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accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">花蜜</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。71种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%82" title="رحيق – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رحيق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9ctar_(bot%C3%A1nica)" title="Néctar (botánica) – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Néctar (botánica)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nektar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Nektar" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D1%86%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA)" title="Нектар (цукрысты сок) – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нектар (цукрысты сок)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA)" title="Нектар (растителен сок) – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нектар (растителен сок)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE" title="ফুলসুধা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফুলসুধা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nektar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A8ctar" title="Nèctar – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nèctar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nektar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neithdar" title="Neithdar – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Neithdar" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektar_(planter)" title="Nektar (planter) – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nektar (planter)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektar_(Botanik)" title="Nektar (Botanik) – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nektar (Botanik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81_(%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE)" title="Νέκταρ (βοτανική) – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νέκταρ (βοτανική)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectar" title="Nectar – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nectar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektaro" title="Nektaro – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nektaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9ctar_(bot%C3%A1nica)" title="Néctar (botánica) – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Néctar (botánica)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nektar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nektar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF" title="شهد – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شهد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesi" title="Mesi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mesi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectar_(botanique)" title="Nectar (botanique) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nectar (botanique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neachtar" title="Neachtar – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Neachtar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neactair" title="Neactair – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Neactair" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9ctar" title="Néctar – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Néctar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A3" title="צוף – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צוף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="मधुरस – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मधुरस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekt%C3%A1r" title="Nektár – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nektár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Նեկտար – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նեկտար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nektar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Дургал – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дургал" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektaro" title="Nektaro – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nektaro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%B3masafi" title="Blómasafi – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Blómasafi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nettare_(botanica)" title="Nettare (botanica) – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nettare (botanica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%9C" title="蜜 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="蜜" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ნექტარი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნექტარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C9%A3us" title="Amɣus – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Amɣus" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Бал шырын – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бал шырын" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6" title="ಮಕರಂದ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಕರಂದ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%BD%83%EA%BF%80" title="꽃꿀 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="꽃꿀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Нектар – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нектар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektaras" title="Nektaras – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nektaras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekt%C4%81rs" title="Nektārs – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nektārs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Нектар – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нектар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BB" title="പൂന്തേൻ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പൂന്തേൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nektar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Улаз – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Улаз" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectar_(plant)" title="Nectar (plant) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nectar (plant)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nektar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nektar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektar_(botanika)" title="Nektar (botanika) – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nektar (botanika)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9ctar" title="Néctar – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Néctar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91upchu" title="Ñupchu – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ñupchu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectar" title="Nectar – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nectar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA)" title="Нектар (сахаристый сок) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нектар (сахаристый сок)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="رس – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="رس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%92" title="මල් පැණි – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මල් පැණි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectar" title="Nectar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nectar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekt%C3%A1r" title="Nektár – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nektár" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nektar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nektar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Нектар – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нектар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9ktar" title="Néktar – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Néktar" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nektar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nektar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Нектар (ботаніка) – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нектар (ботаніка)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nektar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E8%9C%9C" title="花蜜 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="花蜜" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ნექტარი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნექტარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8" title="נעקטאר – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נעקטאר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E8%9C%9C" title="花蜜 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="花蜜" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q171934#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E8%9C%9C" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%8A%B1%E8%9C%9C" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" 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id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nectar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Nectar.jpg/220px-Nectar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Nectar.jpg/330px-Nectar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Nectar.jpg/440px-Nectar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%8C%B6%E8%8A%B1" title="山茶花">山茶花</a>的花蜜。</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian_painted_lady_feeding_closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Australian_painted_lady_feeding_closeup.jpg/220px-Australian_painted_lady_feeding_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Australian_painted_lady_feeding_closeup.jpg/330px-Australian_painted_lady_feeding_closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Australian_painted_lady_feeding_closeup.jpg/440px-Australian_painted_lady_feeding_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>以花的花蜜为食的一只<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%B7%E6%92%92%E7%B4%85%E8%9B%BA%E8%9D%B6" title="愷撒紅蛺蝶">愷撒紅蛺蝶</a>。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>花蜜</b>是<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E8%8A%B1%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="開花植物">開花植物</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1" title="花">花</a>內蜜腺等分泌的一種主要成分是小分子醣類、比如雙醣的<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%97%E7%B3%96" title="蔗糖">蔗糖</a>、單醣的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96" title="果糖">果糖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%B3%96" title="葡萄糖">葡萄糖</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E4%B9%B3%E7%B3%96" title="半乳糖">半乳糖</a>、甚或三糖<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%89%E5%AD%90%E7%B3%96" title="棉子糖">棉子糖</a>，四糖<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%8B%8F%E7%B3%96" title="水苏糖">水蘇糖</a>等的混和物，其種類與比例會隨物種甚或品種有相當變化。可吸引<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%88%E7%B2%89" class="mw-redirect" title="授粉">授粉</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E8%9F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="昆蟲">昆蟲</a>來採蜜，从而達到幫助授粉的目的。蜜蜂采集花蜜可酿成<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%82%E8%9C%9C" title="蜂蜜">蜂蜜</a>。 </p><p>花蜜的浓度會隨環境而变化，比如<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%B4%E6%A0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="椴树">椴树</a>在空气湿度为51%时，花蜜含糖量为72%；湿度为100%时，含糖量只有22%。蜜蜂喜欢采食含糖高的花蜜。 </p><p>然而部分花蜜與花粉對<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%9C%E8%9C%82" class="mw-redirect" title="蜜蜂">蜜蜂</a>具有毒性，比如含有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E4%B9%B3%E7%B3%96" title="半乳糖">半乳糖</a>的茶花，以及鉀離子含量偏高的棗花；甚或對人具有毒性，比如<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%85%AC%E8%97%A4" title="雷公藤">雷公藤</a>（<i><a href="/wiki/Tripterygium_wilfordii" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripterygium wilfordii">Tripterygium wilfordii</a></i> <small>Hook.F.</small>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E8%90%BD%E5%9B%9E" title="博落回">博落回</a> （<i><a href="/wiki/Macleaya_cordata" class="mw-redirect" title="Macleaya cordata">Macleaya cordata</a></i> <small>(Willd.) R.Br</small>）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%BC%E6%AF%92" class="mw-disambig" title="狼毒">狼毒</a>（<i><a href="/wiki/Stellera_chamaejasme" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellera chamaejasme">Stellera chamaejasme</a></i> L.）。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%B1%E8%9C%9C&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%9C%E6%BA%90%E6%A8%99%E8%A8%98" title="蜜源標記">蜜源標記</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%82%E8%9C%9C" title="蜂蜜">蜂蜜</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%B1%E8%9C%9C&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beeccdcap.uga.edu/documents/caparticle10.html">Honey Bee Nutrition</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150101032516/http://www.beeccdcap.uga.edu/documents/caparticle10.html">存檔</a>，存档日期2015-01-01. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences at the University of Georgia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scnjkj.gov.cn/ZJXT/mifeng/b1002.htm">蜜蜂中毒有四种类型：甘露蜜中毒，蜜蜂茶花中毒，蜜蜂枣花中毒，农药中毒</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年4月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup>四川省南江县科学技术局 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/zwgkzt/psp/201106/51948/files/bf8837ddf29c4dd794d824b26260d206.pdf">蜜蜂采集植物的花蜜、分泌物或蜜露应安全无毒，不得来源于雷公藤（Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.F.）、博落回(Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R.Br、狼毒（Stellera chamaejasme L.）等有毒蜜源植物。</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140820152821/http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/zwgkzt/psp/201106/51948/files/bf8837ddf29c4dd794d824b26260d206.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）食品安全国家标准蜂蜜</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%B1%E8%9C%9C&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nectar" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nectar"><span style="font-weight:bold;">花蜜</span></a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140323210940/http://en.lamieldeabejas.com/la-miel.html">蜜蜂（和花蜜）信息的概述和总结（新闻，经济，贸易，问题等）。</a></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cubits.org/hummingbirdgardening/db/hummingbirdplants/index.php">蜂鸟植物数据库</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110725213745/http://cubits.org/hummingbirdgardening/db/hummingbirdplants/index.php">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%B1%E8%9C%9C&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks" style="float: right;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171934" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q171934"><span class="nomobile">在维基数据</span>编<span class="nomobile">辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%AE%9A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%BD%99%E7%B7%A8/%E9%A3%9F%E8%B2%A8%E5%85%B8/%E8%9C%9C%E9%83%A8#花蜜" class="extiw" title="s:欽定古今圖書集成/經濟彙編/食貨典/蜜部">欽定古今圖書集成·經濟彙編·食貨典·蜜部</a>》，出自<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%A2%A6%E9%9B%B7" title="陈梦雷">陈梦雷</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90" title="古今图书集成">古今圖書集成</a>》</dd></dl> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mycology_template.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="小作品圖示" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mycology_template.png/40px-Mycology_template.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mycology_template.png/60px-Mycology_template.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Mycology_template.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="49" /></a></span></td><td style="font-size:smaller">这是一篇與<b>食材</b>或<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%BF%E5%91%B3%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="調味料">調味料</a></b>相關的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%8F%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81" title="Wikipedia:小作品">小作品</a>。您可以通过<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%B1%E8%9C%9C&action=edit">编辑或修订</a>扩充其内容。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="植物学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;;background:#90EE90;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:植物学"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="Template talk:植物学"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:植物学"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="植物学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="植物学">植物学</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物學史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of botany"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物學史（页面不存在）">植物學史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_botany" class="extiw" title="en:History of botany"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of botany</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物學大綱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of botany"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物學大綱（页面不存在）">植物學大綱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_botany" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of botany"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of botany</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;;width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物學分支" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Branches of botany"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物學分支（页面不存在）">分支學科</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branches_of_botany" class="extiw" title="en:Branches of botany"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Branches of botany</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="考古植物學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Archaeobotany"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="考古植物學（页面不存在）">考古植物學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeobotany" class="extiw" title="en:Archaeobotany"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Archaeobotany</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天體植物學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Astrobotany"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天體植物學（页面不存在）">天體植物學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrobotany" class="extiw" title="en:Astrobotany"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Astrobotany</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%94%E8%97%93%E5%AD%A6" title="苔藓学">苔藓学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%B9%E6%9C%A8%E5%AD%B8" title="樹木學">樹木學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="民族植物學">民族植物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="古植物学">古植物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%BB%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="藻类学">藻类学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="植物化学">植物化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="植物地理学">植物地理学</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地植物學勘探" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Geobotanical prospecting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%8B%98%E6%8E%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地植物學勘探（页面不存在）">地植物學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geobotanical_prospecting" class="extiw" title="en:Geobotanical prospecting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Geobotanical prospecting</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8" title="植物解剖學">植物解剖學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="植物生态学">植物生态学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="植物病理學">植物病理學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;;width:1%">植物類群</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%BB%E9%A1%9E" title="藻類">藻類</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E8%89%B2%E7%B4%A0%E9%AB%94%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="原始色素體生物">原始质体生物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%94%E8%97%93%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="苔藓植物">苔藓植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%B6%AD%E7%AE%A1%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="非維管植物">非维管植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%AE%A1%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="维管植物">维管植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E5%AD%90%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="种子植物">种子植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%95%A8%E9%A1%9E%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="蕨類植物">蕨類植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%B8%E5%AD%90%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="裸子植物">裸子植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E5%AD%90%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="被子植物">被子植物</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8" title="植物解剖學">植物解剖學</a><br />和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="植物形態學">形態學</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal;">（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物形態學術語表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Glossary of plant morphology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物形態學術語表（页面不存在）">術語表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_plant_morphology" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of plant morphology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glossary of plant morphology</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#D4EED4; text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="植物细胞学">植物细胞学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E5%A3%81" title="細胞壁">細胞壁</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="成膜體" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Phragmoplast"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%90%E8%86%9C%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="成膜體（页面不存在）">成膜體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phragmoplast" class="extiw" title="en:Phragmoplast"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Phragmoplast</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E7%B4%A0%E9%AB%94" title="色素體">色素體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E8%B3%AA%E7%B5%B2" title="原生質絲">原生質絲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E8%83%9E" title="液胞">液胞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#D4EED4; text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6)" title="组织 (生物学)">組織</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%A0%93%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E5%B1%A4" title="木栓形成層">木栓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87_(%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9)" title="基本组织 (植物)">基本組織</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="葉肉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Leaf#Mesophyll"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%89%E8%82%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葉肉（页面不存在）">葉肉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf#Mesophyll" class="extiw" title="en:Leaf"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Leaf#Mesophyll</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E7%94%9F%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="分生组织">分生组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%AE%E8%97%8F%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98" title="贮藏器官">贮藏器官</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%AE%A1%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="维管组织">维管组织</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%AE%A1%E6%9D%9F" title="维管束">维管束</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材">木材</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#D4EED4; text-align:center;;width:1%">營養器官</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%9E%E8%8C%8E" title="鳞茎">鳞茎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9" title="根">根</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E6%A0%B9" title="假根">假根</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E8%8C%8E" title="根茎">根茎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoot" title="Shoot">地上部</a>〔<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%BD" title="芽">芽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89" title="葉">葉</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="低出葉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cataphyll"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%8E%E5%87%BA%E8%91%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="低出葉（页面不存在）">低出葉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataphyll" class="extiw" title="en:Cataphyll"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cataphyll</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E6%9F%84" title="葉柄">葉柄</a>）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="無柄花葉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sessility (botany)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A1%E6%9F%84%E8%8A%B1%E8%91%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="無柄花葉（页面不存在）">無柄花葉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sessility_(botany)" class="extiw" title="en:Sessility (botany)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sessility (botany)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%8E" title="茎">茎</a>〕</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#D4EED4; text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="植物生殖形態學">生殖器官</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%B8%E5%8D%B5%E5%99%A8" title="頸卵器">頸卵器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%84%E8%95%8A" title="雄蕊">雄蕊群</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E7%B2%89" title="花粉">花粉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%84%E8%95%8A" title="雄蕊">雄蕊</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="退化雄蕊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Staminode"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%80%E5%8C%96%E9%9B%84%E8%95%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="退化雄蕊（页面不存在）">退化雄蕊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staminode" class="extiw" title="en:Staminode"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Staminode</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="絨氈層" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tapetum (botany)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%A8%E6%B0%88%E5%B1%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="絨氈層（页面不存在）">絨氈層</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapetum_(botany)" class="extiw" title="en:Tapetum (botany)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tapetum (botany)</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1" title="花">花</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="花被卷叠式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aestivation (botany)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%B1%E8%A2%AB%E5%8D%B7%E5%8F%A0%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="花被卷叠式（页面不存在）">花被卷叠式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aestivation_(botany)" class="extiw" title="en:Aestivation (botany)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aestivation (botany)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="ABC模型">花朵發育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1" title="花">花图式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%BC%8F" title="花式">花程式</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="花對稱性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Floral symmetry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%B1%E5%B0%8D%E7%A8%B1%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="花對稱性（页面不存在）">花對稱性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floral_symmetry" class="extiw" title="en:Floral symmetry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Floral symmetry</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AE%E7%94%9F" title="轮生">轮生</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E5%AE%9E" title="果实">果实</a><span class="nowrap">〔<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="果實解剖學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fruit anatomy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%9C%E5%AF%A6%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="果實解剖學（页面不存在）">果實解剖學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_anatomy" class="extiw" title="en:Fruit anatomy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fruit anatomy</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%86%E6%9E%9C" title="浆果">浆果</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B4%E6%9E%9C" title="蒴果">蒴果</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%9A%E6%9E%9C" title="坚果">坚果</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E6%A0%B8" title="果核">果核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E5%AD%90" title="種子">種子</a><span class="nowrap">（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="種子傳播" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Seed dispersal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E5%AD%90%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD" title="种子传播">種子傳播</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_dispersal" class="extiw" title="en:Seed dispersal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Seed dispersal</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E4%B9%B3" title="胚乳">胚乳</a>）〕</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E5%AD%90%E9%AB%94" title="配子體">配子體</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="合蕊柱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Column (botany)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%88%E8%95%8A%E6%9F%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="合蕊柱（页面不存在）">合蕊柱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column_(botany)" class="extiw" title="en:Column (botany)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Column (botany)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%8C%E8%8A%B1%E5%99%A8" title="雌花器">雌蕊群</a><span class="nowrap">〔<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E6%88%BF" title="子房">子房</a></span><span class="nowrap">（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="子房室" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Locule"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%90%E6%88%BF%E5%AE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="子房室（页面不存在）">子房室</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locule" class="extiw" title="en:Locule"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Locule</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E7%8F%A0" title="胚珠">胚珠</a>）</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B1%E9%A0%AD_(%E8%8A%B1)" title="柱頭 (花)">柱頭</a>〕</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E4%B8%9D%E6%89%98" title="被丝托">被丝托</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%BA%8F" title="花序">花序</a><span class="nowrap">（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%9E%E7%89%87" title="苞片">苞片</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E6%A2%97" title="花梗">花梗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%8A%B6%E8%8A%B1%E5%BA%8F" title="总状花序">总状花序</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%96%E5%BD%A2%E8%8A%B1%E5%BA%8F" title="繖形花序">繖形花序</a>）</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E8%A2%AB" title="花被">花被</a><span class="nowrap">（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E8%A2%AB%E7%89%87" title="花被片">花被片</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E7%93%A3" title="花瓣">花瓣</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E8%90%BC" title="花萼">花萼</a>）</span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物胚胎" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Embryo#Plant_embryos"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物胚胎（页面不存在）">植物胚胎</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryo#Plant_embryos" class="extiw" title="en:Embryo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Embryo#Plant_embryos</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="花托" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Receptacle (botany)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%B1%E6%89%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="花托（页面不存在）">花托</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptacle_(botany)" class="extiw" title="en:Receptacle (botany)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Receptacle (botany)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="孢子葉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sporophyll"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%A2%E5%AD%90%E8%91%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孢子葉（页面不存在）">孢子葉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporophyll" class="extiw" title="en:Sporophyll"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sporophyll</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A2%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93" title="孢子体">孢子体</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#D4EED4; text-align:center;;width:1%">表層構造</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%B4%A8%E5%B1%82" title="植物角质层">植物角质层</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%AE%E8%A0%9F%E8%B3%AA" title="表皮蠟質">表皮蠟質</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%AE_(%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9)" title="表皮 (植物)">表皮</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">花蜜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%AD%94" title="气孔">气孔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%BA" title="刺">刺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E7%8A%B6%E4%BD%93" title="毛状体">毛状体</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="植物生理學">植物生理學</a><br />和相關物質</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%8A%E7%B2%89%E5%B1%A4" title="糊粉層">糊粉層</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="集流" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bulk movement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%86%E6%B5%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="集流（页面不存在）">集流</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_movement" class="extiw" title="en:Bulk movement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bulk movement</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4%E7%B4%A0" title="纤维素">纤维素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="植物营养学">植物營養</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="光合作用">光合作用</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E7%BB%BF%E7%B4%A0" title="叶绿素">叶绿素</a>）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物黑色素" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Phytomelanin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E9%BB%91%E8%89%B2%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物黑色素（页面不存在）">植物黑色素</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytomelanin" class="extiw" title="en:Phytomelanin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Phytomelanin</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0" title="植物激素">植物激素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%B9%E6%B6%B2" title="樹液">樹液</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%80%E7%B2%89" title="淀粉">淀粉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%B3%96" class="mw-redirect" title="食糖">食糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E8%85%BE%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="蒸腾作用">蒸腾作用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A8%E5%A3%93" title="膨壓">膨壓</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;;width:1%">植物生長<br />和習性</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="習性#植物習性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Habit (biology)#Structure"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A0%E6%80%A7" class="mw-disambig" title="习性">植物習性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habit_(biology)#Structure" class="extiw" title="en:Habit (biology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Habit (biology)#Structure</span></a></span>）</span></span>〔<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="墊狀植物" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cushion plant"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A2%8A%E7%8B%80%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="墊狀植物（页面不存在）">墊狀植物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cushion_plant" class="extiw" title="en:Cushion plant"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cushion plant</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AE%E5%BA%A7%E7%8B%80%E8%91%89%E5%8F%A2" title="蓮座狀葉叢">蓮座狀植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%9C%A8" title="灌木">灌木</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="匍匐灌木" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prostrate shrub"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%8D%E5%8C%90%E7%81%8C%E6%9C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="匍匐灌木（页面不存在）">匍匐灌木</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostrate_shrub" class="extiw" title="en:Prostrate shrub"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prostrate shrub</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%81%8C%E6%9C%A8" title="亚灌木">亚灌木</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%82%89%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="多肉植物">多肉植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%91" title="树">树</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A4%E6%9C%AC%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="藤本植物">藤本植物</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%B3%AA%E8%97%A4%E6%9C%AC" title="木質藤本">木質藤本</a>）〕</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E6%9C%AC%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="草本植物">草本植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9C%AC%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="木本植物">木本植物</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="次生生长" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Secondary growth"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A1%E7%94%9F%E7%94%9F%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="次生生长（页面不存在）">次生生長</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_growth" class="extiw" title="en:Secondary growth"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Secondary growth</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%B9%81%E6%AE%96" title="植物繁殖">繁殖</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Plant evolution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物演化（页面不存在）">演化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_evolution" class="extiw" title="en:Plant evolution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Plant evolution</span></a></span>）</span></span><br />和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="植物生态学">生態學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BB%A3%E4%BA%A4%E6%9B%BF" title="世代交替">世代交替</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%8F%97%E7%B2%BE" title="双受精">双受精</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物演化發育生物學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Plant evolutionary developmental biology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物演化發育生物學（页面不存在）">植物演化發育</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_evolutionary_developmental_biology" class="extiw" title="en:Plant evolutionary developmental biology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Plant evolutionary developmental biology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物演化史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolutionary history of plants"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物演化史（页面不存在）">植物演化史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_history_of_plants" class="extiw" title="en:Evolutionary history of plants"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolutionary history of plants</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物演化時間軸" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of plant evolution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E8%BB%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物演化時間軸（页面不存在）">時間軸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_plant_evolution" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of plant evolution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of plant evolution</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%9B%B8" title="植物相">植物区系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E8%8A%BD" title="发芽">发芽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E7%B2%89" title="传粉">授粉</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%8E%88%E7%B2%89" title="人工授粉">人工授粉</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="授粉者" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pollinator"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%88%E7%B2%89%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="授粉者（页面不存在）">授粉者</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollinator" class="extiw" title="en:Pollinator"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pollinator</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E7%B2%89%E7%AE%A1" title="花粉管">花粉管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E7%B2%89" title="传粉">自花授粉</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A2%E5%AD%90%E5%9B%8A" title="孢子囊">孢子囊</a><span class="nowrap">〔<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="小孢子囊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Microsporangia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%A2%E5%AD%90%E5%9B%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小孢子囊（页面不存在）">小孢子囊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsporangia" class="extiw" title="en:Microsporangia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Microsporangia</span></a></span>）</span></span></span><span class="nowrap">（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="小孢子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Microspore"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%A2%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小孢子（页面不存在）">小孢子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microspore" class="extiw" title="en:Microspore"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Microspore</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A2%E5%AD%90%E5%9B%8A" title="孢子囊">大孢子囊</a><span class="nowrap">（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大孢子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Megaspore"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A2%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大孢子（页面不存在）">大孢子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaspore" class="extiw" title="en:Megaspore"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Megaspore</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A2%E5%AD%90" title="孢子">孢子</a>〕</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;;width:1%">命名和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="生物分类学">分類</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="植物分类学">植物分类学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物命名法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Botanical nomenclature"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物命名法（页面不存在）">植物命名法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanical_nomenclature" class="extiw" title="en:Botanical nomenclature"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Botanical nomenclature</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="植物學名">植物學名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%A2%BA%E5%90%8D%E7%A8%B1" title="正確名稱">正確名稱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E5%BC%95%E8%AF%81" title="植物学作者引证">作者引證</a></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%97%BB%E7%B1%BB%E3%80%81%E7%9C%9F%E8%8F%8C%E5%92%8C%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95%E8%A7%84" title="国际藻类、真菌和植物命名法规">國際藻類、真菌和植物命名法规</a>》</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="國際栽培植物命名法規" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A0%BD%E5%9F%B9%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國際栽培植物命名法規（页面不存在）">國際栽培植物命名法規</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants" class="extiw" title="en:International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants</span></a></span>）</span></span>》）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="栽培植物分類學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cultivated plant taxonomy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BD%E5%9F%B9%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="栽培植物分類學（页面不存在）">栽培植物分類學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultivated_plant_taxonomy" class="extiw" title="en:Cultivated plant taxonomy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cultivated plant taxonomy</span></a></span>）</span></span><span class="nowrap">〔<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="柑橘分類學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Citrus taxonomy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%91%E6%A9%98%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柑橘分類學（页面不存在）">柑橘分類學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_taxonomy" class="extiw" title="en:Citrus taxonomy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Citrus taxonomy</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BD%E5%9F%B9%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="栽培植物">栽培植物</a><span class="nowrap">（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BD%E5%9F%B9%E5%93%81%E7%A7%8D" title="栽培品种">栽培品种</a></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="品種群" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cultivar group"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%81%E7%A8%AE%E7%BE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="品種群（页面不存在）">品種群</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultivar_group" class="extiw" title="en:Cultivar group"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cultivar group</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Grex (園藝學)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Grex (horticulture)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grex_(%E5%9C%92%E8%97%9D%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grex (園藝學)（页面不存在）">Grex</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grex_(horticulture)" class="extiw" title="en:Grex (horticulture)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Grex (horticulture)</span></a></span>）</span></span>）〕</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="植物系統學史">植物系統學史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%A8%99%E6%9C%AC%E9%A4%A8" title="植物標本館">植物標本館</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="國際植物分類學會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International Association for Plant Taxonomy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國際植物分類學會（页面不存在）">國際植物分類學會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_for_Plant_Taxonomy" class="extiw" title="en:International Association for Plant Taxonomy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International Association for Plant Taxonomy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物分類系統列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of systems of plant taxonomy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物分類系統列表（页面不存在）">植物分類系統</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy" class="extiw" title="en:List of systems of plant taxonomy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of systems of plant taxonomy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E9%98%B6%E5%85%83" title="分类阶元">分类阶元</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;;width:1%">經營管理</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%AD%A6" title="农学">農藝學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="花卉栽培" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Floriculture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%B1%E5%8D%89%E6%A0%BD%E5%9F%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="花卉栽培（页面不存在）">花卉栽培</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floriculture" class="extiw" title="en:Floriculture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Floriculture</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%9A" title="林业">林业</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%AD%E8%89%BA" title="园艺">园艺</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;;width:1%">相關列表<br />和條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物學術語表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Glossary of botanical terms"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物學術語表（页面不存在）">植物學術語表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_botanical_terms" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of botanical terms"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glossary of botanical terms</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物命名人列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of botanists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物命名人列表（页面不存在）">植物命名人列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_botanists" class="extiw" title="en:List of botanists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of botanists</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="按命名人縮寫排列的植物命名人列表 (W–Z)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of botanists by author abbreviation (W–Z)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%89%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%BA%E7%B8%AE%E5%AF%AB%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%E7%9A%84%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8_(W%E2%80%93Z)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="按命名人縮寫排列的植物命名人列表 (W–Z)（页面不存在）">按命名人縮寫排列的植物命名人列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_botanists_by_author_abbreviation_(W%E2%80%93Z)" class="extiw" title="en:List of botanists by author abbreviation (W–Z)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of botanists by author abbreviation (W–Z)</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E8%80%83%E5%AF%9F" title="植物考察">植物考察</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rose_Amber_Flush_20070601.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Rose_Amber_Flush_20070601.jpg/16px-Rose_Amber_Flush_20070601.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Rose_Amber_Flush_20070601.jpg/24px-Rose_Amber_Flush_20070601.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Rose_Amber_Flush_20070601.jpg/32px-Rose_Amber_Flush_20070601.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="Portal:植物">主題</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="WikiProject:植物">專題</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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