joined the Liberal party because of his disagreement with tariff reform.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In the end, Law narrowly lost, with 5,114 votes to Kemp's 5,559, but the election turned him into a "genuine [Conservative] hero", and he later said that the defeat did "more for him in the party than a hundred victories".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams199947-53">[53]</a> In 1911, with the Conservative Party unable to afford him being out of Parliament, Law was elected in <a href="/wiki/1911_Bootle_by-election" title="1911 Bootle by-election">a March 1911 by-election</a> for the safe Conservative seat of <a href="/wiki/Bootle_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bootle (UK Parliament constituency)">Bootle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams199947-53">[53]</a> The Liberal attempt to curb the veto power of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> was now backed by a threat, if necessary, to create hundreds of Liberal peers. Law favoured surrender on pragmatic grounds, as a Unionist-dominated House of Lords would retain some ability to delay Liberal attempts to introduce Irish Home Rule, Welsh Disestablishment or electoral reforms gerrymandered to help the Liberal Party. In August 1911 enough Unionist peers abstained or voted in favour of the Liberal bill for it to pass as the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Act_1911" title="Parliament Act 1911">Parliament Act 1911</a>, ending that particular dispute.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party">Leader of the Conservative Party</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Leader of the Conservative Party">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur_James_Balfour00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Arthur_James_Balfour00.jpg/170px-Arthur_James_Balfour00.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Arthur_James_Balfour00.jpg/255px-Arthur_James_Balfour00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Arthur_James_Balfour00.jpg/340px-Arthur_James_Balfour00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="647" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a>, who preceded Law as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">Leader of the Conservative Party</a></figcaption></figure> On <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_George_V_and_Mary" title="Coronation of George V and Mary">the coronation</a> of <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> on 22 June 1911, Law was appointed as a <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Most_Honourable_Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council">Privy Councillor</a> on the recommendation of the Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-a32-55">[55]</a> This was evidence of his seniority and importance within the Conservative Party.<a href="#cite_note-a32-55">[55]</a> Balfour had become increasingly unpopular as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">Leader of the Conservative Party</a> since the 1906 general election; tariff reformers saw his leadership as the reason for their electoral losses, and the "free fooders" had been alienated by Balfour's attempts to tame the zeal of the tariff reform faction.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Balfour refused all suggestions of party reorganisation, until a meeting of senior Conservatives led by <a href="/wiki/James_Gascoyne-Cecil,_4th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury">Lord Salisbury</a> after the <a href="/wiki/December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="December 1910 United Kingdom general election">December 1910 electoral defeat</a> issued an ultimatum demanding a review of party structure.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams199955-57">[57]</a> The defeat on the House of Lords issue turned a wing of the Conservative Party led by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Page_Croft,_1st_Baron_Croft" title="Henry Page Croft, 1st Baron Croft">Henry Page Croft</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Reveille_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Reveille Movement">Reveille Movement</a>, against Balfour.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams199955-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Leo_Maxse" class="mw-redirect" title="Leo Maxse">Leo Maxse</a> began a Balfour Must Go campaign in his newspaper, the <a href="/wiki/National_Review_(London)" title="National Review (London)">National Review</a>, and by July 1911 Balfour was contemplating resignation.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Law himself had no problem with Balfour's leadership, and along with Edward Carson attempted to regain support for him.<a href="#cite_note-a34-59">[59]</a> By November 1911 it was accepted that Balfour was likely to resign, with the main competitors for the leadership being Law, Carson, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Long,_1st_Viscount_Long" title="Walter Long, 1st Viscount Long">Walter Long</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-a34-59">[59]</a> When the elections began, Long and Chamberlain were the frontrunners; Chamberlain commanded the support of many tariff reformers, and Long that of the Irish Unionists.<a href="#cite_note-a34-59">[59]</a> Carson immediately announced that he would not stand, and Law eventually announced that he would run for Leader, the day before Balfour resigned on 7 November.<a href="#cite_note-a35-60">[60]</a> At the beginning of the election Law held the support of no more than 40 of the 270 members of parliament; the remaining 230 were divided between Long and Chamberlain. Although Long believed he had the most MPs, his support was largely amongst <a href="/wiki/Backbencher" title="Backbencher">backbenchers</a>, and most of the whips and frontbenchers preferred Chamberlain.<a href="#cite_note-a35-60">[60]</a> With Long and Chamberlain almost neck-and-neck they called a meeting on 9 November to discuss the possibility of a deadlock. Chamberlain suggested that he would withdraw if this became a strong possibility, assuming Long did the same. Long, now concerned that his weak health would not allow him to survive the stress of party leadership, agreed.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Both withdrew on 10 November, and on 13 November 232 MPs assembled at the <a href="/wiki/Carlton_Club" title="Carlton Club">Carlton Club</a>, and Law was nominated as leader by Long and Chamberlain. With the unanimous support of the MPs, Law became Leader of the Conservative Party despite never having sat in Cabinet.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Law's biographer, Robert Blake, wrote that he was an unusual choice to lead the Conservatives as a Presbyterian Canadian-Scots businessman had just become the leader of "the Party of Old England, the Party of the Anglican Church and the country squire, the party of broad acres and hereditary titles".<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> As leader, Law first "rejuvenated the party machine", selecting newer, younger and more popular whips and secretaries, elevating <a href="/wiki/F._E._Smith,_1st_Earl_of_Birkenhead" title="F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead">F. E. Smith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood">Lord Robert Cecil</a> to the Shadow Cabinet and using his business acumen to reorganise the party, resulting in better relations with the press and local branches, along with the raising of a £671,000 "war chest" for the next general election: almost double that available at the previous one.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> On 12 February 1912, he finally unified the two Unionist parties (Conservatives and Liberal Unionists) into the awkwardly named National Unionist Association of Conservative and Liberal-Unionist Organisations. From then on all were referred to as "Unionists" until the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty">Anglo-Irish Treaty</a> in 1922, after which they became Conservatives again (though the name "Unionist" continued in use in Scotland and Northern Ireland).<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> In Parliament, Law introduced the so-called "new style" of speaking, with harsh, accusatory rhetoric, which dominates British politics to this day.<a href="#cite_note-a36-66">[66]</a> This was as a counter to Arthur Balfour, known for his "masterly witticisms", because the party felt they needed a warrior-like figure. Law did not particularly enjoy his tougher manner, and at the State Opening of Parliament in February 1912 apologised directly to <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a> for his coming speech, saying, "I am afraid I shall have to show myself very vicious, Mr Asquith, this session. I hope you will understand."<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Law's "warrior king" figure helped unify the divided Conservatives into a single body, with him as the leader.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_policy">Social policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Social policy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrew_Bonar_Law_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Andrew_Bonar_Law_2.jpg/220px-Andrew_Bonar_Law_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Andrew_Bonar_Law_2.jpg/330px-Andrew_Bonar_Law_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Andrew_Bonar_Law_2.jpg/440px-Andrew_Bonar_Law_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Andrew Bonar Law</figcaption></figure> During his early time as Conservative leader, the party's social policy was the most complicated and difficult to agree. In his opening speech as leader he said that the party would be one of principle, and would not be reactionary, instead sticking to their guns and holding firm policies.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Despite this he left <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's suffrage</a> alone, leaving the party unwhipped and saying that "the less part we take in this question the better".<a href="#cite_note-a37-70">[70]</a> In terms of social reform (legislation to improve the conditions of the poor and working classes) Law was similarly unenthusiastic, believing that the area was a Liberal one, in which they could not successfully compete.<a href="#cite_note-a37-70">[70]</a> His response to a request by <a href="/wiki/David_Lindsay,_27th_Earl_of_Crawford" title="David Lindsay, 27th Earl of Crawford">Lord Balcarres</a> for a social programme was simply "As the [Liberal Party] refuse to formulate their policy in advance we should be equally absolved".<a href="#cite_note-a38-71">[71]</a> His refusal to get drawn in may have actually strengthened his hold over Conservative MPs, many of whom were similarly uninterested in social reform.<a href="#cite_note-a38-71">[71]</a> In his first public speech as leader at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a> on 26 January 1912 he listed his three biggest concerns: an attack on the Liberal government for failing to submit <a href="/wiki/Home_Rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Rule">Home Rule</a> to a referendum; <a href="/wiki/Tariff_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariff reform">tariff reform</a>; and the Conservative refusal to let the Ulster Unionists be "trampled upon" by an unfair Home Rule bill.<a href="#cite_note-a39-72">[72]</a> Both tariff reform and Ulster dominated his political work, with <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a> saying that Law "once said to me that he cared intensely for only two things: Tariff Reform and Ulster; all the rest was only part of the game".<a href="#cite_note-a39-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="More_tariff_reform">More tariff reform</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: More tariff reform">edit</a>]</div> After further review with members of his party, Law changed his initial beliefs on <a href="/wiki/Tariff_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariff reform">tariff reform</a> and accepted the full package, including duties on foodstuffs. On 29 February 1912 the entire Conservative parliamentary body (i.e. both MPs and peers) met at Lansdowne House, with <a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">Lord Lansdowne</a> chairing.<a href="#cite_note-a40-73">[73]</a> Lansdowne argued that although the electorate might prefer the Conservative Party if they dropped food duties from their tariff reform plan, it would open them to accusations of bad faith and "<a href="/wiki/Cowardice" title="Cowardice">poltroonery</a>".<a href="#cite_note-a40-73">[73]</a> Law endorsed Lansdowne's argument, pointing out that any attempt to avoid food duties would cause an internal party struggle and could only aid the Liberals, and that Canada, the most economically important colony and a major exporter of foodstuffs, would never agree to tariffs without British support of food duties.<a href="#cite_note-a40-73">[73]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Petty-FitzMaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16528.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Henry_Petty-FitzMaurice%2C_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16528.jpg/170px-Henry_Petty-FitzMaurice%2C_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16528.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Henry_Petty-FitzMaurice%2C_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16528.jpg/255px-Henry_Petty-FitzMaurice%2C_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16528.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Henry_Petty-FitzMaurice%2C_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16528.jpg 2x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">Lord Lansdowne</a>, Law's primary speaker for the repeal of the Referendum Pledge</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/James_Gascoyne-Cecil,_4th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury">Lord Salisbury</a>, who opposed food duties, wrote to Law several weeks later suggesting they separate foodstuffs from tariff reform for the referendum. If the electorate liked food duties, they would vote for the entire package; if not, they did not have to.<a href="#cite_note-a41-74">[74]</a> Law replied arguing that it would be impossible to do so effectively, and that with the increasing costs of defence and social programmes it would be impossible to raise the necessary capital except by comprehensive tariff reform. He argued that a failure to offer the entire tariff reform package would split the Conservative Party down the middle, offending the tariff reform faction, and that if such a split took place "I could not possibly continue as leader".<a href="#cite_note-a41-74">[74]</a> Law postponed withdrawing the tariff reform "Referendum Pledge" because of the visit of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Borden" title="Robert Borden">Robert Borden</a>, the newly elected <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of Canada (historical)">Conservative</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Canada">prime minister of Canada</a>, to London planned for July 1912.<a href="#cite_note-a41-74">[74]</a> Meeting with Borden on his arrival, Law got him to agree to make a statement about the necessity of Imperial tariff reform, promising reciprocal agreements and saying that failure by London to agree tariff reform would result in an "irresistible pressure" for Canada to make a treaty with another nation, most obviously the United States.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Law decided that the November party conference was the perfect time to announce the withdrawal of the Referendum Pledge, and that Lord Lansdowne should do it, because he had been leader in the House of Lords when the pledge was made and because of his relatively low profile during the original tariff reform dispute.<a href="#cite_note-a42-76">[76]</a> When the conference opened the British political world was febrile; on 12 November the opposition had narrowly defeated the government on an amendment to the Home Rule Bill, and the next evening, amidst hysterical shouting from the opposition, <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a> attempted to introduce a motion reversing the previous vote. As the MPs filed out at the end of the day, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> began taunting the opposition, and in his anger <a href="/wiki/Ronald_McNeill,_1st_Baron_Cushendun" title="Ronald McNeill, 1st Baron Cushendun">Ronald McNeil</a> hurled a copy of Standing Orders of the House at Churchill, hitting him on the head.<a href="#cite_note-a42-76">[76]</a> Law refused to condemn the events, and it seems apparent that while he had played no part in organising them, they had been planned by the party whips. As party leader, he was most likely aware of the plans even if he did not actively participate.<a href="#cite_note-a42-76">[76]</a> The conference was opened on 14 November 1912 by <a href="/wiki/Horace_Farquhar,_1st_Earl_Farquhar" title="Horace Farquhar, 1st Earl Farquhar">Lord Farquhar</a>, who immediately introduced Lord Lansdowne.<a href="#cite_note-a43-77">[77]</a> Lansdowne revoked the Referendum Pledge, saying that as the government had failed to submit Home Rule to a referendum, the offer that tariff reform would also be submitted was null and void. Lansdowne promised that when the Unionists took office they would "do so with a free hand to deal with tariffs as they saw fit".<a href="#cite_note-a43-77">[77]</a> Law then rose to speak, and in line with his agreement to let Lansdowne speak for tariff reform mentioned it only briefly when he said "I concur in every word which has fallen from Lord Lansdowne".<a href="#cite_note-a43-77">[77]</a> He instead promised a reversal of several Liberal policies when the Unionists came to power, including the disestablishment of the <a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales" title="Church in Wales">Welsh Church</a>, land taxes, and Irish Home Rule. The crowd "cheered themselves hoarse" at Law's speech.<a href="#cite_note-a43-77">[77]</a> However, the reaction from the party outside the conference hall was not a positive one. Law had not consulted the local constituency branches about his plan, and several important constituency leaders led by <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Salvidge" title="Archibald Salvidge">Archibald Salvidge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_17th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby">Lord Derby</a> planned for a meeting of the Lancashire party, the centre of discontent, on 21 December.<a href="#cite_note-a44-78">[78]</a> Law was preoccupied with the problem of Irish Home Rule and was unable to give the discontent his full attention. He continued to believe that his approach to the problem of tariff reform was the correct one, and wrote to <a href="/wiki/John_Strachey_(journalist)" title="John Strachey (journalist)">John Strachey</a> on 16 November saying that "it was a case of a choice of two evils, and all that one could do was to take the lesser of the two, and that I am sure we have done".<a href="#cite_note-a44-78">[78]</a> Speaking to <a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Edward Carson</a>, <a href="/wiki/F.E._Smith,_1st_Earl_of_Birkenhead" class="mw-redirect" title="F.E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead">F.E. Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Lindsay,_27th_Earl_of_Crawford" title="David Lindsay, 27th Earl of Crawford">Lord Balcarres</a> in December after two weeks of receiving negative letters from party members about the change, Law outlined that he would not be averse to a return to the previous policy considering the negative feelings from the party, but felt that this would require the resignation of both himself and Lansdowne.<a href="#cite_note-a44-78">[78]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_James_Craig_1924_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sir_James_Craig_1924_%28crop%29.jpg/170px-Sir_James_Craig_1924_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sir_James_Craig_1924_%28crop%29.jpg/255px-Sir_James_Craig_1924_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sir_James_Craig_1924_%28crop%29.jpg/340px-Sir_James_Craig_1924_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1265" data-file-height="1582" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Craig,_1st_Viscount_Craigavon" title="James Craig, 1st Viscount Craigavon">James Craig</a>, who helped draft the January Memorandum</figcaption></figure> Law again wrote to Strachey saying that he continued to feel this policy was the correct one, and only regretted that the issue was splitting the party at a time when unity was needed to fight the <a href="/wiki/Home_Rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Rule">Home Rule</a> problem.<a href="#cite_note-a44-78">[78]</a> At the meeting of the Lancashire party the group under Derby condemned Law's actions and called for a three-week party recess before deciding what to do about the repeal of the Referendum Pledge.<a href="#cite_note-a45-79">[79]</a> This was an obvious ultimatum to Law, giving him a three-week period to change his mind.<a href="#cite_note-a45-79">[79]</a> Law believed that Derby was "unprincipled and treacherous", particularly since he then circulated a questionnaire among Lancashire party members with leading questions such as "do you think the abandonment of the referendum will do harm?"<a href="#cite_note-a45-79">[79]</a> Law met the Lancashire party on 2 January 1913 and ordered that they must replace any food tariff based resolutions with a vote of confidence in him as a leader, and that any alternative would result in his resignation.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> After a chance meeting at which Edward Carson learnt of Law and Lansdowne's acceptance of possible resignation, he was spurred to ask <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Goulding,_Baron_Goulding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Goulding, Baron Goulding (page does not exist)">Edward Goulding</a> to beg Law and Lansdowne to compromise over the policy and remain as leaders.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> The compromise, known as the January Memorial, was agreed by Carson, <a href="/wiki/James_Craig,_1st_Viscount_Craigavon" title="James Craig, 1st Viscount Craigavon">James Craig</a>, Law and Lansdowne at Law's house between 6–8 January 1913, affirming the support of the signatories for Law and his policies, and noting that his resignation was not wanted.<a href="#cite_note-a46-82">[82]</a> Within two days 231 of the 280 Conservative MPs had signed it; 27 frontbenchers had not been invited, neither had five who were not in London, seven who were ill, the Speaker and a few others who could not be found – only eight MPs actively refused to sign.<a href="#cite_note-a46-82">[82]</a> Law's official response took the form of an open letter published on 13 January 1913, in which Law offered a compromise that food duties would not be placed before Parliament to vote on until after a second, approving election took place.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Irish_Home_Rule">Irish Home Rule</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Irish Home Rule">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/January_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="January 1910 United Kingdom general election">January</a> and <a href="/wiki/December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="December 1910 United Kingdom general election">December</a> elections in 1910 destroyed the large Liberal majority, meaning they relied on the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Parliamentary_Party" title="Irish Parliamentary Party">Irish Nationalists</a> to maintain a government.<a href="#cite_note-a49-84">[84]</a> As a result, they were forced to consider <a href="/wiki/Home_Rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Rule">Home Rule</a>, and with the passing of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Act_1911" title="Parliament Act 1911">Parliament Act 1911</a> which replaced the Lords' veto with a two-year power of delay on most issues, the Conservative Party became aware that unless they could dissolve Parliament or sabotage the Home Rule Bill, introduced in 1912, it would most likely become law by 1914.<a href="#cite_note-a49-84">[84]</a> As the child of an Ulster family who had spent much time in the area (his father had moved back there several years after Law moved to Scotland), Law believed the gap between Ulster Unionism and Irish Nationalism could never be crossed. Despite this he said little about Home Rule until the passing of the Parliament Act in 1911, calling it the "Home Rule in Disguise Act" and saying it was an attempt to change parliamentary procedures so as to allow Home Rule "through the back door".<a href="#cite_note-a50-85">[85]</a> After the act's passage, he made a speech in the Commons saying if the Liberals wished to pass a Home Rule Bill they should submit it to the electorate by calling a general election. His elevation to the <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">leadership of the Conservative Party</a> allowed him a platform to voice his opinion to the public, and his speeches (culminating with the January 1912 speech at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a>) were centred on Home Rule as much as they were around tariff reform.<a href="#cite_note-a50-85">[85]</a> In contrast to Balfour's "milk and water" opposition to Home Rule, Law presented a "fire and blood" opposition to Home Rule that at times seemed to suggest that he was willing to contemplate a civil war to stop Home Rule.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007575-86">[86]</a> Law stated he would not stop "from any action ... we think necessary to defeat one of the most ignoble conspiracies ... ever formed against the liberties of free-born men."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007575-86">[86]</a> As the Conservative Party was badly divided by the tariff issue, Law had decided to make opposition for Home Rule his signature issue as the best way of unifying the Conservative Party.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007575-86">[86]</a> Right form the start, Law presented his anti-Home Rule stance more in terms of protecting Protestant majority Ulster from being ruled by a Parliament in Dublin that would be dominated by Catholics than in terms of preserving the Union, much to the chagrin of many Unionists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007575-86">[86]</a> Law was supported by Sir <a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Edward Carson</a>, leader of the Ulster Unionists.<a href="#cite_note-a50-85">[85]</a> Although Law sympathised with the Ulster Unionists politically he did not agree with the religious intolerance shown to Catholics.<a href="#cite_note-a50-85">[85]</a> The passions unleashed by the Home Rule debate frequently threatened to get out of hand. In January 1912, when <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> planned to deliver a speech in favour of Home Rule in at the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Hall" title="Ulster Hall">Ulster Hall</a> in Belfast, the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulster Unionist Council">Ulster Unionist Council</a> (UUC) threatened to use violence if necessary to stop Churchill from speaking.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007577-87">[87]</a> The legal scholar <a href="/wiki/A._V._Dicey" title="A. V. Dicey">A. V. Dicey</a>, himself an opponent of Home Rule, wrote in a letter to Law that the threats of violence were "the worst mistake" that undermined "the whole moral strength" of the Unionist movement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007577-87">[87]</a> But as Carson admitted in a letter to Law, the situation in Belfast was beyond his control as many UUC members were also members of the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Order" title="Orange Order">Orange Order</a>, and the prospect of Churchill's visit to Belfast had angered so many of his followers that he felt he had to threaten violence as the best possible way of stopping the planned speech instead of leaving it to his followers who might otherwise riot.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007577-87">[87]</a> As it was, Churchill agreed to cancel his speech in response to warnings that the police would not be able to guarantee his security.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007577-87">[87]</a> Besides for his concerns about the violence, Dicey was also worried about the way in which Law was more interested about stopping Home Rule from being imposed on Ulster, instead of all of Ireland, which seemed to imply he was willing to accept the partition of Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007577-87">[87]</a> Many Irish Unionists outside of Ulster felt abandoned by Law, who seemed to care only about Ulster.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007578-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Third_Home_Rule_Bill">Third Home Rule Bill</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Third Home Rule Bill">edit</a>]</div> The 1912 session of Parliament opened on 14 February with a stated intent by the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Speech_from_the_throne" title="Speech from the throne">King's Speech</a> to introduce a new Home Rule Bill.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The bill was to be introduced on 11 April, and four days before that Law travelled to Ulster for a tour of the area. The pinnacle of this was a meeting on 9 April in the grounds of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Agricultural_Society_of_England" title="Royal Agricultural Society of England">Royal Agricultural Society</a> near Balmoral (an area of Belfast), attended by seventy Unionist MPs and the <a href="/wiki/Primate_of_All_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Primate of All Ireland">Primate of All Ireland</a>, and topped by "perhaps the largest <a href="/wiki/Union_Jack" title="Union Jack">Union Jack</a> ever made" – 48 feet by 25 feet on a flagpole 90 feet high.<a href="#cite_note-a51-90">[90]</a> At the meeting both Law and Carson swore to the crowd that "never under any circumstances will we submit to Home Rule".<a href="#cite_note-a51-90">[90]</a> However, the Parliament Act and the government majority made such a victory against the Bill unlikely unless the government could be brought down or Parliament dissolved.<a href="#cite_note-a52-91">[91]</a> A second problem was that not all Unionists opposed Home Rule to the same degree; some hardcore Unionists would oppose any attempt at Home Rule, others thought it inevitable that the Bill would pass and were simply trying to get the best deal possible for Ulster. The spectre of civil war was also raised – the Ulstermen began to form paramilitary groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Volunteers" title="Ulster Volunteers">Ulster Volunteers</a>, and there was a strong possibility that if it came to fighting the British Army would have to be sent in to support the underfunded and understaffed <a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Constabulary" title="Royal Irish Constabulary">Royal Irish Constabulary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-a52-91">[91]</a> The argument of Law and the Unionists between 1912 and 1914 was based on three complaints. Firstly, Ulster would never accept forced Home Rule, and made up a quarter of Ireland; if the Liberals wanted to force this issue, military force would be the only way. Law thundered that "Do you plan to hurl the full majesty and power of the law, supported on the bayonets of the British Army, against a million Ulstermen marching under the Union Flag and singing 'God Save The King'? Would the Army hold? Would the British people – would the Crown – stand for such a slaughter?"<a href="#cite_note-a53-92">[92]</a> A second complaint was that the government had so far refused to submit it to a general election, as Law had been suggesting since 1910. Law warned that "you will not carry this Bill without submitting it to the people of this country, and, if you make the attempt, you will succeed only in breaking our Parliamentary machine".<a href="#cite_note-a53-92">[92]</a> The third complaint was that the Liberals had still not honoured the preamble of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Act_1911" title="Parliament Act 1911">Parliament Act 1911</a>, which promised "to substitute for the House of Lords as it at present exists a Second Chamber constituted on a popular instead of a hereditary basis".<a href="#cite_note-a54-93">[93]</a> The Unionist argument was that the Liberals were trying to make a massive constitutional change while the constitution was suspended.<a href="#cite_note-a54-93">[93]</a> In May 1912, Law was told by the Conservative whip <a href="/wiki/David_Lindsay,_27th_Earl_of_Crawford" title="David Lindsay, 27th Earl of Crawford">Lord Balcarres</a> that outside of Ireland "the electors are apathetic" about Home Rule, suggesting that he should de-emphasis the topic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007579-94">[94]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blenheim_main_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Blenheim_main_entrance.jpg/220px-Blenheim_main_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Blenheim_main_entrance.jpg/330px-Blenheim_main_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Blenheim_main_entrance.jpg/440px-Blenheim_main_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1986" data-file-height="1476" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Blenheim_Palace" title="Blenheim Palace">Blenheim Palace</a>, where the anti-Home Rule factions held their meeting on 27 July 1912</figcaption></figure> In July 1912, <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a> travelled to Dublin (the first sitting prime minister to do so in over a century) to make a speech, ridiculing Unionist demands for a referendum on the issue via an election and calling their campaign "purely destructive in its objects, anarchic and chaotic in its methods".<a href="#cite_note-a55-95">[95]</a> In response the Unionists had a meeting on 27 July at <a href="/wiki/Blenheim_Palace" title="Blenheim Palace">Blenheim Palace</a>, the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, one of Asquith's ministers.<a href="#cite_note-a55-95">[95]</a> More than 13,000 people attended, including over 40 peers. In Law's speech he said "I said so to [the Liberals] and I say so now, with the full sense of the responsibility which attaches to my position, that if the attempt be made under present conditions, I can imagine no length of resistance to which Ulster will go, in which I shall not be ready to support them, and in which they will not be supported by the overwhelming majority of the British people".<a href="#cite_note-a56-96">[96]</a> Law added that if Asquith continued with the Home Rule bill, the government would be "lighting the fires of civil war".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007579-94">[94]</a> This speech was more known and criticised than any others; it implied both he and the British people would support the Ulstermen in anything, including armed rebellion.<a href="#cite_note-a56-96">[96]</a> Despite the conflict and fierce resistance, the Bill continued its passage through Parliament. It moved to its second reading on 9 June, and the Committee stage on 11 June, where it became fraught in controversy after a young Liberal named <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Agar-Robartes" title="Thomas Agar-Robartes">Thomas Agar-Robartes</a> proposed an amendment excluding four of the Ulster counties (<a href="/wiki/County_Londonderry" title="County Londonderry">Londonderry</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Down" title="County Down">Down</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Antrim" title="County Antrim">Antrim</a>, and <a href="/wiki/County_Armagh" title="County Armagh">Armagh</a>) from the Irish Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-a57-97">[97]</a> This put Law in a delicate situation, since he had previously said that he would support a system allowing each county to remain "outside the Irish Parliament", at the same time saying that he would not support any amendment that did not have Ulster's full co-operation.<a href="#cite_note-a57-97">[97]</a> If he accepted the amendment, he would be seen as abandoning the Irish Unionists, but on the other hand if the amendment was carried it might disrupt the government by causing a split between the Liberals and Irish Nationalists, bringing down the government and thus forcing an election.<a href="#cite_note-a58-98">[98]</a> If Unionists wished to win the ensuing election they would have to show they were willing to compromise. In the end the amendment failed, but with the Liberal majority reduced by 40, and when a compromise amendment was proposed by another Liberal MP the government Whips were forced to trawl for votes. Law saw this as a victory, as it highlighted the split in the government.<a href="#cite_note-a58-98">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Edward Carson</a> tabled another amendment on 1 January 1913 which would exclude all nine Ulster counties, more to test government resolve than anything else. While it failed, it allowed the Unionists to portray themselves as the party of compromise and the Liberals as stubborn and recalcitrant.<a href="#cite_note-a58-98">[98]</a> The Unionists in Ulster were committed to independence from any Irish Home Rule. They secretly authorised a Commission of Five to write a constitution for "a provisional Government of Ulster ... to come into operation on the day of the passage of any Home Rule Bill, to remain in force until Ulster shall again resume unimpaired citizenship in the United Kingdom".<a href="#cite_note-a59-99">[99]</a> On 28 September 1912, Carson led 237,638 of his followers in signing a <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Covenant" title="Ulster Covenant">Solemn League and Covenant</a> saying that Ulster would refuse to recognise the authority of any Parliament of Ireland arising from Home Rule.<a href="#cite_note-a59-99">[99]</a> The "Ulster Covenant", as the Solemn League and Covenant was popularly called, recalled the National Covenant signed by the Scots in 1638 to resist King Charles I who was viewed by Scots Presbyterians as a crypto-Catholic, and was widely seen as a sectarian document that promoted a "Protestant crusade".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007580-100">[100]</a> The Conservative MP Alfred Cripps wrote in a letter to Law that English Catholics like himself were opposed to Home Rule, but he was troubled by the way that Law seemed to be using the issue as "an occasion to attack their religion".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007580-100">[100]</a> In his reply of 7 October 1912, Law wrote he was opposed to religious bigotry and claimed that, as far he could tell, no "responsible" Unionist leader in Ireland had attacked the Roman Catholic Church.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007580-100">[100]</a> In fact, the Conservative MP <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Cecil,_1st_Baron_Quickswood" title="Hugh Cecil, 1st Baron Quickswood">Lord Hugh Cecil</a> had in the summer of 1912 given anti-Home Rule speeches in Ireland where he shouted "To Hell with the Pope!", and was not censured by Law.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007580-100">[100]</a> When Parliament resumed in October after the summer recess, the Home Rule Bill was passed by the Commons. As expected, the House of Lords rejected it 326 to 69, and under the provisions of the Parliament Act it could only be passed if it was passed twice more by the Commons in successive Parliaments.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> In December 1912, the chairmen of the Conservative Party, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Steel-Maitland" title="Arthur Steel-Maitland">Arthur Steel-Maitland</a>, wrote to Law that the Home Rule issue did not command much attention in England, and asked that he move away from the topic which he asserted was damaging the image of the Conservatives.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007581-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Second_passage">Second passage</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Second passage">edit</a>]</div> The end of 1912 saw the end of a year of political struggle for Law. As well as the problem of Home Rule, there were internal party struggles; supporters of the Church of England or military reform lambasted Law for not paying attention to their causes, and tariff reformers argued with him over his previous compromise on food duties. Despite this, most Conservatives realised that as a fighting leader, Law could not be bettered.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The results of by-elections throughout 1913 continued to favour them, but progress on the Home Rule Bill was less encouraging; on 7 July it was again passed by the Commons, and again rejected by the Lords on 15 July.<a href="#cite_note-a60-104">[104]</a> In response, the UUC created a paramilitary group, the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), to fight against the British government if necessary to stop Home Rule.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007581-102">[102]</a> The Conservative politician <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brassey,_2nd_Earl_Brassey" title="Thomas Brassey, 2nd Earl Brassey">Lord Hythe</a>, wrote to Law to suggest the Conservatives needed to present a constructive alternative to Home Rule and he had the "duty to tell these Ulstermen" that there was no need for the UVF.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007581-102">[102]</a> Another Tory peer, <a href="/wiki/James_Gascoyne-Cecil,_4th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury">Lord Sailsbury</a>, wrote to Law that as much as he was opposed to Home Rule that: "I cannot support political lawlessness and I shall either disenfranchise myself or vote Liberal ... rather than encourage armed resistance in Ulster."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007581-102">[102]</a> Lord Balcarres wrote to Law that much of the Conservative caucus were "deeply confused and uncertain" and the "policies of reckless defiance" were unpopular with the party membership in England.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007581-102">[102]</a> Balcarres wrote he was "much alarmed lest some sporadic outbreak by Orangemen should ... alienate English sympathies".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007583-105">[105]</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">Lord Lansdowne</a> advised Law to be "extremely careful in our relations with Carson and his friends" and find a way of stopping <a href="/wiki/F._E._Smith,_1st_Earl_of_Birkenhead" title="F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead">F. E. Smith</a>'s "habit of expressing rather violent sentiments in the guise of messages from the Unionist party".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007583-105">[105]</a> Balfour wrote to Law that he had "much misgiving upon the general loosening of the ordinary ties of social obligation ... I do most strongly feel that nothing can be more demoralising to a society than that some of its ... most loyal members should deliberately organise themselves for the purpose of offering ... armed resistance to persons ... representing lawful authority."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007583-105">[105]</a> During the debate on the Home Rule bill, Carson submitted an amendment that would exclude the 9 counties of Ulster from the jurisdiction of the proposed Parliament that would govern from Dublin, which was defeated by the Liberal MPs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007583–584-106">[106]</a> However, Carson's amendment which would lead to the partition of Ireland caused much alarm with Irish Unionists outside of Ulster and led many to write letters from Law seeking assurances that he would not abandon them for the sake of saving Ulster from Home Rule.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007584-107">[107]</a> Carson told Law that he favoured a compromise under which Home Rule would be granted to southern Ireland, but not Ulster, and at the same time some sort of home rule be granted to Wales and Scotland as well.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007584-107">[107]</a> Law himself in a letter to a friend stated that the British public was "so sick of the whole Irish question" that the majority would probably agree to a compromise of a Home Rule for Ireland sans Ulster.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007584-107">[107]</a> Parliament rose for the summer recess on 15 August, and Law and the Unionists spent the summer trying to convince <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">the King</a> to voice an opinion on the issue. Their first suggestion was that he should withhold the <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a> on it, something that horrified Law's constitutional law adviser <a href="/wiki/A._V._Dicey" title="A. V. Dicey">A. V. Dicey</a>. The second was more reasonable – they argued that the Liberals had put the King in an impossible position by asking him to ratify a bill that would infuriate half of the population.<a href="#cite_note-a60-104">[104]</a> His only option was to write a memo to Asquith saying this and requesting that the problem of home rule be put to the electorate via a general election. After thinking on this, the King agreed, and handed a note to Asquith on 11 August requesting either an election or an all-party conference.<a href="#cite_note-a60-104">[104]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_V_of_the_united_Kingdom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/George_V_of_the_united_Kingdom.jpg/220px-George_V_of_the_united_Kingdom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/George_V_of_the_united_Kingdom.jpg/330px-George_V_of_the_united_Kingdom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/George_V_of_the_united_Kingdom.jpg/440px-George_V_of_the_united_Kingdom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1251" data-file-height="1759" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a>, who, after pressure from the Unionists, requested that the Liberals put Home Rule to the test of a general election</figcaption></figure> Asquith responded with two notes, the first countering the Unionist claim that it would be acceptable for the King to dismiss Parliament or withhold assent of the Bill to force an election, and the second arguing that a Home Rule election would not prove anything, since a Unionist victory would only be due to other problems and scandals and would not assure supporters of the current government that Home Rule was truly opposed.<a href="#cite_note-a60-104">[104]</a> <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">King George</a> pressed for a compromise, summoning various political leaders to <a href="/wiki/Balmoral_Castle" title="Balmoral Castle">Balmoral Castle</a> individually for talks. Law arrived on 13 September, and again pointed out to the King his belief that if the Government continued to refuse an election fought over Home Rule and instead forced it on Ulster, the Ulstermen would not accept it and any attempts to enforce it would not be obeyed by the British Army.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> By early October, the King was pressuring the British political world for an all-party conference. Fending this off, Law instead met with senior party members to discuss developments. Law, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a>, <a href="/wiki/F._E._Smith,_1st_Earl_of_Birkenhead" title="F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead">Smith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Long,_1st_Viscount_Long" title="Walter Long, 1st Viscount Long">Long</a> discussed the matter, all except Long favouring a compromise with the Liberals.<a href="#cite_note-a61-109">[109]</a> Long represented the anti-Home Rule elements in Southern Ireland, and from this moment onwards Southern and Northern attitudes towards Home Rule began to diverge.<a href="#cite_note-a61-109">[109]</a> Law then met with <a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Edward Carson</a>, and afterwards expressed the opinion that "the men of Ulster do desire a settlement on the basis of leaving Ulster out, and Carson thinks such an arrangement could be carried out without any serious attack from the Unionists in the South".<a href="#cite_note-a61-109">[109]</a> On 8 October, Asquith wrote to Law suggesting an informal meeting of the two party leaders, which Law accepted.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> The two met at <a href="/wiki/Cherkley_Court" title="Cherkley Court">Cherkley Court</a>, the home of Law's ally <a href="/wiki/Max_Aitken,_1st_Baron_Beaverbrook" title="Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook">Sir Max Aitken MP (later Lord Beaverbrook)</a>, on 14 October.<a href="#cite_note-a62-111">[111]</a> The meeting lasted an hour, and Law told Asquith that he would continue to try to have Parliament dissolved, and that in any ensuing election the Unionists would accept the result even if it went against them.<a href="#cite_note-a63-112">[112]</a> Law later expressed his fear to Lansdowne that Asquith would persuade the Irish Nationalists to accept Home Rule with the exclusion of four Ulster counties with Protestant/unionist majorities.<a href="#cite_note-a63-112">[112]</a> Carson would not accept this, requiring six of nine ulster counties to be excluded (i.e., four with unionist majorities plus two majority nationalist, leaving the three Ulster counties with large nationalist majorities, leading to an overall unionist majority in the six); such a move might split the Unionists.<a href="#cite_note-a63-112">[112]</a> Law knew that Asquith was unlikely to consent to a general election, since he would almost certainly lose it, and that any attempt to pass the Home Rule Bill "without reference to the electorate" would lead to civil disturbance.<a href="#cite_note-a64-113">[113]</a> As such, Asquith was stuck "between a rock and a hard place" and was sure to negotiate.<a href="#cite_note-a64-113">[113]</a> Asquith and Law met for a second private meeting on 6 November,<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> at which Asquith raised three possibilities. The first, suggested by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Grey,_1st_Viscount_Grey_of_Fallodon" title="Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon">Sir Edward Grey</a>, consisted of "Home Rule within Home Rule" – Home Rule covering Ulster, but with partial autonomy for Ulster.<a href="#cite_note-a65-115">[115]</a> The second was that Ulster would be excluded from Home Rule for a number of years before becoming part of it, and the third was that Ulster would be excluded from Home Rule for as long as it liked, with the opportunity of joining when it wished. Law made it clear to Asquith that the first two options were unacceptable, but the third might be accepted in some circles.<a href="#cite_note-a65-115">[115]</a> The leaders then discussed the geographical definition of the area to be excluded from Home Rule; Ulster formally consists of nine counties, of which only four had a clear unionist majority, three a clear nationalist majority and two a small nationalist majority – however, overall a practical problem was that the nine counties of Ulster were majority nationalist. Carson always referred to nine counties of Ulster, but Law told Asquith that if an appropriate settlement could be made with a smaller number, Carson "would see his people and probably, though I could not give any promise to that effect, try to induce them to accept it".<a href="#cite_note-a65-115">[115]</a> The third meeting was on 10 December and Law, raging because Asquith had not yet presented a concrete way to exclude Ulster, made little progress.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Law brushed aside Asquith's suggestions and insisted that only the exclusion of Ulster was worth considering.<a href="#cite_note-a66-117">[117]</a> He later wrote that "My feeling, however, is that Asquith has no hope whatsoever of making such an arrangement and that his present idea is simply to let things drift in the meantime ... I do not understand why he took the trouble of seeing me at all. The only explanation I can give is that I think he is in a funk about the whole position and thought that meeting me might keep the thing open at least".<a href="#cite_note-a66-117">[117]</a> With the failure of these talks, Law accepted that a compromise was unlikely, and from January 1914 he returned to the position that the Unionists were "opposed utterly to Home Rule".<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The campaign was sufficient to bring the noted organiser <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Milner,_1st_Viscount_Milner" title="Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner">Lord Milner</a> back into politics to support the Unionists, and he immediately asked <a href="/wiki/Leo_Amery" title="Leo Amery">L. S. Amery</a> to write a <a href="/wiki/British_Covenant" title="British Covenant">British Covenant</a> saying that the signers would, if the Home Rule Bill passed, "feel justified in taking or supporting any action that may be effective to prevent it being put into operation, and more particularly to prevent the armed forces of the Crown being used to deprive the people of Ulster of their rights as citizens of the United Kingdom".<a href="#cite_note-a67-119">[119]</a> The Covenant was announced at a massive rally in <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London" title="Hyde Park, London">Hyde Park</a> on 4 April 1914, with hundreds of thousands assembling to hear Milner, Long and Carson speak. By the middle of the summer Long claimed more than 2,000,000 people had signed the Covenant.<a href="#cite_note-a67-119">[119]</a> Law's critics, including <a href="/wiki/George_Dangerfield" title="George Dangerfield">George Dangerfield</a>, condemned his actions in assuring the Ulster Unionists of Conservative Party support in their armed resistance to Home Rule, as unconstitutional, verging on promoting a civil war.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Law's supporters argued that he was acting constitutionally by forcing the Liberal government into calling the election it had been avoiding, to obtain a mandate for their reforms.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Army_(Annual)_Act">Army (Annual) Act</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Army (Annual) Act">edit</a>]</div> Law was not directly involved in the British Covenant campaign as he was focusing on a practical way to defeat the Home Rule Bill. His first attempt was via the <a href="/wiki/Army_Act" title="Army Act">Army (Annual) Act</a>, something that "violated a basic and ancient principle of the constitution".<a href="#cite_note-a68a-122">[122]</a> Every year since the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a>, the Act had fixed the maximum number of soldiers in the British Army; rejecting it would technically make the British Army an illegal institution.<a href="#cite_note-a68-123">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Palmer,_2nd_Earl_of_Selborne" title="William Palmer, 2nd Earl of Selborne">Lord Selborne</a> had written to Law in 1912 to point out that vetoing or significantly amending the Act in the House of Lords would force the government to resign, and such a course of action was also suggested by others in 1913–14.<a href="#cite_note-a68-123">[123]</a> Law believed that subjecting Ulstermen to a Dublin-based government they did not recognise was itself constitutionally damaging, and that amending the Army (Annual) Act to prevent the use of force in Ulster (he never suggested vetoing it) would not violate the constitution any more than the actions the government had already undertaken.<a href="#cite_note-a68-123">[123]</a> By 12 March he had established that, should the Home Rule Bill be passed under the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Act_1911" title="Parliament Act 1911">Parliament Act 1911</a>, the Army (Annual) Act should be amended in the Lords to stipulate that the Army could not "be used in Ulster to prevent or interfere with any step which may thereafter be taken in Ulster to organise resistance to the enforcement of the Home Rule Act in Ulster nor to suppress any such resistance until and unless the present Parliament has been dissolved and a period of three months shall have lapsed after the meeting of a new Parliament".<a href="#cite_note-a68-123">[123]</a> The Shadow Cabinet consulted legal experts, who agreed wholeheartedly with Law's suggestion.<a href="#cite_note-a68-123">[123]</a> Although several members expressed dissent, the Shadow Cabinet decided "provisionally to agree to amendment of army act. but to leave details and decisions as to the moment of acting to Lansdowne and Law".<a href="#cite_note-a69-124">[124]</a> In the end no amendment to the Army Act was offered, though; many backbenchers and party loyalists became agitated by the scheme and wrote to him that it was unacceptable – <a href="/wiki/Ian_Malcolm_(politician)" title="Ian Malcolm (politician)">Ian Malcolm</a>, a fanatical Ulster supporter, told Law that amending the Army Act would drive him out of the Party.<a href="#cite_note-a69-124">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_I">World War I</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: World War I">edit</a>]</div> On 30 July 1914, on the eve of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Law met with Asquith and agreed to temporarily suspend the issue of Home Rule to avoid domestic discontent during wartime. By the following day both leaders had convinced their parties to agree to this move. On 3 August, Law promised openly in Commons that his Conservative Party would give "unhesitating support" to the government's war policy. On 4 August, Germany rejected British demands for a withdrawal from Belgium, and Britain declared war.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Over the coming months, the Liberal, Labour and Conservative whips worked out a truce suspending confrontational politics until either 1 January 1915 or until the end of the War. On 4 August, both Asquith and Law made speeches together at the Middlesex Guildhall, and uncomfortably socialised with each other's parties. On 6 August, the Conservatives learnt that Asquith planned to put the Home Rule Bill on the statute books; Law wrote an angry letter to Asquith, the response of which was that Asquith could either pass the bill immediately, suspending it for the duration of the conflict, or make it law with a six-month delay and with a three-year exclusion for Ulster. Law responded with a speech in the Commons, saying that "the Government have treated us abominably ... but we are in the middle of a great struggle. Until that struggle [is] over, so far as we are concerned, in everything connected with it there would be no parties, there would openly be a nation. In regard to this debate I have made protest as well as I could, but when I have finished we shall take no further part in the discussion". The entire Party then left the Commons silently, and although a strong protest (Asquith later admitted that "it was unique in my or I think anybody's experience") the bill was still passed, although with a suspension for the duration of the War.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> The Conservatives soon began to get annoyed that they were unable to criticise the Government, and took this into Parliament; rather than criticising policy, they would attack individual ministers, including the <a href="/wiki/Richard_Haldane,_1st_Viscount_Haldane" title="Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane">Lord Chancellor</a> (who they considered "far too enamoured of German culture") and the <a href="/wiki/Reginald_McKenna" title="Reginald McKenna">Home Secretary</a>, who was "too tender to aliens".<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> By Christmas 1914 they were anxious about the war; it was not, in their opinion, going well, and yet they were restricted to serving on committees and making recruitment speeches. At about the same time, Law and <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a> met to discuss the possibility of a coalition government. Law was supportive of the idea in some ways, seeing it as a probability that "a coalition government would come in time".<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coalition_government">Coalition government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Coalition government">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Background_and_information">Background and information</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Background and information">edit</a>]</div> The crisis which forced a coalition was twofold; first the <a href="/wiki/Shell_Crisis_of_1915" title="Shell Crisis of 1915">Shell Crisis of 1915</a>, and then the resignation of <a href="/wiki/John_Fisher,_1st_Baron_Fisher" title="John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher">Lord Fisher</a>, the <a href="/wiki/First_Sea_Lord" title="First Sea Lord">First Sea Lord</a>. The Shell Crisis was a shortage of artillery shells on the Western Front. It indicated a failure to fully organise British industry.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Asquith tried to ward off the criticism the day before the debate, praising his government's efforts and saying that "I do not believe that any army has ever either entered upon a campaign or been maintained during a campaign with better or more adequate equipment". The Conservatives, whose sources of information included officers such as <a href="/wiki/John_French,_1st_Earl_of_Ypres" title="John French, 1st Earl of Ypres">Sir John French</a>, were not put off, and instead became furious.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Over the next few days, the Conservative backbenchers threatened to break the truce and mount an attack on the government over the munitions situation. Law forced them to back down on 12 May, but on the 14th an article appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> blaming the British failure at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Artois" title="Second Battle of Artois">Battle of Aubers Ridge</a> on the lack of munitions. This again stirred up the backbenchers, who were only just kept in line. The Shadow Cabinet took a similar line; things could not go on as they were. The crisis was only halted with the resignation of Lord Fisher. Fisher had opposed <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallipoli Campaign">Gallipoli Campaign</a>, and felt that he could not continue in government if the two would be in conflict. Law knew that this would push the Conservative back bench over the edge, and met with <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a> on 17 May to discuss Fisher's resignation. Lloyd George decided that "the only way to preserve a united front was to arrange for more complete cooperation between parties in the direction of the War".<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Lloyd George reported the meeting to Asquith, who agreed that a coalition was inescapable. He and Law agreed to form a coalition government.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Law's next job, therefore, was to assist the Liberal Party in creating a new government. In their discussions on 17 May, both Law and Lloyd George had agreed that <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Lord Kitchener</a> should not remain in the War Office, and removing him became top priority. Unfortunately the press began a campaign supporting Kitchener on 21 May, and the popular feeling that this raised convinced Law, Lloyd George and Asquith that Kitchener could not be removed. To keep him and at the same time remove the munitions supply from his grasp to prevent a repeat of the "shells crisis" the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Munitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Munitions">Ministry of Munitions</a> was created, with Lloyd George becoming Minister of Munitions.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Law eventually accepted the post of <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Colonial Secretary</a>, an unimportant post in wartime; Asquith had made it clear that he would not allow a Conservative minister to head the Exchequer, and that with Kitchener (whom he considered a Conservative) in the War Office, he would not allow another Conservative to hold a similarly important position. Fearing for the integrity of the coalition, Law accepted this position.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Outside of Law's position, other Conservatives also gained positions in the new administration; <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a> became <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a> became <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_India" title="Secretary of State for India">Secretary of State for India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Edward Carson</a> became <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_for_England_and_Wales" title="Attorney General for England and Wales">Attorney General</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Colonial_Secretary">Colonial Secretary</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Colonial Secretary">edit</a>]</div> During Law's time as Colonial Secretary, the three main issues were the question of manpower for the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>, the crisis in Ireland and the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallipoli Campaign">Dardanelles Campaign</a>. Dardanelles took priority, as seen by Asquith's restructuring of his War Council into a Dardanelles Committee. Members included Kitchener, Law, Churchill, Lloyd George and Lansdowne, with the make-up divided between political parties to defuse tension and provide criticism of policy. The main discussion was on the possibility of reinforcing the forces already landed, something Law disagreed with. With Asquith and the Army in support, however, he felt that he was ill-equipped to combat the proposal. Five more divisions were landed, but faced heavy casualties for little gain. As a result, Law led a strong resistance to the idea at the next Committee meeting on 18 August. The idea only avoided being scrapped thanks to the French promise to send forces in early September, and the arguing became an immense strain on the government.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Law entered the coalition government as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Colonial Secretary</a> in May 1915, his first Cabinet post, and, following the resignation of Prime Minister and Liberal Party Leader Asquith in December 1916, was invited by King <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> to form a government, but he deferred to <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a>, Secretary of State for War and former Minister of Munitions, who he believed was better placed to lead a coalition ministry. He served in Lloyd George's War Cabinet, first as <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a>. While chancellor, he raised the <a href="/wiki/Stamp_duty" title="Stamp duty">stamp duty</a> on cheques from one penny to twopence in 1918. His promotion reflected the great mutual trust between the two leaders and made for a well co-ordinated political partnership; their coalition was re-elected by a landslide following the Armistice. Law's two eldest sons were both killed whilst fighting in the war. In the <a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">1918 general election</a>, Law returned to Glasgow and was elected as member for <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Central_(constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow Central (constituency)">Glasgow Central</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-war_and_prime_minister">Post-war and prime minister</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Post-war and prime minister">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Conservative_government,_1922%E2%80%931924" title="Conservative government, 1922–1924">Conservative government, 1922–1924</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bonar_Law" title="Special:EditPage/Bonar Law">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2016) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Guthrie_-_Andrew_Bonar_Law_1924.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/James_Guthrie_-_Andrew_Bonar_Law_1924.jpg/220px-James_Guthrie_-_Andrew_Bonar_Law_1924.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/James_Guthrie_-_Andrew_Bonar_Law_1924.jpg/330px-James_Guthrie_-_Andrew_Bonar_Law_1924.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/James_Guthrie_-_Andrew_Bonar_Law_1924.jpg/440px-James_Guthrie_-_Andrew_Bonar_Law_1924.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3351" data-file-height="4280" /></a><figcaption>Andrew Bonar Law by <a href="/wiki/James_Guthrie_(artist)" title="James Guthrie (artist)">James Guthrie</a> (1924)</figcaption></figure> At war's end, Law gave up the Exchequer for the less demanding <a href="/wiki/Sinecure" title="Sinecure">sinecure</a> office of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a>, but remained Leader of the Commons. In 1921, ill health forced his resignation as Conservative leader and Leader of the Commons in favour of <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a>. His departure weakened the hardliners in the cabinet who were opposed to negotiating with the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army">Irish Republican Army</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Irish War">Anglo-Irish War</a> ended in the summer. By 1921–22, the coalition had become embroiled in an air of moral and financial corruption (e.g. the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sale_of_honours&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sale of honours (page does not exist)">sale of honours</a>).<a href="#cite_note-b-137">[137]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Besides the recent Irish Treaty and <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Montagu" title="Edwin Montagu">Edwin Montagu</a>'s moves towards <a href="/wiki/Montagu%E2%80%93Chelmsford_Reforms" title="Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms">greater self-government</a> for <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, both of which dismayed rank-and-file Conservative opinion, the government's willingness to intervene against the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> regime in Russia also seemed out of step with the new and more pacifist mood.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] A sharp slump in 1921 and a wave of strikes in the coal and railway industries also added to the government's unpopularity, as did the apparent failure of the <a href="/wiki/Genoa_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Genoa Conference">Genoa Conference</a>, which ended in an apparent rapprochement between Germany and Soviet Russia. In other words, it was no longer the case that Lloyd George was an electoral asset to the Conservative Party.<a href="#cite_note-b-137">[137]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Lloyd George, Birkenhead and <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (still distrusted by many Conservatives) wished to use armed force against <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Chanak_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanak Crisis">Chanak Crisis</a>), but had to back down when offered support only by <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a>, and not Canada, Australia or the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a>; Law wrote to The Times in support of the government, but stating that Britain could not "act as the policeman for the world".<a href="#cite_note-b164-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> At a <a href="/wiki/Carlton_Club_meeting" title="Carlton Club meeting">meeting at the Carlton Club</a>, Conservative backbenchers, led by the President of the Board of Trade <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a> and influenced by the recent <a href="/wiki/1922_Newport_by-election" title="1922 Newport by-election">Newport by-election</a>, which was won from the Liberals by a Conservative, voted to end the Lloyd George Coalition and fight the next election as an independent party. Austen Chamberlain resigned as Party Leader, Lloyd George resigned as prime minister and Law took both jobs on 23 October 1922.<a href="#cite_note-b200-140">[140]</a> Many leading Conservatives (e.g. Birkenhead, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a>, Austen Chamberlain, Robert Horne) were not members of the new Cabinet, which Birkenhead contemptuously referred to as "the Second Eleven".<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-b216-142">[142]</a> Although the Coalition Conservatives numbered no more than thirty, they hoped to dominate any future Coalition government in the same way that the similarly sized Peelite group had dominated the <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_ministry" title="Aberdeen ministry">Coalition Government of 1852–1855</a> – an analogy much used at the time.<a href="#cite_note-b209-143">[143]</a> Parliament was immediately dissolved, and a <a href="/wiki/1922_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1922 United Kingdom general election">General Election</a> ensued. Besides the two Conservative factions, the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> were fighting as a major national party for the first time and indeed became the main Opposition after the election; the Liberals were still split into Asquith and Lloyd George factions, with many Lloyd George Liberals still unopposed by Conservative candidates (including Churchill, who was defeated at <a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a> nonetheless). Despite the confused political arena the Conservatives were re-elected with a comfortable majority.<a href="#cite_note-b222-144">[144]</a> Questions were raised about whether the elderly Conservative Party Treasurer, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Farquhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Farquhar">Lord Farquhar</a>, had passed on to Lloyd George (who during his premiership had amassed a large fund, largely from the sale of honours) any money intended for the Conservative Party. The Coalition Conservatives also hoped to obtain Conservative Party money from Farquhar. Bonar Law found Farquhar too "gaga" to properly explain what had happened, and dismissed him.<a href="#cite_note-b203-145">[145]</a> One of the questions which taxed Law's brief government was that of inter-Allied war debts. Britain owed money to the US, and in turn was owed four times as much money by France, Italy and the other Allied powers, although under the Lloyd George government Balfour had promised that Britain would collect no more money from other Allies than she was required to repay the United States; the debt was hard to repay as trade (exports were needed to earn foreign currency) had not returned to prewar levels. On a trip to the United States, Stanley Baldwin, the inexperienced <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a>, agreed to repay £40 million per annum to the United States rather than the £25 million which the British government had thought feasible, and on his return announced the deal to the press when his ship docked at <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a>, before the Cabinet had had a chance to consider it.<a href="#cite_note-b231-146">[146]</a> Law contemplated resignation, and after being talked out of it by senior ministers vented his feelings in an anonymous letter to <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resignation_and_death">Resignation and death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Resignation and death">edit</a>]</div> Law was soon diagnosed with terminal <a href="/wiki/Oesophageal_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Oesophageal cancer">throat cancer</a> and, no longer physically able to speak in Parliament, resigned on 20 May 1923. King <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> sent for Baldwin, whom Law is rumoured to have favoured over <a href="/wiki/Lord_Curzon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Curzon">Lord Curzon</a>. However Law did not offer any advice to the King.<a href="#cite_note-Clark25-148">[148]</a> Law died later that same year in London at the age of 65. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_of_Andrew_Bonar_Law_in_Westminster_Abbey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Grave_of_Andrew_Bonar_Law_in_Westminster_Abbey.jpg/220px-Grave_of_Andrew_Bonar_Law_in_Westminster_Abbey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Grave_of_Andrew_Bonar_Law_in_Westminster_Abbey.jpg/330px-Grave_of_Andrew_Bonar_Law_in_Westminster_Abbey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Grave_of_Andrew_Bonar_Law_in_Westminster_Abbey.jpg/440px-Grave_of_Andrew_Bonar_Law_in_Westminster_Abbey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2487" data-file-height="2407" /></a><figcaption>Bonar Law's grave in Westminster Abbey</figcaption></figure> His funeral was held at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> where later his ashes were interred. He was the first British prime minister to be cremated. His estate was probated at £35,736 (approximately £2,600,000 as of 2024).<a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-149">[149]</a> Bonar Law was the shortest-serving prime minister of the 20th century. He is often referred to as "the unknown prime minister", not least because of a biography of that title by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Blake,_Baron_Blake" title="Robert Blake, Baron Blake">Robert Blake</a>; the name comes from a remark by Asquith at Law's funeral, that they were burying the Unknown Prime Minister next to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> A tiny hamlet in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Stirling-Rawdon,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Stirling-Rawdon, Ontario">Stirling-Rawdon, Ontario</a>, Canada, is named Bonarlaw after the British prime minister. It had been known as "Big Springs" and then "Bellview". The <a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law_Memorial_High_School" title="Bonar Law Memorial High School">Bonar Law Memorial High School</a> in Bonar Law's birthplace, <a href="/wiki/Five_Rivers,_New_Brunswick" title="Five Rivers, New Brunswick">Five Rivers, New Brunswick</a>, Canada, is also named in his honour. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bonar_Law's_government,_October_1922_–_May_1923">Bonar Law's government, October 1922 – May 1923</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bonar Law's government, October 1922 – May 1923">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Bonar Law – Prime Minister and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cave,_1st_Viscount_Cave" title="George Cave, 1st Viscount Cave">Lord Cave</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Edward_Hubert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_4th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" class="mw-redirect" title="James Edward Hubert Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury">Lord Salisbury</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Clive_Bridgeman" class="mw-redirect" title="William Clive Bridgeman">William Clive Bridgeman</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Home_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for the Home Department">Secretary of State for the Home Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nathaniel_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" class="mw-redirect" title="George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Lord Curzon of Kedleston</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the House of Lords">Leader of the House of Lords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Cavendish,_9th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire">The Duke of Devonshire</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Secretary of State for the Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_George_Villiers_Stanley,_17th_Earl_of_Derby" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward George Villiers Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby">Lord Derby</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_War" title="Secretary of State for War">Secretary of State for War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wellesley_Peel,_1st_Earl_Peel" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wellesley Peel, 1st Earl Peel">Lord Peel</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_India" title="Secretary of State for India">Secretary of State for India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Munro_Ferguson,_1st_Viscount_Novar" title="Ronald Munro Ferguson, 1st Viscount Novar">Lord Novar</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_for_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary for Scotland">Secretary for Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Stennett_Amery" class="mw-redirect" title="Leopold Stennett Amery">Leo Amery</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Cunliffe-Lister,_1st_Earl_of_Swinton" title="Philip Cunliffe-Lister, 1st Earl of Swinton">Sir Philip Lloyd-Greame</a> – <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Board_of_Trade" title="President of the Board of Trade">President of the Board of Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Arthur_Sanders,_1st_Baron_Bayford" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Arthur Sanders, 1st Baron Bayford">Sir Robert Sanders</a> – <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Agriculture,_Fisheries_and_Food" title="Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food">Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Edward Wood</a> – <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Board_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Board of Education">President of the Board of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montague_Barlow" class="mw-redirect" title="Montague Barlow">Sir Montague Barlow</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Employment" title="Secretary of State for Employment">Minister of Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Griffith-Boscawen" title="Arthur Griffith-Boscawen">Sir Arthur Griffith-Boscawen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Health">Minister of Health</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Changes">Changes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Changes">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>April 1923 – Griffith-Boscawen resigned as Minister of Health after losing his seat and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_depictions">Cultural depictions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Cultural depictions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_British_prime_ministers#Bonar_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural depictions of British prime ministers">Cultural depictions of British prime ministers § Bonar Law</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/bonar-law">"Bonar Law – Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com"</a>. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 21 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bonar+Law+%E2%80%93+Definition%2C+pictures%2C+pronunciation+and+usage+notes+Oxford+Advanced+Learner%27s+Dictionary+at+OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Fbonar-law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-a1-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a1_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a1_2-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/R._J._Q._Adams" title="R. J. Q. Adams">R. J. Q. Adams</a> (1999) p. 3 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams19994-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdams19994_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdams19994_3-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAdams1999">Adams 1999</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaybourn200137-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaybourn200137_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLaybourn2001">Laybourn 2001</a>, p. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-a3-5"><a href="#cite_ref-a3_5-0">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 5 </li> <li id="cite_note-a4-6"><a href="#cite_ref-a4_6-0">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 6 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESforza1969193-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESforza1969193_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSforza1969">Sforza 1969</a>, p. 193. </li> <li id="cite_note-a5-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a5_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a5_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a5_8-2">c</a> Adams (1999) p. 7 </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Birkenhead (1977) p. 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Taylor (2007) p. 6 </li> <li id="cite_note-a6-11"><a href="#cite_ref-a6_11-0">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 9 </li> <li id="cite_note-a7-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a7_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a7_12-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p. 293 </li> <li id="cite_note-a8a-13"><a href="#cite_ref-a8a_13-0">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 12 </li> <li id="cite_note-a8-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a8_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a8_14-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p.10 </li> <li id="cite_note-a9-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a9_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a9_15-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p. 13 </li> <li id="cite_note-a7a-16"><a href="#cite_ref-a7a_16-0">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 11 </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Winter_(chess_historian)" title="Edward Winter (chess historian)">Edward Winter</a>, Andrew Bonar Law and Chess, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/bonarlaw.html">Chess Notes</a>. Retrieved 21 April 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-a10-18"><a href="#cite_ref-a10_18-0">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 16 </li> <li id="cite_note-a11-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a11_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a11_19-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p. 17 </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor11-20"><a href="#cite_ref-taylor11_20-0">^</a> Taylor (2007) p. 11 </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor12-21"><a href="#cite_ref-taylor12_21-0">^</a> Taylor (2007) p.12 </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/keith-murdoch-a-new-book-examines-rupert-murdochs-father-gallipoli-and-the-birth-of-the-media-a6701756.html">The Independent, "Keith Murdoch: A new book examines Rupert Murdoch's father, Gallipoli, and the birth of the media dynasty", 20 October 2015</a>. Retrieved 7 October 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-a12-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a12_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a12_23-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p. 18 </li> <li id="cite_note-a13-24"><a href="#cite_ref-a13_24-0">^</a> Adams (1999) p.19 </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>, 5 October 1900, page 8 </li> <li id="cite_note-a14-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a14_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a14_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a14_26-2">c</a> Adams (1999) p. 20 </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor8-27"><a href="#cite_ref-taylor8_27-0">^</a> Taylor (2007) p. 8 </li> <li id="cite_note-a15-28"><a href="#cite_ref-a15_28-0">^</a> Adams (1999) p.21 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESforza1969194-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESforza1969194_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSforza1969">Sforza 1969</a>, p. 194. </li> <li id="cite_note-a16-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a16_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a16_30-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p.22 </li> <li id="cite_note-a17-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a17_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a17_31-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p.23 </li> <li id="cite_note-a18-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a18_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a18_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a18_32-2">c</a> Adams (1999) p.24 </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Mr Balfour's Ministry – full list of appointments". The Times. No. 36842. London. 9 August 1902. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Mr+Balfour%27s+Ministry+%E2%80%93+full+list+of+appointments&rft.issue=36842&rft.pages=p.-5&rft.date=1902-08-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor9-34"><a href="#cite_ref-taylor9_34-0">^</a> Taylor (2007) p. 9 </li> <li id="cite_note-a19-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a19_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a19_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a19_35-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a19_35-3">d</a> Adams (1999) p.25 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaybourn200138-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaybourn200138_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLaybourn2001">Laybourn 2001</a>, p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-a20-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a20_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a20_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a20_37-2">c</a> Adams (1999) p.26 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams199927-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdams199927_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAdams1999">Adams 1999</a>, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-a21-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a21_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a21_39-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p.28 </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Birkenhead (1977) p. 4 </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Adams (1999) p.30 </li> <li id="cite_note-a22-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a22_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a22_42-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a22_42-2">c</a> Adams (1999) p.31 </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Adams (1999) p.37 </li> <li id="cite_note-a23-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a23_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a23_44-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p.38 </li> <li id="cite_note-a24-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a24_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a24_45-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a24_45-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a24_45-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a24_45-4">e</a> Adams (1999) p.39 </li> <li id="cite_note-a25-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a25_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a25_46-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p.40 </li> <li id="cite_note-a26-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a26_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a26_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a26_47-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a26_47-3">d</a> Adams (1999) p.41 </li> <li id="cite_note-a27-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a27_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a27_48-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p. 42 </li> <li id="cite_note-a28-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a28_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a28_49-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p.43 </li> <li id="cite_note-a29-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a29_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a29_50-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p.43–44 </li> <li id="cite_note-a30-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a30_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a30_51-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p.45 </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 46 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams199947-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdams199947_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdams199947_53-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAdams1999">Adams 1999</a>, p. 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Adams (1999) p.48 </li> <li id="cite_note-a32-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a32_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a32_55-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p.49 </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Adams (1999) p.54 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams199955-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdams199955_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdams199955_57-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAdams1999">Adams 1999</a>, p. 55. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Adams (1999) p.56 </li> <li id="cite_note-a34-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a34_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a34_59-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a34_59-2">c</a> Adams (1999) p.57 </li> <li id="cite_note-a35-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a35_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a35_60-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p.59 </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 63 </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> Adams (1999) p.64 </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> Blake (1955) p. 86. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 67 </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 68 </li> <li id="cite_note-a36-66"><a href="#cite_ref-a36_66-0">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 61 </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 73 </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 72 </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 70 </li> <li id="cite_note-a37-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a37_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a37_70-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p. 74 </li> <li id="cite_note-a38-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a38_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a38_71-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p.75 </li> <li id="cite_note-a39-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a39_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a39_72-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p. 76 </li> <li id="cite_note-a40-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a40_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a40_73-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a40_73-2">c</a> Adams (1999) p.79 </li> <li id="cite_note-a41-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a41_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a41_74-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a41_74-2">c</a> Adams (1999) p.80 </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Adams (1999) p.81 </li> <li id="cite_note-a42-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a42_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a42_76-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a42_76-2">c</a> Adams (1999) p. 82 </li> <li id="cite_note-a43-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a43_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a43_77-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a43_77-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a43_77-3">d</a> Adams (1999) p.83 </li> <li id="cite_note-a44-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a44_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a44_78-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a44_78-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a44_78-3">d</a> Adams (1999) p.84 </li> <li id="cite_note-a45-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a45_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a45_79-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a45_79-2">c</a> Adams (1999) p. 86 </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 87 </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Adams (1999) p.89 </li> <li id="cite_note-a46-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a46_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a46_82-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p. 90 </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 91 </li> <li id="cite_note-a49-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a49_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a49_84-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p. 99 </li> <li id="cite_note-a50-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a50_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a50_85-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a50_85-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a50_85-3">d</a> Adams (1999) p. 98 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007575-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007575_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007575_86-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007575_86-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007575_86-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFKennedy2007">Kennedy 2007</a>, p. 575. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007577-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007577_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007577_87-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007577_87-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007577_87-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007577_87-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFKennedy2007">Kennedy 2007</a>, p. 577. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007578-88"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007578_88-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKennedy2007">Kennedy 2007</a>, p. 578. </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Adams (1999) p.102 </li> <li id="cite_note-a51-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a51_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a51_90-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p. 103 </li> <li id="cite_note-a52-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a52_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a52_91-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p.104 </li> <li id="cite_note-a53-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a53_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a53_92-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p.105 </li> <li id="cite_note-a54-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a54_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a54_93-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p. 106 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007579-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007579_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007579_94-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKennedy2007">Kennedy 2007</a>, p. 579. </li> <li id="cite_note-a55-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a55_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a55_95-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p.107 </li> <li id="cite_note-a56-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a56_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a56_96-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p. 109 </li> <li id="cite_note-a57-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a57_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a57_97-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p.111 </li> <li id="cite_note-a58-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a58_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a58_98-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a58_98-2">c</a> Adams (1999) p. 112 </li> <li id="cite_note-a59-99">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a59_99-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a59_99-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p. 113 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007580-100">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007580_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007580_100-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007580_100-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007580_100-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFKennedy2007">Kennedy 2007</a>, p. 580. </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Adams (1999) p.116 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007581-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007581_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007581_102-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007581_102-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007581_102-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007581_102-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFKennedy2007">Kennedy 2007</a>, p. 581. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> Adams (1999) p.118 </li> <li id="cite_note-a60-104">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a60_104-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a60_104-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a60_104-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a60_104-3">d</a> Adams (1999) p.124 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007583-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007583_105-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007583_105-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007583_105-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFKennedy2007">Kennedy 2007</a>, p. 583. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007583–584-106"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007583–584_106-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKennedy2007">Kennedy 2007</a>, pp. 583–584. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007584-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007584_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007584_107-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2007584_107-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFKennedy2007">Kennedy 2007</a>, p. 584. </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 126 </li> <li id="cite_note-a61-109">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a61_109-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a61_109-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a61_109-2">c</a> Adams (1999) p. 129 </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> Adams (1999) p.132 </li> <li id="cite_note-a62-111"><a href="#cite_ref-a62_111-0">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 133 </li> <li id="cite_note-a63-112">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a63_112-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a63_112-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a63_112-2">c</a> Adams (1999) p. 134 </li> <li id="cite_note-a64-113">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a64_113-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a64_113-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p. 136 </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> Kendle (1992) p. 80 </li> <li id="cite_note-a65-115">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a65_115-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a65_115-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a65_115-2">c</a> Adams (1999) p. 137 </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> Kendle (1992) p. 82 </li> <li id="cite_note-a66-117">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a66_117-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a66_117-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p. 141 </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 145 </li> <li id="cite_note-a67-119">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a67_119-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a67_119-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p. 146 </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> George Dangerfield, <a href="/wiki/The_Strange_Death_of_Liberal_England" title="The Strange Death of Liberal England">The Strange Death of Liberal England</a> (New York: Smith and Haas, 1935) </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> Stephen Evans, "The Conservatives and the Redefinition of Unionism 1912–21", Twentieth-Century British History (1998) 9#1, pp. 1–27. </li> <li id="cite_note-a68a-122"><a href="#cite_ref-a68a_122-0">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 147 </li> <li id="cite_note-a68-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a68_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a68_123-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a68_123-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a68_123-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a68_123-4">e</a> Adams (1999) p.149 </li> <li id="cite_note-a69-124">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a69_124-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a69_124-1">b</a> Adams (1999) p.150 </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 171 </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> Adams (1999) pp. 172–174 </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> Adams (1999) p.175 </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 178 </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> David French (179). "The military background to the 'shell crisis' of May 1915". Journal of Strategic Studies 2.2: 192–205. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 180 </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 184 </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 185 </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 187 </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 188 </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 189 </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> Adams (1999) p. 196 </li> <li id="cite_note-b-137">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b_137-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_137-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeaverbrook1963">Beaverbrook 1963</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-b164-138"><a href="#cite_ref-b164_138-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeaverbrook1963">Beaverbrook 1963</a>, pp. 164–9 </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonar_Law1922" class="citation news cs1">Bonar Law (7 October 1922). "The Near East Pronouncement by Mr Bonar Law "We Cannot Act Alone" The Choice Before France from Mr Bonar Law". Correspondence. The Times. No. 43156. London. col F, p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+Near+East+Pronouncement+by+Mr+Bonar+Law+%22We+Cannot+Act+Alone%22+The+Choice+Before+France+from+Mr+Bonar+Law&rft.issue=43156&rft.pages=col+F%2C+p.-11&rft.date=1922-10-07&rft.au=Bonar+Law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-b200-140"><a href="#cite_ref-b200_140-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeaverbrook1963">Beaverbrook 1963</a>, pp. 200–2 </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBall2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Ball" title="Stuart Ball">Ball, Stuart</a> (2013). "Ministers". Portrait of a Party: The Conservative Party in Britain 1918-1945. Oxford University Press. p. 415. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199667987" title="Special:BookSources/9780199667987"><bdi>9780199667987</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ministers&rft.btitle=Portrait+of+a+Party%3A+The+Conservative+Party+in+Britain+1918-1945&rft.pages=415&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780199667987&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-b216-142"><a href="#cite_ref-b216_142-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeaverbrook1963">Beaverbrook 1963</a>, p. 216 </li> <li id="cite_note-b209-143"><a href="#cite_ref-b209_143-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeaverbrook1963">Beaverbrook 1963</a>, pp. 209–214 </li> <li id="cite_note-b222-144"><a href="#cite_ref-b222_144-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeaverbrook1963">Beaverbrook 1963</a>, p. 222 </li> <li id="cite_note-b203-145"><a href="#cite_ref-b203_145-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeaverbrook1963">Beaverbrook 1963</a>, pp. 203–4 </li> <li id="cite_note-b231-146"><a href="#cite_ref-b231_146-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeaverbrook1963">Beaverbrook 1963</a>, p. 231 </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> Ahamed, Liaquat: Lords of Finance, p. 144; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-311680-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-311680-6">978-0-14-311680-6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clark25-148"><a href="#cite_ref-Clark25_148-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Clark" title="Alan Clark">Alan Clark</a>, The Tories: Conservatives and the Nation State 1922–1997 (<a href="/wiki/Weidenfeld_%26_Nicolson" title="Weidenfeld & Nicolson">Weidenfeld & Nicolson</a>, 1998), p. 25; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7538-0765-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7538-0765-3">0-7538-0765-3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-UK-149"><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_149-0">^</a> UK <a href="/wiki/Retail_Price_Index" title="Retail Price Index">Retail Price Index</a> inflation figures are based on data from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2017" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Gregory (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://measuringworth.com/datasets/ukearncpi/">"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MeasuringWorth" title="MeasuringWorth">MeasuringWorth</a>. Retrieved 7 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MeasuringWorth&rft.atitle=The+Annual+RPI+and+Average+Earnings+for+Britain%2C+1209+to+Present+%28New+Series%29&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeasuringworth.com%2Fdatasets%2Fukearncpi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> Robert Pearce, "Andrew Bonar Law." History Review 51 (2005) p.34. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/R._J._Q._Adams" title="R. J. Q. Adams">Adams, R. J. Q.</a> (1999). Bonar Law. John Murray. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7195-5422-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7195-5422-5"><bdi>0-7195-5422-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bonar+Law&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-7195-5422-5&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=R.+J.+Q.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._J._Q._Adams" title="R. J. Q. Adams">Adams, R. J. Q.</a> '"Andrew Bonar Law and the fall of the Asquith Coalition: The December 1916 cabinet crisis," Canadian Journal of History (1997) 32#2 pp 185–200 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A19849697/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=GPS&xid=3f7b2b2a">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeaverbrook1963" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Beaverbrook" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Beaverbrook">Lord Beaverbrook</a> (1963). The Decline and Fall of Lloyd George. London: Collins.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Decline+and+Fall+of+Lloyd+George&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Collins&rft.date=1963&rft.au=Lord+Beaverbrook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirkenhead1977" class="citation book cs1">Birkenhead, Frederick E. (1977). Contemporary Personalities. Ayer Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8369-0061-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8369-0061-8"><bdi>0-8369-0061-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Personalities&rft.pub=Ayer+Publishing&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-8369-0061-8&rft.aulast=Birkenhead&rft.aufirst=Frederick+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Blake, Robert. The Unknown Prime Minister: The Life and Times of Andrew Bonar Law, 1858–1923 (London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1955) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.227260">online</a></li> <li>Charmley, John. A History of Conservative Politics, 1900–1996 London: Macmillan, 1996)</li> <li>Clark, Alan. The Tories: Conservatives and the Nation State, 1922–1997, (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1998)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEccleshall1998" class="citation book cs1">Eccleshall, Robert (1998). Biographical dictionary of British prime ministers. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-10830-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-10830-6"><bdi>0-415-10830-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+dictionary+of+British+prime+ministers&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-415-10830-6&rft.aulast=Eccleshall&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000unse_k7v1">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnsor1936" class="citation book cs1">Ensor, Robert (1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108175">England 1870 – 1914</a>. Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/400389">400389</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=England+1870+%E2%80%93+1914&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1936&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F400389&rft.aulast=Ensor&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.108175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/england18701914o00robe">online free to borrow</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKendle1992" class="citation book cs1">Kendle, John (1992). Walter Long, Ireland and the Union, 1905–1920. McGill-Queen's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7735-0908-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7735-0908-9"><bdi>0-7735-0908-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walter+Long%2C+Ireland+and+the+Union%2C+1905%E2%80%931920&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-7735-0908-9&rft.aulast=Kendle&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2007" class="citation journal cs1">Kennedy, Thomas (July 2007). "Troubled Tories: Dissent and Confusion concerning the Party's Ulster Policy, 1910–1914". Journal of British Studies. 43 (3): 575–593.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+British+Studies&rft.atitle=Troubled+Tories%3A+Dissent+and+Confusion+concerning+the+Party%27s+Ulster+Policy%2C+1910%E2%80%931914&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=575-593&rft.date=2007-07&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaybourn2001" class="citation book cs1">Laybourn, Keith (2001). British political leaders: a biographical dictionary. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57607-043-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-57607-043-3"><bdi>1-57607-043-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+political+leaders%3A+a+biographical+dictionary&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-57607-043-3&rft.aulast=Laybourn&rft.aufirst=Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackintosh1981" class="citation book cs1">Mackintosh, John Pitcairn (1981). The British Cabinet (3rd ed.). Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-416-31380-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-416-31380-9"><bdi>0-416-31380-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Cabinet&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-416-31380-9&rft.aulast=Mackintosh&rft.aufirst=John+Pitcairn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalcolm1977" class="citation book cs1">Malcolm, Ian Zachary (1977). Vacant thrones. Ayer Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8369-0672-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8369-0672-1"><bdi>0-8369-0672-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vacant+thrones&rft.pub=Ayer+Publishing&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-8369-0672-1&rft.aulast=Malcolm&rft.aufirst=Ian+Zachary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMowat1978" class="citation book cs1">Mowat, Charles Loch (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/britainbetweenwa00mowa">Britain between the wars: 1918–1940</a> (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-416-29510-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-416-29510-X"><bdi>0-416-29510-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+between+the+wars%3A+1918%E2%80%931940&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-416-29510-X&rft.aulast=Mowat&rft.aufirst=Charles+Loch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbritainbetweenwa00mowa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/britainbetweenwa00mowa">online free to borrow</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugh1974" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Pugh_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Pugh (author)">Pugh, Martin</a> (1974). "Asquith, Bonar Law and the First Coalition". <a href="/wiki/The_Historical_Journal" title="The Historical Journal">The Historical Journal</a>. 17 (4): 813–836. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0018246X00007925">10.1017/S0018246X00007925</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-246X">0018-246X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159640792">159640792</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=Asquith%2C+Bonar+Law+and+the+First+Coalition&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=813-836&rft.date=1974&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159640792%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0018-246X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0018246X00007925&rft.aulast=Pugh&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaymond2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._T._Raymond" class="mw-redirect" title="E. T. Raymond">Raymond, E. T.</a> (2007). Uncensored Celebrities. Read Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4067-7397-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4067-7397-2"><bdi>978-1-4067-7397-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uncensored+Celebrities&rft.pub=Read+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4067-7397-2&rft.aulast=Raymond&rft.aufirst=E.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSforza1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Sforza" title="Carlo Sforza">Sforza, Carlo</a> (1969). Makers of modern Europe: portraits and personal impressions and recollections. Ayer Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8369-1064-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8369-1064-8"><bdi>0-8369-1064-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Makers+of+modern+Europe%3A+portraits+and+personal+impressions+and+recollections&rft.pub=Ayer+Publishing&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=0-8369-1064-8&rft.aulast=Sforza&rft.aufirst=Carlo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1993" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Jeremy (1993). "Bluff, Bluster and Brinkmanship: Andrew Bonar Law and the Third Home Rule Bill". The Historical Journal. 36 (1): 161–178. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0018246X00016150">10.1017/S0018246X00016150</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-246X">0018-246X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159691644">159691644</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=Bluff%2C+Bluster+and+Brinkmanship%3A+Andrew+Bonar+Law+and+the+Third+Home+Rule+Bill&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=161-178&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159691644%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0018-246X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0018246X00016150&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2006" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Andrew (2006). Bonar Law. Haus Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-904950-59-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-904950-59-0"><bdi>1-904950-59-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bonar+Law&rft.pub=Haus+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-904950-59-0&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1965" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, A. J. P. (1965). English History 1914–1945. Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/174762876">174762876</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+History+1914%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F174762876&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=A.+J.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner1988" class="citation book cs1">Turner, John (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/britainfirstworl0000unse_a4h8">Britain and the First World War</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-04-445109-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-04-445109-1"><bdi>0-04-445109-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+and+the+First+World+War&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-04-445109-1&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbritainfirstworl0000unse_a4h8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Bonar Law at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bonar_Law" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Bonar Law">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Andrew_Bonar_Law" class="extiw" title="c:category:Andrew Bonar Law">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bonar_Law" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Bonar Law">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Bonar_Law" class="extiw" title="q:Bonar Law">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Andrew_Bonar_Law" class="extiw" title="s:Andrew Bonar Law">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bonar_Law" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Bonar Law">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bonar_Law" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Bonar Law">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a> 1803–2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-bonar-law">contributions in Parliament by Andrew Bonar Law</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080825210309/http://www.number10.gov.uk/history-and-tour/prime-ministers-in-history/andrew-bonar-law">More about Andrew Bonar Law</a> on the Downing Street website.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.parliament.uk/20110714132843/http://www.portcullis.parliament.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqSearch=RefNo=='BL'&dsqCmd=Show.tcl">The Bonar Law Papers</a> at the UK Parliamentary Archives</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ym0AAAAAYAAJ">1903 illustrated article with photo of Bonar Law</a></li> <li>Stuart Ball: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/bonar_law_andrew/">Bonar Law, Andrew</a>, in: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/home.html/">1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp02646">Portraits of Andrew Bonar Law</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166663#P1816" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F256834">"Archival material relating to Bonar Law"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">UK National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archival+material+relating+to+Bonar+Law&rft.pub=UK+National+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fdetails%2Fc%2FF256834&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonar+Law" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166663#P3029" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.parliament.uk/collections/getrecord/GB61_BL">Parliamentary Archives, The Bonar Law Papers</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Humble_Ward,_2nd_Earl_of_Dudley" class="mw-redirect" title="William Humble Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley">The Earl of Dudley</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Board_of_Trade" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade">Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade</a> 1902–1905 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Kearley,_1st_Viscount_Devonport" title="Hudson Kearley, 1st Viscount Devonport">Hudson Kearley</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition (UK)">Leader of the Opposition</a> 1911–1915 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Sir Edward Carson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Vernon_Harcourt,_1st_Viscount_Harcourt" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Vernon Harcourt, 1st Viscount Harcourt">Lewis Harcourt</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Secretary of State for the Colonies</a> 1915–1916 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Long,_1st_Viscount_Long" title="Walter Long, 1st Viscount Long">Walter Long</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Reginald_McKenna" title="Reginald McKenna">Reginald McKenna</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> 1916–1919 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="3">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a> 1916–1921 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_Lindsay,_27th_Earl_of_Crawford" title="David Lindsay, 27th Earl of Crawford">The Earl of Crawford and Balcarres</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a> 1919–1921 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> 23 October 1922 – 20 May 1923 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a> 1922–1923 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Provand" title="Andrew Provand">Andrew Provand</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Blackfriars_and_Hutchesontown_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Glasgow Blackfriars and Hutchesontown (UK Parliament constituency)">Glasgow Blackfriars and Hutchesontown</a> <a href="/wiki/1900_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1900 United Kingdom general election">1900</a> – <a href="/wiki/1906_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1906 United Kingdom general election">1906</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Barnes_(British_politician)" title="George Barnes (British politician)">George Barnes</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Rutherfoord_Harris" title="Frederick Rutherfoord Harris">Frederick Rutherfoord Harris</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Dulwich_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Dulwich (UK Parliament constituency)">Dulwich</a> <a href="/wiki/1906_Dulwich_by-election" title="1906 Dulwich by-election">1906</a> – <a href="/wiki/December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="December 1910 United Kingdom general election">1910</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Frederick_Hall,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Frederick Hall, 1st Baronet">Frederick Hall</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sandys_(MP_for_Bootle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Sandys (MP for Bootle)">Thomas Sandys</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Bootle_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bootle (UK Parliament constituency)">Bootle</a> <a href="/wiki/1911_Bootle_by-election" title="1911 Bootle by-election">1911</a> – <a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">1918</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Royden,_1st_Baron_Royden" title="Thomas Royden, 1st Baron Royden">Sir Thomas Royden, Bt.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Mackintosh_McLeod" class="mw-redirect" title="John Mackintosh McLeod">John Mackintosh McLeod</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Central_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Glasgow Central (UK Parliament constituency)">Glasgow Central</a> <a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">1918</a> – <a href="/wiki/1923_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1923 United Kingdom general election">1923</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_(Glasgow_MP)" title="William Alexander (Glasgow MP)">William Alexander</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">Leader of the British Conservative Party</a> 1911–1921 with <a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">The Marquess of Lansdowne</a> (1911–1916) </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Nathaniel_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" class="mw-redirect" title="George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">The Marquess Curzon of Kedleston</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Leader in the Commons</a> 1911–1921 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Nathaniel_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" class="mw-redirect" title="George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">The Marquess Curzon of Kedleston</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">Leader of the British Conservative Party</a> 1922–1923 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Raymond Poincaré</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Rector_of_the_University_of_Glasgow" title="Rector of the University of Glasgow">Rector of the University of Glasgow</a> 1919–1922 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/F._E._Smith,_1st_Earl_of_Birkenhead" title="F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead">The Earl of Birkenhead</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bonar_Law_navigational_boxes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Bonar_Law_navigational_boxes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Bonar Law navigational boxes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bonar_Law" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bonar_Law" title="Template:Bonar Law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bonar_Law" title="Template talk:Bonar Law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bonar_Law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bonar Law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bonar_Law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bonar Law</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Premiership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_government,_1922%E2%80%931924#Bonar_Law's_Cabinet,_October_1922_–_May_1923" title="Conservative government, 1922–1924">1922-1923</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3362" data-file-height="4627" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1922 United Kingdom general election">1922</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constituencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Blackfriars_and_Hutchesontown_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Glasgow Blackfriars and Hutchesontown (UK Parliament constituency)">Glasgow Blackfriars and Hutchesontown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulwich_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Dulwich (UK Parliament constituency)">Dulwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bootle_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bootle (UK Parliament constituency)">Bootle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Central_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Glasgow Central (UK Parliament constituency)">Glasgow Central</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Law,_1st_Baron_Coleraine" title="Richard Law, 1st Baron Coleraine">Richard Law</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sykes" title="Frederick Sykes">Frederick Sykes</a> (son-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace_Conference" title="Buckingham Palace Conference">Buckingham Palace Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_Crisis_of_1915" title="Shell Crisis of 1915">Shell Crisis of 1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Cabinet" title="Imperial War Cabinet">Imperial War Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Debate" title="Maurice Debate">Maurice Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Club_meeting" title="Carlton Club meeting">Carlton Club meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State_(Consequential_Provisions)_Act_1922" title="Irish Free State (Consequential Provisions) Act 1922">Irish Free State (Consequential Provisions) Act 1922</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1911_Bootle_by-election" title="1911 Bootle by-election">1911 Bootle by-election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling-Rawdon#Bonarlaw" title="Stirling-Rawdon">Bonarlaw, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law_Memorial_High_School" title="Bonar Law Memorial High School">Bonar Law Memorial High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jacks" title="William Jacks">William Jacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime ministers of the United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Walpole (Orford)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Compton,_1st_Earl_of_Wilmington" title="Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington">Wilmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pelham" title="Henry Pelham">Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pelham-Holles,_1st_Duke_of_Newcastle" title="Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish,_4th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire">Devonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pelham-Holles,_1st_Duke_of_Newcastle" title="Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart,_3rd_Earl_of_Bute" title="John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute">Bute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">G. Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Watson-Wentworth,_2nd_Marquess_of_Rockingham" title="Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham">Rockingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham" title="William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham">Chatham (Pitt the Elder)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_FitzRoy,_3rd_Duke_of_Grafton" title="Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton">Grafton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Watson-Wentworth,_2nd_Marquess_of_Rockingham" title="Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham">Rockingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Petty,_2nd_Earl_of_Shelburne" title="William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne">Shelburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Addington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">Lord Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Perceval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._J._Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" title="F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">Goderich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton-Gordon,_4th_Earl_of_Aberdeen" title="George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli (Beaconsfield)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Campbell-Bannerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Macmillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Truss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Sunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chancellors_of_the_exchequer" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer" title="Template:Chancellors of the Exchequer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer" title="Template talk:Chancellors of the Exchequer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chancellors of the Exchequer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chancellors_of_the_exchequer" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellors of the exchequer</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer_of_England" title="Category:Chancellors of the Exchequer of England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_of_Fauconberg" title="Eustace of Fauconberg">Eustace of Fauconberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maunsell" title="John Maunsell">Maunsell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_de_Leicester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralf de Leicester (page does not exist)">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_of_Westminster_(chancellor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward of Westminster (chancellor) (page does not exist)">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chishull" title="John Chishull">Chishull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Giffard" title="Walter Giffard">W. Giffard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Giffard" title="Godfrey Giffard">G. Giffard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chishull" title="John Chishull">Chishull</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_de_la_Leye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger de la Leye (page does not exist)">de la Leye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_de_Willoughby" title="Philip de Willoughby">Willoughby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_de_Benstede" title="John de Benstede">Benstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sandale" title="John Sandale">Sandale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hotham_(bishop)" title="John Hotham (bishop)">Hotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hervey_de_Stanton" title="Hervey de Stanton">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_de_Harvington" title="Adam de Harvington">Harvington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wodehouse" title="Robert Wodehouse">Wodehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Stratford" title="Robert de Stratford">Stratford</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Ashby_(chancellor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Ashby (chancellor) (page does not exist)">Ashby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Ashton" title="Robert de Ashton">Ashton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Barnham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Barnham (page does not exist)">Barnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Somer" title="Henry Somer">Somer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Somerset" title="John Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Browne_(died_1460)" title="Thomas Browne (died 1460)">Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Witham" title="Thomas Witham">Witham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Thwaites_(civil_servant)" title="Thomas Thwaites (civil servant)">Thwaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Witham" title="Thomas Witham">Witham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fowler_(chancellor)" title="Richard Fowler (chancellor)">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Catesby" title="William Catesby">Catesby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lovell" title="Thomas Lovell">Lovell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bourchier,_2nd_Baron_Berners" title="John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners">Berners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cromwell" title="Thomas Cromwell">Cromwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baker_(died_1558)" title="John Baker (died 1558)">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Sackville_(escheator)" title="Richard Sackville (escheator)">Sackville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mildmay" title="Walter Mildmay">Mildmay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fortescue_of_Salden" title="John Fortescue of Salden">Fortescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Home,_1st_Earl_of_Dunbar" title="George Home, 1st Earl of Dunbar">Dunbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(judge)" title="Julius Caesar (judge)">Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulke_Greville,_1st_Baron_Brooke" title="Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke">Greville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Weston,_1st_Earl_of_Portland" title="Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Barrett,_1st_Lord_Barrett_of_Newburgh" title="Edward Barrett, 1st Lord Barrett of Newburgh">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Cottington,_1st_Baron_Cottington" title="Francis Cottington, 1st Baron Cottington">Cottington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Colepeper,_1st_Baron_Colepeper" title="John Colepeper, 1st Baron Colepeper">Colepeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hyde,_1st_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon">Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ashley_Cooper,_1st_Earl_of_Shaftesbury" title="Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury">Ashley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Duncombe_(Bury_St_Edmunds_MP)" title="John Duncombe (Bury St Edmunds MP)">Duncombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ernle" title="John Ernle">Ernle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Booth,_1st_Earl_of_Warrington" title="Henry Booth, 1st Earl of Warrington">Delamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hampden" title="Richard Hampden">Hampden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Montagu,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax">Montagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer)" title="John Smith (Chancellor of the Exchequer)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Boyle,_1st_Baron_Carleton" title="Henry Boyle, 1st Baron Carleton">Boyle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer_of_Great_Britain" title="Category:Chancellors of the Exchequer of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Boyle,_1st_Baron_Carleton" title="Henry Boyle, 1st Baron Carleton">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer)" title="John Smith (Chancellor of the Exchequer)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Harley,_1st_Earl_of_Oxford_and_Earl_Mortimer" title="Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer">Harley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Benson,_1st_Baron_Bingley" title="Robert Benson, 1st Baron Bingley">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Wyndham,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir William Wyndham, 3rd Baronet">Wyndham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Onslow,_1st_Baron_Onslow" title="Richard Onslow, 1st Baron Onslow">Onslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stanhope,_1st_Earl_Stanhope" title="James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope">Stanhope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Aislabie" title="John Aislabie">Aislabie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pratt_(judge)" title="John Pratt (judge)">Pratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sandys,_1st_Baron_Sandys" title="Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys">Sandys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pelham" title="Henry Pelham">Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lee_(English_judge)" title="William Lee (English judge)">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bilson-Legge" title="Henry Bilson-Legge">Bilson-Legge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lyttelton,_1st_Baron_Lyttelton" title="George Lyttelton, 1st Baron Lyttelton">Lyttelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bilson-Legge" title="Henry Bilson-Legge">Bilson-Legge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Murray,_1st_Earl_of_Mansfield" title="William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bilson-Legge" title="Henry Bilson-Legge">Bilson-Legge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barrington,_2nd_Viscount_Barrington" title="William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington">Barrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Dashwood,_11th_Baron_le_Despencer" title="Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer">Dashwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dowdeswell_(politician,_born_1721)" title="William Dowdeswell (politician, born 1721)">Dowdeswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Townshend" title="Charles Townshend">Townshend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Cavendish" title="Lord John Cavendish">Cavendish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Cavendish" title="Lord John Cavendish">Cavendish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Addington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Law,_1st_Baron_Ellenborough" title="Edward Law, 1st Baron Ellenborough">Ellenborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">Petty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Perceval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Vansittart,_1st_Baron_Bexley" title="Nicholas Vansittart, 1st Baron Bexley">Vansittart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Vansittart,_1st_Baron_Bexley" title="Nicholas Vansittart, 1st Baron Bexley">Vansittart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._J._Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" title="F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Abbott,_1st_Baron_Tenterden" title="Charles Abbott, 1st Baron Tenterden">Tenterden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Herries" title="John Charles Herries">Herries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Goulburn" title="Henry Goulburn">Goulburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_3rd_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer">Althorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Denman,_1st_Baron_Denman" title="Thomas Denman, 1st Baron Denman">Denman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Spring_Rice,_1st_Baron_Monteagle_of_Brandon" title="Thomas Spring Rice, 1st Baron Monteagle of Brandon">Spring Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Baring,_1st_Baron_Northbrook" title="Francis Baring, 1st Baron Northbrook">Baring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Goulburn" title="Henry Goulburn">Goulburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wood,_1st_Viscount_Halifax" title="Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cornewall_Lewis" title="George Cornewall Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ward_Hunt" title="George Ward Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowe" title="Robert Lowe">Lowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Northcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Childers" title="Hugh Childers">Childers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lord Randolph Churchill">R. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Goschen,_1st_Viscount_Goschen" title="George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen">Goschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ritchie,_1st_Baron_Ritchie_of_Dundee" title="Charles Ritchie, 1st Baron Ritchie of Dundee">Ritchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">A. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_McKenna" title="Reginald McKenna">McKenna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">A. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Horne,_1st_Viscount_Horne_of_Slamannan" title="Robert Horne, 1st Viscount Horne of Slamannan">Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">N. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Snowden,_1st_Viscount_Snowden" title="Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden">Snowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">W. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Snowden,_1st_Viscount_Snowden" title="Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden">Snowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">N. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon" title="John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsley_Wood" title="Kingsley Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anderson,_1st_Viscount_Waverley" title="John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Dalton" title="Hugh Dalton">Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Macmillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thorneycroft" title="Peter Thorneycroft">Thorneycroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derick_Heathcoat-Amory,_1st_Viscount_Amory" title="Derick Heathcoat-Amory, 1st Viscount Amory">Heathcoat-Amory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Lloyd" title="Selwyn Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Maudling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Macleod" title="Iain Macleod">Macleod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Barber" title="Anthony Barber">Barber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Lawson" title="Nigel Lawson">Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lamont" title="Norman Lamont">Lamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke" title="Kenneth Clarke">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Darling" title="Alistair Darling">Darling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Osborne" title="George Osborne">Osborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hammond" title="Philip Hammond">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajid_Javid" title="Sajid Javid">Javid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Sunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadhim_Zahawi" title="Nadhim Zahawi">Zahawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwasi_Kwarteng" title="Kwasi Kwarteng">Kwarteng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hunt" title="Jeremy Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Reeves" title="Rachel Reeves">Reeves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italic: Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer, as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chief_Justice_of_England_and_Wales" title="Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales">Lord Chief Justice</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_House_of_Commons" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Template:Leader of the House of Commons"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Template talk:Leader of the House of Commons"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leader of the House of Commons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_House_of_Commons" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leaders of the House of Commons</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sandys,_1st_Baron_Sandys" title="Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys">Sandys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pelham" title="Henry Pelham">Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robinson,_1st_Baron_Grantham" title="Thomas Robinson, 1st Baron Grantham">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fox,_1st_Baron_Holland" title="Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland">H. Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham" title="William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham">Pitt the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1757_caretaker_ministry" title="1757 caretaker ministry">Vacant (caretaker ministry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham" title="William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham">Pitt the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fox,_1st_Baron_Holland" title="Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland">H. Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Seymour_Conway" title="Henry Seymour Conway">Conway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">C. Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Townshend,_1st_Viscount_Sydney" title="Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney">Townshend</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">C. Fox</a>/<a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">North</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Addington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">C. Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Howick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Perceval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_Viscount_Castlereagh" title="Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh">Castlereagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Huskisson" title="William Huskisson">Huskisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_3rd_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer">Althorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Northcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks-Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lord Randolph Churchill">R. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Smith_(1825%E2%80%931891)" title="William Henry Smith (1825–1891)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Campbell-Bannerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">A. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">N. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">W. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Chuter_Ede" title="James Chuter Ede">Chuter Ede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Crookshank" title="Harry Crookshank">Crookshank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Macleod" title="Iain Macleod">Macleod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Lloyd" title="Selwyn Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Bowden,_Baron_Aylestone" title="Herbert Bowden, Baron Aylestone">Bowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Crossman" title="Richard Crossman">Crossman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Peart,_Baron_Peart" title="Fred Peart, Baron Peart">Peart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whitelaw" title="William Whitelaw">Whitelaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Carr" title="Robert Carr">Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Prior" title="Jim Prior">Prior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_St_John-Stevas" title="Norman St John-Stevas">St John-Stevas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pym" title="Francis Pym">Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Biffen" title="John Biffen">Biffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wakeham" title="John Wakeham">Wakeham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_MacGregor,_Baron_MacGregor_of_Pulham_Market" title="John MacGregor, Baron MacGregor of Pulham Market">MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Newton,_Baron_Newton_of_Braintree" title="Tony Newton, Baron Newton of Braintree">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Taylor,_Baroness_Taylor_of_Bolton" title="Ann Taylor, Baroness Taylor of Bolton">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Cook" title="Robin Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reid,_Baron_Reid_of_Cardowan" title="John Reid, Baron Reid of Cardowan">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hain" title="Peter Hain">Hain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Hoon" title="Geoff Hoon">Hoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Straw" title="Jack Straw">Straw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Young,_Baron_Young_of_Cookham" title="George Young, Baron Young of Cookham">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lansley" title="Andrew Lansley">Lansley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Grayling" title="Chris Grayling">Grayling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lidington" title="David Lidington">Lidington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Leadsom" title="Andrea Leadsom">Leadsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Stride" title="Mel Stride">Stride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Rees-Mogg" title="Jacob Rees-Mogg">Rees-Mogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Spencer_(British_politician)" title="Mark Spencer (British politician)">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Mordaunt" title="Penny Mordaunt">Mordaunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Powell" title="Lucy Powell">Powell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_Bonar_Law_(1922–1923)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bonar_Law_Ministry" title="Template:Bonar Law Ministry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bonar_Law_Ministry" title="Template talk:Bonar Law Ministry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bonar_Law_Ministry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bonar Law Ministry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_Bonar_Law_(1922–1923)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cabinet of the United Kingdom">Cabinet</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bonar Law</a> (1922–1923)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bonar Law</a> (1922–1923)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="16" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3362" data-file-height="4627" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Cave,_1st_Viscount_Cave" title="George Cave, 1st Viscount Cave">Lord Cave</a> (1922–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Gascoyne-Cecil,_4th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury">Lord Salisbury</a> (1922–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a> (1922–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Bridgeman,_1st_Viscount_Bridgeman" title="William Bridgeman, 1st Viscount Bridgeman">William Bridgeman</a> (1922–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary" title="Foreign Secretary">Foreign Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the House of Lords">Leader of the House of Lords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Lord Curzon</a> (1922–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Secretary of State for the Colonies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Cavendish,_9th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire">The Duke of Devonshire</a> (1922–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_War" title="Secretary of State for War">Secretary of State for War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_17th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby">Lord Derby</a> (1922–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_India" title="Secretary of State for India">Secretary of State for India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Peel,_1st_Earl_Peel" title="William Peel, 1st Earl Peel">Lord Peel</a> (1922–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Scotland" title="Secretary of State for Scotland">Secretary of State for Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Munro_Ferguson,_1st_Viscount_Novar" title="Ronald Munro Ferguson, 1st Viscount Novar">Lord Novar</a> (1922–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Amery" title="Leo Amery">Leo Amery</a> (1922–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Board_of_Trade" title="President of the Board of Trade">President of the Board of Trade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Cunliffe-Lister,_1st_Earl_of_Swinton" title="Philip Cunliffe-Lister, 1st Earl of Swinton">Sir Phillip Lloyd-Greame</a> (1922–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Agriculture_and_Fisheries" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries">Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sanders,_1st_Baron_Bayford" title="Robert Sanders, 1st Baron Bayford">Sir Robert Sanders</a> (1922–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Board_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Board of Education">President of the Board of Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">E. F. L. Wood</a> (1922–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Employment" title="Secretary of State for Employment">Minister of Labour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Anderson_Montague-Barlow,_1st_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Anderson Montague-Barlow, 1st Baronet">Sir Anderson Montague-Barlow</a> (1922–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Health">Minister of Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Griffith-Boscawen" title="Arthur Griffith-Boscawen">Arthur Griffith-Boscawen</a> (1922–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a> (1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Conservative_and_Unionist_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Template:Conservative Party (UK)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Template talk:Conservative Party (UK)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservative Party (UK)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Conservative_and_Unionist_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative and Unionist Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_Archive" title="Conservative Party Archive">Conservative Party Archive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="History of the Conservative Party (UK)">History of the Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#United_Kingdom" title="Conservatism">History of conservatism in Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Electoral history of the Conservative Party (UK)">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tories_(British_political_party)" title="Tories (British political party)">Tories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamworth_Manifesto" title="Tamworth Manifesto">Tamworth Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Club" title="Carlton Club">Carlton Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primrose_League" title="Primrose League">Primrose League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariff_Reform_League" title="Tariff Reform League">Tariff Reform League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Free_Food_League" title="Unionist Free Food League">Unionist Free Food League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Coupon" title="Coalition Coupon">Coalition Coupon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Club_meeting" title="Carlton Club meeting">Carlton Club meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Conservative_Party_(UK)_general_election_manifestos" title="List of Conservative Party (UK) general election manifestos">General election manifestos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Party" title="Fourth Party">Fourth Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Unionist_Party" title="Liberal Unionist Party">Liberal Unionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Conservative_Party" title="Irish Conservative Party">Irish Conservative Party </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Unionist_Alliance" title="Irish Unionist Alliance">Irish Unionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(Scotland)" title="Unionist Party (Scotland)">Scottish Unionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(UK,_1917)" title="National Party (UK, 1917)">National Party (1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1931)" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1931)">National Liberal Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><div id="Leadership" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> (1828–1922)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harris,_3rd_Earl_of_Malmesbury" title="James Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury">Malmesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Cairns,_1st_Earl_Cairns" title="Hugh Cairns, 1st Earl Cairns">Cairns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gordon-Lennox,_6th_Duke_of_Richmond" title="Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Beaconsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Cavendish,_8th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire">Devonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Curzon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> (1834–1922)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_George_Bentinck" title="Lord George Bentinck">Bentinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manners,_6th_Duke_of_Rutland" title="Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland">Granby</a></li> <li>vacant (1848–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Manners,_6th_Duke_of_Rutland" title="Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland">Granby</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Herries" title="John Charles Herries">Herries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Northcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lord Randolph Churchill">R. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Smith_(1825%E2%80%931891)" title="William Henry Smith (1825–1891)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">A. Chamberlain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">Leaders (1922–)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">N. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">W. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Macmillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Duncan_Smith" title="Iain Duncan Smith">Duncan Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard" title="Michael Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Truss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Sunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemi_Badenoch" title="Kemi Badenoch">Badenoch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Conservative_Party" title="Chairman of the Conservative Party">Chairmen (1911–)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Steel-Maitland" title="Arthur Steel-Maitland">Steel-Maitland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Younger,_1st_Viscount_Younger_of_Leckie" title="George Younger, 1st Viscount Younger of Leckie">Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Jackson_(cricketer)" title="Stanley Jackson (cricketer)">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._C._Davidson" title="J. C. C. Davidson">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">N. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baird,_1st_Viscount_Stonehaven" title="John Baird, 1st Viscount Stonehaven">Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hacking,_1st_Baron_Hacking" title="Douglas Hacking, 1st Baron Hacking">Hacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dugdale,_1st_Baron_Crathorne" title="Thomas Dugdale, 1st Baron Crathorne">Dugdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Assheton,_1st_Baron_Clitheroe" title="Ralph Assheton, 1st Baron Clitheroe">Assheton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Marquis,_1st_Earl_of_Woolton" title="Frederick Marquis, 1st Earl of Woolton">Woolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Poole,_1st_Baron_Poole" title="Oliver Poole, 1st Baron Poole">Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintin_Hogg,_Baron_Hailsham_of_St_Marylebone" title="Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone">Hailsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Macleod" title="Iain Macleod">Macleod</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Poole,_1st_Baron_Poole" title="Oliver Poole, 1st Baron Poole">Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hare,_1st_Viscount_Blakenham" title="John Hare, 1st Viscount Blakenham">Blakenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_du_Cann" title="Edward du Cann">du Cann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Barber" title="Anthony Barber">Barber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thomas,_Baron_Thomas_of_Gwydir" title="Peter Thomas, Baron Thomas of Gwydir">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whitelaw" title="William Whitelaw">Whitelaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thorneycroft" title="Peter Thorneycroft">Thorneycroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Parkinson" title="Cecil Parkinson">Parkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gummer" title="John Gummer">Gummer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Tebbit" title="Norman Tebbit">Tebbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Brooke,_Baron_Brooke_of_Sutton_Mandeville" title="Peter Brooke, Baron Brooke of Sutton Mandeville">Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Baker,_Baron_Baker_of_Dorking" title="Kenneth Baker, Baron Baker of Dorking">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Patten" title="Chris Patten">Patten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Fowler,_Baron_Fowler" title="Norman Fowler, Baron Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hanley" title="Jeremy Hanley">Hanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Mawhinney" title="Brian Mawhinney">Mawhinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Parkinson" title="Cecil Parkinson">Parkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ancram" title="Michael Ancram">Ancram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(British_politician)" title="David Davis (British politician)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Fox" title="Liam Fox">Fox</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Saatchi,_Baron_Saatchi" title="Maurice Saatchi, Baron Saatchi">Saatchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Maude" title="Francis Maude">Maude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Spelman" title="Caroline Spelman">Spelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Pickles" title="Eric Pickles">Pickles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayeeda_Warsi,_Baroness_Warsi" title="Sayeeda Warsi, Baroness Warsi">Warsi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Feldman,_Baron_Feldman_of_Elstree" title="Andrew Feldman, Baron Feldman of Elstree">Feldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Shapps" title="Grant Shapps">Shapps</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Feldman,_Baron_Feldman_of_Elstree" title="Andrew Feldman, Baron Feldman of Elstree">Feldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Feldman,_Baron_Feldman_of_Elstree" title="Andrew Feldman, Baron Feldman of Elstree">Feldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_McLoughlin" title="Patrick McLoughlin">McLoughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Lewis" title="Brandon Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cleverly" title="James Cleverly">Cleverly</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Elliot" title="Ben Elliot">Elliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Milling" title="Amanda Milling">Milling</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Elliot" title="Ben Elliot">Elliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Dowden" title="Oliver Dowden">Dowden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Elliot" title="Ben Elliot">Elliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stephenson" title="Andrew Stephenson">Stephenson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Elliot" title="Ben Elliot">Elliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Berry" title="Jake Berry">Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadhim_Zahawi" title="Nadhim Zahawi">Zahawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Hands" title="Greg Hands">Hands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Holden_(British_politician)" title="Richard Holden (British politician)">Holden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fuller_(Conservative_politician)" title="Richard Fuller (Conservative politician)">Fuller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Maudling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whitelaw" title="William Whitelaw">Whitelaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lilley" title="Peter Lilley">Lilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ancram" title="Michael Ancram">Ancram</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><div id="Leadership_elections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership elections</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1965_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1965 Conservative Party leadership election">1965</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1975 Conservative Party leadership election">1975</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1989 Conservative Party leadership election">1989</a> <ul><li>Thatcher re-elected</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1990 Conservative Party leadership election">1990</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1995 Conservative Party leadership election">1995</a> <ul><li>Major re-elected</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1997 Conservative Party leadership election">1997</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">Hague</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2001 Conservative Party leadership election">2001</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Duncan_Smith" title="Iain Duncan Smith">Duncan Smith</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2003 Conservative Party leadership election">2003</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard" title="Michael Howard">Howard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2005 Conservative Party leadership election">2005</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">Cameron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2016 Conservative Party leadership election">2016</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">May</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2019 Conservative Party leadership election">2019</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Johnson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July%E2%80%93September_2022_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="July–September 2022 Conservative Party leadership election">July–September 2022</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Truss</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2022_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="October 2022 Conservative Party leadership election">October 2022</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Sunak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2024 Conservative Party leadership election">2024</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kemi_Badenoch" title="Kemi Badenoch">Badenoch</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><div id="Party_structure" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Party structure</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Professional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_Board" title="Conservative Party Board">Conservative Party Board</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Campaign_Headquarters" title="Conservative Campaign Headquarters">Conservative Campaign Headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Conservative_Party" title="Treasurer of the Conservative Party">Treasurer of the Conservative Party</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Research_Department" title="Conservative Research Department">Conservative Research Department</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Voluntary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservative_Convention" title="National Conservative Convention">National Conservative Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Parliamentary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1922_Committee" title="1922 Committee">1922 Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip_of_the_Conservative_Party" title="Chief Whip of the Conservative Party">Conservative Chief Whip's Office</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Conference</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_Conference_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party Conference (UK)">Conservative Party Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Subnational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Conservatives" title="Northern Ireland Conservatives">Northern Ireland Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Conservatives" title="Scottish Conservatives">Scottish Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Conservatives" title="Welsh Conservatives">Welsh Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Conservatives" title="Gibraltar Conservatives">Gibraltar Conservatives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Directly elected city mayoral authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Conservatives" title="London Conservatives">London Conservatives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Local</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Association" title="Conservative Association">Conservative Associations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_Review_(2016)" title="Conservative Party Review (2016)">Conservative Party Review (2016)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><div id="Associated_organisations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Associated organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">List</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organisations_associated_with_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="List of organisations associated with the Conservative Party (UK)">Organisations associated with the Conservative Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Sectional groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Women%27s_Organisation" title="Conservative Women's Organisation">Conservative Women's Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Conservatives_(UK)" title="Young Conservatives (UK)">Young Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatives_Abroad" title="Conservatives Abroad">Conservatives Abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%2B_Conservatives" title="LGBT+ Conservatives">LGBT+ Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Conservative_Clubs" title="Association of Conservative Clubs">Association of Conservative Clubs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Factional groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_group" title="2020 group">2020 group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activate_(organisation)" title="Activate (organisation)">Activate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic_Bridge" title="The Atlantic Bridge">The Atlantic Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Collar_Conservativism" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Collar Conservativism">Blue Collar Conservativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Sense_Group" title="Common Sense Group">Common Sense Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Animal_Welfare_Foundation" title="Conservative Animal Welfare Foundation">Conservative Animal Welfare Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Christian_Fellowship" title="Conservative Christian Fellowship">Conservative Christian Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Co-operative_Movement" title="Conservative Co-operative Movement">Conservative Co-operative Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Countryside_Forum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative Countryside Forum (page does not exist)">Conservative Countryside Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Disability_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative Disability Group (page does not exist)">Conservative Disability Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_European_Forum" title="Conservative European Forum">Conservative European Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Friends_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Friends of America">Conservative Friends of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Friends_of_the_Chinese" title="Conservative Friends of the Chinese">Conservative Friends of the Chinese</a></li> <li>Conservative Friends of Gibraltar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Friends_of_India" title="Conservative Friends of India">Conservative Friends of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Friends_of_Israel" title="Conservative Friends of Israel">Conservative Friends of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Friends_of_Palestine" title="Conservative Friends of Palestine">Conservative Friends of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Friends_of_Turkey" title="Conservative Friends of Turkey">Conservative Friends of Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_History_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative History Group (page does not exist)">Conservative History Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Humanist_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative Humanist Association (page does not exist)">Conservative Humanist Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Mainstream" title="Conservative Mainstream">Conservative Mainstream</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative Health (page does not exist)">Conservative Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Muslim_Forum" title="Conservative Muslim Forum">Conservative Muslim Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Education_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative Education Society (page does not exist)">Conservative Education Society</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_National_Property_Advisory_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative National Property Advisory Committee (page does not exist)">Conservative National Property Advisory Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Rural_Affairs_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative Rural Affairs Group (page does not exist)">Conservative Rural Affairs Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Science_%26_Technology_Forum" title="Conservative Science & Technology Forum">Conservative Science & Technology Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatives_at_Work" title="Conservatives at Work">Conservative Trade Unionists</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Transport_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative Transport Group (page does not exist)">Conservative Transport Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Way_Forward" title="Conservative Way Forward">Conservative Way Forward</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Women_National_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative Women National Committee (page does not exist)">Conservative Women National Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Workers_%26_Trade_Unionists" title="Conservative Workers & Trade Unionists">Conservative Workers & Trade Unionists</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatives_4_Cities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservatives 4 Cities (page does not exist)">Conservatives 4 Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatives_Against_Fox_Hunting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservatives Against Fox Hunting (page does not exist)">Conservatives Against Fox Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatives_at_Work" title="Conservatives at Work">Conservatives at Work</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatives_for_International_Travel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservatives for International Travel (page does not exist)">Conservatives for International Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_Group" title="Cornerstone Group">Cornerstone Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID_Recovery_Group" title="COVID Recovery Group">COVID Recovery Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Foundation_(think_tank)" title="European Foundation (think tank)">European Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Research_Group" title="European Research Group">European Research Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresh_Start_(politics)" title="Fresh Start (politics)">Fresh Start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Thatcher Foundation">Margaret Thatcher Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Monday_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Monday Club">Monday Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/92_Group" title="92 Group">92 Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Campaign_(UK)" title="No Campaign (UK)">No Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Turning_Back_(political_group)" title="No Turning Back (political group)">No Turning Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Research_Group" title="Northern Research Group">Northern Research Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Nation_Conservatives_(caucus)" title="One Nation Conservatives (caucus)">One Nation Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Conservatism" title="Popular Conservatism">Popular Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewing_One_Nation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renewing One Nation (page does not exist)">Renewing One Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selsdon_Group" title="Selsdon Group">Selsdon Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tory_Green_Initiative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tory Green Initiative (page does not exist)">Tory Green Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tory_Reform_Group" title="Tory Reform Group">Tory Reform Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Britons%27_Foundation" title="Young Britons' Foundation">Young Britons' Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Families_(Conservative_Party)" title="Five Families (Conservative Party)">Five Families</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Politicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Conservative_Party_MPs_(UK)" title="List of Conservative Party MPs (UK)">List of MPs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_Conservative_MPs_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="List of United Kingdom Conservative MPs (2005–2010)">2005–2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_Conservative_MPs_(2010%E2%80%932015)" title="List of United Kingdom Conservative MPs (2010–2015)">2010–2015</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Conservative_Party_MPs_in_London" title="List of Conservative Party MPs in London">London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><div id="Think_tanks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Think tanks</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bow_Group" title="Bow Group">Bow Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright_Blue_(organisation)" title="Bright Blue (organisation)">Bright Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruges_Group_(United_Kingdom)" title="Bruges Group (United Kingdom)">Bruges Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Policy_Studies" title="Centre for Policy Studies">Centre for Policy Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Social_Justice" title="Centre for Social Justice">Centre for Social Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Foundation_(think_tank)" title="European Foundation (think tank)">European Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onward_(think_tank)" title="Onward (think tank)">Onward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy_Exchange" title="Policy Exchange">Policy Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Conservative_Lawyers" title="Society of Conservative Lawyers">Society of Conservative Lawyers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;"><div id="Party_alliances" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Party alliances</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>List of current alliances </li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Party" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Party">European Conservatives and Reformists Party</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Democrat_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="International Democrat Union">International Democrat Union</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_Democrat_Union" title="European Democrat Union">European Democrat Union</a>) </li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_Group_and_Democratic_Alliance" title="European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance">European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#0087DC;color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>List of former alliances </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative%E2%80%93DUP_agreement" title="Conservative–DUP agreement">Conservative–DUP agreement</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group">European People's Party Group</a>) </li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives" title="European Conservatives">European Conservative Group</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">European Conservatives and Reformists Group</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Democrats" title="European Democrats">European Democrats</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_European_Reform" title="Movement for European Reform">Movement for European Reform</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_an_Open_Europe" title="Alliance for an Open Europe">Alliance for an Open Europe</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Conservatives_and_Unionists" title="Ulster Conservatives and Unionists">Ulster Conservatives and Unionists</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#0087DC;color:white;;background:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000;"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a> <img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Opposition_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_UK" title="Template:Leaders of the Opposition UK"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_UK" title="Template talk:Leaders of the Opposition UK"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_UK" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders of the Opposition UK"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_Opposition_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(United_Kingdom)" title="Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)">Leaders of the Opposition of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Howick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ponsonby" title="George Ponsonby">Ponsonby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tierney" title="George Tierney">Tierney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_3rd_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer">Althorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_George_Bentinck" title="Lord George Bentinck">Bentinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manners,_6th_Duke_of_Rutland" title="Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland">Granby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manners,_6th_Duke_of_Rutland" title="Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland">Granby</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Herries" title="John Charles Herries">Herries</a>/<a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Cavendish,_8th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire">Hartington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Northcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Campbell-Bannerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Law</a></li> <li>Vacant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Maclean_(British_politician)" title="Donald Maclean (British politician)">Maclean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Lees-Smith" title="Hastings Lees-Smith">Lees-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Pethick-Lawrence,_1st_Baron_Pethick-Lawrence" title="Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence">Pethick-Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock">Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Duncan_Smith" title="Iain Duncan Smith">Duncan Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard" title="Michael Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Sunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemi_Badenoch" title="Kemi Badenoch">Badenoch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">3rd Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">3rd Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">3rd Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">3rd Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby (Stanley)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harris,_3rd_Earl_of_Malmesbury" title="James Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury">Malmesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Cairns,_1st_Earl_Cairns" title="Hugh Cairns, 1st Earl Cairns">Cairns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gordon-Lennox,_6th_Duke_of_Richmond" title="Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Beaconsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">3rd Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">3rd Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">Kimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">3rd Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">Kimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_5th_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon" title="George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">5th Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Crewe-Milnes,_1st_Marquess_of_Crewe" title="Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe">Crewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Curzon of Kedleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Haldane,_1st_Viscount_Haldane" title="Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane">Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cripps,_1st_Baron_Parmoor" title="Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor">Parmoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Gascoyne-Cecil,_4th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury">4th Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hogg,_1st_Viscount_Hailsham" title="Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham">Hailsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cripps,_1st_Baron_Parmoor" title="Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor">Parmoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede" title="Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede">Ponsonby of Shulbrede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Snell,_1st_Baron_Snell" title="Harry Snell, 1st Baron Snell">Snell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Addison,_1st_Viscount_Addison" title="Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_5th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury">5th Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Addison,_1st_Viscount_Addison" title="Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jowitt,_1st_Earl_Jowitt" title="William Jowitt, 1st Earl Jowitt">Jowitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._V._Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Hillsborough" title="A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough">Alexander of Hillsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Shackleton,_Baron_Shackleton" title="Edward Shackleton, Baron Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Peart,_Baron_Peart" title="Fred Peart, Baron Peart">Peart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledwyn_Hughes,_Baron_Cledwyn_of_Penrhos" title="Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos">Cledwyn of Penrhos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Richard" title="Ivor Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_7th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury">Cranborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Galbraith,_2nd_Baron_Strathclyde" title="Thomas Galbraith, 2nd Baron Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Royall,_Baroness_Royall_of_Blaisdon" title="Janet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon">Royall of Blaisdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Smith,_Baroness_Smith_of_Basildon" title="Angela Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon">Smith of Basildon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_True,_Baron_True" title="Nicholas True, Baron True">True</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166663#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166663#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166663#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000082228332">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/40160275">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/147604/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgRTpTmkYY47bYJPtcMfq">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117607738">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85015032">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb135371888">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb135371888">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35503945">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=skuk0000771&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071864539">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007280017605171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/977046">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd117607738.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/080834515">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10569528">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w61r76s5">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&oldid=1257819516">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&oldid=1257819516</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bonar_Law" title="Category:Bonar Law">Bonar Law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1858_births" title="Category:1858 births">1858 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1923_deaths" title="Category:1923 deaths">1923 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:20th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom">20th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_chess_players" title="Category:British chess players">British chess players</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_MPs_who_died_in_office" title="Category:British MPs who died in office">British MPs who died in office</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_Presbyterians" title="Category:British Presbyterians">British Presbyterians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_emigrants_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Canadian emigrants to the United Kingdom">Canadian emigrants to the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom">Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scottish_Tory_MPs_(pre-1912)" title="Category:Scottish Tory MPs (pre-1912)">Scottish Tory MPs (pre-1912)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unionist_Party_(Scotland)_MPs" title="Category:Unionist Party (Scotland) MPs">Unionist Party (Scotland) MPs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_esophageal_cancer_in_England" title="Category:Deaths from esophageal cancer in England">Deaths from esophageal cancer in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_the_High_School_of_Glasgow" title="Category:People educated at the High School of Glasgow">People educated at the High School of Glasgow</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leaders_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Category:Leaders of the Conservative Party (UK)">Leaders of the Conservative Party (UK)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leaders_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Leaders of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom">Leaders of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lords_Privy_Seal" title="Category:Lords Privy Seal">Lords Privy Seal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conservative_Party_(UK)_MPs_for_English_constituencies" title="Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies">Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_for_Glasgow_constituencies" title="Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Glasgow constituencies">Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Glasgow constituencies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Kent_County,_New_Brunswick" title="Category:People from Kent County, New Brunswick">People from Kent County, New Brunswick</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Helensburgh" title="Category:People from Helensburgh">People from Helensburgh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_the_London_Borough_of_Southwark" title="Category:Politics of the London Borough of Southwark">Politics of the London Borough of Southwark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rectors_of_the_University_of_Glasgow" title="Category:Rectors of the University of Glasgow">Rectors of the University of Glasgow</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1900%E2%80%931906" title="Category:UK MPs 1900–1906">UK MPs 1900–1906</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1906%E2%80%931910" title="Category:UK MPs 1906–1910">UK MPs 1906–1910</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1910" title="Category:UK MPs 1910">UK MPs 1910</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1910%E2%80%931918" title="Category:UK MPs 1910–1918">UK MPs 1910–1918</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1918%E2%80%931922" title="Category:UK MPs 1918–1922">UK MPs 1918–1922</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1922%E2%80%931923" title="Category:UK MPs 1922–1923">UK MPs 1922–1923</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conservative_Party_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Conservative Party prime ministers of the United Kingdom">Conservative Party prime ministers of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_members_of_the_Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Canadian members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Canadian members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_people_of_Scottish_descent" title="Category:Canadian people of Scottish descent">Canadian people of Scottish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_people_of_Ulster-Scottish_descent" title="Category:Canadian people of Ulster-Scottish descent">Canadian people of Ulster-Scottish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Secretaries_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Category:Secretaries of State for the Colonies">Secretaries of State for the Colonies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Parliamentary_Secretaries_to_the_Board_of_Trade" title="Category:Parliamentary Secretaries to the Board of Trade">Parliamentary Secretaries to the Board of Trade</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_at_Westminster_Abbey" title="Category:Burials at Westminster Abbey">Burials at Westminster Abbey</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_May_2019" title="Category:EngvarB from May 2019">EngvarB from May 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2024">Use dmy dates from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2017" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_July_2022" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2022">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_March_2016" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2016">Articles needing additional references from March 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2016" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_wikidata_namespace_mismatch" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch">Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_default_search" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with default search">Pages using Sister project links with default search</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 November 2024, at 20:13 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bonar_Law&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-tsqzr","wgBackendResponseTime":175,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.372","walltime":"2.733","ppvisitednodes":{"value":41896,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":597313,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":192381,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":24,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":15,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":252177,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2305.738 1 -total"," 36.93% 851.611 2 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 20.94% 482.826 34 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 9.94% 229.180 1 Template:Navboxes"," 8.44% 194.674 100 Template:Main_other"," 7.50% 172.979 39 Template:Sfn"," 6.88% 158.547 12 Template:Navbox"," 5.32% 122.623 15 Template:S-bef"," 4.69% 108.044 3 Template:Cite_web"," 4.67% 107.590 1 Template:Reflist"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.091","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":14200364,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAdams1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBall2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeaverbrook1963\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBirkenhead1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBonar_Law1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEccleshall1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEnsor1936\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKendle1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaybourn2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMackintosh1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalcolm1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMowat1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPugh1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaymond2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSforza1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurner1988\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"Bonar Law\"] = 1,\n [\"Bonar Law Ministry\"] = 1,\n [\"British Chancellors of the Exchequer\"] = 1,\n [\"CURRENTYEAR\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 16,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite newspaper The Times\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 1,\n [\"Collapsed infobox section begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Collapsed infobox section end\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Law, Bonar\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"EngvarB\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:{{Inflation\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 2,\n [\"Hansard-contribs\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 8,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 2,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation-fn\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox officeholder\"] = 2,\n [\"Leader of the House of Commons\"] = 1,\n [\"Leaders of the Opposition UK\"] = 1,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 1,\n [\"More citations needed section\"] = 1,\n [\"NPG name\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Note\"] = 2,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 3,\n [\"Ref label\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflabel\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aca\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 13,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 15,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-off\"] = 1,\n [\"S-par\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ppo\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 16,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 39,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"UK Conservative Party\"] = 1,\n [\"UK National Archives ID\"] = 1,\n [\"UKPrimeMinisters\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","480","32.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","360","24.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","140","9.6"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","140","9.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","80","5.5"],["citation0 \u003CModule:Citation/CS1:2614\u003E","40","2.7"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","40","2.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","40","2.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","40","2.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::entityExists","20","1.4"],["[others]","80","5.5"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-688fc9465-ltt9s","timestamp":"20241125180255","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Bonar Law","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bonar_Law","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q166663","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q166663","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-04-29T03:57:25Z","dateModified":"2024-11-16T20:13:21Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e7\/A._Bonar_Law_LCCN2014715818_%28cropped%29.jpg","headline":"former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1858-1923)"}</script> </body> </html>