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En présence de :</span></p> <details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary><strong>Bruno Andreotti</strong></summary> <p>Physicien, professeur à l’Université Paris-Cité et chercheur au département de physique de l’École normale supérieure, ses travaux de physique statistique et de physique non-linéaire portent sur des domaines aussi variés que la nervation des feuilles, la transmission des virus respiratoires, la nucléation de gouttes de pluie dans les nuages, en passant par la géomorphologie des dunes martiennes. Co-organisateur du séminaire de politiques des sciences à l’EHESS et membre de RogueESR, il plaide entre autres pour l’autonomie et la responsabilité du monde savant vis à vis de la société. </p> </details> <details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary><strong>Aurélie Biancarelli</strong></summary> <p>Adjointe au maire de Marseille, déléguée à la recherche, à la vie étudiante et à l’enseignement supérieur, élue (PCF) sous la bannière du Printemps marseillais. De formation scientifique, elle a soutenu une thèse de doctorat sur la modélisation des diagrammes de phases des nano-alliages. Elle a également été attachée parlementaire du député communiste Pierre Darrhéville (2019-2020). En tant qu’adjointe au maire, elle est impliquée sur les actions de lutte contre la précarité étudiante (alimentation, logement, numérique).</p> <p></p> </details> <details class="wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow"><summary><strong>Muriel Le Roux</strong></summary> <p>Historienne au CNRS, directrice-adjointe de l’IHMC. Après avoir étudié l’histoire de l’innovation et de la R&D des industries chimiques, elle a étudié son pendant académique à travers l’histoire de la chimie des substances naturelles du CNRS faisant émerger une interaction continue entre les deux monde depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle.  Cette connaissance sur la longue durée (1880 à nous jours) des processus de recherche l’a conduite à s’intéresser aux politiques publiques mises en œuvre qui éclairent la genèse de l’éco-système de la recherche en France en la comparant avec ce qui s’est produit ailleurs en Europe ou aux Etats-Unis.</p> </details> <p><span style="font-weight: 400">Voici les questions que nous avons posées à nos trois invité·es : </span></p> <ol> <li style="font-weight: 400"><span style="font-weight: 400">L’image d’Épinal de la science est qu’elle serait un champ parfaitement autonome, notamment vis-à-vis du politique, ce qui garantirait la liberté académique – liberté qui serait mise en péril depuis la fin du XXè s. par des politiques économiques poussant à l’innovation, soutenues par une volonté des pouvoirs étatiques de déterminer les axes de recherche. En réalité, à travers l’histoire des sciences, celles-ci ont toujours été prises dans des relations contraignantes avec le politique mais également la sphère économique. Sans remonter à la création des académies au XVIIè s., pourriez-vous détailler ces rapports entre sphères scientifique, politique et économique dans un passé plus récent ?</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400"><span style="font-weight: 400">Depuis la Seconde guerre mondiale au moins, les scientifiques, autant que les politiques dans leur rapport à la science, sont pris dans une tension caractérisée par Muriel Le Roux de la manière suivante : “On est toujours à la marge de quelque chose qu’on ne veut pas faire” – que cela se manifeste dans la pratique scientifique seulement (ex. financement par projet), dans l’activité politique que peut avoir un scientifique (ex. RogueESR) ou dans l’activité scientifique que peut avoir une personnalité politique (ex. manifestations scientifiques). Pourriez-vous détailler plus concrètement comment s’exprime cette tension dans votre activité professionnelle et en quoi elle résulte d’un contexte politique et économique particulier ? Quel serait selon vous le juste positionnement du monde académique vis-à-vis du monde politique et vis-à-vis de la société ?</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400"><span style="font-weight: 400">De vos témoignages, il émerge que le scientifique et le politique sont deux cultures distinctes et qui peinent à s’adresser l’une à l’autre – des cultures qui nécessitent des intermédiaires comme vous l’êtes chacun à votre manière. D’après vos expériences à cette interface, pourquoi pensez-vous que la parole scientifique est inaudible ? Pourquoi les scientifiques ne sont pas pris au sérieux ?</span></li> </ol> <p> </p> <nav class="pagination group"> </nav> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </article> </div> </main> <div class="sidebar s1 collapsed" data-position="right" data-layout="col-2cl" data-sb-id="s1"> <button class="sidebar-toggle" title="Étendre la colonne latérale"><i class="fas sidebar-toggle-arrows"></i></button> <div class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-top group"> <p>Suivre :</p> </div> <div id="hal-publications-2" class="widget wphal-publications">Publications HAL<ul class="widhal-ul"><li class="widhal-li"><a href="https://hal.science/hal-05008178v1" target="_blank">OpenEdition Lab</a></li><li class="widhal-li"><a href="https://hal.science/hal-04992187v1" target="_blank">La découvrabilité comme "prise" - Pratiques de détournement du moteur de recherche de Gallica</a></li><li class="widhal-li"><a href="https://hal.science/hal-04889146v2" target="_blank">STAGE - Ethics Report n°1</a></li><li 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