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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Alfonso XI</b> (11 August 1311 – 26 March 1350), called <b>the Avenger</b> (<i>el Justiciero</i>), was King of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">León</a>. He was the son of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand IV of Castile">Ferdinand IV of Castile</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Portugal" title="Constance of Portugal">Constance of Portugal</a>. Upon his father's death in 1312, several disputes ensued over who would hold regency, which were resolved in 1313. </p><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Alfonso XI</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Libro_de_la_Coronaci%C3%B3n_de_los_Reyes_de_Castilla--2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Libro_de_la_Coronaci%C3%B3n_de_los_Reyes_de_Castilla--2_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Libro_de_la_Coronaci%C3%B3n_de_los_Reyes_de_Castilla--2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Libro_de_la_Coronaci%C3%B3n_de_los_Reyes_de_Castilla--2_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Libro_de_la_Coronaci%C3%B3n_de_los_Reyes_de_Castilla--2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Libro_de_la_Coronaci%C3%B3n_de_los_Reyes_de_Castilla--2_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Libro_de_la_Coronaci%C3%B3n_de_los_Reyes_de_Castilla--2_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="558"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Detail of a contemporary depiction in the <i>Book of the Coronation of the Kings of Castile</i> (14th century)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Castile and León">King of Castile and León</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">7 September 1312 – <span class="nowrap">26 March 1350</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand IV of Castile">Ferdinand IV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Castile" title="Peter of Castile">Peter</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">13 August 1311<br><a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">26 March 1350 (aged 38)<br><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Emirate of Granada</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Collegiate_Church_of_Saint_Hippolytus" title="Royal Collegiate Church of Saint Hippolytus">Royal Collegiate Church of Saint Hippolytus</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Constanza_Manuel" title="Constanza Manuel">Constanza Manuel</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1325; <abbr title="annulled">ann.</abbr> 1327)<wbr></wbr></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Portugal,_Queen_of_Castile" title="Maria of Portugal, Queen of Castile">Maria of Portugal</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1328)<wbr></wbr></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Marriage_and_issue">among others...</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Castile" title="Peter of Castile">Peter</a></li> <li>Illegitimate:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_Castile" title="Henry II of Castile">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadrique_Alfonso" title="Fadrique Alfonso">Fadrique, Lord of Haro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tello_Alfonso" title="Tello Alfonso">Tello, Lord of Aguilar de Campoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_Alfonso" class="mw-redirect" title="Sancho Alfonso">Sancho, Count of Alburquerque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Castilian_House_of_Ivrea" title="Castilian House of Ivrea">Castilian House of Ivrea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand IV of Castile">Ferdinand IV of Castile</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Portugal" title="Constance of Portugal">Constance of Portugal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfonso_XI_(firma).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alfonso XI's signature"><img alt="Alfonso XI's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Alfonso_XI_%28firma%29.svg/125px-Alfonso_XI_%28firma%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Alfonso_XI_%28firma%29.svg/188px-Alfonso_XI_%28firma%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Alfonso_XI_%28firma%29.svg/250px-Alfonso_XI_%28firma%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="130"></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Once Alfonso was declared an adult in 1325, he began a reign that would serve to strengthen royal power. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Life"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Life</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Minority"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Minority</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Majority"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Majority</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Marriage_and_issue"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Marriage and issue</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Popular_culture"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Popular culture</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Ancestry"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Ancestry</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonso_XI_of_Castile&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minority">Minority</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonso_XI_of_Castile&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Minority" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:15th_century_depiction_of_Battle_of_Teba_1330.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/15th_century_depiction_of_Battle_of_Teba_1330.jpg/220px-15th_century_depiction_of_Battle_of_Teba_1330.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="543"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 241px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/15th_century_depiction_of_Battle_of_Teba_1330.jpg/220px-15th_century_depiction_of_Battle_of_Teba_1330.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="241" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/15th_century_depiction_of_Battle_of_Teba_1330.jpg/330px-15th_century_depiction_of_Battle_of_Teba_1330.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/15th_century_depiction_of_Battle_of_Teba_1330.jpg/440px-15th_century_depiction_of_Battle_of_Teba_1330.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Alfonso XI of Castile attacks the <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a> led by Muhammed IV, Sultan of the emirate of Granada.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfonso_XI,_king_of_Leon_and_Castile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Alfonso_XI%2C_king_of_Leon_and_Castile.jpg/220px-Alfonso_XI%2C_king_of_Leon_and_Castile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="464"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 206px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Alfonso_XI%2C_king_of_Leon_and_Castile.jpg/220px-Alfonso_XI%2C_king_of_Leon_and_Castile.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="206" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Alfonso_XI%2C_king_of_Leon_and_Castile.jpg/330px-Alfonso_XI%2C_king_of_Leon_and_Castile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Alfonso_XI%2C_king_of_Leon_and_Castile.jpg/440px-Alfonso_XI%2C_king_of_Leon_and_Castile.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Depiction in an illumination of <a href="/wiki/Froissart" class="mw-redirect" title="Froissart">Froissart</a>'s chronicles, <i>c.</i> 1410</figcaption></figure> <p>Born on 13 August 1311 in <a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Fernández201242_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarc%C3%ADa_Fern%C3%A1ndez201242-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was the son of King <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand IV of Castile">Ferdinand IV of Castile</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz201157_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz201157-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Portugal" title="Constance of Portugal">Constance of Portugal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrevite-Orton1960902_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrevite-Orton1960902-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father died when Alfonso was one year old.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz201593_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz201593-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His grandmother, <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_Molina" title="María de Molina">María de Molina</a>, his mother Constance, his granduncle Infante <a href="/wiki/John_of_Castile,_Lord_of_Valencia_de_Campos" title="John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos">John of Castile</a>, son of King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso X of Castile</a> and uncle Infante <a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Castile,_Lord_of_Cameros" title="Peter of Castile, Lord of Cameros">Peter of Castile</a>, son of King <a href="/wiki/Sancho_IV_of_Castile" title="Sancho IV of Castile">Sancho IV</a> assumed the regency. His mother died first on 18 November 1313, followed by Infantes John and Peter during a military campaign against <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Granada" title="Province of Granada">Granada</a> in 1319 at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Vega_of_Granada" title="Battle of the Vega of Granada">Disaster of the Vega</a>, which left Dowager Queen María as the only regent until her death on 1 July 1321.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Alfonso inherited the throne at a time of instability within the region, decline in populations, reductions in the royal treasury and increasingly ambitious regents caused numerous problems during his young reign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz201593_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz201593-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the death of the Infantes John and Peter in 1319, <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Castile,_Lord_of_Cabrera_and_Ribera" title="Philip of Castile, Lord of Cabrera and Ribera">Philip</a> (son of Sancho IV and María de Molina, thus brother of Infante Peter), <a href="/wiki/Don_Juan_Manuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Juan Manuel">Juan Manuel</a> (the king's second-degree uncle by virtue of being Ferdinand III's grandson) and <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Castilla_y_Haro" title="Juan de Castilla y Haro">Juan the One-eyed</a> (his second-degree uncle, son of John of Castile who died in 1319) split the kingdom among themselves according to their aspirations for regency, even as it was being looted by Moors and the rebellious nobility.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A 14th century chronicle mentioned his appearance as "...King Alfonso was not very tall but well proportioned, and he was rather strong and had fair skin and hair."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Majority">Majority</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonso_XI_of_Castile&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Majority" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>His effective reign began in August 1325 when he was sworn in as king as he was proclaimed to have reached the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_majority" title="Age of majority">age of majority</a> in the Cortes of <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorres_Fontes198721–22_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorres_Fontes198721%E2%80%9322-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a ritual that took him to <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a> and to the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_la_Real_de_Las_Huelgas" title="Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas">monastery of Las Huelgas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a>, his self-crowning took place in 1332.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As soon as he took the throne, he began working hard to strengthen royal power by dividing his enemies. His early display of ruthless rulership skills included the unhesitant execution of possible opponents. Alfonso XI ordered the assassination of Juan the One-eyed in <a href="/wiki/Toro,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Toro, Spain">Toro</a> in the 1326 feast of All Saints, along with two of the latter's knights, luring the former with promises of reconciliation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz201596_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz201596-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He managed to extend the limits of his kingdom to the Strait of Gibraltar after the important victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_R%C3%ADo_Salado" title="Battle of Río Salado">Battle of Río Salado</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Marinid_dynasty" title="Marinid dynasty">Marinid dynasty</a> in 1340 and the conquest of <a href="/wiki/Algeciras" title="Algeciras">Algeciras</a> in 1344. Once that conflict was resolved, he redirected all his <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a> efforts to fighting the Moorish king of Granada.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During his reign a political reform in the municipal government took place, with the substitution of the <a href="/wiki/Concejo_abierto" title="Concejo abierto"><i>concejos abiertos</i></a> by the <i><a href="/wiki/Regimiento" title="Regimiento">regimientos</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Fernández201245_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarc%C3%ADa_Fern%C3%A1ndez201245-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He fostered the issuance of <i><a href="/wiki/Municipal_charter" title="Municipal charter">cartas pueblas</a></i> as strategy for the demographic strengthening in the borderland areas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Fernández201245_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarc%C3%ADa_Fern%C3%A1ndez201245-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is variously known among Castilian kings as the Avenger or the Implacable, and as "He of Río Salado." The first two names he earned by the ferocity with which he repressed the disorders caused by the nobles during his long minority; the third by his victory in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_R%C3%ADo_Salado" title="Battle of Río Salado">Battle of Río Salado</a> over the last formidable <a href="/wiki/Marinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinid">Marinid</a> invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> in 1340.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Alfonso XI never went to the extreme lengths of his son <a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Castile" title="Peter of Castile">Peter of Castile</a>, but he could be bloody in his methods. He killed for reasons of state without any form of trial. He openly neglected his wife, <a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Portugal,_Queen_of_Castile" title="Maria of Portugal, Queen of Castile">Maria of Portugal</a>, and indulged a scandalous passion for <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Guzman" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleanor of Guzman">Eleanor of Guzman</a>, who bore him ten children.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Stricken with <a href="/wiki/Plague_(disease)" title="Plague (disease)">plague</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_siege_of_Gibraltar" title="Fifth siege of Gibraltar">1349–1350 siege of Gibraltar</a>, Alfonso died in the night of 25–26 March 1350 (some sources put the date wrongfully at 27 March) becoming one of the most prominent victims of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeón-SoteloGonzález_Crespo1986588_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe%C3%B3n-SoteloGonz%C3%A1lez_Crespo1986588-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Castilian forces withdrew from Gibraltar, with some of the defenders coming out to watch.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Out of respect, Alfonso's rival <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_I_of_Granada" title="Yusuf I of Granada">Yusuf I of Granada</a> ordered his army and his commanders in the border regions not to attack the Castilian procession as it traveled with the king's body to Seville.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFernández-Puertas199710_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFern%C3%A1ndez-Puertas199710-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Marriage_and_issue">Marriage and issue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonso_XI_of_Castile&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Marriage and issue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Alfonso XI first married <a href="/wiki/Constanza_Manuel" title="Constanza Manuel">Constanza Manuel</a> in 1325, but had the union annulled two years later. His second marriage, in 1328, was to his double first cousin <a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Portugal,_Queen_of_Castile" title="Maria of Portugal, Queen of Castile">Maria of Portugal</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IV_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso IV of Portugal">Alfonso IV of Portugal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had: </p> <ul><li>Two sons buried with their mother in the Royal Monastery of San Clemente in <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBorrero_Fernández199169_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorrero_Fern%C3%A1ndez199169-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of them, the firstborn Fernando, died a few months after birth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuillén2020120_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuill%C3%A9n2020120-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Castile" title="Peter of Castile">Peter of Castile</a> (1334–1369), King of Castile.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColeman2007138_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2007138-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>By his mistress, <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Guzm%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleanor of Guzmán">Eleanor of Guzmán</a>, he had ten children: </p> <ul><li>Pedro Alfonso (1331/1332–1338), 1st Lord of <a href="/wiki/Aguilar_de_Campoo" title="Aguilar de Campoo">Aguilar de Campoo</a>;</li> <li>Sancho Alfonso (1332/1333–1342), 1st Lord of <a href="/wiki/Ledesma,_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Ledesma, Castile and León">Ledesma</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_Castile" title="Henry II of Castile">Henry II of Castile</a> (1333/1334–1379), King of Castile (1369–1379)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColeman2007138_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2007138-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadrique_Alfonso" title="Fadrique Alfonso">Fadrique Alfonso</a> (1333/1334–1358), Henry's twin brother, he was Master of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Santiago" title="Order of Santiago">Order of Santiago</a> and 1st Lord of <a href="/wiki/Haro,_La_Rioja" title="Haro, La Rioja">Haro</a>;</li> <li>Fernando Alfonso (1334–c. 1350), 2nd Lord of <a href="/wiki/Ledesma,_Salamanca" class="mw-redirect" title="Ledesma, Salamanca">Ledesma</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tello_Alfonso" title="Tello Alfonso">Tello Alfonso</a> (1337–1370), 2nd Lord of <a href="/wiki/Aguilar_de_Campoo" title="Aguilar de Campoo">Aguilar de Campoo</a>;</li> <li>Juan Alfonso (1340–1359), 1st Lord of <a href="/wiki/Jerez_de_los_Caballeros" title="Jerez de los Caballeros">Jerez de los Caballeros</a>;</li> <li>Juana Alfonso (1342–after 1376), Lady of <a href="/wiki/House_of_Trast%C3%A1mara" title="House of Trastámara">Trastámara</a> due to her marriage in 1354 to <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Ruiz_de_Castro" title="Fernando Ruiz de Castro">Fernando Ruiz de Castro</a>. The marriage was annulled and in 1366 she married Felipe de Castro;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_of_Castile_(1342%E2%80%931374)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sancho of Castile (1342–1374)">Sancho Alfonso</a> (1343–1375), 1st Count of Alburquerque;</li> <li>Pedro Alfonso (1345–1359)</li></ul> <p>After Alfonso's death, his widow Maria had Eleanor arrested and later killed.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonso_XI_of_Castile&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Popular culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>He was depicted in the 1802 play <i><a href="/wiki/Alfonso,_King_of_Castile" title="Alfonso, King of Castile">Alfonso, King of Castile</a></i> by the British writer <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Gregory_Lewis" title="Matthew Gregory Lewis">Matthew Lewis</a>. It was first staged at London's <a href="/wiki/Covent_Garden_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Covent Garden Theatre">Covent Garden Theatre</a> with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Murray_(Scottish_actor)" title="Charles Murray (Scottish actor)">Charles Murray</a> in the title role.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonso_XI_of_Castile&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ancestry" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Alfonso XI of Castile<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso X of Castile</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Sancho_IV_of_Castile" title="Sancho IV of Castile">Sancho IV of Castile</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Violant_of_Aragon" title="Violant of Aragon">Violant of Aragon</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand IV of Castile">Ferdinand IV of Castile</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_of_Molina" title="Alfonso of Molina">Alfonso of Molina</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_Molina" title="María de Molina">María de Molina</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor_Alfonso_Tellez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mayor Alfonso Tellez (page does not exist)">Mayor Alfonso Tellez</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_Alfonso_de_Meneses" class="extiw" title="es:Mayor Alfonso de Meneses">es</a>]</span></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Alfonso XI of Castile</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Afonso_III_of_Portugal" title="Afonso III of Portugal">Afonso III of Portugal</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Denis_of_Portugal" title="Denis of Portugal">Denis of Portugal</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Castile_(1242%E2%80%931303)" title="Beatrice of Castile (1242–1303)">Beatrice of Castile</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Portugal" title="Constance of Portugal">Constance of Portugal</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Peter_III_of_Aragon" title="Peter III of Aragon">Peter III of Aragon</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth of Aragon">Elizabeth of Aragon</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Sicily,_Queen_of_Aragon" title="Constance of Sicily, Queen of Aragon">Constance of Sicily</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonso_XI_of_Castile&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Fernández201242-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarc%C3%ADa_Fern%C3%A1ndez201242_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarc%C3%ADa_Fern%C3%A1ndez2012">García Fernández 2012</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz201157-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz201157_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuiz2011">Ruiz 2011</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrevite-Orton1960902-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrevite-Orton1960902_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrevite-Orton1960">Previte-Orton 1960</a>, p. 902.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz201593-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz201593_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz201593_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuiz2015">Ruiz 2015</a>, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From 'Crónica de Pedro' by Pedro López de Ayala (1332–1407)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETorres_Fontes198721–22-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETorres_Fontes198721%E2%80%9322_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTorres_Fontes1987">Torres Fontes 1987</a>, p. 21–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAurell2016">Aurell 2016</a>, pp. 295–296; <a href="#CITEREFRuiz2004">Ruiz 2004</a>, p. 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz201596-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz201596_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuiz2015">Ruiz 2015</a>, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Fernández201245-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarc%C3%ADa_Fern%C3%A1ndez201245_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarc%C3%ADa_Fern%C3%A1ndez201245_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarc%C3%ADa_Fern%C3%A1ndez2012">García Fernández 2012</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeón-SoteloGonzález_Crespo1986588-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe%C3%B3n-SoteloGonz%C3%A1lez_Crespo1986588_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLe%C3%B3n-SoteloGonz%C3%A1lez_Crespo1986">León-Sotelo & González Crespo 1986</a>, p. 588.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWickham2016" class="citation book cs1">Wickham, Chris (15 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tp4qDQAAQBAJ"><i>Medieval Europe</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 299. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-22221-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-22221-0"><bdi>978-0-300-22221-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Europe&rft.pages=299&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2016-10-15&rft.isbn=978-0-300-22221-0&rft.aulast=Wickham&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTp4qDQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonso+XI+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Callaghan2011" class="citation book cs1">O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NOiAzwEJgaYC"><i>The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait</i></a>. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 216. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0463-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0463-6"><bdi>978-0-8122-0463-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gibraltar+Crusade%3A+Castile+and+the+Battle+for+the+Strait&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=216&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-0463-6&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=Joseph+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNOiAzwEJgaYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonso+XI+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFernández-Puertas199710-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFern%C3%A1ndez-Puertas199710_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFern%C3%A1ndez-Puertas1997">Fernández-Puertas 1997</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Medieval Iberia: an encyclopedia</i>, 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorrero_Fernández199169-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBorrero_Fern%C3%A1ndez199169_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBorrero_Fern%C3%A1ndez1991">Borrero Fernández 1991</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuillén2020120-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuill%C3%A9n2020120_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuill%C3%A9n2020">Guillén 2020</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2007138-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColeman2007138_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColeman2007138_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFColeman2007">Coleman 2007</a>, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chapman, Charles Edward and Rafael Altamira, <i>A history of Spain</i>, (The MacMillan Company, 1922), 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Macdonald, David Lorne. <i>Monk Lewis: A Critical Biography</i>. University of Toronto Press, 2000. p.156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Sousa1735" class="citation book cs1">de Sousa, Antonio Caetano (1735). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historiagenealog01sous#page/414"><i>Historia genealogica da casa real portugueza</i></a>. Lisboa Occidental. p. 415.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+genealogica+da+casa+real+portugueza&rft.pages=415&rft.pub=Lisboa+Occidental&rft.date=1735&rft.aulast=de+Sousa&rft.aufirst=Antonio+Caetano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fhistoriagenealog01sous%23page%2F414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonso+XI+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonso_XI_of_Castile&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alfonso_XI_of_Castile" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Alfonso XI of Castile">Alfonso XI of Castile</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAurell2016" class="citation book cs1">Aurell, Jaume (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/6324778.pdf">"La práctica de las autocoronaciones reales. Análisis histórico e implicaciones simbólicas"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>El acceso al trono: concepción y ritualización</i>. pp. 287–302. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-235-3452-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-235-3452-4"><bdi>978-84-235-3452-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+pr%C3%A1ctica+de+las+autocoronaciones+reales.+An%C3%A1lisis+hist%C3%B3rico+e+implicaciones+simb%C3%B3licas&rft.btitle=El+acceso+al+trono%3A+concepci%C3%B3n+y+ritualizaci%C3%B3n&rft.pages=287-302&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-84-235-3452-4&rft.aulast=Aurell&rft.aufirst=Jaume&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fdescarga%2Farticulo%2F6324778.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonso+XI+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Chapman, Charles Edward and Rafael Altamira, <i>A history of Spain</i>, The MacMillan Company, 1922.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColeman2007" class="citation book cs1">Coleman, Joyce (2007). "Philippa of Lancaster, Queen of Portugal--and Patron of the Gower Translations?". In Bullón-Fernández, María (ed.). <i>England and Iberia in the Middle Ages, 12th-15th Century: Cultural, Literary, and Political Exchanges</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 135–166.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Philippa+of+Lancaster%2C+Queen+of+Portugal--and+Patron+of+the+Gower+Translations%3F&rft.btitle=England+and+Iberia+in+the+Middle+Ages%2C+12th-15th+Century%3A+Cultural%2C+Literary%2C+and+Political+Exchanges&rft.pages=135-166&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonso+XI+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernández-Puertas1997" class="citation journal cs1">Fernández-Puertas, Antonio (April 1997). "The Three Great Sultans of al-Dawla al-Ismā'īliyya al-Naṣriyya Who Built the Fourteenth-Century Alhambra: Ismā'īl I, Yūsuf I, Muḥammad V (713–793/1314–1391)". <i>Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society</i>. Third Series. <b>7</b> (1). London: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a> on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Asiatic_Society_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland">Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland</a>: 1–25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1356186300008294">10.1017/S1356186300008294</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25183293">25183293</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154717811">154717811</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.atitle=The+Three+Great+Sultans+of+al-Dawla+al-Ism%C4%81%27%C4%ABliyya+al-Na%E1%B9%A3riyya+Who+Built+the+Fourteenth-Century+Alhambra%3A+Ism%C4%81%27%C4%ABl+I%2C+Y%C5%ABsuf+I%2C+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+V+%28713%E2%80%93793%2F1314%E2%80%931391%29&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-25&rft.date=1997-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154717811%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25183293%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1356186300008294&rft.aulast=Fern%C3%A1ndez-Puertas&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonso+XI+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcía_Fernández2012" class="citation journal cs1">García Fernández, Manuel (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://idus.us.es/bitstream/handle/11441/70486/AH38.pdf?sequence=1">"Alfonso XI y Andalucía. Un rey en tierra de frontera (1312-1350)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Andalucía en la Historia</i> (38). Seville: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Seville" title="University of Seville">Universidad de Sevilla</a>: 41–47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Andaluc%C3%ADa+en+la+Historia&rft.atitle=Alfonso+XI+y+Andaluc%C3%ADa.+Un+rey+en+tierra+de+frontera+%281312-1350%29&rft.issue=38&rft.pages=41-47&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Garc%C3%ADa+Fern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=Manuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fidus.us.es%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F11441%2F70486%2FAH38.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonso+XI+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannay1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Hannay_(historian)" title="David Hannay (historian)">Hannay, D.</a> (1911). 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Vol. 8, no. 5. <a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">Complutense University of Madrid</a>. pp. 575–589. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0214-3038">0214-3038</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=En+la+Espa%C3%B1a+Medieval&rft.atitle=Notas+para+el+itinerario+de+Alfonso+XI+en+el+periodo+de+1344+a+1350&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=575-589&rft.date=1986&rft.issn=0214-3038&rft.aulast=Le%C3%B3n-Sotelo&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa&rft.au=Gonz%C3%A1lez+Crespo%2C+Esther&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frevistas.ucm.es%2Findex.php%2FELEM%2Farticle%2Fview%2FELEM8686120575A%2F24503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonso+XI+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrevite-Orton1960" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Previte-Orton, C.W. 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Princeton & Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-00121-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-00121-9"><bdi>0-691-00121-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Heaven+to+Earth%3A+The+Reordering+of+Castilian+Society%2C+1150-1350&rft.place=Princeton+%26+Oxford&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-691-00121-9&rft.aulast=Ruiz&rft.aufirst=Teofilo+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS2-YDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonso+XI+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuiz2011" class="citation book cs1">Ruiz, Teofilo F. (2011). <i>Spain's Centuries of Crisis, 1300 - 1474</i>. Wiley.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spain%27s+Centuries+of+Crisis%2C+1300+-+1474&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Ruiz&rft.aufirst=Teofilo+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonso+XI+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuiz2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Teofilo_Ruiz" title="Teofilo Ruiz">Ruiz, Teofilo F.</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9Q6dBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA96">"Towards a Symbolic History of Alfonso XI of Castile: Power, Ceremony and Triumph"</a>. In Todesca, James J. (ed.). <i>The Emergence of León-Castile c.1065–1500: Essays Presented to J.F. O'Callaghan</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ashgate_Publishing" title="Ashgate Publishing">Ashgate Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-2035-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-2035-4"><bdi>978-1-4094-2035-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Towards+a+Symbolic+History+of+Alfonso+XI+of+Castile%3A+Power%2C+Ceremony+and+Triumph&rft.btitle=The+Emergence+of+Le%C3%B3n-Castile+c.1065%E2%80%931500%3A+Essays+Presented+to+J.F.+O%27Callaghan&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4094-2035-4&rft.aulast=Ruiz&rft.aufirst=Teofilo+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9Q6dBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonso+XI+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorres_Fontes1987" class="citation journal cs1">Torres Fontes, Juan (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/2663975.pdf">"Evolución del Concejo de Murcia en la Edad Media"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Murgetana</i> (71): 5–47. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0213-0939">0213-0939</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Murgetana&rft.atitle=Evoluci%C3%B3n+del+Concejo+de+Murcia+en+la+Edad+Media&rft.issue=71&rft.pages=5-47&rft.date=1987&rft.issn=0213-0939&rft.aulast=Torres+Fontes&rft.aufirst=Juan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fdescarga%2Farticulo%2F2663975.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonso+XI+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Medieval Iberia: an encyclopedia</i>, Ed. E. Michael Gerli and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_G._Armistead" title="Samuel G. Armistead">Samuel G. Armistead</a>, Routledge, 2003.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorrero_Fernández1991" class="citation book cs1">Borrero Fernández, Mercedes (1991). <i>El Real Monasterio de San Clemente: Un monasterio cisterciense en la Sevilla Medieval</i>. Sevilla: Comisaría de la Ciudad de Sevilla para 1992, Ayuntamiento de Sevilla. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-7952-013-2" title="Special:BookSources/84-7952-013-2"><bdi>84-7952-013-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+Real+Monasterio+de+San+Clemente%3A+Un+monasterio+cisterciense+en+la+Sevilla+Medieval&rft.place=Sevilla&rft.pub=Comisar%C3%ADa+de+la+Ciudad+de+Sevilla+para+1992%2C+Ayuntamiento+de+Sevilla&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=84-7952-013-2&rft.aulast=Borrero+Fern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=Mercedes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonso+XI+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuillén2020" class="citation book cs1">Guillén, Fernando Arias (2020). <i>The Triumph of an Accursed Lineage: Kingship in Castile from Alfonso X to Alfonso XI (1252-1350)</i>. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Triumph+of+an+Accursed+Lineage%3A+Kingship+in+Castile+from+Alfonso+X+to+Alfonso+XI+%281252-1350%29&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Guill%C3%A9n&rft.aufirst=Fernando+Arias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonso+XI+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><br> </p> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Alfonso XI of Castile </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Castilian_House_of_Ivrea" title="Castilian House of Ivrea">Castilian House of Ivrea</a></b></div><div style="font-size:90%">Cadet branch of the <b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Ivrea" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Ivrea">House of Ivrea</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 13 August 1311</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 26 March 1350</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand IV of Castile">Ferdinand IV</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Castilian_monarchs" title="List of Castilian monarchs">King of Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Leonese_monarchs" title="List of Leonese monarchs">León</a> </b><br>1312–1350 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Castile" title="Peter of Castile">Peter</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfonso_XI_of_Castile&oldid=1255207240">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfonso_XI_of_Castile&oldid=1255207240</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonso_XI_of_Castile&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Paramandyr" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1730659340"> <span>Last edited on 3 November 2024, at 18:42</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="ألفونسو الحادي عشر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألفونسو الحادي عشر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alifonso_XI_de_Castiella" title="Alifonso XI de Castiella – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alifonso XI de Castiella" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsu_XI_de_Castiella" title="Alfonsu XI de Castiella – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alfonsu XI de Castiella" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_Alfonso_(Kastiliya_kral%C4%B1)" title="XI Alfonso (Kastiliya kralı) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="XI Alfonso (Kastiliya kralı)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%92%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88" title="اوْن‌بیرینجی آلفونسو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوْن‌بیرینجی آلفونسو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_11-s%C3%A8_(Castilla)" title="Alfonso 11-sè (Castilla) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Alfonso 11-sè (Castilla)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0_XI_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Альфонса XI Справядлівы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Альфонса XI Справядлівы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE_XI_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Алфонсо XI (Кастилия) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алфонсо XI (Кастилия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_XI_Kastilha" title="Alfonso XI Kastilha – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Alfonso XI Kastilha" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfons_XI_de_Castella" title="Alfons XI de Castella – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfons XI de Castella" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfons_XI._Kastilsk%C3%BD" title="Alfons XI. Kastilský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alfons XI. Kastilský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfons_XI." title="Alfons XI. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alfons XI." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CF%86%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%99%CE%91%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Αλφόνσος ΙΑ΄ της Καστίλης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλφόνσος ΙΑ΄ της Καστίλης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_XI_de_Castilla" title="Alfonso XI de Castilla – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfonso XI de Castilla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_la_11-a" title="Alfonso la 11-a – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alfonso la 11-a" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfontso_XI.a_Gaztelakoa" title="Alfontso XI.a Gaztelakoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alfontso XI.a Gaztelakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%85" title="آلفونسوی یازدهم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلفونسوی یازدهم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_XI" title="Alphonse XI – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alphonse XI" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso_XI_de_Castela" title="Afonso XI de Castela – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Afonso XI de Castela" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%8F%B0%EC%86%8C_11%EC%84%B8" title="알폰소 11세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알폰소 11세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D6%86%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%B8_XI_(%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80)" title="Ալֆոնսո XI (Կաստիլիայի թագավոր) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալֆոնսո XI (Կաստիլիայի թագավոր)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_XI_dari_Kastila" title="Alfonso XI dari Kastila – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alfonso XI dari Kastila" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_XI_di_Castiglia" title="Alfonso XI di Castiglia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfonso XI di Castiglia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%95_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%97%D7%93_%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A8,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="אלפונסו האחד עשר, מלך קסטיליה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלפונסו האחד עשר, מלך קסטיליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D_XI" title="ალფონსო XI – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალფონსო XI" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsas_XI_(Kastilija)" title="Alfonsas XI (Kastilija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alfonsas XI (Kastilija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI._Alfonz_kaszt%C3%ADliai_kir%C3%A1ly" title="XI. Alfonz kasztíliai király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="XI. Alfonz kasztíliai király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="الفونسو الحداشر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الفونسو الحداشر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfons_XI_van_Castili%C3%AB" title="Alfons XI van Castilië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alfons XI van Castilië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BD11%E4%B8%96_(%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A3%E7%8E%8B)" title="アルフォンソ11世 (カスティーリャ王) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルフォンソ11世 (カスティーリャ王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfons_XI" title="Alfons XI – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alfons XI" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso_XI_de_Castela" title="Afonso XI de Castela – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Afonso XI de Castela" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_al_XI-lea_al_Castiliei" title="Alfonso al XI-lea al Castiliei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alfonso al XI-lea al Castiliei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE_XI_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Альфонсо XI Справедливый – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Альфонсо XI Справедливый" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_XI_of_Castile" title="Alfonso XI of Castile – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alfonso XI of Castile" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE_XI_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%B5" title="Алфонсо XI од Кастиље – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алфонсо XI од Кастиље" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_XI_od_Kastilje" title="Alfonso XI od Kastilje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alfonso XI od Kastilje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_XI" title="Alfonso XI – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alfonso XI" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfons_XI_av_Kastilien" title="Alfons XI av Kastilien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alfons XI av Kastilien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_11_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="พระเจ้าอัลฟอนโซที่ 11 แห่งกัสติยา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระเจ้าอัลฟอนโซที่ 11 แห่งกัสติยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI._Alfonso" title="XI. Alfonso – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="XI. Alfonso" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE_XI" title="Альфонсо XI – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Альфонсо XI" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%B9%E7%B4%A2%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A)" title="阿方索十一世 (卡斯蒂利亚) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿方索十一世 (卡斯蒂利亚)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img 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