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data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6f7b622" data-id="6f7b622" data-element_type="column" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-background-overlay"></div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b48de64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="b48de64" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">APOS Trends in Orthodontics</h1> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-86a8ecb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="86a8ecb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>ISSN (Print): 2321-4600, ISSN (Online): 2321-1407</p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b0e70ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="b0e70ea" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><strong>Frequency of publication</strong>: Quarterly | <strong>Language of publication</strong>: English<br /><strong>Starting year</strong>: 2011 | <strong>Format of publication</strong>: Print + Online</p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ff2f742 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="ff2f742" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>The journal is an orthodontic specialty journal and aims to provide its readers state of the art information on orthodontic advances both in the research and clinical arena.</p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a26c74f elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list" data-id="a26c74f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-list.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-icon-list-items"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-check"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Online submission</span> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-check"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Wider visibility through open access</span> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-check"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Higher impact with wider visibility</span> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-check"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Prompt review</span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b6c17bf" data-id="b6c17bf" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4b51cf8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="4b51cf8" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><b>Indexed in</b></p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0cd41ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="0cd41ac" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <a href="http://mjl.clarivate.com/cgi-bin/jrnlst/jlresults.cgi?PC=MASTER&Full=*APOS%20Trends%20in%20Orthodontics" target="_blank"> <img decoding="async" width="145" height="125" src="https://apospublications.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/12/eSCI.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-5082" alt="eSCI" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1b43b5" data-id="f1b43b5" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e15b98d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="e15b98d" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>We are accepting new</p><p>manuscripts, please submit your</p><p>manuscript to us</p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-92b68f0 elementor-align-center 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class="elementor-element elementor-element-b437d07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video" data-id="b437d07" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"youtube_url":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/rZR7klfivmo","video_type":"youtube","controls":"yes"}" data-widget_type="video.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline"> <div class="elementor-video"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1168ad2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="1168ad2" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4378ec8" data-id="4378ec8" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7cb73e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="7cb73e3" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-98c4754" data-id="98c4754" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7f2e313 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-media_image" data-id="7f2e313" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="wp-widget-media_image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="image " src="/elements/journal/APOS/cover.png" alt="APOS COVER IMAGE" width="334" height="428" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5f81657" data-id="5f81657" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ecc5b39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="ecc5b39" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Abstracting and Indexing Information</h4> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a2e8802 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="a2e8802" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-df1f5d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="df1f5d2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><p>The journal is indexed with, or included in the following:</br> Emerging Sources Citation Index, SCOPUS</p> <p> <ul> <li> <b>Impact Factor®</b> as reported in the 2023 Journal Citation Reports® (Clarivate Analytics 2024): <b> 0.5</b> </li> <li> <b>Scopus CiteScore 2023 </b>(as per SJR 2024): <b> 0.8</b> </li> </ul> </p> <p>The journal is registered with the following abstracting partners:<br>EBSCO, Google Scholar, CrossRef, ReadCube, Portico</p> <div class='row'><div style='width:20%;float: left;'><img src='/elements/images/eSCI.png' alt='Emerging Sources Citation Index' /></div><div style='width:20%;float: left;'><img src='/elements/images/scopus.png' alt='SCOPUS' /></div></div></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-92f93dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="92f93dd" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-231c3cd" data-id="231c3cd" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c22fc4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="c22fc4e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Recently Published Articles</h4> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7710b32 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="7710b32" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-43bccfe elementor-grid-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts" data-id="43bccfe" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"custom_columns":"1","custom_row_gap":{"unit":"px","size":0,"sizes":[]},"custom_columns_tablet":"2","custom_columns_mobile":"1","custom_row_gap_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"custom_row_gap_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]}}" data-widget_type="posts.custom"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="ecs-posts elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-grid elementor-posts--skin-custom" data-settings="{"current_page":1,"max_num_pages":3,"load_method":"","widget_id":"43bccfe","post_id":914,"theme_id":914,"change_url":false,"reinit_js":false}"> <article id="post-5821" class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-5821 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-editorial tag-editorial issue-2024-0-1 issue-2024-14-4 ast-article-single"> <div data-elementor-type="loop" data-elementor-id="1700" class="elementor elementor-1700 post-5821 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-editorial tag-editorial issue-2024-0-1 issue-2024-14-4 ast-article-single" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2c77769 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="2c77769" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-77ece09" data-id="77ece09" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3fb6209 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode" data-id="3fb6209" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="shortcode.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-shortcode"><a href='https://apospublications.com'><img src='https://apospublications.com/elements/journal/APOS/cover.png?1279894347' alt='APOS Trends in Orthodontics' title='APOS Trends in Orthodontics' style="max-width:75%;max-height:75%;width:auto;height:auto;border:1px solid #cccccc"></a></center></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1437265" data-id="1437265" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-33d3a86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="33d3a86" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>Editorial</p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6ad9239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading" data-id="6ad9239" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-title.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h5 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://apospublications.com/the-potential-health-hazards-associated-with-clear-aligners/">The potential health hazards associated with clear aligners</a></h5> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-bada339 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="bada339" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p> <span class='article-summary-author' style='color: gray !important;'>Enis Veseli, Kelvin Ian Afrashtehfar, Mohammad Kamran Khan, Kaltrina Veseli, Edon Behluli</span> </p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5cd1b08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="5cd1b08" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <span class='article-summary-doi' style='color: gray !important;'><a target='_blank' href='https://dx.doi.org/10.25259/APOS_125_2024'>DOI: 10.25259/APOS_125_2024</a></span><span class='__dimensions_badge_embed__' data-doi='10.25259/APOS_125_2024' data-style='small_rectangle'></span><script language='javascript' src='https://badge.dimensions.ai/badge.js' charset='utf-8'></script> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b2c69c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="b2c69c7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><a href='https://apospublications.com/the-potential-health-hazards-associated-with-clear-aligners/' class='pdf-icon-common'>Full text </a><a target='_blank' href='https://apospublications.com/the-potential-health-hazards-associated-with-clear-aligners/' class='new-window-icon'><img src='https://apospublications.com/new-window.png' width='10' height='10' alt='New Window Icon'> </a>| <a href='https://apospublications.com/view-pdf/?&article=05a7a2bf1d3f46e237ac45568fb070c2GOfhmSGTrX4=' class='pdf-icon-common'><img src='https://apospublications.com/pdf-icon-transparent-7.png' width='15' height='15' alt='PDF Icon'>PDF </a><a target='_blank' href='https://apospublications.com/view-pdf/?&article=05a7a2bf1d3f46e237ac45568fb070c2GOfhmSGTrX4=' class='new-window-icon'><img src='https://apospublications.com/new-window.png' width='10' height='10' alt='New Window Icon'> </a><br/></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea883fc" data-id="ea883fc" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6306891 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="6306891" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <span class='article-page-number' style='color: gray !important;'>p.201-202</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </article> <article id="post-5676" class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-5676 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-review-article tag-review-article issue-2024-0-1 issue-2024-14-4 ast-article-single"> <div data-elementor-type="loop" data-elementor-id="1700" class="elementor elementor-1700 post-5676 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-review-article tag-review-article issue-2024-0-1 issue-2024-14-4 ast-article-single" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2c77769 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="2c77769" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-77ece09" data-id="77ece09" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3fb6209 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode" data-id="3fb6209" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="shortcode.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-shortcode"><a href='/content/9/2024/14/4/img/APOS-14-203-g001.png' class='thickbox custome-thickbox' style='border:1px solid #ccc;'><img src='/content/9/2024/14/4/img/thumb_APOS-14-203-g001.webp' alt='Article figure' width='250' height='250'> </a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1437265" data-id="1437265" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-33d3a86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="33d3a86" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>Review Article</p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6ad9239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading" data-id="6ad9239" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-title.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h5 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://apospublications.com/three-dimensional-evaluation-of-dentoalveolar-and-skeletal-transverse-changes-between-rapid-maxillary-expansion-and-slow-maxillary-expansion-in-growing-subjects-a-systematic-review-and-meta-a/">Three-dimensional evaluation of dentoalveolar and skeletal transverse changes between rapid maxillary expansion and slow maxillary expansion in growing subjects – A systematic review and meta-analysis</a></h5> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-bada339 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="bada339" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p> <span class='article-summary-author' style='color: gray !important;'>Abirami Selvaraj, Ashwin Mathew George, Prasanna Arvind</span> </p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5cd1b08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="5cd1b08" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <span class='article-summary-doi' style='color: gray !important;'><a target='_blank' href='https://dx.doi.org/10.25259/APOS_180_2022'>DOI: 10.25259/APOS_180_2022</a></span><span class='__dimensions_badge_embed__' data-doi='10.25259/APOS_180_2022' data-style='small_rectangle'></span><script language='javascript' src='https://badge.dimensions.ai/badge.js' charset='utf-8'></script> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b2c69c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="b2c69c7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><a href='https://apospublications.com/three-dimensional-evaluation-of-dentoalveolar-and-skeletal-transverse-changes-between-rapid-maxillary-expansion-and-slow-maxillary-expansion-in-growing-subjects-a-systematic-review-and-meta-a/' class='pdf-icon-common'>Full text </a><a target='_blank' href='https://apospublications.com/three-dimensional-evaluation-of-dentoalveolar-and-skeletal-transverse-changes-between-rapid-maxillary-expansion-and-slow-maxillary-expansion-in-growing-subjects-a-systematic-review-and-meta-a/' class='new-window-icon'><img src='https://apospublications.com/new-window.png' width='10' height='10' alt='New Window Icon'> </a>| <a href='https://apospublications.com/view-pdf/?&article=43757a36c5ce1e4d5ad4bd3efc4ea386ebrTpZfIsGs=' class='pdf-icon-common'><img src='https://apospublications.com/pdf-icon-transparent-7.png' width='15' height='15' alt='PDF Icon'>PDF </a><a target='_blank' href='https://apospublications.com/view-pdf/?&article=43757a36c5ce1e4d5ad4bd3efc4ea386ebrTpZfIsGs=' class='new-window-icon'><img src='https://apospublications.com/new-window.png' width='10' height='10' alt='New Window Icon'> </a><br/></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea883fc" data-id="ea883fc" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6306891 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="6306891" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <span class='article-page-number' style='color: gray !important;'>p.203-213</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </article> <article id="post-5787" class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-5787 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-review-article tag-review-article issue-2024-0-1 issue-2024-14-4 ast-article-single"> <div data-elementor-type="loop" data-elementor-id="1700" class="elementor elementor-1700 post-5787 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-review-article tag-review-article issue-2024-0-1 issue-2024-14-4 ast-article-single" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2c77769 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="2c77769" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-77ece09" data-id="77ece09" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3fb6209 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode" data-id="3fb6209" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="shortcode.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-shortcode"><a href='/content/9/2024/14/4/img/APOS-14-214-g001.png' class='thickbox custome-thickbox' style='border:1px solid #ccc;'><img src='/content/9/2024/14/4/img/thumb_APOS-14-214-g001.webp' alt='Article figure' width='250' height='250'> </a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1437265" data-id="1437265" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-33d3a86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="33d3a86" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>Review Article</p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6ad9239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading" data-id="6ad9239" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-title.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h5 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://apospublications.com/clinical-and-molecular-factors-associated-with-external-apical-root-resorption-by-orthodontics-umbrella-review/">Clinical and molecular factors associated with external apical root resorption by orthodontics: Umbrella review</a></h5> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-bada339 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="bada339" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p> <span class='article-summary-author' style='color: gray !important;'>Eliana Lucena Pineda Vélez, Daniela Alzate Rivera, Ana María Salgado Amaya, Juan C. Hernandez, David Arboleda Toro, Natalia Vélez Trujillo</span> </p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5cd1b08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="5cd1b08" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <span class='article-summary-doi' style='color: gray !important;'><a target='_blank' href='https://dx.doi.org/10.25259/APOS_176_2022'>DOI: 10.25259/APOS_176_2022</a></span><span class='__dimensions_badge_embed__' data-doi='10.25259/APOS_176_2022' data-style='small_rectangle'></span><script language='javascript' src='https://badge.dimensions.ai/badge.js' charset='utf-8'></script> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b2c69c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="b2c69c7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><a href='https://apospublications.com/clinical-and-molecular-factors-associated-with-external-apical-root-resorption-by-orthodontics-umbrella-review/' class='pdf-icon-common'>Full text </a><a target='_blank' href='https://apospublications.com/clinical-and-molecular-factors-associated-with-external-apical-root-resorption-by-orthodontics-umbrella-review/' class='new-window-icon'><img src='https://apospublications.com/new-window.png' width='10' height='10' alt='New Window Icon'> </a>| <a href='https://apospublications.com/view-pdf/?&article=2ceac76b9f00dab2d774e3c8d1403b31Fc/YwKEv7XM=' class='pdf-icon-common'><img src='https://apospublications.com/pdf-icon-transparent-7.png' width='15' height='15' alt='PDF Icon'>PDF </a><a target='_blank' href='https://apospublications.com/view-pdf/?&article=2ceac76b9f00dab2d774e3c8d1403b31Fc/YwKEv7XM=' class='new-window-icon'><img src='https://apospublications.com/new-window.png' width='10' height='10' alt='New Window Icon'> </a><br/></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea883fc" data-id="ea883fc" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6306891 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="6306891" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <span class='article-page-number' style='color: gray !important;'>p.214-224</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </article> <article id="post-5516" class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-5516 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-original-article tag-original-article issue-2024-0-1 issue-2024-14-4 ast-article-single"> <div data-elementor-type="loop" data-elementor-id="1700" class="elementor elementor-1700 post-5516 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-original-article tag-original-article issue-2024-0-1 issue-2024-14-4 ast-article-single" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2c77769 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="2c77769" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-77ece09" data-id="77ece09" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3fb6209 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode" data-id="3fb6209" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="shortcode.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-shortcode"><a href='/content/9/2024/14/4/img/APOS-14-225-g001.png' class='thickbox custome-thickbox' style='border:1px solid #ccc;'><img src='/content/9/2024/14/4/img/thumb_APOS-14-225-g001.webp' alt='Article figure' width='250' height='250'> </a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1437265" data-id="1437265" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-33d3a86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="33d3a86" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>Original Article</p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6ad9239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading" data-id="6ad9239" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-title.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h5 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://apospublications.com/comparison-of-stress-relaxation-properties-between-3-dimensional-printed-and-thermoformed-orthodontic-aligners-a-pilot-study-of-in-vitro-simulation-of-two-consecutive-8-hours-force-application/">Comparison of stress relaxation properties between 3-dimensional printed and thermoformed orthodontic aligners: A pilot study of <i>in vitro</i> simulation of two consecutive 8-hours force application</a></h5> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-bada339 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="bada339" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p> <span class='article-summary-author' style='color: gray !important;'>Francesca Cremonini, Luca Brucculeri, Filippo Pepe, Mario Palone, Luca Lombardo</span> </p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5cd1b08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="5cd1b08" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <span class='article-summary-doi' style='color: gray !important;'><a target='_blank' href='https://dx.doi.org/10.25259/APOS_201_2023'>DOI: 10.25259/APOS_201_2023</a></span><span class='__dimensions_badge_embed__' data-doi='10.25259/APOS_201_2023' data-style='small_rectangle'></span><script language='javascript' src='https://badge.dimensions.ai/badge.js' charset='utf-8'></script> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b2c69c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="b2c69c7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><a href='https://apospublications.com/comparison-of-stress-relaxation-properties-between-3-dimensional-printed-and-thermoformed-orthodontic-aligners-a-pilot-study-of-in-vitro-simulation-of-two-consecutive-8-hours-force-application/' class='pdf-icon-common'>Full text </a><a target='_blank' href='https://apospublications.com/comparison-of-stress-relaxation-properties-between-3-dimensional-printed-and-thermoformed-orthodontic-aligners-a-pilot-study-of-in-vitro-simulation-of-two-consecutive-8-hours-force-application/' class='new-window-icon'><img src='https://apospublications.com/new-window.png' width='10' height='10' alt='New Window Icon'> </a>| <a href='https://apospublications.com/view-pdf/?&article=8f915c7d8589310e2b7d322900148c8fnhbq5ZOixvc=' class='pdf-icon-common'><img src='https://apospublications.com/pdf-icon-transparent-7.png' width='15' height='15' alt='PDF Icon'>PDF </a><a target='_blank' 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data-elementor-type="footer" data-elementor-id="819" class="elementor elementor-819 elementor-location-footer" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-683f515c elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle" data-id="683f515c" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-79c7f564" data-id="79c7f564" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-07454af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="07454af" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> © Copyright 2024 – APOS Trends in Orthodontics – All rights reserved. <br> Published by <a style="color: #fff;" href="https://scientificscholar.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Scientific Scholar</a> on behalf of <a style="color: #fff;"href="https://www.asianpacificortho.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Asian Pacific Orthodontic Society</a>, Singapore. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-40a7952" data-id="40a7952" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-027fe90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="027fe90" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><strong>ISSN (Print):</strong> 2321-4600<br /><strong>ISSN (Online):</strong> 2321-1407</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> 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document.getElementsByTagName(TagName); for (var i=0; i<Els.length; i++){ if (Show == true){ Els[i].style.display = 'inline'; } else{ Els[i].style.display = 'none'; } } } } function HideFeedback(){ document.getElementById('FeedbackDiv').style.display = 'none'; ShowElements(true, 'input'); ShowElements(true, 'select'); ShowElements(true, 'object'); if (Finished == true){ Finish(); } } //GENERAL UTILITY FUNCTIONS AND VARIABLES //PAGE DIMENSION FUNCTIONS function PageDim(){ //Get the page width and height this.W = 600; this.H = 400; this.W = document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0].clientWidth; this.H = document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0].clientHeight; } var pg = null; function GetPageXY(El) { var XY = {x: 0, y: 0}; while(El){ XY.x += El.offsetLeft; XY.y += El.offsetTop; El = El.offsetParent; } return XY; } function GetScrollTop(){ if (document.documentElement && document.documentElement.scrollTop){ return document.documentElement.scrollTop; } else{ if (document.body){ return document.body.scrollTop; } else{ return window.pageYOffset; } } } function GetViewportHeight(){ if (window.innerHeight){ return window.innerHeight; } else{ return document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0].clientHeight; } } function TopSettingWithScrollOffset(TopPercent){ var T = Math.floor(GetViewportHeight() * (TopPercent/100)); return GetScrollTop() + T; } //CODE FOR AVOIDING LOSS OF DATA WHEN BACKSPACE KEY INVOKES history.back() var InTextBox = false; function SuppressBackspace(e){ if (InTextBox == true){return;} if (C.ie) { thisKey = window.event.keyCode; } else { thisKey = e.keyCode; } var Suppress = false; if (thisKey == 8) { Suppress = true; } if (Suppress == true){ if (C.ie){ window.event.returnValue = false; window.event.cancelBubble = true; } else{ e.preventDefault(); } } } if (C.ie){ document.attachEvent('onkeydown',SuppressBackspace); window.attachEvent('onkeydown',SuppressBackspace); } else{ if (window.addEventListener){ window.addEventListener('keypress',SuppressBackspace,false); } } function ReduceItems(InArray, ReduceToSize){ var ItemToDump=0; var j=0; while (InArray.length > ReduceToSize){ ItemToDump = Math.floor(InArray.length*Math.random()); InArray.splice(ItemToDump, 1); } } function Shuffle(InArray){ var Num; var Temp = new Array(); var Len = InArray.length; var j = Len; for (var i=0; i<Len; i++){ Temp[i] = InArray[i]; } for (i=0; i<Len; i++){ Num = Math.floor(j * Math.random()); InArray[i] = Temp[Num]; for (var k=Num; k < (j-1); k++) { Temp[k] = Temp[k+1]; } j--; } return InArray; } function WriteToInstructions(Feedback) { document.getElementById('InstructionsDiv').innerHTML = Feedback; } function EscapeDoubleQuotes(InString){ return InString.replace(/"/g, '"') } function TrimString(InString){ var x = 0; if (InString.length != 0) { while ((InString.charAt(InString.length - 1) == '\u0020') || (InString.charAt(InString.length - 1) == '\u000A') || (InString.charAt(InString.length - 1) == '\u000D')){ InString = InString.substring(0, InString.length - 1) } while ((InString.charAt(0) == '\u0020') || (InString.charAt(0) == '\u000A') || (InString.charAt(0) == '\u000D')){ InString = InString.substring(1, InString.length) } while (InString.indexOf(' ') != -1) { x = InString.indexOf(' ') InString = InString.substring(0, x) + InString.substring(x+1, InString.length) } return InString; } else { return ''; } } function FindLongest(InArray){ if (InArray.length < 1){return -1;} var Longest = 0; for (var i=1; i<InArray.length; i++){ if (InArray[i].length > InArray[Longest].length){ Longest = i; } } return Longest; } //UNICODE CHARACTER FUNCTIONS function IsCombiningDiacritic(CharNum){ var Result = (((CharNum >= 0x0300)&&(CharNum <= 0x370))||((CharNum >= 0x20d0)&&(CharNum <= 0x20ff))); Result = Result || (((CharNum >= 0x3099)&&(CharNum <= 0x309a))||((CharNum >= 0xfe20)&&(CharNum <= 0xfe23))); return Result; } function IsCJK(CharNum){ return ((CharNum >= 0x3000)&&(CharNum < 0xd800)); } //SETUP FUNCTIONS //BROWSER WILL REFILL TEXT BOXES FROM CACHE IF NOT PREVENTED function ClearTextBoxes(){ var NList = document.getElementsByTagName('input'); for (var i=0; i<NList.length; i++){ if ((NList[i].id.indexOf('Guess') > -1)||(NList[i].id.indexOf('Gap') > -1)){ NList[i].value = ''; } if (NList[i].id.indexOf('Chk') > -1){ NList[i].checked = ''; } } } //EXTENSION TO ARRAY OBJECT function Array_IndexOf(Input){ var Result = -1; for (var i=0; i<this.length; i++){ if (this[i] == Input){ Result = i; } } return Result; } Array.prototype.indexOf = Array_IndexOf; //IE HAS RENDERING BUG WITH BOTTOM NAVBAR function RemoveBottomNavBarForIE(){ if ((C.ie)&&(document.getElementById('Reading') != null)){ if (document.getElementById('BottomNavBar') != null){ document.getElementById('TheBody').removeChild(document.getElementById('BottomNavBar')); } } } //HOTPOTNET-RELATED CODE var HPNStartTime = (new Date()).getTime(); var SubmissionTimeout = 30000; var Detail = ''; //Global that is used to submit tracking data function Finish(){ //If there's a form, fill it out and submit it if (document.store != null){ Frm = document.store; Frm.starttime.value = HPNStartTime; Frm.endtime.value = (new Date()).getTime(); Frm.mark.value = Score; Frm.detail.value = Detail; Frm.submit(); } } //JCROSS CORE JAVASCRIPT CODE var InGap = false; var CurrentBox = null; var Feedback = ''; var AcrossCaption = ''; var DownCaption = ''; var Correct = 'Correct! Well done.'; var Incorrect = 'Some of your answers are incorrect. Incorrect squares have been blanked out.'; var GiveHint = 'A correct letter has been added.'; var YourScoreIs = 'Your score is '; var BuiltGrid = ''; var BuiltExercise = ''; var Penalties = 0; var Score = 0; var InTextBox = false; var Locked = false; var TimeOver = false; var InputStuff = '<form method="post" action="" onsubmit="return false;"><span class="ClueNum">[strClueNum]: </span>'; InputStuff += '[strClue] <input onfocus="CurrentBox=this;InTextBox=true;" onblur="InTextBox=false;" id="[strBoxId]" type="edit" size="[strEditSize]" maxlength="[strMaxLength]"></input>'; InputStuff += '<button class="FuncButton" onfocus="FuncBtnOver(this)" onblur="FuncBtnOut(this)" onmouseover="FuncBtnOver(this)" onmouseout="FuncBtnOut(this)" onmousedown="FuncBtnDown(this)" onmouseup="FuncBtnOut(this)" onclick="EnterGuess([strParams])">Enter</button>'; InputStuff += '<button class="FuncButton" onfocus="FuncBtnOver(this)" onblur="FuncBtnOut(this)" onmouseover="FuncBtnOver(this)" onmouseout="FuncBtnOut(this)" onmousedown="FuncBtnDown(this)" onmouseup="FuncBtnOut(this)" onclick="ShowHint([strParams])">Hint</button>'; InputStuff += '</form>'; var CurrBoxElement = null; var Finished = false; function StartUp(){ RemoveBottomNavBarForIE(); //Show a keypad if there is one (added bugfix for 6.0.4.12) if (document.getElementById('CharacterKeypad') != null){ document.getElementById('CharacterKeypad').style.display = 'block'; } AcrossCaption = document.getElementById('CluesAcrossLabel').innerHTML; DownCaption = document.getElementById('CluesDownLabel').innerHTML; } function GetAnswerLength(Across,x,y){ Result = 0; if (Across == false){ while ((x<L.length)&&(L[x][y].length > 0)){ Result += L[x][y].length; x++; } return Result; } else{ while ((y<L[x].length)&&(L[x][y].length > 0)){ Result += L[x][y].length; y++; } return Result; } } function GetEditSize(Across,x,y){ var Len = GetAnswerLength(Across,x,y); if (IsCJK(L[x][y].charCodeAt(0))){ Len *= 2; } return Len; } function ShowClue(ClueNum,x,y){ var Result = ''; var Temp; var strParams; var Clue = document.getElementById('Clue_A_' + ClueNum); if (Clue != null){ Temp = InputStuff.replace(/\[ClueNum\]/g, ClueNum); Temp = Temp.replace(/\[strClueNum\]/g, AcrossCaption + ' ' + ClueNum); strParams = 'true,' + ClueNum + ',' + x + ',' + y + ',\'[strBoxId]\''; Temp = Temp.replace(/\[strParams\]/g, strParams); Temp = Temp.replace(/\[strBoxId\]/g, 'GA_' + ClueNum + '_' + x + '_' + y); Temp = Temp.replace(/\[strEditSize\]/g, GetEditSize(true,x,y)); Temp = Temp.replace(/\[strMaxLength\]/g, GetAnswerLength(true,x,y)); Temp = Temp.replace(/\[strClue\]/g, Clue.innerHTML, Temp); Result += Temp; } Clue = document.getElementById('Clue_D_' + ClueNum); if (Clue != null){ Temp = InputStuff.replace(/\[ClueNum\]/g, ClueNum); Temp = Temp.replace(/\[strClueNum\]/g, DownCaption + ' ' + ClueNum); strParams = 'false,' + ClueNum + ',' + x + ',' + y + ',\'[strBoxId]\''; Temp = Temp.replace(/\[strParams\]/g, strParams); Temp = Temp.replace(/\[strBoxId\]/g, 'GD_' + ClueNum + '_' + x + '_' + y); Temp = Temp.replace(/\[strEditSize\]/g, GetAnswerLength(false,x,y)); Temp = Temp.replace(/\[strClue\]/g, Clue.innerHTML, Temp); Result += Temp; } document.getElementById('ClueEntry').innerHTML = Result; } function EnterGuess(Across,ClueNum,x,y,BoxId){ if (document.getElementById(BoxId) != null){ var Guess = document.getElementById(BoxId).value; var AnsLength = GetAnswerLength(Across,x,y); EnterAnswer(Guess,Across,AnsLength,x,y); } } function SplitStringToPerceivedChars(InString, PC){ var Temp = InString.charAt(0); if (InString.length > 1){ for (var i=1; i<InString.length; i++){ if (IsCombiningDiacritic(InString.charCodeAt(i)) == true){ Temp += InString.charAt(i); } else{ PC.push(Temp); Temp = InString.charAt(i); } } } PC.push(Temp); } function EnterAnswer(Guess,Across,AnsLength,x,y){ Guess = Guess.toUpperCase(); var PC = new Array(); SplitStringToPerceivedChars(Guess, PC); var i=x; var j=y; var Letter = 0; while (Letter < AnsLength){ if (Letter < PC.length){ G[i][j] = PC[Letter]; if (document.getElementById('L_' + i + '_' + j) != null){ document.getElementById('L_' + i + '_' + j).innerHTML = PC[Letter]; } } if (Across == true){ j++; } else{ i++; } Letter++; } } function SetGridSquareValue(x,y,Val){ var GridId = 'L_' + x + '_' + y; if (document.getElementById(GridId) != null){ document.getElementById(GridId).innerHTML = Val; } } function ShowHint(Across,ClueNum,x,y,BoxId){ var i=x; var j=y; var OutString = ''; if (Across==true){ while (j<L[i].length){ if (L[i][j] != ''){ OutString += L[i][j]; if (G[i][j] != L[i][j]){ G[i][j] = L[i][j]; Penalties++; break; } } else{ break; } j++; } } else{ while (i<L.length){ if (L[i][j] != ''){ OutString += L[i][j]; if (G[i][j] != L[i][j]){ G[i][j] = L[i][j]; Penalties++; break; } } else{ break; } i++; } } if (document.getElementById(BoxId) != null){ document.getElementById(BoxId).value = OutString; } } L = new Array(); L[0] = new Array('S','T','A','V','U','D','I','N','E','','','','','','','','','','','A'); L[1] = new Array('','','C','','','','','','','','','','U','','','D','','','','C'); L[2] = new Array('D','O','N','O','V','A','N','O','S','I','S','','M','','','U','','','','K'); L[3] = new Array('','','E','','','','','','','','','','B','','','T','','','','E'); L[4] = new Array('A','M','I','N','O','L','E','V','U','L','I','N','I','C','A','C','I','D','','R'); L[5] = new Array('','','N','','','','','','','','','','L','','','H','','','','M'); L[6] = new Array('','','V','','','','','S','H','E','S','K','I','N','','E','','M','','A'); L[7] = new Array('','N','E','M','O','','','','','','','','C','','','R','','O','','N'); L[8] = new Array('','','R','','','','','','N','','','','U','','','B','','R','','S'); L[9] = new Array('','','S','P','I','E','G','L','E','R','','','S','','G','O','L','T','Z','S'); L[10] = new Array('','','A','','','','','','V','','','','','','','D','','O','','Y'); L[11] = new Array('P','','','','C','E','L','L','U','L','I','T','E','','','I','','N','','N'); L[12] = new Array('T','','','','','','','','S','','','','','','','E','','S','','D'); L[13] = new Array('E','','','B','E','X','A','R','O','T','E','N','E','','','S','','','','R'); L[14] = new Array('R','','','','','','','','F','','','','','','B','','','','','O'); L[15] = new Array('I','','','E','N','T','O','M','O','P','H','O','B','I','A','','','','','M'); L[16] = new Array('D','','','','','','','','T','','','','','','N','','','','','E'); L[17] = new Array('I','N','F','L','I','X','I','M','A','B','','','','','K','','','','',''); L[18] = new Array('N','','','','','','','','','','','','','','E','','','','',''); L[19] = new Array('E','','','','H','O','F','F','M','A','N','N','Z','U','R','H','E','L','L','E'); CL = new Array(); CL[0] = new Array(1,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3); CL[1] = new Array(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,0,0,5,0,0,0,0); CL[2] = new Array(6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0); CL[3] = new Array(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0); CL[4] = new Array(7,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0); CL[5] = new Array(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0); CL[6] = new Array(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,8,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,0); CL[7] = new Array(0,10,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0); CL[8] = new Array(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0); CL[9] = new Array(0,0,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,13,0,0,0,0,0); CL[10] = new Array(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0); CL[11] = new Array(14,0,0,0,15,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0); CL[12] = new Array(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0); CL[13] = new Array(0,0,0,16,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0); CL[14] = new Array(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,17,0,0,0,0,0); CL[15] = new Array(0,0,0,18,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0); CL[16] = new Array(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0); CL[17] = new Array(19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0); CL[18] = new Array(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0); CL[19] = new Array(0,0,0,0,20,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0); G = new Array(); G[0] = new Array('','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','',''); G[1] = new Array('','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','',''); G[2] = new Array('','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','',''); G[3] = new Array('','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','',''); G[4] = new Array('','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','',''); G[5] = new Array('','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','',''); G[6] = new Array('','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','',''); G[7] = new Array('','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','',''); G[8] = new Array('','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','',''); G[9] = new Array('','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','',''); G[10] = new Array('','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','',''); G[11] = new Array('','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','',''); G[12] = new Array('','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','',''); G[13] = new Array('','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','',''); G[14] = new Array('','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','',''); G[15] = new Array('','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','',''); G[16] = new Array('','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','',''); G[17] = new Array('','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','',''); G[18] = new Array('','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','','',''); 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Frm.starttime.value = HPNStartTime; Frm.endtime.value = (new Date()).getTime(); Frm.mark.value = Score; Frm.submit(); } } function TypeChars(Chars){ if (CurrentBox != null){ CurrentBox.value += Chars; } } </script> <div class="elementor-shortcode"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-50bcf2b" data-id="50bcf2b" data-element_type="column" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-895870d elementor-nav-menu__align-end elementor-nav-menu--stretch elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-mobile elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu" data-id="895870d" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"full_width":"stretch","submenu_icon":{"value":"<i class=\"\"><\/i>","library":""},"layout":"horizontal"}" data-widget_type="nav-menu.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <nav aria-label="Menu" class="elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-none"> <ul id="menu-1-895870d" class="elementor-nav-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://scientificscholar.com/permissions.php?rand=1942092190" class="elementor-item" target="_blank">Permissions</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-980"><a href="https://apospublications.com/disclaimer/" title=" " class="elementor-item menu-link">Disclaimer</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1006"><a href="https://apospublications.com/guidelines-for-reviewers/" title=" " class="elementor-item menu-link">For Reviewers</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-983"><a href="https://apospublications.com/ethical-guidelines/" title=" " class="elementor-item menu-link">Ethical Guidelines</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-982"><a href="https://apospublications.com/contactus/" title=" " class="elementor-item menu-link">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1005"><a href="https://apospublications.com/advertise/" title=" " class="elementor-item menu-link">Advertise</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container" aria-hidden="true"> <ul id="menu-2-895870d" class="elementor-nav-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://scientificscholar.com/permissions.php?rand=1221098385" class="elementor-item" target="_blank">Permissions</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-980"><a href="https://apospublications.com/disclaimer/" title=" " class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Disclaimer</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1006"><a href="https://apospublications.com/guidelines-for-reviewers/" title=" " class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">For Reviewers</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-983"><a href="https://apospublications.com/ethical-guidelines/" title=" " class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Ethical Guidelines</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-982"><a href="https://apospublications.com/contactus/" title=" " class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1005"><a href="https://apospublications.com/advertise/" title=" " class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Advertise</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div id="cookie-law-info-bar" data-nosnippet="true"><span><div class="cli-bar-container cli-style-v2"><div class="cli-bar-message">We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. 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