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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Lapas redaktoriem, kuri nav pieslēgušies <a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Ievads" aria-label="Uzzini vairāk par rediģēšanu"><span>uzzināt vairāk</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="Labojumi, kas veikti no šīs IP adreses [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Devums</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Diskusija par labojumiem, kas izdarīti no šīs IP adreses [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusijas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vietne"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Saturs" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Saturs</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Sākums</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kosmosa_robeža" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kosmosa_robeža"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kosmosa robeža</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kosmosa_robeža-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temperatūra_un_slāņi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temperatūra_un_slāņi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Temperatūra un slāņi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temperatūra_un_slāņi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spiediens_un_blīvums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spiediens_un_blīvums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Spiediens un blīvums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spiediens_un_blīvums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vēsture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vēsture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vēsture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vēsture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Pārslēgt Vēsture apakšsadaļu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vēsture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pirmā_atmosfēra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pirmā_atmosfēra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Pirmā atmosfēra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pirmā_atmosfēra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Otrā_atmosfēra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Otrā_atmosfēra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Otrā atmosfēra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Otrā_atmosfēra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trešā_atmosfēra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trešā_atmosfēra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Trešā atmosfēra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trešā_atmosfēra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skatīt_arī" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skatīt_arī"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Skatīt arī</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skatīt_arī-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atsauces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atsauces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Atsauces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atsauces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ārējās_saites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ārējās_saites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ārējās saites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ārējās_saites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Saturs" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pārslēgt satura rādītāju" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pārslēgt satura rādītāju</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zemes atmosfēra</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pāriet uz rakstu citā valodā. Pieejams 130 valodās" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-130" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">130 valodas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarde_se_atmosfeer" title="Aarde se atmosfeer – afrikandu" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aarde se atmosfeer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikandu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdatmosph%C3%A4re" title="Erdatmosphäre – Šveices vācu" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Erdatmosphäre" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Šveices vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A8%E1%89%A3%E1%89%A2_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%AD" title="ከባቢ አየር – amharu" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ከባቢ አየር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A" title="غلاف الأرض الجوي – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غلاف الأرض الجوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%B1%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2" title="পৃথিৱীৰ বায়ুমণ্ডল – asamiešu" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পৃথিৱীৰ বায়ুমণ্ডল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atm%C3%B3sfera_terrestre" title="Atmósfera terrestre – astūriešu" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Atmósfera terrestre" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astūriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="हवा – avadhu" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="हवा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerin_atmosferi" title="Yerin atmosferi – azerbaidžāņu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yerin atmosferi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="یئرین آتموسفری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یئرین آتموسفری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Ер атмосфераһы – baškīru" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ер атмосфераһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškīru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDem%C4%97s_atmuosp%C4%97ra" title="Žemės atmuospėra – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Žemės atmuospėra" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Атмасфера Зямлі – baltkrievu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Атмасфера Зямлі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltkrievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%84%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Атмасфэра Зямлі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Атмасфэра Зямлі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Атмосфера на Земята – bulgāru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Атмосфера на Земята" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2" title="वायुमंडल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="वायुमंडल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2" title="পৃথিবীর বায়ুমণ্ডল – bengāļu" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পৃথিবীর বায়ুমণ্ডল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosferenn" title="Atmosferenn – bretoņu" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Atmosferenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemljina_atmosfera" title="Zemljina atmosfera – bosniešu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zemljina atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_terrestre" title="Atmosfera terrestre – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Atmosfera terrestre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%A9" title="تەوشک – centrālkurdu" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەوشک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centrālkurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A9ra_Zem%C4%9B" title="Atmosféra Země – čehu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Atmosféra Země" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čehu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%95%D1%80_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Çĕр атмосфери – čuvašu" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çĕр атмосфери" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvašu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosffer_y_Ddaear" title="Atmosffer y Ddaear – velsiešu" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Atmosffer y Ddaear" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velsiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordens_atmosf%C3%A6re" title="Jordens atmosfære – dāņu" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jordens atmosfære" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdatmosph%C3%A4re" title="Erdatmosphäre – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erdatmosphäre" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewa" title="Hewa – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hewa" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Ατμόσφαιρα της Γης – grieķu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ατμόσφαιρα της Γης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grieķu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth" title="Atmosphere of Earth – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Atmosphere of Earth" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tera_atmosfero" title="Tera atmosfero – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tera atmosfero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atm%C3%B3sfera_terrestre" title="Atmósfera terrestre – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Atmósfera terrestre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A4%C3%A4r" title="Atmosfäär – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Atmosfäär" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurraren_atmosfera" title="Lurraren atmosfera – basku" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lurraren atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="اتمسفر زمین – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اتمسفر زمین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmakeh%C3%A4" title="Ilmakehä – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ilmakehä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%95hkkund" title="Õhkkund – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Õhkkund" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosph%C3%A8re_terrestre" title="Atmosphère terrestre – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Atmosphère terrestre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfeere" title="Atmosfeere – ziemeļfrīzu" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Atmosfeere" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ziemeļfrīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampkring" title="Dampkring – rietumfrīzu" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dampkring" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="rietumfrīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmaisf%C3%A9ar_an_Domhain" title="Atmaisféar an Domhain – īru" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Atmaisféar an Domhain" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="īru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_terrestre" title="Atmosfera terrestre – galisiešu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Atmosfera terrestre" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sararin_Samaniya_na_Duniya" title="Sararin Samaniya na Duniya – hausu" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sararin Samaniya na Duniya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5" title="אטמוספירת כדור הארץ – ivrits" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אטמוספירת כדור הארץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2" title="पृथ्वी का वायुमण्डल – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पृथ्वी का वायुमण्डल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemljina_atmosfera" title="Zemljina atmosfera – horvātu" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zemljina atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A8_Lat%C3%A8" title="Atmosfè Latè – haitiešu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Atmosfè Latè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A9%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Երկրի մթնոլորտ – armēņu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկրի մթնոլորտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphera_terrestre" title="Atmosphera terrestre – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Atmosphera terrestre" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfer_Bumi" title="Atmosfer Bumi – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Atmosfer Bumi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ter-atmosfero" title="Ter-atmosfero – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ter-atmosfero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gufuhvolf" title="Gufuhvolf – islandiešu" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gufuhvolf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_terrestre" title="Atmosfera terrestre – itāļu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Atmosfera terrestre" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%97" title="地球の大気 – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地球の大気" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfier_a_Oert" title="Atmosfier a Oert – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Atmosfier a Oert" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swasana" title="Swasana – javiešu" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Swasana" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="დედამიწის ატმოსფერო – gruzīnu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დედამიწის ატმოსფერო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera – karakalpaku" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpaku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Жер атмосферасы – kazahu" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жер атмосферасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B" title="ខ្យល់ – khmeru" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ខ្យល់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%B2" title="ಭೂಮಿಯ ವಾಯುಮಂಡಲ – kannadu" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭೂಮಿಯ ವಾಯುಮಂಡಲ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0%EA%B6%8C" title="지구 대기권 – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지구 대기권" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="labs raksts"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Жер атмосферасы – kirgīzu" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жер атмосферасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%ABr" title="Aër – latīņu" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aër" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latīņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosph%C3%A4r_vun_der_%C3%84erd" title="Atmosphär vun der Äerd – luksemburgiešu" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Atmosphär vun der Äerd" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_terr%C3%A8stra" title="Atmosfera terrèstra – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Atmosfera terrèstra" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%81" title="ບັນຍາກາດຂອງໂລກ – laosiešu" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ບັນຍາກາດຂອງໂລກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDem%C4%97s_atmosfera" title="Žemės atmosfera – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žemės atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfer" title="Atmosfer – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Atmosfer" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soson-drivotry_ny_tany" title="Soson-drivotry ny tany – malagasu" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Soson-drivotry ny tany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Земјина атмосфера – maķedoniešu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Земјина атмосфера" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maķedoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%82" title="ഭൗമാന്തരീക്ഷം – malajalu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭൗമാന്തരീക്ഷം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Дэлхийн агаар мандал – mongoļu" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дэлхийн агаар мандал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="पृथ्वीचे वातावरण – marathu" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पृथ्वीचे वातावरण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_Bumi" title="Atmosfera Bumi – malajiešu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Atmosfera Bumi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF" title="ကမ္ဘာ့လေထု – birmiešu" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကမ္ဘာ့လေထု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampkring" title="Dampkring – lejassakšu" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Dampkring" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lejassakšu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2" title="पृथ्वीको वायुमण्डल – nepāliešu" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पृथ्वीको वायुमण्डल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepāliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aardatmosfeer" title="Aardatmosfeer – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aardatmosfeer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordatmosf%C3%A6ren" title="Jordatmosfæren – jaunnorvēģu" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jordatmosfæren" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="jaunnorvēģu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordens_atmosf%C3%A6re" title="Jordens atmosfære – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jordens atmosfære" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A8ra_terr%C3%A8stra" title="Atmosfèra terrèstra – oksitāņu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Atmosfèra terrèstra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qilleensa_Marsaa" title="Qilleensa Marsaa – oromu" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Qilleensa Marsaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%A5%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%B3" title="ପୃଥିବୀର ବାୟୁମଣ୍ଡଳ – oriju" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପୃଥିବୀର ବାୟୁମଣ୍ଡଳ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B2" title="ਧਰਤੀ ਦਾ ਵਾਯੂਮੰਡਲ – pandžabu" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਧਰਤੀ ਦਾ ਵਾਯੂਮੰਡਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_di_mundu" title="Atmosfera di mundu – papjamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Atmosfera di mundu" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papjamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_Ziemi" title="Atmosfera Ziemi – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Atmosfera Ziemi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7" title="ہوا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہوا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7" title="هوا – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هوا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_da_Terra" title="Atmosfera da Terra – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Atmosfera da Terra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayra_pacha" title="Wayra pacha – kečvu" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wayra pacha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečvu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_da_la_terra" title="Atmosfera da la terra – retoromāņu" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Atmosfera da la terra" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoromāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului" title="Atmosfera Pământului – rumāņu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Atmosfera Pământului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Атмосфера Земли – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Атмосфера Земли" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="पृथिव्याः वायुमण्डलम् – sanskrits" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पृथिव्याः वायुमण्डलम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera – sardīniešu" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_o_Yird" title="Atmosphere o Yird – skotu" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Atmosphere o Yird" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%A7" title="ھوا – sindhu" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ھوا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemljina_atmosfera" title="Zemljina atmosfera – serbu–horvātu" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zemljina atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbu–horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="පෘථිවි වායුගෝලය – singāļu" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පෘථිවි වායුගෝලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth" title="Atmosphere of Earth – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Atmosphere of Earth" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A9ra_Zeme" title="Atmosféra Zeme – slovāku" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Atmosféra Zeme" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovāku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozra%C4%8Dje" title="Ozračje – slovēņu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ozračje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eenn%C3%A2m_%C3%A1imukerdi" title="Eennâm áimukerdi – Inari sāmu" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Eennâm áimukerdi" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari sāmu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_e_Tok%C3%ABs" title="Atmosfera e Tokës – albāņu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Atmosfera e Tokës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemljina_atmosfera" title="Zemljina atmosfera – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Zemljina atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84id-Atmosph%C3%A4re" title="Äid-Atmosphäre – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Äid-Atmosphäre" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiati" title="Wiati – zundu" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Wiati" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="zundu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordens_atmosf%C3%A4r" title="Jordens atmosfär – zviedru" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jordens atmosfär" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="zviedru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="புவியின் வளிமண்டலம் – tamilu" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புவியின் வளிமண்டலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82" title="భూమి వాతావరణం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భూమి వాతావరణం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Атмосфераи Замин – tadžiku" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Атмосфераи Замин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81" title="บรรยากาศของโลก – taju" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บรรยากาศของโลก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera – turkmēņu" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCnya_atmosferi" title="Dünya atmosferi – turku" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dünya atmosferi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Атмосфера – tatāru" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Атмосфера" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Атмосфера – tuviešu" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Атмосфера" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Музъемлэн атмосфераез – udmurtu" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Музъемлэн атмосфераез" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Атмосфера Землі – ukraiņu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Атмосфера Землі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%82_%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7" title="زمینی کرۂ ہوا – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زمینی کرۂ ہوا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera – uzbeku" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%AD_quy%E1%BB%83n_Tr%C3%A1i_%C4%90%E1%BA%A5t" title="Khí quyển Trái Đất – vjetnamiešu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khí quyển Trái Đất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfeer_(Eirde)" title="Atmosfeer (Eirde) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Atmosfeer (Eirde)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%B1%82" title="地球大气层 – vu ķīniešu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="地球大气层" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%93%27%D7%A1_%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="ערד'ס אטמאספער – jidišs" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ערד'ס אטמאספער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidišs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="labs raksts"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oj%C3%BA%E1%BB%8D%CC%80run_ay%C3%A9" title="Ojúọ̀run ayé – jorubu" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ojúọ̀run ayé" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfe%C3%AAr" title="Atmosfeêr – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Atmosfeêr" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%B1%82" title="地球大气层 – ķīniešu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="地球大气层" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%93-ki%C3%BB_%C3%AA_t%C4%81i-kh%C3%AC-khoan" title="Tē-kiû ê tāi-khì-khoan – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tē-kiû ê tāi-khì-khoan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" title="地球大氣層 – kantoniešu" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="地球大氣層" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umoyambulunga_Womhlaba" title="Umoyambulunga Womhlaba – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" 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class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3230" title="Saistītais Vikidatu ieraksts [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ieraksts Vikidatos</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lapas rīki"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izskats"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izskats</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipēdijas lapa</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lv" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><span class="hatnote noexcerpt">Šis raksts ir par planētas Zeme atmosfēru. Par citām jēdziena <b>atmosfēra</b> nozīmēm skatīt <a href="/wiki/Atmosf%C4%93ra_(noz%C4%ABmju_atdal%C4%AB%C5%A1ana)" class="mw-disambig" title="Atmosfēra (nozīmju atdalīšana)">nozīmju atdalīšanas lapu</a>.</span></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:AtmosferaSlani.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/a/a2/AtmosferaSlani.png" decoding="async" width="161" height="954" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="161" data-file-height="954" /></a><figcaption>Atmosfēras slāņi - neatbilst mērogam</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Zemes atmosfēra</b> ir ap <a href="/wiki/Zeme" title="Zeme">Zemi</a> esošais <a href="/wiki/G%C4%81ze" title="Gāze">gāzu</a> apvalks, ko Zemes tuvumā notur <a href="/wiki/Gravit%C4%81cija" title="Gravitācija">gravitācijas</a> spēks. </p><p>Atmosfēra Zemes virsmas tuvumā sastāv galvenokārt no šādām gāzēm: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sl%C4%81peklis" title="Slāpeklis">slāpeklis</a> — 78%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C4%81beklis" title="Skābeklis">skābeklis</a> — 21%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argons" title="Argons">argons</a> — 0,93%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oglek%C4%BCa_dioks%C4%ABds" title="Oglekļa dioksīds">oglekļa dioksīds</a> — 0,04%</li></ul> <p>kā arī no daudz mazāka daudzuma citu gāzu. Atmosfērā vidēji ap 3% veido arī <a href="/wiki/%C5%AAdens_tvaiks" title="Ūdens tvaiks">ūdens tvaiks</a>. Šo gāzu maisījumu ikdienā sauc par <a href="/wiki/Gaiss" title="Gaiss">gaisu</a>. </p><p>Absorbējot daļu <a href="/wiki/Saules_radi%C4%81cija" title="Saules radiācija">Saules radiācijas</a> un izlīdzinot dienas un nakts temperatūras starpību atmosfēra sargā Zemes dzīvību. Tā kalpo arī par organismiem nepieciešamo gāzu — skābekļa un ogļskābās gāzes — piegādātāju un par svarīgu <a href="/wiki/%C5%AAdens_cikls" title="Ūdens cikls">ūdens cikla</a> vides daļu. Atmosfēras vidējā temperatūra pie Zemes virsmas ir 14 °C. Kopējā atmosfēras masa ir ap 5 148 triljoni tonnu. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kosmosa_robeža"><span id="Kosmosa_robe.C5.BEa"></span>Kosmosa robeža</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Kosmosa robeža" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra&action=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Kosmosa robeža"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nepastāv krasi izteikta robeža starp atmosfēru un <a href="/wiki/Kosmisk%C4%81_telpa" title="Kosmiskā telpa">atklātu kosmosu</a>. Aizvien augstāk paceļoties un attālinoties no Zemes, atmosfēra kļūst aizvien retinātāka, līdz atmosfēras daļiņas vairs nav sastopamas. Trīs ceturtdaļas atmosfēras masas atrodas līdz 11 kilometru augstumam. Savukārt, <a href="/wiki/Kosmiskais_apar%C4%81ts" title="Kosmiskais aparāts">kosmiskajam aparātam</a> tuvojoties Zemei, atmosfērai raksturīgos efektus var sākt just 120 kilometru augstumā. Bieži par atmosfēras augšējo robežu uzskata <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81rm%C4%81na_l%C4%ABnija" title="Kārmāna līnija">Kārmāna līniju</a>, kas atrodas 100 kilometru augstumā. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temperatūra_un_slāņi"><span id="Temperat.C5.ABra_un_sl.C4.81.C5.86i"></span>Temperatūra un slāņi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Temperatūra un slāņi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra&action=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Temperatūra un slāņi"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zemes atmosfēras <a href="/wiki/Temperat%C5%ABra" title="Temperatūra">temperatūra</a> mainās, mainoties <a href="/wiki/Augstums" class="mw-disambig" title="Augstums">augstumam</a>. Matemātiskā attiecība starp temperatūru un augstumu mainās un pēc šī faktora atmosfēru var iedalīt septiņos slāņos: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Troposf%C4%93ra" title="Troposfēra">Troposfēra</a> (no <a href="/wiki/Grie%C4%B7u_valoda" title="Grieķu valoda">grieķu</a> <i>τρέπω</i> — "jaukt") — atmosfēras apakšējais slānis, kas sākas no Zemes virsmas. Pie poliem tā augstums ir ap 7 km un pie ekvatora — ap 14 km. Tā augstumu var ietekmēt <a href="/wiki/Laikapst%C4%81k%C4%BCi" title="Laikapstākļi">laikapstākļi</a>. Troposfērai raksturīga gaisa masu vertikālā sajaukšanās, kas notiek tāpēc, ka Saule sasilda Zemes virsmu, mainot gaisa siltumu un attiecīgi arī — tilpumu. Iesilušās gaisa masas paceļas augstāk, izdalot <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latentais_siltums&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latentais siltums (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">latento siltumu</a>, kas veicina gaisa masas tālāko pacelšanos. Šis process turpinās tik ilgi, līdz gaisā vairs nav <a href="/wiki/%C5%AAdens_tvaiks" title="Ūdens tvaiks">ūdens tvaika</a>. Troposfērā pieaugot augstumam, gaisa temperatūra kopumā samazinās, jo, samazinoties gāzes blīvumam, notiek tās atdzišana.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozonosf%C4%93ra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ozonosfēra">Ozonosfēra</a> — Zemes atmosfēras daļa, kas satur salīdzinoši daudz <a href="/wiki/Ozons" title="Ozons">ozona</a>. Zemes atmosfērai nav blīva ozona slānīša — ozonosfērā ir vairākas ozona daļas uz miljonu citu gāzu daļām. Tas ir ievērojami vairāk, kā atmosfēras apakšējos slāņos. Ozonosfēra atrodas stratosfēras apakšējā daļā 15—25 km augstumā, taču ozona saturs tajā mainās atkarībā no gadalaika un ģeogrāfiskās atrašanās vietas.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratosf%C4%93ra" title="Stratosfēra">Stratosfēra</a> — atmosfēras slānis, kura apakšējā robeža atrodas 7—17 km augstumā un augšējā — aptuveni 50 km augstumā. Šajā slānī līdz ar augstumu pieaug arī gaisa temperatūra.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezosf%C4%93ra" title="Mezosfēra">Mezosfēra</a> — atmosfēras slānis no aptuveni 50 līdz 80—85 km augstumam. Šeit temperatūra līdz ar augstumu samazinās.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termosf%C4%93ra" title="Termosfēra">Termosfēra</a> — atmosfēras slāņos no 80—85 līdz 640 un vairāk kilometru augstumam. Temperatūra līdz ar augstumu palielinās. Maksimālā temperatūra te var sasniegt 1700 °C, bet gaisa spiediens ir ļoti mazs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonosf%C4%93ra" title="Jonosfēra">Jonosfēra</a> — termosfērā ietilpstoša atmosfēras daļa, kur gāzes daļiņas Saules radiācijas dēļ atrodas jonizētā stāvoklī. Tā veido <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetosf%C4%93ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetosfēra (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">magnetosfēras</a> iekšējo daļu. Jonosfērai ir arī praktiska nozīme — tā ietekmē radioviļņu izplatīšanos, bez kosmisko pavadoņu palīdzības ļaujot apraidīt attālas vietas.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eksosf%C4%93ra" title="Eksosfēra">Eksosfēra</a> — atrodas augstumā no 500 km līdz 10 000 km. Sastāv no gāzu daļiņām, kas brīvi pārvietojas, atstājot Zemes pievilkšanas robežas vai iekļūstot <a href="/wiki/Saules_v%C4%93j%C5%A1" title="Saules vējš">Saules vējam</a>.</li></ol> <p>Robežas starp šiem slāņiem attiecīgi sauc: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropopauze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropopauze (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">tropopauze</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stratopauze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stratopauze (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">stratopauze</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezopauze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mezopauze (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">mezopauze</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Termopauze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termopauze (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">termopauze</a> un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksob%C4%81ze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eksobāze (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">eksobāze</a>. </p><p>Līdz aptuveni 100 km augstumam — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbopauze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turbopauze (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">turbopauzei</a> — Zemes atmosfērai ir vairāk vai mazāk nemainīgs ķīmiskais sastāvs — tāpēc šo daļu sauc arī par <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homosf%C4%93ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homosfēra (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">homosfēru</a>. Toties virs 100 km augstuma Zemes atmosfēras ķīmiskais sastāvs mainās, mainoties augstumam. Šeit, nokļūstot aizvien augstāk, straujāk samazinās slāpekļa un skābekļa daudzums un līdz ar to pieaug <a href="/wiki/H%C4%93lijs" title="Hēlijs">hēlija</a> un <a href="/wiki/%C5%AAde%C5%86radis" title="Ūdeņradis">ūdeņraža</a> saturs. Šo slāni sauc par <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heterosf%C4%93ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heterosfēra (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">heterosfēru</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spiediens_un_blīvums"><span id="Spiediens_un_bl.C4.ABvums"></span>Spiediens un blīvums</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļu: Spiediens un blīvums" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra&action=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Spiediens un blīvums"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vidējais atmosfēras spiediens <a href="/wiki/J%C5%ABras_l%C4%ABmenis" title="Jūras līmenis">jūras līmenī</a> ir ap 101,3 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilopask%C4%81ls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kilopaskāls (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kilopaskāli</a>. </p><p>Atmosfēras spiediens ir tiešs tās gaisa masas spiediens, kas atrodas virs jebkura objekta. Taču lielākā daļa gaisa masas atrodas Zemei tuvākajā atmosfēras slānī — troposfērā — un troposfērā gaisa blīvums un masa mainās, mainoties laikapstākļiem un ģeogrāfijai — arī atmosfēras spiediens mainās atkarībā no laika un vietas. Piemēram, paceļoties kalnos 5,6 km augstumā, ap 50% atmosfēras masas jau paliek lejpusē un atmosfēras spiediens ir par 50% mazāks. Paceļoties vēl par tādu pašu augstumu, spiediens samazinās vēl uz pusi. </p><p>90% atmosfēras masas paliek lejpusē, sasniedzot 16 km augstumu, bet 99,99997% — sasniedzot 100 kilometru augstumu. Lidmašīna <a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">X-15</a> <a href="/wiki/1963" class="mw-redirect" title="1963">1963</a>. gadā sasniedza 108 kilometru augstumu. </p><p>Gaisa <a href="/wiki/Bl%C4%ABvums" title="Blīvums">blīvums</a> jūras līmeņa augstumā ir ap 1,2 kg/m³ jeb 1,2 g/l. Arī šis rādītājs laikapstākļu ietekmē mainās, taču šīs izmaiņas atmosfēras zemākajos slāņos ir samērā mazas. </p><p>Pieaugot augstumam, atmosfēras blīvums samazinās. Šo variāciju var aptuveni modelēt, izmantojot <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barometrisk%C4%81_formula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barometriskā formula (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">barometrisko formulu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vēsture"><span id="V.C4.93sture"></span>Vēsture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļu: Vēsture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra&action=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Vēsture"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maz zināms par Zemes atmosfēru pirms vairāk kā miljards gadiem, taču pēdējo miljards gadu vēsture balstās uz salīdzinoši stingra faktu un analīzes pamata. Mūsdienu atmosfēra nereti tiek dēvēta par Zemes "trešo atmosfēru", norādot uz ķīmiskajām atšķirībām no divām agrākām atmosfēras attīstības fāzēm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pirmā_atmosfēra"><span id="Pirm.C4.81_atmosf.C4.93ra"></span>Pirmā atmosfēra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļu: Pirmā atmosfēra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra&action=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Pirmā atmosfēra"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sākotnējā — "pirmā" — atmosfēra Zemes attīstības pašās pirmajās fāzēs sastāvēja galvenokārt no ūdeņraža un hēlija. Joprojām izkusušās <a href="/wiki/Zemes_garoza" title="Zemes garoza">Zemes garozas</a> siltums un Saules vējš šo atmosfēru izkliedēja kosmiskajā telpā. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Otrā_atmosfēra"><span id="Otr.C4.81_atmosf.C4.93ra"></span>Otrā atmosfēra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļu: Otrā atmosfēra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra&action=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Otrā atmosfēra"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Pinatubo91eruption_plume.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Pinatubo91eruption_plume.jpg/220px-Pinatubo91eruption_plume.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Pinatubo91eruption_plume.jpg/330px-Pinatubo91eruption_plume.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Pinatubo91eruption_plume.jpg/440px-Pinatubo91eruption_plume.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2875" data-file-height="1923" /></a><figcaption>Pinatubo vulkāna izvirdums 1991. gadā. Vulkānu izvirdumos atmosfērā nonāk liels daudzums gāzu</figcaption></figure> <p>Aptuveni pirms 4,4 miljardiem gadu Zemes virsma bija atdzisusi un sacietējusi, taču joprojām turpinājās ļoti aktīva <a href="/wiki/Vulk%C4%81ns" title="Vulkāns">vulkāniskā</a> darbība, kuras rezultātā izdalījās tvaiks, oglekļa dioksīds un amonjaks. Šādi izveidojās "otrā atmosfēra", kas sastāvēja galvenokārt no ūdens tvaika un oglekļa dioksīda, atmosfērā bija arī nedaudz slāpekļa, taču praktiski nebija skābekļa. Otrās atmosfēras gāzu tilpums bija ap 100 reizes lielāks kā mūsdienu atmosfērai, taču, tai atdziestot, oglekļa dioksīds izšķīda okeānā un nogulsnējās kā <a href="/wiki/Karbon%C4%81ts" class="mw-redirect" title="Karbonāts">karbonātu</a> nogulumi. Savā attīstības beigu posmā "otrā atmosfēra" saturēja slāpekli, oglekļa dioksīdu un, iespējams, līdz 40% ūdeņraža. Augstais oglekļa dioksīda un <a href="/wiki/Met%C4%81ns" title="Metāns">metāna</a> saturs atmosfērā veicināja <a href="/wiki/Siltumn%C4%ABcas_efekts" title="Siltumnīcas efekts">siltumnīcas efektu</a> un uz Zemes bija ievērojami siltāks, nekā tagad. Iespējams, pirms 2,7 miljardiem gadu uz Zemes vidējā temperatūra bija virs 70° C. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trešā_atmosfēra"><span id="Tre.C5.A1.C4.81_atmosf.C4.93ra"></span>Trešā atmosfēra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļu: Trešā atmosfēra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra&action=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Trešā atmosfēra"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Viens no senākajiem baktēriju veidiem ir <a href="/wiki/Cianobakt%C4%93rijas" class="mw-redirect" title="Cianobaktērijas">cianobaktērijas</a>, kuras eksistēja vismaz pirms 3,3 miljardiem gadu. Šie bija pirmie organismi, kas ražoja skābekli, pakāpeniski Zemes bezskābekļa atmosfēru pārvēršot par skābekli saturošu atmosfēru. Šis process risinājās pirms 2,7—2,2 miljardiem gadu. </p><p>Atbrīvojoties skābeklim, veidojās arī liels daudzums <a href="/wiki/Ogleklis" title="Ogleklis">oglekļa</a>, kas uzkrājās <a href="/wiki/Fosil%C4%81_degviela" class="mw-redirect" title="Fosilā degviela">fosilajā degvielā</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nogulumie%C5%BEi" title="Nogulumieži">nogulumiežos</a> (galvenokārt <a href="/wiki/Ka%C4%BC%C4%B7akmens" title="Kaļķakmens">kaļķakmenī</a> un <a href="/wiki/Dolom%C4%ABts" title="Dolomīts">dolomītā</a>) un organismu cietajās čaulās. Atmosfērā nonākušais skābeklis savukārt reaģēja ar amonjaku un reakcijas rezultātā atbrīvojās slāpeklis. Arī baktēriju darbības rezultātā no amonjaka izdalījās slāpeklis. Tomēr lielākā daļa mūsdienu atmosfēras slāpekļa veidojusies <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotol%C4%ABze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotolīze (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">fotolīzes</a> procesā no vulkānu izmestā amonjaka. </p><p>Vēlāk attīstījās <a href="/wiki/Augi" title="Augi">augi</a>, kas spēja veikt <a href="/wiki/Fotosint%C4%93ze" title="Fotosintēze">fotosintēzes</a> reakciju. Augu darbība skābekļa saturu atmosfērā palielināja būtiski, vienlaikus krasi samazinot oglekļa dioksīda saturu. Sākotnēji skābeklis tika patērēts ķīmiskajās reakcijās (piemēram, ar <a href="/wiki/Dzelzs" title="Dzelzs">dzelzi</a>), taču ar laiku tas sāka uzkrāties atmosfērā, novedot pie viena veida organismu <a href="/wiki/Masveida_izmir%C5%A1ana" title="Masveida izmiršana">masveida izmiršanas</a> un paverot ceļu citu attīstībai. </p><p>Ar laiku atmosfērā izveidojās <a href="/wiki/Ozona_sl%C4%81nis" title="Ozona slānis">ozona slānis</a> (ozons ir skābekļa <a href="/wiki/Alotrops" class="mw-redirect" title="Alotrops">alotrops</a>), kas sniedza dzīvajām būtnēm krietni vien labāku aizsardzību no kosmiskā starojuma, galvenokārt ultravioletā starojuma. </p><p>Šo skābekļa — slāpekļa atmosfēru dēvē par "trešo atmosfēru". Pirms 200—250 miljoniem gadu skābekļa saturs atmosfērā bija būtiski augstāks kā mūsdienās — līdz 35% — par to liecina atmosfēras ieslēgumi sena <a href="/wiki/Dzintars" title="Dzintars">dzintara</a> paraugos. </p><p>Mūsdienu atmosfēras ķīmisko saturu uztur sarežģīts procesu kopums. Atmosfērā esošais skābeklis O<sub>2</sub> tiek iesaistīts oksidācijas reakcijās. Ķīmisko reakciju rezultātā skābeklis no gaisa pazustu dažu miljonu gadu laikā, savukārt ogļskābā gāze jau tūkstoš gadu laikā būtu izšķīdusi okeānā. Abu šo vielu saturu gaisā uztur galvenokārt dzīvo organismu un ģeoloģisko procesu darbība, nodrošinot relatīvu atmosfēras stabilitāti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skatīt_arī"><span id="Skat.C4.ABt_ar.C4.AB"></span>Skatīt arī</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Labot sadaļu: Skatīt arī" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra&action=edit&section=8" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Skatīt arī"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zem%C4%81_Zemes_orb%C4%ABta" title="Zemā Zemes orbīta">Zemā Zemes orbīta</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atsauces">Atsauces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Labot sadaļu: Atsauces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra&action=edit&section=9" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Atsauces"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.png/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.png/30px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.png/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align:center;;"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Šim rakstam ir nepieciešamas <a href="/wiki/Pal%C4%ABdz%C4%ABba:Atsauces" title="Palīdzība:Atsauces">atsauces uz ārējiem avotiem</a>.</b> <br /><small>Lūdzu, palīdzi <a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra&action=edit">uzlabot šo rakstu</a>, pievienojot vismaz vienu atsauci. <a href="/wiki/Diskusija:Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra" title="Diskusija:Zemes atmosfēra">Diskusijā</a> var parādīties dažādi ieteikumi. Vairāk lasi <a href="/wiki/Pal%C4%ABdz%C4%ABba:%C4%AAsa_lieto%C5%A1anas_pam%C4%81c%C4%ABba" title="Palīdzība:Īsa lietošanas pamācība">lietošanas pamācībā</a>.</small><br /><small><i>Meklēt atsauces:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.lv/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Zemes+atmosf%C4%93ra%22&num=50">"Zemes atmosfēra"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.google.com/archivesearch?&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22Zemes+atmosf%C4%93ra%22">ziņas</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Zemes+atmosf%C4%93ra%22">grāmatas</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Zemes+atmosf%C4%93ra%22"><i>scholar</i></a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.google.com/images?safe=off&as_rights=(cc_publicdomain%7ccc_attribute%7ccc_sharealike%7ccc_noncommercial%7ccc_nonderived)&q=%22Zemes+atmosf%C4%93ra%22">brīvi attēli</a></span></small><div class="hide-when-compact"></div><div class="hide-when-compact"></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3201466">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text{text-align:left!important}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{display:inline-block}</style> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ārējās_saites"><span id=".C4.80r.C4.93j.C4.81s_saites"></span>Ārējās saites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Labot sadaļu: Ārējās saites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra&action=edit&section=10" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ārējās saites"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vikikr%C4%81tuve" title="Vikikrātuve">Vikikrātuvē</a> par šo tēmu ir pieejami <a href="/wiki/Multivides" title="Multivides">multivides</a> faili. Skatīt: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Earth%27s_atmosphere" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Earth's atmosphere">Zemes atmosfēra</a></b></i>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=44601">Mūsdienu Ukrainas enciklopēdijas raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(ukrainiski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/ATMOSFERA_ZEMLI.html">Enciklopēdijas <i>Krugosvet</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(krieviski)</span></li></ul> <table cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent; width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:90%; border: solid 1px #aaaaaa"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="8" style="background-color:#99CFB7; width:100%; border-bottom: solid 1px #aaaaaa"><b><a href="/wiki/Zeme" title="Zeme">Zemes</a> "sfēras"</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th bgcolor="#eceeee" style="width:16%; border-bottom: solid 1px #aaaaaa; border-right: solid 1px #aaaaaa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetosf%C4%93ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetosfēra (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Magnetosfēra</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8" colspan="7" style="border-bottom: solid 1px #aaaaaa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plazmasf%C4%93ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plazmasfēra (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Plazmasfēra</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th bgcolor="#eceeee" style="border-bottom: solid 1px #aaaaaa; border-right: solid 1px #aaaaaa"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Atmosfēra</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8" style="width:10%; border-bottom: solid 1px #aaaaaa"><a href="/wiki/Troposf%C4%93ra" title="Troposfēra">Troposfēra</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8" style="width:10%; border-bottom: solid 1px #aaaaaa"><a href="/wiki/Stratosf%C4%93ra" title="Stratosfēra">Stratosfēra</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8" style="width:11%; border-bottom: solid 1px #aaaaaa"><a href="/wiki/Ozona_sl%C4%81nis" title="Ozona slānis">Ozonosfēra</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8" style="width:16%; border-bottom: solid 1px #aaaaaa"><a href="/wiki/Mezosf%C4%93ra" title="Mezosfēra">Mezosfēra</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8" style="width:17%; border-bottom: solid 1px #aaaaaa"><a href="/wiki/Termosf%C4%93ra" title="Termosfēra">Termosfēra</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8" style="width:10%; border-bottom: solid 1px #aaaaaa"><a href="/wiki/Jonosf%C4%93ra" title="Jonosfēra">Jonosfēra</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8" style="width:10%; border-bottom: solid 1px #aaaaaa"><a href="/wiki/Eksosf%C4%93ra" title="Eksosfēra">Eksosfēra</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th bgcolor="#eceeee" style="border-bottom: solid 1px #aaaaaa; border-right: solid 1px #aaaaaa"><a href="/wiki/Biosf%C4%93ra" title="Biosfēra">Biosfēra</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid 1px #aaaaaa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noosf%C4%93ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noosfēra (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Noosfēra</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid 1px #aaaaaa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideosf%C4%93ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ideosfēra (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Ideosfēra</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid 1px #aaaaaa"><a href="/wiki/Infosf%C4%93ra" title="Infosfēra">Infosfēra</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8" style="border-bottom: solid 1px #aaaaaa"><a href="/wiki/Kibertelpa" title="Kibertelpa">Kibertelpa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th bgcolor="#eceeee" style="border-bottom: solid 1px #aaaaaa; border-right: solid 1px #aaaaaa"><a href="/wiki/Hidrosf%C4%93ra" title="Hidrosfēra">Hidrosfēra</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8" colspan="7" style="border-bottom: solid 1px #aaaaaa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kriosf%C4%93ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kriosfēra (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Kriosfēra</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th bgcolor="#eceeee" rowspan="4" style="border-right: solid 1px #aaaaaa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A2eosf%C4%93ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ģeosfēra (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Ģeosfēra</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Zemes_garoza" title="Zemes garoza">Zemes garoza</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Zemes_mantija" title="Zemes mantija">Mantija</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Zemes_kodols" title="Zemes kodols">Zemes kodols</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><a href="/wiki/Pedosf%C4%93ra" title="Pedosfēra">Pedosfēra</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><a href="/wiki/Litosf%C4%93ra" title="Litosfēra">Litosfēra</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><a href="/wiki/Astenosf%C4%93ra" title="Astenosfēra">Astenosfēra</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><a href="/wiki/Mantijas_mezosf%C4%93ra" title="Mantijas mezosfēra">Mantijas mezosfēra</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80r%C4%93jais_Zemes_kodols&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ārējais Zemes kodols (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Ārējais Zemes kodols</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#f8f8f8" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iek%C5%A1%C4%93jais_Zemes_kodols&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iekšējais Zemes kodols (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Iekšējais Zemes kodols</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-skatīt"><a href="/wiki/Veidne:Visuma_strukt%C5%ABru_veidi" title="Veidne:Visuma struktūru veidi"><abbr title="Skatīt šo veidni" style=";;;background:none transparent;border:none;">s</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskusija"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veidnes_diskusija:Visuma_strukt%C5%ABru_veidi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veidnes diskusija:Visuma struktūru veidi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)"><abbr title="Diskusija par šo veidni" style="color:#002bb8;;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-labot"><a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veidne:Visuma_strukt%C5%ABru_veidi&action=edit"><abbr title="Labot šo veidni" style=";;;background:none transparent;border:none;">l</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Visums" title="Visums">Visuma</a> struktūras</div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija">Astronomiskie</a> objekti</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Galaktiku_superkopa" title="Galaktiku superkopa">galaktiku superkopas</a> > <a href="/wiki/Galaktiku_grupas_un_kopas" title="Galaktiku grupas un kopas">galaktiku grupas un kopas</a> > <a href="/wiki/Galaktikas" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaktikas">galaktikas</a> > <a href="/wiki/Zvaigzne" title="Zvaigzne">zvaigznes</a> > <a href="/wiki/Plan%C4%93ta" title="Planēta">planēta</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%C4%A2eolo%C4%A3ija" title="Ģeoloģija">Ģeoloģiskie</a> (Zemes zinātņu) objekti</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">atmosfēra</a> > <a href="/wiki/Hidrosf%C4%93ra" title="Hidrosfēra">hidrosfēra</a> > <a href="/wiki/Litosf%C4%93ra" title="Litosfēra">litosfēra</a> > <a href="/wiki/Astenosf%C4%93ra" title="Astenosfēra">astenosfēra</a> > <a href="/wiki/Zemes_mantija" title="Zemes mantija">mantija</a> > <a href="/wiki/Zemes_kodols" title="Zemes kodols">kodols</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Biolo%C4%A3ija" title="Bioloģija">Bioloģiskie</a> objekti</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Biosf%C4%93ra" title="Biosfēra">biosfēra</a> > <a href="/wiki/Bioms" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioms">bioms</a> > <a href="/wiki/Ekosist%C4%93ma" title="Ekosistēma">ekosistēma</a> > <a href="/wiki/Biocenoze" title="Biocenoze">biocenoze</a> > <a href="/wiki/Popul%C4%81cija" title="Populācija">populācija</a> > <a href="/wiki/Organisms" title="Organisms">organisms</a> > <a href="/wiki/Org%C4%81ns" title="Orgāns">orgāns</a> > <a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">audi</a> > <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0%C5%ABna" title="Šūna">šūna</a> > <a href="/wiki/Organella" class="mw-redirect" title="Organella">organellas</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABmija" title="Ķīmija">Ķīmiskie</a> un <a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika">fizikālie</a> objekti</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Fizik%C4%81ls_%C4%B7ermenis" title="Fizikāls ķermenis">fizikāls ķermenis</a> > <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekula</a> > <a href="/wiki/Atoms" title="Atoms">atoms</a> > <a href="/wiki/Salikt%C4%81s_da%C4%BCi%C5%86as" title="Saliktās daļiņas">saliktās daļiņas</a> > <a href="/wiki/Element%C4%81rda%C4%BCi%C5%86a" title="Elementārdaļiņa">elementārdaļiņas</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" 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