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Radiocarbon dates at the burial site estimate that the individuals were interred around 5,000 to 3,000 BP (3,000 to 1,000 BCE). In the earliest periods of the Black Marsh occupation, individuals were buried in an extended position facing north if on the east side of the site and south if on the west side. Observations by researchers suggest that individuals were not interned based on their sex or age, leading some archaeologists to assume a more culturally significant reason.<ref>Jelmer W. Eerkens, Eric J. Bartelink, Karen S. Gardner & Randy S. Wiberg (2013) The Evolution of a Cemetery: Rapid Change in Burial Practices in a Middle Holocene Site in Central Alta California, California Archaeology, 5:1, 3-35, DOI: 10.1179/1947461X13Z.0000000005</ref> In 1982, the California court case ''[[Wana the Bear v. Community Construction]]'' sided with developers in the destruction of a [[Miwok]] burial ground in [[Stockton, California]]. Over 600 burial remains were removed for a residential development and the Miwok had no power to stop development or to the remains of their ancestors, since Native American burial grounds were not legally considered cemeteries. The has been referred to as [[ethnocentrism]] in [[Settler colonialism|settler colonial]] law.<ref name="Wunder-1996">{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/878405503 |title=Native American cultural and religious freedoms |date=1996 |others=John R. Wunder |isbn=978-1-135-63126-0 |location=New York |pages=647–49 |oclc=878405503}}</ref><ref name="Echo-Hawk-2010">{{Cite book |last=Echo-Hawk |first=Walter |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/646788565 |title=In the Courts of the Conqueror : the 10 Worst Indian Law Cases Ever Decided. |date=2010 |publisher=Fulcrum |isbn=978-1-55591-788-3 |location=New York |oclc=646788565}}</ref> The paved site of the [[West Berkeley Shellmound]] continues to be threatened by housing developments and has become a significant site of contention in the San Francisco Bay Area.<ref name="Uyeda-2021">{{Cite magazine |last1=Uyeda |first1=Ray Levy |last2=Martin |first2=Nick |last3=Martin |first3=Nick |last4=Rosenthal |first4=Tracy |last5=Rosenthal |first5=Tracy |last6=Pandell |first6=Lexi |last7=Pandell |first7=Lexi |last8=O'Donnell |first8=James |last9=O'Donnell |first9=James |date=2021-12-09 |title=When California's Housing Push Clashes With Indigenous Rights |magazine=The New Republic |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/164675/shellmound-berkeley-housing-indigenous-rights |access-date=2022-12-28 |issn=0028-6583}}</ref> Numerous [[Tongva]] village sites and burial grounds continue to be desecrated from developments in the [[Greater Los Angeles Area|greater Los Angeles area]],<ref name="Loewe-2016">{{Cite book |last=Loewe |first=Ronald |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/950751182 |title=Of sacred lands and strip malls : the battle for Puvungna |date=2016 |isbn=978-0-7591-2162-1 |location=Lanham, MD |pages= |oclc=950751182}}</ref> such as the unearthing of 400 burials at [[Guashna]] for a development in [[Playa Vista, Los Angeles|Playa Vista]] in 2004.<ref name="Lin-2004">{{Cite web |last=Lin |first=Sara |date=2004-03-21 |title=State Decries Removal of Remains |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-mar-21-me-playa21-story.html |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> The [[Acjachemen]] sacred village site of [[Putiidhem]] was desecrated and buried underneath [[JSerra Catholic High School]] in 2003 despite protests from the people.<ref name="Gottlieb-2012">{{Cite book |last=Gottlieb |first=Alma |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639 |title=The restless anthropologist : new fieldsites, new visions |date=2012 |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-30497-7 |location=Chicago |pages=63–65 |oclc=780446639}}</ref> A recurring issue that biological archaeologists face is, during the prehistoric/historic period and late period, Malibu was a common burial site for Indigenous Californians. This makes it nearly impossible to separate the remains of individuals who lived during the historic period and those who were buried before the Europeans arrived.<ref>Walker, P. L., Drayer, F. J., & Siefkin, S. (1996). Malibu human skeletal remains: a bioarchaeological analysis. Report to the Resource Management Division. 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