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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Pierre Sidos</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_Sidos_in_1976.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7a/Pierre_Sidos_in_1976.jpg/220px-Pierre_Sidos_in_1976.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7a/Pierre_Sidos_in_1976.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="311" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Pierre Sidos in 1976</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1927-01-06</span>)</span>6 January 1927<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-d%27Ol%C3%A9ron" title="Saint-Pierre-d'Oléron">Saint-Pierre-d'Oléron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">4 September 2020<span style="display:none">(2020-09-04)</span> (aged 93)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Bayeux" title="Bayeux">Bayeux</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_Franciste" title="Mouvement Franciste">Mouvement Franciste</a> (1943–45)<br /><a href="/wiki/Jeune_Nation" title="Jeune Nation">Jeune Nation</a> (1949–58)<br />Parti Nationaliste (1958–59)<br /><a href="/wiki/Occident_(movement)" title="Occident (movement)">Occident</a> (1964–65)<br /><a href="/wiki/L%27%C5%92uvre_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="L'Œuvre Française">L'Œuvre Française</a> (1968–2013)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">François Sidos<br /><span class="nowrap">Louise Rocchi</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pierre Sidos</b> (6 January 1927 – 4 September 2020) was a French <a href="/wiki/Far_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far right">far right</a> <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">neo-Pétainist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a> activist. One of the main figures of post-<a href="/wiki/WWII" class="mw-redirect" title="WWII">WWII</a> <a href="/wiki/French_nationalism" title="French nationalism">nationalism in France</a>, Sidos was the founder and leader of the nationalist organizations <a href="/wiki/Jeune_Nation" title="Jeune Nation">Jeune Nation</a> (1949–1958) and <a href="/wiki/L%27%C5%92uvre_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="L'Œuvre Française">L'Œuvre Française</a> (1968–2013). </p><p>Sidos was convicted in 1946 of joining the fascist <a href="/wiki/Mouvement_Franciste" title="Mouvement Franciste">Mouvement Franciste</a> at 16 years old in the midst of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">WWII</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">Nazi occupation of France</a>. After spending two years of internment in <a href="/wiki/Natzweiler-Struthof" class="mw-redirect" title="Natzweiler-Struthof">Natzweiler-Struthof</a>, he founded in 1949 Jeune Nation, the most prominent French neo-fascist movement of the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields200794_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShields200794-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Famous for its insurrectional violence during the <a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian war</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier201742–43_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGautier201742–43-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the organization was dissolved by official decree in 1958. </p><p>Convicted a second time in 1963 of "recreating a disbanded league" and "compromising State security", Sidos founded <a href="/wiki/Occident_(movement)" title="Occident (movement)">Occident</a> the following year, but soon broke with the group. He eventually established another <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichyist</a> movement in 1968, L'Œuvre Française, of which he was the leader until he stepped down in 2012. The movement was banned a year later, making it the fourth association founded by Sidos to be dissolved by the French authorities, and the fifth he had been part of, in a 70-year period of political activism. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_WWII">Early life and WWII</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Sidos&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and WWII"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family:_1927–1938"><span id="Family:_1927.E2.80.931938"></span>Family: 1927–1938</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Sidos&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family: 1927–1938"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pierre Sidos was born on 6 January 1927 in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-d%27Ol%C3%A9ron" title="Saint-Pierre-d'Oléron">Saint-Pierre-d'Oléron</a>, the son of François Sidos (1891–1946) and Louise Rocchi.<sup id="cite_ref-Registre_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Registre-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He grew up in a familial background strongly tainted with nationalism and far-right ideologies.<sup id="cite_ref-Charpier_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charpier-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a child, he had fun recreating the <a href="/wiki/March_on_Rome" title="March on Rome">March on Rome</a> in the family house staircase<sup id="cite_ref-Charpier_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charpier-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with his brother Jean, later <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">killed in action</a> by the German forces in 1940. Pierre Sidos has asserted that the death of his brother was the event that made him swing into political action.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoucet2013_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoucet2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His father, a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_France" title="Catholic Church in France">Catholic</a> and anti-republican right-winger, had been a member of the <a href="/wiki/Jeunesses_Patriotes" title="Jeunesses Patriotes">Jeunesses Patriotes</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Far-right_league" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right league">far-right league</a> dissolved in 1936. Born in <a href="/wiki/Mouza%C3%AFa_District" title="Mouzaïa District">Mouzaïaville</a> (then in <a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">French Algeria</a>) and serving in the <a href="/wiki/Troupes_coloniales" title="Troupes coloniales">colonial army</a>, he had traveled across the <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French empire</a> where he met his wife Louise.<sup id="cite_ref-Registre_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Registre-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> hero, François Sidos eventually collaborated with the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy regime</a> during WWII.<sup id="cite_ref-Charpier_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charpier-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother Louise was of <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsican</a> descent and his grandfather, Jean Rocchi, a fervent <a href="/wiki/Bonapartism" title="Bonapartism">Bonapartist</a> and friend of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Taittinger" title="Pierre Taittinger">Pierre Taittinger</a>, future leader of the Jeunesses Patriotes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoucet2013_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoucet2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collaboration_and_internment:_1939–1948"><span id="Collaboration_and_internment:_1939.E2.80.931948"></span>Collaboration and internment: 1939–1948</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Sidos&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Collaboration and internment: 1939–1948"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francistes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Francistes.jpg/220px-Francistes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Francistes.jpg/330px-Francistes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Francistes.jpg/440px-Francistes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1078" data-file-height="775" /></a><figcaption>Pierre Sidos joined in 1943 the youth movement of the <a href="/wiki/Mouvement_Franciste" title="Mouvement Franciste">Parti Franciste</a>. (1934)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1943, then 16 years old (the minimum required age), Pierre Sidos joined the youth movement of the <a href="/wiki/Mouvement_Franciste" title="Mouvement Franciste">Parti Franciste</a>, one of the main <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">collaborationist</a> movements under the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy regime</a>. In January 1946, he was tried by a court in <a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a>—along with his father, mother and his brother Jacques—convicted and received a 5-year jail sentence for his membership in the Parti Franciste. The conviction was reduced as Sidos was still a minor at the time of the events. His father François was sentenced to <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">death</a>, guilty of unlawful arrests of <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">resisters</a> organized with the <a href="/wiki/Milice" title="Milice">Milice</a>, and of his participation in the armed conflict with the Nazi forces against the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>. Before his execution on 28 March 1946, François wrote a letter to his sons, urging them to avenge his "unjust death".<sup id="cite_ref-Charpier_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charpier-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His brother Jacques was sentenced to 10 years in jail for his past in the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy</a> intelligence services, his mother released with all charges dropped, and Pierre was sent in autumn 1946 to the <a href="/wiki/Natzweiler-Struthof" class="mw-redirect" title="Natzweiler-Struthof">Natzweiler-Struthof</a> concentration camp in <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>. The place, originally built by the Nazis in 1941, had been recently transformed by the French authorities to include elementary needs, such as central heating or electric lighting. The inmates—most of them former Nazi-collaborators—could even organize free-fights, running competitions or put on a play.<sup id="cite_ref-Charpier_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charpier-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While serving his sentence, Pierre Sidos spent most of his time reading and running. He met Marcel Bibé, a former <a href="/wiki/Bezen_Perrot" title="Bezen Perrot">Bezen Perrot</a> militant who initiated him in Celtic <a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">esoterism</a>. Sidos then began to write about <a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">druidism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_cross" title="Celtic cross">Celtic Cross</a>, which he described in his prison notes as the allegory of the "walking sun and universal life", a symbol he would later use in all the organizations he created: <a href="/wiki/Jeune_Nation" title="Jeune Nation">Jeune Nation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occident_(movement)" title="Occident (movement)">Occident</a> and <a href="/wiki/L%27%C5%92uvre_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="L'Œuvre Française">L'Œuvre Française</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Charpier_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charpier-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1948, the French authorities made an offer to the inmates: their release against an enlistment in the <a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">Indochina War</a>. Sidos refused the proposition, while hundreds of former Nazi collaborators were sent to fight within the French army in southeast Asia, diffusing <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> songs they had learnt during their internment in Natzweiler-Struthof.<sup id="cite_ref-Charpier_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charpier-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jeune_Nation">Jeune Nation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Sidos&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Jeune Nation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jeune_Nation" title="Jeune Nation">Jeune Nation</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leader:_1949–1958"><span id="Leader:_1949.E2.80.931958"></span>Leader: 1949–1958</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Sidos&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Leader: 1949–1958"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sidos nonetheless benefited from an early release on 4 August 1948. He quickly found a job and contacted another of his brothers, François. The latter, unlike most of the family, had joined the <a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free French Forces</a> in 1942 and participated in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Operation Dragoon</a> along with the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> in the summer of 1944. They were joined by their brother Jacques following his own release, and together they prepared the ground for the creation of <a href="/wiki/Jeune_Nation" title="Jeune Nation">Jeune Nation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Charpier_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charpier-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Celtic-style_crossed_circle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Celtic cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Celtic-style_crossed_circle.svg/178px-Celtic-style_crossed_circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="178" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Celtic-style_crossed_circle.svg/267px-Celtic-style_crossed_circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Celtic-style_crossed_circle.svg/356px-Celtic-style_crossed_circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Celtic_cross" title="Celtic cross">Celtic Cross</a>, symbol of all the movements Sidos founded from <a href="/wiki/Jeune_Nation" title="Jeune Nation">Jeune Nation</a> (1949-58) to <a href="/wiki/L%27%C5%92uvre_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="L'Œuvre Française">L'Œuvre Française</a> (1968-2013).</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1949, the final structure of the organization had been designed and the group ready to be launched, but the Sidos brothers lacked money as far-right financial sponsors were not abundant in the immediate post-war. Pierre Sidos then decided to reach out to Jeanne Pajot, the wife of a rich industrialist. A <a href="/wiki/Bonapartism" title="Bonapartism">Bonapartist</a> and friend of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Taittinger" title="Pierre Taittinger">Pierre Taittinger</a> like his grandfather, she agreed to fund them and "La Jeune Nation"—as it was initially called—held its first presentation on 22 October 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-Charpier_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charpier-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Publicly unknown for several years, the movement experienced a sudden fame and a rise in membership after the return of military personnel from south-east Asia following the end of the <a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a> on 20 July 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier201740–41_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGautier201740–41-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Labeling themselves the "successors of <a href="/wiki/6_February_1934_crisis" title="6 February 1934 crisis">those of 1934</a>" and targeting young people in their recruitment,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier201740–41_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGautier201740–41-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jeune Nation was joined in 1956 by <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Venner" title="Dominique Venner">Dominique Venner</a>, then 21, who would later oppose Sidos and mark a shift between his <a href="/wiki/Pan-European_nationalism" title="Pan-European nationalism">euro-nationalist</a> doctrine and the "nostalgic <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">neo-Petainists</a> of Pierre Sidos."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaguieffTarneroBadinter198330–33_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaguieffTarneroBadinter198330–33-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although they were largely inspired by the ideologies of <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy_(1922%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist Italy (1922–1943)">fascist Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier201746–47_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGautier201746–47-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jeune Nation began to break with the <a href="/wiki/Collaborationism" class="mw-redirect" title="Collaborationism">collaborationist</a> circles that had been protecting them since Sidos' prison time. As <a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullists</a> and former resisters were joining their ranks during the <a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian war</a>, Sidos furthermore banned any evocation of the period 1933–1945 among its militants, with only a few events like the commemorations of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brasillach" title="Robert Brasillach">Robert Brasillach</a> or <a href="/wiki/6_February_1934_crisis" title="6 February 1934 crisis">6 February 1934</a> allowed to take place.<sup id="cite_ref-Charpier_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charpier-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The group was particularly known for their violent street attacks, especially on communists. On 9–10 October 1954, a commando raid led by Sidos <a href="/wiki/Carjacking" title="Carjacking">carjacked</a> a van transporting issues of the communist newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/L%E2%80%99Humanit%C3%A9_Dimanche" class="mw-redirect" title="L’Humanité Dimanche">L’Humanité Dimanche</a></i>, then destroyed them and assaulted the driver who died a few months later as a result of his injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier201742–43_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGautier201742–43-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jeune Nation was dissolved on 15 May 1958 by an official decree of <a href="/wiki/Jules_Moch" title="Jules Moch">Jules Moch</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Interior_minister" title="Interior minister">Minister of the Interior</a>, two days after the putsch of Algiers and the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/May_1958_crisis_in_France" title="May 1958 crisis in France">May 1958 crisis</a>. The group had been suspected of a bomb attack that occurred on 6 February 1958 in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(French_Fourth_Republic)" title="National Assembly (French Fourth Republic)">National Assembly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaguieffTarneroBadinter198330–33_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaguieffTarneroBadinter198330–33-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields200794_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShields200794-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Escape_and_arrest:_1959–1962"><span id="Escape_and_arrest:_1959.E2.80.931962"></span>Escape and arrest: 1959–1962</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Sidos&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Escape and arrest: 1959–1962"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The association was regardless declared again under a new name to the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Police_Prefecture" title="Paris Police Prefecture">prefecture of police</a> on 7 October 1958, and officially recreated by Pierre Sidos and <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Venner" title="Dominique Venner">Dominique Venner</a> during a congress on 6–8 February 1959 as "Parti Nationaliste".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier201748–49_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGautier201748–49-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new organization was dissolved only four days later, on 12 February 1959, and an arrest warrant was issued on 24 January 1960 for "recreating a disbanded league" and "compromising State security".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDard2000140_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDard2000140-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From January 1960, Sidos lived in clandestinity in a house of <a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly</a>, in the western suburbs of Paris. He stayed in contact with putschist generals and pro-colonial politicians like <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Jean-Marie Le Pen</a>, and was eventually arrested on 13 July 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDard2000140_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDard2000140-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTED'Appollonia1998291_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTED'Appollonia1998291-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sidos was released on 19 June 1963 following his trial, and sentenced to a suspended 3-year jail sentence and a 2,000 <a href="/wiki/French_franc" title="French franc">Franc</a> fine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDard2000140_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDard2000140-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="L'Œuvre_Française"><span id="L.27.C5.92uvre_Fran.C3.A7aise"></span>L'Œuvre Française</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Sidos&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: L'Œuvre Française"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/L%27%C5%92uvre_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="L'Œuvre Française">L'Œuvre Française</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transition:_1963–1967"><span id="Transition:_1963.E2.80.931967"></span>Transition: 1963–1967</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Sidos&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Transition: 1963–1967"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jeune Nation was regenerated by young former members of the movement after the launch of the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Nationalist_Students" title="Federation of Nationalist Students">Federation of Nationalist Students</a> (FEN) in 1960. Sidos initially supported the project but eventually dismissed the influence of <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Venner" title="Dominique Venner">Dominique Venner</a> on the association, as well as their <a href="/wiki/Modern_Paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Paganism">neo-pagan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pan-European_nationalism" title="Pan-European nationalism">euro-nationalist</a> leanings. Together with other activists opposed to the FEN, Sidos decided to found <a href="/wiki/Occident_(movement)" title="Occident (movement)">Occident</a> in 1964. During the presidential campaign of far-right candidate <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Tixier-Vignancour" title="Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour">Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour</a>, Occident was largely involved in the grassroots movement Comité Jeunes ("Youth Committee"), which quickly attracted several hundred members. Following a dispute between Sidos and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Jean-Marie Le Pen</a>, then Tixier-Vignancour's campaign director, Sidos' group was replaced with <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Venner" title="Dominique Venner">Dominique Venner</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Europe-Action" title="Europe-Action">Europe-Action</a></i> Volunteers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007126_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShields2007126-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sidos eventually broke with Occident in 1965–1966.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlgazy198451_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlgazy198451-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1966, he created with André Cantelaube the magazine <i>Le Soleil</i> ("The Sun"), which later became the official organ of <a href="/wiki/L%27%C5%92uvre_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="L'Œuvre Française">L'Œuvre Française</a> from 1968 until it was banned from publicity and sales to minors in 1990 following the <a href="/wiki/Gayssot_Act" title="Gayssot Act">Gayssot Act</a>, then replaced by a resurrected <i>Jeune Nation</i> in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sidos was labeled the "bard of antisemitism" by historian <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Milza" title="Pierre Milza">Pierre Milza</a>, and <i>Le Soleil</i> defended a form of anti-capitalist nationalism that denounced the role of Jews in finance, politics and the industries, as well as the "threat" represented by the state of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> in geopolitics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier2017_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGautier2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leader:_1968–2012"><span id="Leader:_1968.E2.80.932012"></span>Leader: 1968–2012</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Sidos&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Leader: 1968–2012"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sidos set up <a href="/wiki/L%27%C5%92uvre_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="L'Œuvre Française">L'Œuvre Française</a> in 1968 and declared himself "<i>presidor</i> for life" (French: <i>présideur</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of <i>président</i> and <i>dictateur</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier2017398_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGautier2017398-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Closer to <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Francoist Spain</a> and the Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Estado Novo</a> than fascist regimes, L'Œuvre Française was <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">neo-Pétainist</a> and nationalist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELebourg2014_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELebourg2014-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sidos then seemed to endorse a blend of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Catholicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pan-European_nationalism" title="Pan-European nationalism">pan-European nationalism</a> and anti-Semitism, with some <a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a> influence, as his ideology of choice.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Designed as a <a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">cult of personality</a>, the organization was labeled a sect or "Church of Sidology" by critics even at the far right,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier2017409–411_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGautier2017409–411-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while its adherents highlighted the discipline and determination allowed by their organizational style.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoucet2013_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoucet2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He attempted to run in the <a href="/wiki/1969_French_presidential_election" title="1969 French presidential election">1969 French presidential election</a> on this platform, seeking to stand as a nationalist and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Zionist">anti-Zionist</a> candidate,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007158_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShields2007158-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but his candidacy was rejected by the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Council_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Council of France">Constitutional Council</a> on a technical basis. It has been argued that there was a fear any judgement in Sidos' favour would have been considered a vindication of his collaborationist background in wider society.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlgazy198476_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlgazy198476-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Le Soleil</i>, organ of L'Œuvre Française, dismissed the Jewish origin of some members in the council, namely <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Palewski" title="Gaston Palewski">Gaston Palewski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin" title="René Cassin">René Cassin</a>, as the reason for their refusal.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier2017_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGautier2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1973, Sidos was the only candidate for L'Œuvre in the <a href="/wiki/1973_French_legislative_election" title="1973 French legislative election">legislative election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier2017_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGautier2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sidos was said to have met <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">António Salazar</a> for a short encounter in the 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Faisal of Saudi Arabia">king Faisal</a> of Saudi Arabia for a one-hour meeting on 28 April 1971 in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Juan_Per%C3%B3n" title="Juan Perón">Juan Perón</a> on 22 October of the following year in Madrid, and former SS colonel <a href="/wiki/Otto_Skorzeny" title="Otto Skorzeny">Otto Skorzeny</a> in the same city. According to Sidos, Perón declared to him that "Paris [had] been the world capital of subversion since 1789."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoucet2013_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoucet2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1980s he had come to moderate his own position and sought to build a wider alliance with other fringe right-wing movements, including <a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_France" title="Monarchism in France">monarchists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Integrism" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrism">integrists</a> and the supporters of <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lefebvre" title="Marcel Lefebvre">Marcel Lefebvre</a>. To this end he joined <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Brigneau" title="François Brigneau">François Brigneau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pujo" title="Pierre Pujo">Pierre Pujo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Madiran" title="Jean Madiran">Jean Madiran</a> in a commemoration service for the tenth anniversary of the occupation of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet" title="Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet">Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_St._Pius_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of St. Pius X">Society of St. Pius X</a> in 1987. Sidos subsequently sought co-operation with the <a href="/wiki/National_Rally_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rally (France)">Front National</a> (FN) although at other times he would dismiss the party as too moderate.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1996, he announced the rallying of L'Œuvre to the party, despite the opposition of his right hand man <a href="/wiki/Yvan_Benedetti" title="Yvan Benedetti">Yvan Benedetti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier2017409–411_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGautier2017409–411-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After negotiations with Sidos, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Jean-Marie Le Pen</a> eventually allowed some <a href="/wiki/L%27%C5%92uvre_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="L'Œuvre Française">L'Œuvre</a> militants to integrate the FN in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party however later tightened its policy regarding the association, <a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a> denouncing an "operation of <a href="/wiki/Entryism" title="Entryism">entryism</a>" to facilitate the seizure of power by her rival <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Gollnisch" title="Bruno Gollnisch">Bruno Gollnisch</a> in the FN.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following Jean-Marie Le Pen's departure from the leadership in 2011, replaced by his daughter Marine, Sidos severed all ties with the party, telling far-right newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Rivarol_(magazine)" title="Rivarol (magazine)">Rivarol</a></i> that he did not feel a woman should have such an important position.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, at 85, he left the presidency of L'Œuvre Française, succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Yvan_Benedetti" title="Yvan Benedetti">Yvan Benedetti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Late_life:_2013–2020"><span id="Late_life:_2013.E2.80.932020"></span>Late life: 2013–2020</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Sidos&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Late life: 2013–2020"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013, the association he had founded 45 years earlier was dissolved by the authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Valls" title="Manuel Valls">Manuel Valls</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Interior_minister" title="Interior minister">Minister of the Interior</a>, denounced L'Œuvre Française as a group "spreading a xenophobic and antisemitic ideology, diffusing racist and <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">Holocaust</a>-denying thesis, exalting <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">collaboration</a> [with the Nazis] and the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy regime</a>, paying regular tribute to <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brasillach" title="Robert Brasillach">Brasillach</a> or <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-:72_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adding that the movement was "organized like a private militia in paramilitary-like training camps."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 28 November 2013, the association <i>Les Amis de Pierre Sidos</i> ("The Friends of Pierre Sidos") was created to "make the works of patriot Pierre Sidos and that of his family known".<sup id="cite_ref-:13_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He died in <a href="/wiki/Bayeux" title="Bayeux">Bayeux</a> hospital on 4 September 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Sidos&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 6 February 1990, he was invited on the TV talk-show <i><a href="/wiki/Ciel,_mon_mardi_!" title="Ciel, mon mardi !">Ciel, mon mardi !</a></i>. To the question "are you an anti-Semite?" he famously answered: "no more no less than <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Saint-Louis</a>", in reference to the king of France who forced Jews to wear a distinctive roundel and banned mixed marriages. Sidos further precised in 2013 that "Saint-Louis had a religious hostility but was the godfather of many Jews that converted [to Christianity]."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoucet2013_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoucet2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sidos was also fervently <a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">anti-Zionist</a>, denouncing Israel as the "avowed metropolis of an invisible and harmful empire […] with dominant aims."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier2017_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGautier2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2013 interview, he described <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> as the "German <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoléon</a>" and <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> as "the last of the <a href="/wiki/Caesar_(title)" title="Caesar (title)">Caesars</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoucet2013_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoucet2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Sidos&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShields200794-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields200794_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields200794_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShields2007">Shields 2007</a>, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGautier201742–43-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier201742–43_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier201742–43_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGautier2017">Gautier 2017</a>, pp. 42–43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Registre-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Registre_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Registre_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Registres de Mouzaïaville Naissances de 1891 folio n°17/25" & "Archives départementales de Charentes-Maritimes"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Charpier-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Charpier_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charpier_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charpier_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charpier_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charpier_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charpier_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charpier_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charpier_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charpier_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charpier_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCharpier2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Charpier, Frédéric (2005). <i>Génération Occident</i> (in French). Le Seuil. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2020614139" title="Special:BookSources/978-2020614139"><bdi>978-2020614139</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration+Occident&rft.pub=Le+Seuil&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-2020614139&rft.aulast=Charpier&rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (June 2020)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoucet2013-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoucet2013_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoucet2013_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoucet2013_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoucet2013_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoucet2013_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoucet2013_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoucet2013">Doucet 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGautier201740–41-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier201740–41_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier201740–41_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGautier2017">Gautier 2017</a>, pp. 40–41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaguieffTarneroBadinter198330–33-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaguieffTarneroBadinter198330–33_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaguieffTarneroBadinter198330–33_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaguieffTarneroBadinter1983">Taguieff, Tarnero & Badinter 1983</a>, pp. 30–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGautier201746–47-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier201746–47_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGautier2017">Gautier 2017</a>, pp. 46–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGautier201748–49-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier201748–49_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGautier2017">Gautier 2017</a>, pp. 48–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDard2000140-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDard2000140_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDard2000140_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDard2000140_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDard2000">Dard 2000</a>, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTED'Appollonia1998291-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTED'Appollonia1998291_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFD'Appollonia1998">D'Appollonia 1998</a>, p. 291.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShields2007126-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007126_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShields2007">Shields 2007</a>, p. 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlgazy198451-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlgazy198451_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlgazy1984">Algazy 1984</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFayeMestreMonnot2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Faye, Olivier; Mestre, Abel; Monnot, Caroline (24 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2013/07/24/dissolution-de-l-oeuvre-francaise-plus-ancien-groupe-d-extreme-droite-en-activite_5992845_823448.html">"Dissolution de l'Oeuvre française, plus ancien groupe d'extrême droite en activité"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Dissolution+de+l%27Oeuvre+fran%C3%A7aise%2C+plus+ancien+groupe+d%27extr%C3%AAme+droite+en+activit%C3%A9&rft.date=2013-07-24&rft.aulast=Faye&rft.aufirst=Olivier&rft.au=Mestre%2C+Abel&rft.au=Monnot%2C+Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2013%2F07%2F24%2Fdissolution-de-l-oeuvre-francaise-plus-ancien-groupe-d-extreme-droite-en-activite_5992845_823448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGautier2017-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier2017_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier2017_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier2017_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier2017_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGautier2017">Gautier 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGautier2017398-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier2017398_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGautier2017">Gautier 2017</a>, p. 398.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELebourg2014-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELebourg2014_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLebourg2014">Lebourg 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGriffin1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Griffin" title="Roger Griffin">Griffin, Roger</a> (1995). <i>Fascism</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 371. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5095-2071-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5095-2071-8"><bdi>978-1-5095-2071-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fascism&rft.pages=371&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-5095-2071-8&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGautier2017409–411-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier2017409–411_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGautier2017409–411_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGautier2017">Gautier 2017</a>, pp. 409–411.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShields2007158-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShields2007158_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShields2007">Shields 2007</a>, p. 158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlgazy198476-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlgazy198476_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlgazy1984">Algazy 1984</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Le Soleil</i>, n°99, 2-15 octobre 1970.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRees1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Rees" title="Philip Rees">Rees, Philip</a> (1990). <a href="/wiki/Biographical_Dictionary_of_the_Extreme_Right_Since_1890" title="Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890"><i>Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890</i></a>. Simon & Schuster. p. 358. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-089301-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-089301-7"><bdi>978-0-13-089301-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Dictionary+of+the+Extreme+Right+Since+1890&rft.pages=358&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-13-089301-7&rft.aulast=Rees&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:9_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrépon2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Crépon, Sylvain (2015). <i>Les faux-semblants du Front national: Sociologie d'un parti politique</i> (in French). Presses de Sciences Po. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FPHTCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT67">PT67</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782724618129" title="Special:BookSources/9782724618129"><bdi>9782724618129</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+faux-semblants+du+Front+national%3A+Sociologie+d%27un+parti+politique&rft.pages=PT67&rft.pub=Presses+de+Sciences+Po&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9782724618129&rft.aulast=Cr%C3%A9pon&rft.aufirst=Sylvain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAFP2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">AFP (29 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lepoint.fr/politique/marine-le-pen-denonce-une-operation-d-entrisme-au-fn-pour-lui-nuire-23-09-2010-1240435_20.php">"Marine Le Pen dénonce "une opération d'entrisme" au FN pour lui nuire"</a>. <i>Le Point</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=Marine+Le+Pen+d%C3%A9nonce+%22une+op%C3%A9ration+d%27entrisme%22+au+FN+pour+lui+nuire&rft.date=2010-09-29&rft.au=AFP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fmarine-le-pen-denonce-une-operation-d-entrisme-au-fn-pour-lui-nuire-23-09-2010-1240435_20.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVergnaud2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vergnaud, Vivien (19 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lejdd.fr/Politique/Le-dernier-petainiste-de-France-599835-3137429">"Le dernier pétainiste de France"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Journal_du_Dimanche" title="Le Journal du Dimanche">Le Journal du Dimanche</a></i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Journal+du+Dimanche&rft.atitle=Le+dernier+p%C3%A9tainiste+de+France&rft.date=2017-06-19&rft.aulast=Vergnaud&rft.aufirst=Vivien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lejdd.fr%2FPolitique%2FLe-dernier-petainiste-de-France-599835-3137429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sidos, Pierre. "Il faut d'urgence une révolution intellectuelle et morale". Interview by <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Bourbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jérôme Bourbon (page does not exist)">Jérôme Bourbon</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rivarol_(magazine)" title="Rivarol (magazine)">Rivarol</a></i>, no. 2963, 30 July 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFayeMestreMonnot2012" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Faye, Olivier; Mestre, Abel; Monnot, Caroline (7 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2012/02/07/pierre-sidos-quitte-la-presidence-de-l-oeuvre-francaise_5981831_823448.html">"Pierre Sidos quitte la présidence de l'Oeuvre française"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Pierre+Sidos+quitte+la+pr%C3%A9sidence+de+l%27Oeuvre+fran%C3%A7aise&rft.date=2012-02-07&rft.aulast=Faye&rft.aufirst=Olivier&rft.au=Mestre%2C+Abel&rft.au=Monnot%2C+Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2012%2F02%2F07%2Fpierre-sidos-quitte-la-presidence-de-l-oeuvre-francaise_5981831_823448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAFP2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">AFP (30 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberation.fr/france/2014/12/30/la-dissolution-des-jeunesses-nationalistes-et-de-l-uvre-francaise-confirmee_1171841">"La dissolution des Jeunesses nationalistes et de l'Œuvre française confirmée"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Libération">Libération</a></i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lib%C3%A9ration&rft.atitle=La+dissolution+des+Jeunesses+nationalistes+et+de+l%27%C5%92uvre+fran%C3%A7aise+confirm%C3%A9e&rft.date=2014-12-30&rft.au=AFP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Ffrance%2F2014%2F12%2F30%2Fla-dissolution-des-jeunesses-nationalistes-et-de-l-uvre-francaise-confirmee_1171841&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:72-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:72_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAFP2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">AFP (24 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/France/Nouvelles-dissolutions-de-structures-d-extreme-droite-2013-07-24-990394">"Nouvelles dissolutions de structures d'extrême droite"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/La_Croix_(newspaper)" title="La Croix (newspaper)">La Croix</a></i> (in French). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0242-6056">0242-6056</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Croix&rft.atitle=Nouvelles+dissolutions+de+structures+d%27extr%C3%AAme+droite&rft.date=2013-07-24&rft.issn=0242-6056&rft.au=AFP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.la-croix.com%2FActualite%2FFrance%2FNouvelles-dissolutions-de-structures-d-extreme-droite-2013-07-24-990394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStaff2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Staff (24 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/fr/20130724-manuel-valls-annonce-dissolution-oeuvre-francaise-jeunesses-nationalistes">"Manuel Valls annonce la dissolution de l'Oeuvre française et des Jeunesses nationalistes"</a>. <i>France 24</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Manuel+Valls+annonce+la+dissolution+de+l%27Oeuvre+fran%C3%A7aise+et+des+Jeunesses+nationalistes&rft.date=2013-07-24&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Ffr%2F20130724-manuel-valls-annonce-dissolution-oeuvre-francaise-jeunesses-nationalistes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:13_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDe_Boissieu2019" class="citation web cs1">De Boissieu, Laurent (3 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france-politique.fr/wiki/%C5%92uvre_Fran%C3%A7aise_(%C5%92)">"Œuvre Française (Œ) — France Politique"</a>. <i>France Politique</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+Politique&rft.atitle=%C5%92uvre+Fran%C3%A7aise+%28%C5%92%29+%E2%80%94+France+Politique&rft.date=2019-03-03&rft.aulast=De+Boissieu&rft.aufirst=Laurent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france-politique.fr%2Fwiki%2F%25C5%2592uvre_Fran%25C3%25A7aise_%28%25C5%2592%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180610080010/http://pierresidos.fr/pourquoi-lassociation/">"Présentation | Les Amis de Pierre SIDOS"</a>. 2018-06-10. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pierresidos.fr/pourquoi-lassociation/">the original</a> on 2018-06-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pr%C3%A9sentation+%7C+Les+Amis+de+Pierre+SIDOS&rft.date=2018-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpierresidos.fr%2Fpourquoi-lassociation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohannès2020" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Johannès, Franck (5 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2020/09/05/mort-de-pierre-sidos-figure-de-l-extreme-droite-petainiste-et-nationaliste_6051128_823448.html">"Mort de Pierre Sidos, figure de l'extrême droite pétainiste et nationaliste"</a>. <i>Le Monde</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Mort+de+Pierre+Sidos%2C+figure+de+l%27extr%C3%AAme+droite+p%C3%A9tainiste+et+nationaliste&rft.date=2020-09-05&rft.aulast=Johann%C3%A8s&rft.aufirst=Franck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2020%2F09%2F05%2Fmort-de-pierre-sidos-figure-de-l-extreme-droite-petainiste-et-nationaliste_6051128_823448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Sidos&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlgazy1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Algazy, Joseph (1984). <i>La tentation néo-fasciste en France: de 1944 à 1965</i> (in French). Fayard. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2213014265" title="Special:BookSources/978-2213014265"><bdi>978-2213014265</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+tentation+n%C3%A9o-fasciste+en+France%3A+de+1944+%C3%A0+1965&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-2213014265&rft.aulast=Algazy&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFD'Appollonia1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">D'Appollonia, Ariane Chebel (1998). <i>L'extrême-droite en France: De Maurras à Le Pen</i> (in French). Editions Complexe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2870277645" title="Special:BookSources/978-2870277645"><bdi>978-2870277645</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27extr%C3%AAme-droite+en+France%3A+De+Maurras+%C3%A0+Le+Pen&rft.pub=Editions+Complexe&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-2870277645&rft.aulast=D%27Appollonia&rft.aufirst=Ariane+Chebel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDard2000" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dard, Olivier (2000). "L'Anticommuniste des Héritiers de Jeune Nation". <i>Communisme</i>. Aspects de l'anticommunisme (in French). 62/63. L'Âge d'Homme. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782825114858" title="Special:BookSources/9782825114858"><bdi>9782825114858</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communisme&rft.atitle=L%27Anticommuniste+des+H%C3%A9ritiers+de+Jeune+Nation&rft.volume=62%2F63&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9782825114858&rft.aulast=Dard&rft.aufirst=Olivier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDoucet2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Doucet, David (12 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422204226/http://revuecharles.fr/pierre-sidos/">"Entretien : Pierre Sidos"</a>. <i>Revue Charles</i> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://revuecharles.fr/pierre-sidos/">the original</a> on April 22, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Revue+Charles&rft.atitle=Entretien+%3A+Pierre+Sidos&rft.date=2013-04-12&rft.aulast=Doucet&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frevuecharles.fr%2Fpierre-sidos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGautier2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gautier, Jean-Paul (2017). <i>Les extrêmes droites en France: De 1945 à nos jours</i> (in French). Syllepse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2849505700" title="Special:BookSources/978-2849505700"><bdi>978-2849505700</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+extr%C3%AAmes+droites+en+France%3A+De+1945+%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.pub=Syllepse&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-2849505700&rft.aulast=Gautier&rft.aufirst=Jean-Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLebourg2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Lebourg" title="Nicolas Lebourg">Lebourg, Nicolas</a> (21 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.fr/story/94893/oeuvre-francaise">"L'Œuvre française, une longue marche sous le signe de la croix celtique"</a>. <i>Slate</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=L%27%C5%92uvre+fran%C3%A7aise%2C+une+longue+marche+sous+le+signe+de+la+croix+celtique&rft.date=2014-11-21&rft.aulast=Lebourg&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.fr%2Fstory%2F94893%2Foeuvre-francaise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShields2007" class="citation book cs1">Shields, James G. (2007). <i>The Extreme Right in France: From Pétain to Le Pen</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415372008" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415372008"><bdi>978-0415372008</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Extreme+Right+in+France%3A+From+P%C3%A9tain+to+Le+Pen&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0415372008&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=James+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaguieffTarneroBadinter1983" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Andr%C3%A9_Taguieff" title="Pierre-André Taguieff">Taguieff, Pierre-André</a>; Tarnero, Jacques; Badinter, Robert (1983). <i>Vous avez dit fascismes ?</i> (in French). Arthaud-Montalba. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782402119221" title="Special:BookSources/9782402119221"><bdi>9782402119221</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vous+avez+dit+fascismes+%3F&rft.pub=Arthaud-Montalba&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9782402119221&rft.aulast=Taguieff&rft.aufirst=Pierre-Andr%C3%A9&rft.au=Tarnero%2C+Jacques&rft.au=Badinter%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Sidos" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_far_right" title="Template:French far right"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:French_far_right" title="Template talk:French far right"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_far_right" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French far right"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Far-right_politics_in_France237" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_far-right_movements_in_France" title="History of far-right movements in France">Far-right politics in France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precursors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Ernest_Boulanger" title="Georges Ernest Boulanger">Boulanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">de Gobineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">de Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drumont" title="Édouard Drumont">Drumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Vacher_de_Lapouge" title="Georges Vacher de Lapouge">de Lapouge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1945 groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Action Française">Action Française</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_League_of_France" title="Antisemitic League of France">Antisemitic League of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_National_Party" title="Breton National Party">Breton National Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Camelots_du_Roi" title="Camelots du Roi">Camelots du Roi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Croix-de-Feu" title="Croix-de-Feu">Croix-de-Feu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Faisceau" class="mw-redirect" title="Faisceau">Faisceau</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_National-Collectivist_Party" title="French National-Collectivist Party">French National-Collectivist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party" title="French Popular Party">French Popular Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenshirts_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenshirts (France)">Greenshirts</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jeunesses_Patriotes" title="Jeunesses Patriotes">Jeunesses Patriotes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Cagoule" title="La Cagoule">La Cagoule</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ligue_des_Patriotes" title="Ligue des Patriotes">Ligue des Patriotes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milice" title="Milice">Milice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_Franciste" title="Mouvement Franciste">Mouvement Franciste</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Popular_Rally" title="National Popular Rally">National Popular Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Social_Movement" title="Revolutionary Social Movement">Revolutionary Social Movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Service_d%27ordre_l%C3%A9gionnaire" title="Service d'ordre légionnaire">Service d'ordre légionnaire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solidarit%C3%A9_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Solidarité Française">Solidarité Française</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1945 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Barr%C3%A8s" title="Maurice Barrès">Barrès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bainville" title="Jacques Bainville">Bainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Benoist-M%C3%A9chin" title="Jacques Benoist-Méchin">Benoist-Méchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Bonnard" title="Abel Bonnard">Bonnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brasillach" title="Robert Brasillach">Brasillach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Bucard" title="Marcel Bucard">Bucard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Cl%C3%A9menti_(politician)" title="Pierre Clémenti (politician)">Clémenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Coston" title="Henry Coston">Coston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Darnand" title="Joseph Darnand">Darnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Daudet" title="Léon Daudet">Daudet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Déat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Deloncle" title="Eugène Deloncle">Deloncle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_D%C3%A9roul%C3%A8de" title="Paul Déroulède">Déroulède</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dorg%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Dorgères">Dorgères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Doriot" title="Jacques Doriot">Doriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Drieu_La_Rochelle" title="Pierre Drieu La Rochelle">Drieu La Rochelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Maulnier" title="Thierry Maulnier">Maulnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Maxence" title="Jean-Pierre Maxence">Maxence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand%27s_relationship_with_the_far_right" class="mw-redirect" title="François Mitterrand's relationship with the far right">Mitterrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Ousset" title="Jean Ousset">Ousset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Plateau" title="Marius Plateau">Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Pujo" title="Maurice Pujo">Pujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Rebatet" title="Lucien Rebatet">Rebatet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Vallat" title="Xavier Vallat">Vallat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Vaugeois" title="Henri Vaugeois">Vaugeois</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct<br />post-1945 groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise_(post_war)" class="mw-redirect" title="Action Française (post war)">Action Française (post war)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel_Group" title="Charles Martel Group">Charles Martel Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe-Action" title="Europe-Action">Europe-Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Rally_for_Liberty" title="European Rally for Liberty">European Rally for Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_d%27action_nationale_et_europ%C3%A9enne" title="Fédération d'action nationale et européenne">Fédération d'action nationale et européenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Nationalist_Students" title="Federation of Nationalist Students">Federation of Nationalist Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_European_Nationalist_Party" title="French and European Nationalist Party">French and European Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Alg%C3%A9rie_Fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Front Algérie Française">Front Algérie Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupe_Union_D%C3%A9fense" title="Groupe Union Défense">Groupe Union Défense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeune_Nation" title="Jeune Nation">Jeune Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C5%92uvre_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="L'Œuvre Française">L'Œuvre Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_R%C3%A9sistance" title="Nouvelle Résistance">Nouvelle Résistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occident_(movement)" title="Occident (movement)">Occident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_and_Independent_Republicans" class="mw-redirect" title="National Unity and Independent Republicans">UNIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comit%C3%A9s_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Comités TV">Comités TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordre_Nouveau_(1960s)" title="Ordre Nouveau (1960s)">Ordre Nouveau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_Arm%C3%A9e_Secr%C3%A8te" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation Armée Secrète">Organisation Armée Secrète</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_New_Forces" title="Party of New Forces">Party of New Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalange_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Phalange Française">Phalange Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Network" title="Radical Network">Radical Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassemblement_National_Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Rassemblement National Français">Rassemblement National Français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Nationalist_Groups" title="Revolutionary Nationalist Groups">Revolutionary Nationalist Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troisi%C3%A8me_Voie" class="mw-redirect" title="Troisième Voie">Troisième Voie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_Radicale" title="Unité Radicale">Unité Radicale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Action Française">Action Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adsav" title="Adsav">Adsav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGRIF" title="AGRIF">AGRIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace_First" title="Alsace First">Alsace First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Defence_of_the_Memory_of_Marshal_P%C3%A9tain" title="Association for the Defence of the Memory of Marshal Pétain">Association for the Defence of the Memory of Marshal Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_catholique" title="Cité catholique">Cité catholique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civitas_(movement)" title="Civitas (movement)">Civitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrefour_de_l%27Horloge" title="Carrefour de l'Horloge">Carrefour de l'Horloge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debout_la_France" title="Debout la France">Debout la France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_and_Reconciliation" title="Equality and Reconciliation">Equality and Reconciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe-Jeunesse" title="Europe-Jeunesse">Europe-Jeunesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nationalists_(France)" title="The Nationalists (France)">The Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Renewal" title="French Renewal">French Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation_Identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Generation Identity">Generation Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRECE" title="GRECE">GRECE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_the_South_(France)" title="League of the South (France)">League of the South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_European_Resistance" title="National Council of European Resistance">National Council of European Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Movement" title="National Republican Movement">National Republican Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_France" title="Party of France">Party of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassemblement_National" class="mw-redirect" title="Rassemblement National">Rassemblement National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconqu%C3%AAte" title="Reconquête">Reconquête</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty,_Identity_and_Freedoms" title="Sovereignty, Identity and Freedoms">Sovereignty, Identity and Freedoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre_et_Peuple" title="Terre et Peuple">Terre et Peuple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Patriots_(France)" title="The Patriots (France)">The Patriots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-1945 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Aliot" title="Louis Aliot">Aliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Antony" title="Bernard Antony">Antony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Ayoub" title="Serge Ayoub">Ayoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bard%C3%A8che" title="Maurice Bardèche">Bardèche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Bardella" title="Jordan Bardella">Bardella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Bay" title="Nicolas Bay">Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvan_Benedetti" title="Yvan Benedetti">Benedetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Binet_(neo-Fascist)" title="René Binet (neo-Fascist)">Binet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bompard" title="Jacques Bompard">Bompard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Bouchet" title="Christian Bouchet">Bouchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bousquet" title="Pierre Bousquet">Bousquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvan_Blot" title="Yvan Blot">Blot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Brigneau" title="François Brigneau">Brigneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeve_Briois" title="Steeve Briois">Briois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaud_Camus" title="Renaud Camus">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Coston" title="Henry Coston">Coston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">de Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_de_Lesquen" title="Henry de Lesquen">de Lesquen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Dior" title="Françoise Dior">Dior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Duprat" title="François Duprat">Duprat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Faye" title="Guillaume Faye">Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Fredriksen" title="Mark Fredriksen">Fredriksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Gollnisch" title="Bruno Gollnisch">Gollnisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Holeindre" title="Roger Holeindre">Holeindre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Jalkh" title="Jean-François Jalkh">Jalkh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Lang" title="Carl Lang">Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Le_Gallou" title="Jean-Yves Le Gallou">Le Gallou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Le Pen (Jean-Marie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Le Pen (Marine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Luca" title="Charles Luca">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Mabire" title="Jean Mabire">Maribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Gilles_Malliarakis" title="Jean-Gilles Malliarakis">Malliarakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Marion Maréchal">Maréchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_M%C3%A9gret" title="Bruno Mégret">Mégret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M%C3%A9nard" title="Robert Ménard">Ménard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Messiha" title="Jean Messiha">Messiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florian_Philippot" title="Florian Philippot">Philippot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_de_Poncins" title="Léon de Poncins">de Poncins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pujo" title="Pierre Pujo">Pujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rachline" title="David Rachline">Rachline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Ravier" title="Stéphane Ravier">Ravier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Reynouard" title="Vincent Reynouard">Reynouard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Loup_(writer)" title="Saint-Loup (writer)">Saint-Loup</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Soral" title="Alain Soral">Soral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Stirbois" title="Jean-Pierre Stirbois">Stirbois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Susini" title="Jean-Jacques Susini">Susini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Tixier-Vignancour" title="Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour">Tixier-Vignancour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Venner" title="Dominique Venner">Venner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Vial" title="Pierre Vial">Vial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Zemmour" title="Éric Zemmour">Zemmour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideologies and movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Boulangisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulangisme">Boulangisme</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme" title="Maurrassisme">Maurrassisme</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Droite" title="Nouvelle Droite">Nouvelle Droite</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Pétainism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Révolution nationale</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active publications and media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulevard_Voltaire_(website)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulevard Voltaire (website) (page does not exist)">Boulevard Voltaire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ments" title="Éléments">Éléments</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minute_(newspaper)" title="Minute (newspaper)">Minute</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National-Hebdo" title="National-Hebdo">National-Hebdo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_%C3%89cole" title="Nouvelle École">Nouvelle École</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sent" title="Présent">Présent</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Courtoisie" title="Radio Courtoisie">Radio Courtoisie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rivarol_(magazine)" title="Rivarol (magazine)">Rivarol</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV-Libert%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="TV-Libertés">TV-Libertés</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">Revanchism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_February_1934_crisis" title="6 February 1934 crisis">6 February 1934 crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Algiers_putsch_of_1961" title="Algiers putsch of 1961">Algiers putsch of 1961</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3386994#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/5443160211327548920006">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb10925568b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb10925568b">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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