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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ecclesiastical exarchs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ecclesiastical_exarchs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ecclesiastical exarchs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ecclesiastical_exarchs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_tradition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_tradition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early tradition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_tradition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Orthodox_Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Orthodox_Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Eastern Orthodox Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Orthodox_Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oriental_Orthodox_Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Oriental Orthodox Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oriental_Orthodox_Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Latin Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_Eastern_Catholic_Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Eastern_Catholic_Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Modern Eastern Catholic Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_Eastern_Catholic_Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Apostolic_exarchs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apostolic_exarchs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Apostolic exarchs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apostolic_exarchs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patriarchal_exarchs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patriarchal_exarchs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>Patriarchal exarchs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patriarchal_exarchs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archiepiscopal_exarchs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archiepiscopal_exarchs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.3</span> <span>Archiepiscopal exarchs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archiepiscopal_exarchs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coadjutor_exarchs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coadjutor_exarchs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.4</span> <span>Coadjutor exarchs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coadjutor_exarchs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Auxiliary_exarchs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auxiliary_exarchs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.5</span> <span>Auxiliary exarchs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auxiliary_exarchs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Eastern_Catholic_exarchates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Eastern_Catholic_exarchates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>List of Eastern Catholic exarchates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Eastern_Catholic_exarchates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Patriarchal_Exarchates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patriarchal_Exarchates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>Patriarchal Exarchates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patriarchal_Exarchates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archiepiscopal_Exarchates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archiepiscopal_Exarchates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.2</span> <span>Archiepiscopal Exarchates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archiepiscopal_Exarchates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_Eastern_Catholic_Exarchates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_Eastern_Catholic_Exarchates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.3</span> <span>Former Eastern Catholic Exarchates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_Eastern_Catholic_Exarchates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Former_Eastern_Catholic_Exarchates_in_the_Old_World" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_Eastern_Catholic_Exarchates_in_the_Old_World"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.3.1</span> <span>Former Eastern Catholic Exarchates in the Old World</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_Eastern_Catholic_Exarchates_in_the_Old_World-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_Eastern_Catholic_Exarchates_in_the_New_World" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_Eastern_Catholic_Exarchates_in_the_New_World"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.3.2</span> <span>Former Eastern Catholic Exarchates in the New World</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_Eastern_Catholic_Exarchates_in_the_New_World-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Exarch</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksarg" title="Eksarg – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Eksarg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%B3" title="إكسرخس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إكسرخس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85" title="Экзарх – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Экзарх" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85" title="Екзарх – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Екзарх" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksarh" title="Eksarh – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eksarh" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%BE%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Έξαρχος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έξαρχος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exarca" title="Exarca – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Exarca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekzarko" title="Ekzarko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ekzarko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exarka" title="Exarka – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Exarka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%84%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Եքսարքոս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եքսարքոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egzarh" title="Egzarh – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Egzarh" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exarko" title="Exarko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Exarko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksarkat" title="Eksarkat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Eksarkat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esarca" title="Esarca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Esarca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exarcha" title="Exarcha – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Exarcha" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B6%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95" title="エクザルフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エクザルフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksark" title="Eksark – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eksark" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekzarx" title="Ekzarx – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ekzarx" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egzarcha" title="Egzarcha – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Egzarcha" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exarco" title="Exarco – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Exarco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exarh" title="Exarh – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Exarh" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85" title="Екзарх – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Екзарх" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85" title="Экзарх – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Экзарх" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85" title="Егзарх – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Егзарх" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egzarh" title="Egzarh – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Egzarh" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksarkki" title="Eksarkki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eksarkki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exark" title="Exark – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Exark" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksarh" title="Eksarh – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eksarh" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85" title="Екзарх – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Екзарх" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9D%A3%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="督主教 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="督主教" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4144428#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former political and military office; now an ecclesiastical office</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the political and military office of exarch, and also about the ecclesiastical office of the same name. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Exarch_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Exarch (disambiguation)">Exarch (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_with_dioceses_in_300_AD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Roman_Empire_with_dioceses_in_300_AD.png/300px-Roman_Empire_with_dioceses_in_300_AD.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Roman_Empire_with_dioceses_in_300_AD.png/450px-Roman_Empire_with_dioceses_in_300_AD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Roman_Empire_with_dioceses_in_300_AD.png/600px-Roman_Empire_with_dioceses_in_300_AD.png 2x" data-file-width="2052" data-file-height="1415" /></a><figcaption>Original <a href="/wiki/Roman_diocese" title="Roman diocese">dioceses</a> of the Roman Empire, created by emperor <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a> (284–305)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_with_dioceses_in_400_AD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Roman_Empire_with_dioceses_in_400_AD.png/300px-Roman_Empire_with_dioceses_in_400_AD.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Roman_Empire_with_dioceses_in_400_AD.png/450px-Roman_Empire_with_dioceses_in_400_AD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Roman_Empire_with_dioceses_in_400_AD.png/600px-Roman_Empire_with_dioceses_in_400_AD.png 2x" data-file-width="2042" data-file-height="1404" /></a><figcaption>Later <a href="/wiki/Roman_diocese" title="Roman diocese">dioceses</a> of the Roman Empire, around 400 AD</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>exarch</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span>; from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> ἔξαρχος <i>exarchos</i>) was the holder of any of various historical offices, some of them being political or military and others being ecclesiastical. </p><p>In the late <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, an <i>exarch</i> was a governor of a particular territory. From the end of the 3rd century or early 4th, every <a href="/wiki/Roman_diocese" title="Roman diocese">Roman diocese</a> was governed by a <a href="/wiki/Vicarius" title="Vicarius">vicarius</a>, who was titled "exarch" in eastern parts of the Empire, where the Greek language and the use of Greek terminology dominated,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyendorff1989_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyendorff1989-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even though Latin was the language of the imperial administration from the provincial level up until the 440s (Greek translations were sent out with the official Latin text). In Greek texts, the Latin title is spelled βικάριος (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">bikarios</i></span>). The office of exarch as a governor with extended political and military authority was later created in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, with jurisdiction over a particular territory, usually a frontier region at some distance from the capital <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1956_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1956-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christian Churches</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a>), the term <i>exarch</i> has three distinct uses: a <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">metropolitan</a> who holds the office of exarch is the deputy of a <a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">patriarch</a> and holds authority over bishops of the designated ecclesiastical region (thus, a position between that of patriarch and regular metropolitan); or an auxiliary or titular bishop appointed to be exarch over a group of the faithful not yet large enough or organized enough to be constituted an eparchy or diocese (thus the equivalent of a <a href="/wiki/Vicar_apostolic" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar apostolic">vicar apostolic</a>); or a priest or deacon who is appointed by a bishop as his executive representative in various fields of diocesan administration (in the Byzantine Empire, executive exarchs were usually collecting diocesan revenues for local bishops). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_exarchs">Political exarchs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarch&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Political exarchs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Roman_diocese" title="Roman diocese">Roman diocese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Ravenna" title="Exarchate of Ravenna">Exarchate of Ravenna</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Africa" title="Exarchate of Africa">Exarchate of Africa</a></div> <p>In the civil administration of the Byzantine Empire the exarch was, as stated above, the imperial governor of a large and important region of the Empire. The Exarchates were a response to weakening imperial authority in the provinces and were part of the overall process of unification of civil and military offices, initiated in early form by <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a>, which would lead eventually to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">Thematic system</a> by either the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a> or <a href="/wiki/Constans_II" title="Constans II">Constans II</a>. </p><p>After the dissolution of the Western Empire in the late fifth century, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a> remained stable through the beginning of the Middle Ages and retained the ability for future expansion. <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a> reconquered North Africa, Italy, Dalmatia and finally parts of Spain for the Eastern Roman Empire. However, this put an incredible strain on the Empire's limited resources. Subsequent emperors would not surrender the re-conquered land to remedy the situation. Thus the stage was set for Emperor <a href="/wiki/Maurice_(emperor)" title="Maurice (emperor)">Maurice</a> to establish the Exarchates to deal with the constantly evolving situation of the provinces. </p><p>In Italy the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> were the main opposition to <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> power. In North Africa the <a href="/wiki/Amazigh" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazigh">Amazigh</a> or <a href="/wiki/Berber_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber people">Berber</a> princes were ascendant due to Roman weakness outside the coastal cities. The problems associated with many enemies on various fronts (the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> in Spain, the <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avars_(Carpathians)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avars (Carpathians)">Avars</a> in the Balkans, the <a href="/wiki/Sassanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid">Sassanid</a> Persians in the Middle East, and the Amazigh in North Africa) forced the imperial government to decentralize and devolve power to the former provinces. </p><p>The term Exarch most commonly refers to the Exarch of Italy, who governed the area of Italy and Dalmatia, still remaining under Byzantine control after the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombard</a> invasion of 568. The exarchate's seat was at <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a>, whence it is known as the "<a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Ravenna" title="Exarchate of Ravenna">Exarchate of Ravenna</a>". Ravenna remained the seat of the Exarch until the revolt of 727 over <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a>. Thereafter, the growing menace of the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> and the split between eastern and western <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a> that Iconoclasm caused made the position of the Exarch more and more untenable. The last Exarch was killed by the Lombards in 751. </p><p>A second exarchate was created by Maurice to administer northern Africa, formerly a separate <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Africa" title="Praetorian prefecture of Africa">praetorian prefecture</a>, the islands of the western Mediterranean and the <a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Byzantine possessions in Spain</a>. The capital of the <a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Africa" title="Exarchate of Africa">Exarchate of Africa</a> was <a href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a>. An emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a>, was the son of the exarch of Africa before Heraclius replaced the usurper emperor <a href="/wiki/Phocas" title="Phocas">Phocas</a> in 610. Phocas had revolted under emperor <a href="/wiki/Maurice_(emperor)" title="Maurice (emperor)">Maurice</a> who had appointed Heraclius' father as exarch of Africa. The exarchate proved both financially and militarily strong, and survived until the Arab Muslim conquest of Carthage in 698. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecclesiastical_exarchs">Ecclesiastical exarchs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarch&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical exarchs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_tradition">Early tradition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarch&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term 'exarch' entered ecclesiastical language at first for a <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">metropolitan</a> (an archbishop) with jurisdiction not only for the area that was his as a metropolitan, but also over other metropolitans within local political <a href="/wiki/Roman_diocese" title="Roman diocese">dioceses</a>. Since imperial <a href="/wiki/Vicarius" title="Vicarius">vicarius</a> (governor of a political diocese) was often called "exarch" in eastern, Greek-speaking parts of the Empire, it became customary for the metropolitans of the diocesan capitals (<a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Asia" title="Diocese of Asia">Diocese of Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Lyncestis" title="Heraclea Lyncestis">Heraclea</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Thrace" title="Diocese of Thrace">Diocese of Thrace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_in_Cappadocia" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesarea in Cappadocia">Caesarea</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Pontus" title="Diocese of Pontus">Diocese of Pontus</a>) also to use the title "exarch" in order to emphasize their precedence and primatial status over other metropolitans within local political dioceses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyendorff1989_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyendorff1989-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a> (451), which gave special authority to the see of Constantinople as being "the residence of the emperor and the Senate", in its canons spoke of diocesan "exarchs", placing all metropolitans in dioceses of Asia, Thrace and Pontus (including metropolitans-exarchs of Ephesus, Heraclea and Caesarea) under the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Constantinople. Metropolitans-exarchs of Ephesus tried to resist the supreme jurisdiction of Constantinople, but eventually failed since imperial government supported the creation of a centralized Patriarchate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyendorff1989_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyendorff1989-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the proposed government of universal Christendom by five patriarchal sees (Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem, known as the <a href="/wiki/Pentarchy" title="Pentarchy">pentarchy</a>), under the auspices of a single universal empire, was formulated in the legislation of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Justinian_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Justinian I">Emperor Justinian I</a> (527–565), especially in his Novella 131 (De regulis ecclesiasticis etc., caput III),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and received formal ecclesiastical sanction at the <a href="/wiki/Council_in_Trullo" class="mw-redirect" title="Council in Trullo">Council in Trullo</a> (692), the name "patriarch" became the official one for the heads of major autocephalous churches, and the title of "exarch" was further demoted by naming all metropolitans as "patriarchal exarchs" in their ecclesiastical provinces. The advance of Constantinople put an end to privileges of three older, original exarchates, which fell back to the state of ordinary metropolitan sees.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local ecclesiastical development in some regions also included the title of exarch. Since the Church of Cyprus was declared <a href="/wiki/Autocephalous" class="mw-redirect" title="Autocephalous">autocephalous</a> (431), its Primate received the title of Exarch of Cyprus. On a similar principle the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Mount_Sinai_and_Raithu" title="Archbishop of Mount Sinai and Raithu">Archbishop of Mount Sinai and Raithu</a> is an exarch, though in this case, as in that of Cyprus, modern Eastern Orthodox usage generally prefers the title "Archbishop". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_Orthodox_Churches">Eastern Orthodox Churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarch&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Eastern Orthodox Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82_-_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D_-_Exarchate_of_Georgia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82_-_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D_-_Exarchate_of_Georgia.jpg/220px-%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82_-_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D_-_Exarchate_of_Georgia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82_-_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D_-_Exarchate_of_Georgia.jpg/330px-%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82_-_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D_-_Exarchate_of_Georgia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82_-_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D_-_Exarchate_of_Georgia.jpg/440px-%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82_-_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D_-_Exarchate_of_Georgia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="731" /></a><figcaption>Georgian Exarchate in the 19th century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Platon_(Rozhdestvensky).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Platon_%28Rozhdestvensky%29.jpg/220px-Platon_%28Rozhdestvensky%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Platon_%28Rozhdestvensky%29.jpg/330px-Platon_%28Rozhdestvensky%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Platon_%28Rozhdestvensky%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Metropolitan Platon (Rozhdestvensky), last Exarch of Georgia (1915–1917) and first Exarch of Caucasus (1917–1918)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgarian-Exarchate-1870-1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Bulgarian-Exarchate-1870-1913.jpg/220px-Bulgarian-Exarchate-1870-1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Bulgarian-Exarchate-1870-1913.jpg/330px-Bulgarian-Exarchate-1870-1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Bulgarian-Exarchate-1870-1913.jpg/440px-Bulgarian-Exarchate-1870-1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="1580" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Exarchate" title="Bulgarian Exarchate">Bulgarian Exarchate</a> (1870–1913)</figcaption></figure> <p>In modern ecclesiastical practice of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>, the title of exarch was often used to designate the highest hierarchical office under the rank of patriarch. When Russian <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Adrian_of_Moscow" title="Patriarch Adrian of Moscow">Patriarch Adrian of Moscow</a> died in 1700, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a> abolished the patriarchal office and appointed Metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Yavorsky" title="Stefan Yavorsky">Stefan Yavorsky</a> as exarch and head of the <a href="/wiki/Most_Holy_Synod" title="Most Holy Synod">Most Holy Synod</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>. </p><p>After imperial Russia <a href="/wiki/Georgia_within_the_Russian_Empire" title="Georgia within the Russian Empire">annexed Georgia</a> (the eastern part in 1801, and the western part in 1810), the ancient <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgian Orthodox Church</a> (autocephalous since 750, whose head was since 1008 styled Catholicos-Patriarchs) was reorganized into the <i>Georgian Exarchate,</i> and the newly appointed <i>Exarch of Georgia</i> (since 1817 always an ethnic Russian) sat in the Russian Holy Synod at St. Petersburg.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFortescue1908295,_304–305,_351_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFortescue1908295,_304–305,_351-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the entire region of the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> fell under Russian rule, the jurisdiction of the Georgian Exarchate was expanded, encompassing the territories of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>. On 7 April 1917, the Georgian Patriarchate was restored for the Archbishops of Mtsheta and Tbilisi, with the style Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia, and the title <i>Exarch of Georgia</i> was extinguished, but only for the Georgian part of the Exarchate. The Russian Orthodox Church and its exarch Platon (Rozhdestvensky) kept their jurisdiction over non-Georgian parts of the Caucasian region, and for those territories the <i>Caucasian Exarchate</i> of the Russian Orthodox Church was created in the summer of 1917, with metropolitan Platon as Exarch of the Caucasus. In the spring of 1918, he was succeeded by metropolitan Cyril (Smirnov) as new Exarch of the Caucasus, but after his transfer to another post in the spring of 1920 no new exarch was appointed.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 28 February 1870 the twenty-year-old struggle between Greeks and Bulgarians for control of the Orthodox Church in Bulgaria culminated when the Ottoman Sultan <a href="/wiki/Abdulaziz" title="Abdulaziz">Abdulaziz</a> created an independent Bulgarian ecclesiastical organization, known as the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Exarchate" title="Bulgarian Exarchate">Bulgarian Exarchate</a>. The Orthodox Church in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> had now become independent of the Greek-dominated <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a>. The Bulgarian Exarch, who resided in Constantinople, became the most famous bearer of the title of exarch; his adherents throughout region were called <i>exarchists</i>, as opposed to the Greek <i>patriarchists</i>. The ensuing struggle, waged especially in <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a>, was not only religious but had a conspicuous political dimension of a contention between competing Greek and Bulgarian national aims. For more information see <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Exarchate" title="Bulgarian Exarchate">Bulgarian Exarchate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Bulgarian Orthodox Church</a>. </p><p>In 1921, eparchies of the Russian Orthodox Church in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> were reorganized as the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Exarchate_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church">Ukrainian Exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church</a>, headed by patriarchal exarch with seat in Kyiv. The Ukrainian Exarchate existed until 1990 when it was granted a higher degree of ecclesiastical autonomy within the Moscow Patriarchate. In 1989, an autonomous <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Exarchate_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian Exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church">Belarusian Exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church</a> was formed, with jurisdiction over eparchies in <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>. </p><p>During the 20th century, the pentarchy-number principle, already abandoned in the case of <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> (10th century), <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> (14th century) and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> (16th century), gave way to the desire of the now politically independent Orthodox nations to see their sovereignty reflected in ecclesiastical autonomy – autocephaly – and the symbolic title to crown it: a 'national' Patriarch. For example, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Exarchate" title="Bulgarian Exarchate">Bulgarian Exarchate</a> was raised to the rank of Patriarchate in 1953. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>, the office of exarch can be also given to a special deputy of a <a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a>, with jurisdiction over a community outside the home territory of the Patriarchate. Thus, in the United States there are Exarchs representing, among others, the Serbian, Romanian, Bulgarian and Jerusalem Patriarchs. The style of the Exarchs of the Patriarchate of Jerusalem is "Exarch of the Holy Sepulcher". </p><p>The Mexican Orthodox parishes in five deaneries (Mexico City, D.F., State of Mexico, State of Jalisco, State of Veracruz and State of Chiapas) of the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">Orthodox Church in America</a> are governed as the "Exarchate of Mexico", currently under the leadership of Bishop Alejo of Mexico City.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The third officer of the court of the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople</a>, who examines marriage cases (analogous to the Catholic <a href="/wiki/Defensor_matrimonii" class="mw-redirect" title="Defensor matrimonii">defensor matrimonii</a>), is called the Exarch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oriental_Orthodox_Churches">Oriental Orthodox Churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarch&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Oriental Orthodox Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox</a> Patriarch of Antioch currently has under his authority an Exarch in India, known by the ancient title <a href="/wiki/Maphrian" title="Maphrian">Maphrian</a>, although he is popularly referred to as <a href="/wiki/Catholicos" title="Catholicos">Catholicos</a>. This is not to be confused with the autocephalous <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_the_East_and_Malankara_Metropolitan" title="Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan">Catholicate of the East</a>, which is also located in India. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_Church">Latin Church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarch&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Latin Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, there have been a very few cases of the civil title of Exarch granted by the civil authority to prelates of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a>, as when <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Frederick_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Frederick I">Emperor Frederick I</a> named the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Lyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Lyon">Archbishop of Lyon</a> as Exarch of <a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a> in 1157. </p><p>However, the ecclesiastical title of Exarch has disappeared in the Western Catholic Church, being replaced by the terms "<a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">Primate</a>" (ranking above metropolitan archbishop) and "<a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Vicar" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Vicar">Apostolic Vicar</a>" (ranking below suffragan bishop). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_Eastern_Catholic_Churches">Modern Eastern Catholic Churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarch&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern Eastern Catholic Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_ecclesiastical_titles" title="Category:Catholic ecclesiastical titles">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">Hierarchy of the<br />Catholic Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gesupietrochiave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Saint Peter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gesupietrochiave.jpg/150px-Gesupietrochiave.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gesupietrochiave.jpg/225px-Gesupietrochiave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gesupietrochiave.jpg/300px-Gesupietrochiave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_ecclesiastical_titles" title="Category:Catholic ecclesiastical titles">Ecclesiastical titles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Order of precedence in the Catholic Church">order of precedence</a>)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Emeritus">Pope Emeritus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Vicar" title="Cardinal Vicar">Cardinal Vicar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown-cardinal" title="Crown-cardinal">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_the_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of the Church">Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_protector" title="Cardinal protector">Protector</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderator_of_the_curia" title="Moderator of the curia">Moderator of the curia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_His_Holiness" title="Chaplain of His Holiness">Chaplain of His Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_legate" title="Papal legate">Papal legate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_majordomo" title="Papal majordomo">Papal majordomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuncio" title="Nuncio">Apostolic nuncio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuncio" title="Nuncio">Apostolic delegate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Syndic" title="Apostolic Syndic">Apostolic Syndic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_visitor" title="Apostolic visitor">Apostolic visitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate" title="Apostolic vicariate">Vicar apostolic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Modern_Eastern_Catholic_churches">Apostolic exarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_prefecture" title="Apostolic prefecture">Apostolic prefect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_to_the_papal_throne" title="Assistant to the papal throne">Assistant to the papal throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy#Church_hierarchy" title="Eparchy">Eparch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch#Catholic_Church" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholicos" title="Catholicos">Catholicos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">Bishop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church#Emeritus" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">Bishop emeritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">Diocesan bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_archbishop" title="Major archbishop">Major archbishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">Primate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffragan_bishop" title="Suffragan bishop">Suffragan bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titular_bishop" title="Titular bishop">Titular bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_bishop" title="Coadjutor bishop">Coadjutor bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">Auxiliary bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelate" title="Prelate">Prelate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provost_(religion)" title="Provost (religion)">Provost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiff" title="Pontiff">Pontiff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_prelate" title="Territorial prelate">Territorial prelate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_abbey" title="Territorial abbey">Territorial abbot</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Liturgical titles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acolyte" title="Acolyte">Acolyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consecrator" title="Consecrator">Consecrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reader_(liturgy)#CatholicLector" title="Reader (liturgy)">Lector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdeacon" title="Subdeacon">Subdeacon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Administrative and pastoral titles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auditor_(ecclesiastical)" title="Auditor (ecclesiastical)">Auditor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_brother#Catholicism" title="Religious brother">Brother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(ecclesiastical)" title="Chancellor (ecclesiastical)">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain" title="Chaplain">Chaplain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_chaplain#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Military chaplain">Military chaplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_ordinariate" title="Military ordinariate">Military ordinary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coarb" title="Coarb">Coarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessor#Confession_of_sins" title="Confessor">Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consultor" title="Consultor">Consultor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curate#Roman_Catholicism" title="Curate">Curate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archdeacon" title="Archdeacon">Archdeacon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_bond" title="Defender of the bond">Defender of the bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definitor" title="Definitor">Definitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_advocate" title="Devil's advocate">Devil's advocate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_administrator" title="Diocesan administrator">Diocesan administrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_judge" title="Ecclesiastical judge">Ecclesiastical judge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcist#Catholicism" title="Exorcist">Exorcist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Laity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lay_abbot" title="Lay abbot">Lay abbot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abthain" title="Abthain">Abthain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commendatory_abbot" title="Commendatory abbot">Commendatory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_cardinal" title="Lay cardinal">Lay cardinal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_(Catholic_Church)" title="Minister (Catholic Church)">Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_orders" title="Major orders">Major orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_orders" title="Minor orders">Minor orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">Missionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsignor" title="Monsignor">Monsignor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official#Ecclesiastical_judiciary" title="Official">Officialis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostiarius" title="Ostiarius">Ostiarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastor" title="Pastor">Pastor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_pastor" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant pastor">Assistant pastor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatinus_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Palatinus in the Catholic Church">Palatinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_prelature" title="Personal prelature">Personal prelate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preacher" title="Preacher">Preacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefect#Ecclesiastical" title="Prefect">Prefect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyter" title="Presbyter">Presbyter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elder_(Christianity)#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Elder (Christianity)">Elder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Principal (Catholic Church)">Principal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protonotary_apostolic" title="Protonotary apostolic">Protonotary apostolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Reverend" title="The Reverend">Reverend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint#Catholic_Church" title="Saint">Saint</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Venerable" title="The Venerable">Venerable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">Seminarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar" title="Vicar">Vicar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_vicar" title="Judicial vicar">Judicial vicar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_general" title="Vicar general">Vicar general</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_(Christianity)" title="Dean (Christianity)">Vicar forane</a> <ul><li>Sub-dean</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Consecrated and professed titles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Abbess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_virgin" title="Consecrated virgin">Consecrated virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrector#Ecclesiastic_(Catholic)_titles" title="Corrector">Corrector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custos_(Franciscans)" title="Custos (Franciscans)">Custos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">Friar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_(Christianity)#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Dean (Christianity)">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novice_master" title="Novice master">Master of novices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novice#Roman_Catholicism" title="Novice">Novice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">Nun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postulant" title="Postulant">Postulant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblate" title="Oblate">Oblate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_superior" title="Provincial superior">Provincial superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rector_(ecclesiastical)" title="Rector (ecclesiastical)">Rector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_(Western_Christianity)" title="Religious (Western Christianity)">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_general_(Christianity)" title="Superior general (Christianity)">Superior general</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Additional titles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Service_of_Charity" title="Dicastery for the Service of Charity">Almoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_server" title="Altar server">Altar server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archimandrite" title="Archimandrite">Archimandrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archpriest" title="Archpriest">Archpriest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archdeacon" title="Archdeacon">Archdeacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_(title)" title="Canon (title)">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_General_of_the_Church" title="Captain General of the Church">Captain General of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorbishop" title="Chorbishop">Chorbishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coarb" title="Coarb">Coarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissary_Apostolic" title="Commissary Apostolic">Commissary Apostolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custos_(under-sacristan)" title="Custos (under-sacristan)">Custos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Dataria" title="Apostolic Dataria">Datarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonfalonier_of_the_Church" title="Gonfalonier of the Church">Gonfalonier of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelate_of_Honour_of_His_Holiness" title="Prelate of Honour of His Holiness">Honorary Prelate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_canon" title="Minor canon">Minor canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notarius" title="Notarius">Notarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostiarius" title="Ostiarius">Ostiarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peritus" title="Peritus">Peritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postulator" title="Postulator">Postulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prebendary" title="Prebendary">Prebendary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precentor" title="Precentor">Precentor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-bishop" title="Prince-bishop">Prince-bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-abbot" title="Prince-abbot">Prince-abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-primate" title="Prince-primate">Prince-primate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-provost" title="Prince-provost">Prince-provost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_advocate" title="Devil's advocate">Promotor Fidei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protopriest" title="Protopriest">Protopriest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protodeacon#Roman_rite" title="Protodeacon">Protodeacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protosyncellus" title="Protosyncellus">Protosyncellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionarius" title="Regionarius">Regionarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacristan" title="Sacristan">Sacristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewalk_counseling" title="Sidewalk counseling">Sidewalk Counselor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_usher" title="Church usher">Usher</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Organization titles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_grand_masters_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="List of grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Masters_and_Lieutenancies_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Grand Masters and Lieutenancies of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre">Order of the Holy Sepulchre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_of_the_Teutonic_Order" title="Grand Master of the Teutonic Order">Teutonic Knights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisitor" title="Inquisitor">Inquisitor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Inquisitor" title="Grand Inquisitor">Grand Inquisitor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preceptor" title="Preceptor">Preceptor</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" 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width="100" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg/150px-Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg/200px-Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="182" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Category:Canon law of the Catholic Church">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law of the<br />Catholic Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><i>Ius vigens</i> (current law)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 <i>Code of Canon Law</i></a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Omnium_in_mentem" title="Omnium in mentem">Omnium in mentem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magnum_principium" title="Magnum principium">Magnum principium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Canons_of_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches">Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad_tuendam_fidem" title="Ad tuendam fidem">Ad tuendam fidem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_corde_Ecclesiae" title="Ex corde Ecclesiae">Ex corde Ecclesiae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indulgentiarum_Doctrina" title="Indulgentiarum Doctrina">Indulgentiarum Doctrina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Praedicate_evangelium" title="Praedicate evangelium">Praedicate evangelium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veritatis_gaudium" title="Veritatis gaudium">Veritatis gaudium</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custom_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Custom (Catholic canon law)">Custom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_nullity_trial_reforms_of_Pope_Francis" title="Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis">Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis</a></li> <li>Documents of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christus_Dominus" title="Christus Dominus">Christus Dominus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lumen_gentium" title="Lumen gentium">Lumen gentium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Optatam_Totius" title="Optatam Totius">Optatam totius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orientalium_Ecclesiarum" title="Orientalium Ecclesiarum">Orientalium ecclesiarum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Presbyterorum_Ordinis" title="Presbyterorum Ordinis">Presbyterorum ordinis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" title="Sacrosanctum Concilium">Sacrosanctum concilium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precepts_of_the_Church" title="Precepts of the Church">Precepts of the Church</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Legal history of the Catholic Church">Legal history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Jus_antiquum" title="Jus antiquum">Jus antiquum</a></b></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 33</span>-1140) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_Orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Church Orders">Ancient Church Orders</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Constitutions" title="Apostolic Constitutions">The Apostolic Constitutions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canons_of_the_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Canons of the Apostles">Canons of the Apostles</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collections_of_ancient_canons" title="Collections of ancient canons">Collections of ancient canons</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Collectiones_canonum_Dionysianae" title="Collectiones canonum Dionysianae">Collectiones canonum Dionysianae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collectio_canonum_quadripartita" title="Collectio canonum quadripartita">Collectio canonum quadripartita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collectio_canonum_Quesnelliana" title="Collectio canonum Quesnelliana">Collectio canonum Quesnelliana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collectio_canonum_Wigorniensis" title="Collectio canonum Wigorniensis">Collectio canonum Wigorniensis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelasian_Decree" title="Gelasian Decree">Gelasian Decree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmachian_forgeries" title="Symmachian forgeries">Symmachian forgeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Isidorian_Decretals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals">Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donation_of_Constantine" title="Donation of Constantine">Donation of Constantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Reform" title="Gregorian Reform">Gregorian Reform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Lay investiture controversy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dictatus_papae" title="Dictatus papae">Dictatus papae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Libertas_ecclesiae" title="Libertas ecclesiae">Libertas ecclesiae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plenitudo_potestatis" title="Plenitudo potestatis">Plenitudo potestatis</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p><i><b>Jus novum</b></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1140</span>-1563) </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Juris_Canonici" title="Corpus Juris Canonici">Corpus Juris Canonici</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani" title="Decretum Gratiani">Decretum Gratiani</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decretist" title="Decretist">Decretist</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canon_Episcopi" title="Canon Episcopi">Canon Episcopi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Margaritae" title="Margaritae">Margaritae</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jus_commune" title="Jus commune">Jus commune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Decretales_Gregorii_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Decretales Gregorii IX">Decretals of Gregory IX</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decretalist" title="Decretalist">Decretalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Regul%C3%A6_Juris#Catholic_canonical_use" title="Regulæ Juris">Regulæ Juris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Extravagantes" title="Extravagantes">Extravagantes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Septimus" title="Liber Septimus">Liber Septimus</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p><i><b>Jus novissimum</b></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1563</span>-1918) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictus_Deus_(Pius_IV)" title="Benedictus Deus (Pius IV)"><i>Benedictus Deus</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tametsi" title="Tametsi">Tametsi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apostolicae_Sedis_moderationi" title="Apostolicae Sedis moderationi">Apostolicae Sedis moderationi</a></i></li></ul> <p><i><b>Jus codicis</b></i> (1918-present) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1917_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1917 Code of Canon Law">1917 <i>Code of Canon Law</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiae_Sanctae" title="Ecclesiae Sanctae">Ecclesiae Sanctae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 <i>Code of Canon Law</i></a></li></ul> <p>Other </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Contractum_trinius" title="Contractum trinius">Contractum trinius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_judge-delegate" title="Papal judge-delegate">Papal judge-delegate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_Option" title="Right of Option">Right of option</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_canon_law" title="Eastern Catholic canon law">Eastern law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Canons_of_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches">Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_canonical_reforms_of_Pius_XII" title="Eastern canonical reforms of Pius XII">Eastern Canonical Reforms of Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomocanon" title="Nomocanon">Nomocanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Modern_Eastern_Catholic_Churches">Exarchate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinariate_for_Eastern_Catholic_faithful" title="Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful">Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protosyncellus" title="Protosyncellus">Protosyncellus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Liturgical law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left">Latin Church <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_liturgical_days_in_the_Roman_Rite" title="Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite">Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Instruction_of_the_Roman_Missal" title="General Instruction of the Roman Missal">General Instruction of the Roman Missal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Rubrics" title="Code of Rubrics">Code of Rubrics</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" title="Sacrosanctum Concilium">Sacrosanctum Concilium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mysterii_Paschalis" title="Mysterii Paschalis">Mysterii Paschalis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musicam_sacram" title="Musicam sacram">Musicam sacram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scripturarum_thesaurus" title="Scripturarum thesaurus">Scripturarum thesaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liturgiam_authenticam" title="Liturgiam authenticam">Liturgiam authenticam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quattuor_abhinc_annos" title="Quattuor abhinc annos">Quattuor abhinc annos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_Dei" title="Ecclesia Dei">Ecclesia Dei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum">Summorum Pontificum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magnum_principium" title="Magnum principium">Magnum principium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Traditionis_custodes" title="Traditionis custodes">Traditionis custodes</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Mass" title="Red Mass">Red Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">Holy day of obligation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacramental law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_844" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon 844"><i>Communicatio in sacris</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_opere_operato" title="Ex opere operato">Ex opere operato</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omnium_in_mentem" title="Omnium in mentem">Omnium in mentem</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Validity_and_liceity_(Catholic_Church)" title="Validity and liceity (Catholic Church)">Validity and liceity</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacraments in the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy Orders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Impediment (Catholic canon law)">Impediment (Catholic canon law)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstemius" title="Abstemius">Abstemius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defect_of_birth" class="mw-redirect" title="Defect of birth">Defect of birth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church">Obligation of celibacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_nullity" title="Declaration of nullity">Nullity of Sacred Ordination</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apostolicae_curae" title="Apostolicae curae">Apostolicae curae</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimissorial_letters" title="Dimissorial letters">Dimissorial letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consecrator#Catholic_Church" title="Consecrator">Episcopal consecrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Approbation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Approbation (Catholic canon law)">Approbation (Catholic canon law)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Confession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penitential_canons" title="Penitential canons">Penitential canons</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paenitentiale_Theodori" title="Paenitentiale Theodori">Paenitentiale Theodori</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_Confessional_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of the Confessional in the Catholic Church">Seal of the Confessional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_and_external_forum_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal and external forum (Catholic canon law)">Internal and external forum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Note_on_the_importance_of_the_internal_forum_and_the_inviolability_of_the_Sacramental_Seal" title="Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the Sacramental Seal">Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the Sacramental Seal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Penitentiary" title="Apostolic Penitentiary">Apostolic Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_penitentiary" title="Canon penitentiary">Canon penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complicit_absolution" title="Complicit absolution">Complicit absolution</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacramentum_Poenitentiae" title="Sacramentum Poenitentiae">Sacramentum Poenitentiae</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_discipline#Catholic_practice" title="Eucharistic discipline">Eucharistic discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_915" title="Canon 915">Canon 915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebret" title="Celebret">Celebret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_stipend" title="Mass stipend">Mass stipend</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Sacramental#Catholic" title="Sacramental">Sacramentals</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">Indulgence</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Indulgentiarum_doctrina" class="mw-redirect" title="Indulgentiarum doctrina">Indulgentiarum doctrina</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Sacred places </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar in the Catholic Church">Altars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Major basilica">Major basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor basilica">Minor basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oratory_(worship)#Catholic_Church" title="Oratory (worship)">Oratory</a> (chapel)</li></ul> <p>Sacred times </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church">Fast days and abstinence</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paenitemini" title="Paenitemini">Paenitemini</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">Holy day of obligation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimonial law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li>Canonical form (Latin Church) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tametsi" title="Tametsi">Tametsi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ne_Temere" title="Ne Temere">Ne Temere</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banns_of_marriage#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Banns of marriage">Banns of marriage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_nullity" title="Declaration of nullity">Declaration of Nullity</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dignitas_connubii" title="Dignitas connubii">Dignitas connubii</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_nullity_trial_reforms_of_Pope_Francis" title="Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis">Matrimonial Nullity Trial Reforms of Pope Francis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vetitum" title="Vetitum">Vetitum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_Bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Defender of the Bond">Defender of the Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Impediment (Catholic canon law)">Impediments to Marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Affinity (Catholic canon law)">Affinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clandestinity_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Clandestinity (Catholic canon law)">Clandestinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_of_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Impediment of crime">Impediment of crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disparity_of_cult" title="Disparity of cult">Disparity of cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligamen" title="Ligamen">Ligamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_propriety" title="Public propriety">Public propriety</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_dispensation" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrimonial dispensation">Matrimonial dispensation</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ratum_sed_non_consummatum" title="Ratum sed non consummatum">Ratum sed non consummatum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Validation_of_marriage" title="Validation of marriage">Sanatio in radice</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_marriage" title="Natural marriage">Natural marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_privilege" title="Pauline privilege">Pauline privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrine_privilege" title="Petrine privilege">Petrine privilege</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Supreme authority, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">particular<br />churches</a>, and canonical structures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"><b>Supreme authority of the Church</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Roman Pontiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Bishops" title="College of Bishops">College of Bishops</a></li></ul> <p><b>Supra-diocesan/eparchal structures</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">Conference of bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synod of Bishops</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Particular churches</a></b> </p> <ul><li>Churches <i><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui juris</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a></li></ul></li> <li>Local particular churches</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appointment_of_Catholic_bishops" title="Appointment of Catholic bishops">Appointment of bishops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_abbey" title="Territorial abbey">Abbacy <i>nullius</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate" title="Apostolic vicariate">Apostolic vicariate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate" title="Apostolic vicariate">Apostolic vicar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_administration" title="Apostolic administration">Apostolic administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_administration" title="Apostolic administration">Apostolic administrator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_(Roman_Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese (Roman Catholic)">Diocese/Archdiocese</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeque_principaliter" title="Aeque principaliter">Aeque principaliter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cathedraticum" title="Cathedraticum">Cathedraticum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_persona_episcopi" title="In persona episcopi">In persona episcopi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curia_(Catholic_Church)" title="Curia (Catholic Church)">Diocesan Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moderator_of_the_curia" title="Moderator of the curia">Moderator of the Curia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_chancery#Catholic_dioceses" title="Diocesan chancery">Chancery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deanery" title="Deanery">Deanery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_forane" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar forane">Vicar forane</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curia_(Catholic_Church)#Patriarchal_curia" title="Curia (Catholic Church)">Eparchal curia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_ordinariate" title="Military ordinariate">Military ordinariate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_sui_iuris" title="Mission sui iuris">Mission <i>sui juris</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_ordinariate" title="Personal ordinariate">Personal ordinariate</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Personal_ordinariate" title="Personal ordinariate">Anglicanorum Coetibus</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Juridic persons</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parish_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish in the Catholic Church">Parish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Team_of_priests_in_solidum" title="Team of priests in solidum">Team of priests <i>in solidum</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_church" title="Collegiate church">Collegiate church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_register" title="Parish register">Parish register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusteeism" title="Trusteeism">Lay trusteeism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_(Roman_Curia)" title="Congregation (Roman Curia)">Congregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_council" title="Pontifical council">Pontifical council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_prelature" title="Personal prelature">Personal prelature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_membership_of_Opus_Dei" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of membership of Opus Dei">Types of membership of Opus Dei</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Association of the Christian faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_general" title="Vicar general">Vicar general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinquennial_visit_ad_limina" title="Quinquennial visit ad limina">Quinquennial visit ad limina</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Jurisprudence of Catholic canon law">Jurisprudence</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_coronation" title="Canonical coronation">Canonical coronation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canonically_crowned_images" title="List of canonically crowned images">Canonically crowned images</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computation_of_time_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Computation of time (Catholic canon law)">Computation of time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custom_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Custom (Catholic canon law)">Custom</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Delegata_potestas_non_potest_delegari" title="Delegata potestas non potest delegari">Delegata potestas non potest delegari</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derogation" title="Derogation">Derogation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispensation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Dispensation (Catholic canon law)">Dispensation</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Taxa_Innocentiana" title="Taxa Innocentiana">Taxa Innocentiana</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_faculties_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical faculties (Catholic canon law)">Faculty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indult" title="Indult">Indult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Impediment (Catholic canon law)">Impediment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Donation (Catholic canon law)">Donation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpretation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Interpretation (Catholic canon law)">Interpretation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Legislative_Texts" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts">Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_jurisdiction" title="Ecclesiastical jurisdiction">Jurisdiction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peritus" title="Peritus">Peritus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obreption_and_subreption_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Obreption and subreption (Catholic canon law)">Obreption & subreption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obrogation" title="Obrogation">Obrogation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promulgation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Promulgation (Catholic canon law)">Promulgation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_renunciation" title="Papal renunciation">Resignation of the Roman Pontiff</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sede_vacante" title="Sede vacante">Sede vacante</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simony#Catholic_Church" title="Simony">Simony</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vacatio_legis" title="Vacatio legis">Vacatio legis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Validity_and_liceity_(Catholic_Church)" title="Validity and liceity (Catholic Church)">Validity and liceity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_visitation" title="Canonical visitation">Visitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_visitor" title="Apostolic visitor">Apostolic visitor</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecclesiology" title="Catholic ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Treatise_on_Law" title="Treatise on Law">Treatise on Law</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Determinatio" title="Determinatio">Determinatio</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Temporal goods (property)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benefice#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Benefice">Benefice</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cathedraticum" title="Cathedraticum">Cathedraticum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Contract (Catholic canon law)">Contract law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_stipend" title="Mass stipend">Mass stipend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altarage" title="Altarage">Stole fee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporalities" title="Temporalities">Temporalities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Law of persons</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Person (Catholic canon law)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_act_of_defection_from_the_Catholic_Church" title="Formal act of defection from the Catholic Church">Formal act of defection from the Catholic Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Canonical age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_emancipation" title="Ecclesiastical emancipation">Emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exemption_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Exemption (Catholic canon law)">Exemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heresy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Heresy in the Catholic Church">Heresy</a></li></ul> <p>Clerics </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_clergy" title="Secular clergy">Secular clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_clergy" title="Regular clergy">Regular clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church">Obligation of celibacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_priests_in_public_office" title="Catholic priests in public office">Clerics and public office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incardination_and_excardination" title="Incardination and excardination">Incardination and excardination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_clerical_state_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss of clerical state (Catholic Church)">Laicization (dispensation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_faculties_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical faculties (Catholic canon law)">Canonical faculties</a></li></ul> <p>Office </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_provision" title="Canonical provision">Canonical provision</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_election" title="Canonical election">Canonical election</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><br /><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Juridic and physical persons</a> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jus_patronatus" title="Jus patronatus">Jus patronatus</a></i></li></ul> <p><br /><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Associations of the faithful</a> </p> <br /><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">Consecrated life</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Canonical documents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Sanctae_Sedis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acta Sanctae Sedis">Acta Sanctae Sedis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imprimatur" title="Imprimatur">Censor librorum</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Imprimatur" title="Imprimatur">Imprimatur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imprimi_potest" title="Imprimi potest">Imprimi potest</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notary_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Notary (Catholic canon law)">Notary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protonotary_apostolic" title="Protonotary apostolic">Protonotary apostolic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_constitution" title="Apostolic constitution">Apostolic constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_(canon_law)" title="Canon (canon law)">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordat" title="Concordat">Concordat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decree_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Decree (Catholic canon law)">Decree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decretal" title="Decretal">Decretal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">Encyclical</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">Motu proprio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinance_(canon_law)#Catholic_Church" title="Ordinance (canon law)">Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_brief" title="Papal brief">Papal brief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Papal bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitential" title="Penitential">Penitential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_positive_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesiastical positive law">Positive law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_rescripts" title="Papal rescripts">Rescript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_register" title="Parish register">Parish register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Penal law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_1324" title="Canon 1324">Canon 1324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_1397_%C2%A72" title="Canon 1397 §2">Canon 1397 §2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censure_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Censure (Catholic canon law)">Censure (Catholic canon law)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_delictis_gravioribus" title="De delictis gravioribus">De delictis gravioribus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complicit_absolution" title="Complicit absolution">Complicit absolution</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crimen_sollicitationis" title="Crimen sollicitationis">Crimen sollicitationis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excommunication_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Excommunication (Catholic Church)">Excommunication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_excommunicable_offences_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="List of excommunicable offences in the Catholic Church">List of excommunicable offences in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church" title="List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church">List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cardinals_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church" title="List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church">List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interdict" title="Interdict">Interdict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_clerical_state_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss of clerical state (Catholic Church)">Laicization (penal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latae_sententiae_and_ferendae_sententiae" title="Latae sententiae and ferendae sententiae"><i>Latae sententiae</i> and <i>ferendae sententiae</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_prayer_and_penance" title="Life of prayer and penance">Lifetime of prayer and penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_admonitions" title="Canonical admonitions">Canonical admonitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_prison" title="Ecclesiastical prison">Ecclesiastical prison</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Procedural law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"><i>Pars statica</i> (tribunals & ministers/parties) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_court#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical court">Tribunals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Signatura" title="Apostolic Signatura">Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Tribunal of the Roman Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Penitentiary" title="Apostolic Penitentiary">Apostolic Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ministers of Justice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_vicar" title="Judicial vicar">Judicial Vicar</a>/<a href="/wiki/Official#Ecclesiastical_judiciary" title="Official">Officialis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditor_(ecclesiastical)" title="Auditor (ecclesiastical)">Auditor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_Bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Defender of the Bond">Defender of the Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procurator_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Procurator (Catholic canon law)">Procurator</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><i>Pars dynamica</i> (trial procedure) </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dignitas_connubii" title="Dignitas connubii">Dignitas connubii</a></i> (matrimonial causes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_as_from_an_abuse" title="Appeal as from an abuse">Appeal as from an abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presumption_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Presumption (Catholic canon law)">Presumption</a></li> <li>Penal procedure <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vos_estis_lux_mundi" title="Vos estis lux mundi">Vos estis lux mundi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Canonization#Catholic_Church" title="Canonization">Canonization</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Causes of Saints">Congregation for the Causes of Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiorem_hac_dilectionem" title="Maiorem hac dilectionem">Maiorem hac dilectionem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_advocate" title="Devil's advocate"><i>Advocatus Diaboli</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oblatio_vitae" title="Oblatio vitae">Oblatio vitae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Positio" title="Positio">Positio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatification_and_canonization_process_in_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatification and canonization process in 1914">Beatification and canonization process in 1914</a></li></ul> <p>Election of the Roman Pontiff </p> <ul><li>Current law <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Universi_Dominici_gregis" title="Universi Dominici gregis">Universi Dominici gregis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_renunciation" title="Papal renunciation">Papal renunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_election_reforms_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Papal election reforms of Pope Benedict XVI">Reforms of Pope Benedict XVI</a></li></ul></li> <li>Historical <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cum_proxime" title="Cum proxime">Cum proxime</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jus_exclusivae" title="Jus exclusivae">Jus exclusivae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_appointment" title="Papal appointment">Papal appointment</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeterni_Patris_Filius" title="Aeterni Patris Filius">Aeterni Patris Filius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romano_Pontifici_eligendo" title="Romano Pontifici eligendo">Romano Pontifici eligendo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ingravescentem_aetatem" title="Ingravescentem aetatem">Ingravescentem aetatem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ubi_periculum" title="Ubi periculum">Ubi periculum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quia_propter" title="Quia propter">Quia propter</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Legal practice and scholarship</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canon_law_legal_abbreviations_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of canon law legal abbreviations (Catholic canon law)">List of legal abbreviations</a></li></ul> <p>Academic degrees </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Licentiate_of_Canon_Law" title="Licentiate of Canon Law">Licentiate of Canon Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Canon_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Canon Law">Doctor of Canon Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_both_laws" title="Doctor of both laws">Doctor of both laws</a></li></ul> <p>Journals and Professional Societies </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_Law_Society_of_America" title="Canon Law Society of America">Canon Law Society of America</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jurist_(journal)" title="The Jurist (journal)">The Jurist</a></i></li></ul> <p>Faculties of canon law </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Canon_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="School of Canon Law">School of Canon Law</a></li></ul> <p>Canonists </p> <ul><li>Medieval <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani" title="Decretum Gratiani">Gratian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Segusio" title="Henry of Segusio">Hostiensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lemoine" title="Jean Lemoine">Jean Lemoine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_of_Penyafort" title="Raymond of Penyafort">Raymond of Penyafort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufinus_(decretist)" title="Rufinus (decretist)">Rufinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Teutonicus_Zemeke" title="Johannes Teutonicus Zemeke">Johannes Teutonicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Trani" title="Geoffrey of Trani">Geoffrey of Trani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burchard_of_Worms" title="Burchard of Worms">Burchard of Worms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brocard_(law)" title="Brocard (law)">Brocard</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Modern & Contemporary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Corecco" title="Eugenio Corecco">Eugenio Corecco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Faris" title="John D. Faris">John D. Faris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Gasparri" title="Pietro Gasparri">Pietro Gasparri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislas_Orsy" title="Ladislas Orsy">Ladislas Orsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Peters" title="Edward N. Peters">Edward N. Peters</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Law of <a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">consecrated life</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_vow" title="Solemn vow">Solemn vow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclaustration" title="Exclaustration">Exclaustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifestation_of_Conscience" class="mw-redirect" title="Manifestation of Conscience">Manifestation of Conscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_erection_of_a_house_of_religious" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical erection of a house of religious">Canonical erection of a house of religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_right" title="Pontifical right">Pontifical right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_diocesan_right" title="Congregation of diocesan right">Diocesan right</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Institutes_of_Consecrated_Life_and_Societies_of_Apostolic_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life">Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_consecrated_life" title="Institute of consecrated life">Institute of consecrated life</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">Religious institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_congregation" title="Religious congregation">Congregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Order</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism#Roman_Catholicism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_regular" class="mw-redirect" title="Canons regular">Canons regular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendicant_orders" title="Mendicant orders">Mendicant orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerics_regular" class="mw-redirect" title="Clerics regular">Clerics regular</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_institute" title="Secular institute">Secular institute</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cum_Sanctissimus" title="Cum Sanctissimus">Cum Sanctissimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Primo_Feliciter" title="Primo Feliciter">Primo Feliciter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Provida_Mater_Ecclesia" title="Provida Mater Ecclesia">Provida Mater Ecclesia</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">Society of apostolic life</a> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Decretum_laudis" title="Decretum laudis">Decretum laudis</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_canon_law" title="Template:Catholic canon law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_canon_law" title="Template talk:Catholic canon law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_canon_law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic canon law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_hierarchy#Equivalents_of_diocesan_bishops_in_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church hierarchy">Catholic Church hierarchy § Equivalents of diocesan bishops in law</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_Catholic_dioceses_(alphabetical)#Dioceses_(eparchies)_of_the_Eastern_Catholic_Churches" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman Catholic dioceses (alphabetical)">List of Roman Catholic dioceses (alphabetical) § Dioceses (eparchies) of the Eastern Catholic Churches</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> (of Eastern tradition but in full <a href="/wiki/Communion_(Christian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communion (Christian)">communion</a> with the Bishop of Rome, the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>), the ecclesiastical title of Exarch is in common use, just as with its Orthodox counterparts. </p><p>These Churches are, in general, not identified with a particular liturgical rite. Thus, no fewer than fourteen of them use the same <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a>, mostly in one or other of only two languages, Greek and <a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic" title="Church Slavonic">Church Slavonic</a>, but they maintain their distinct identities. Because of population shifts, half or so of these Churches have not just exarchates but full-scale <a href="/wiki/Eparchy" title="Eparchy">eparchies</a> (bishoprics) or even archeparchies (archdioceses) outside their original territory. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Apostolic_exarchs">Apostolic exarchs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarch&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Apostolic exarchs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apostolic exarch is usually a consecrated bishop of a <a href="/wiki/Titular_see" title="Titular see">titular see</a> to whom the Pope, as Bishop of the Roman See of the Apostle <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a>, has entrusted the pastoral care of the faithful of an autonomous Eastern Catholic <a href="/wiki/Particular_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Particular Church">particular Church</a> <i>sui iuris</i> in an area, not raised to the rank of eparchy (diocese), that is situated outside the home territory of an Eastern Catholic Church. The office of <i>apostolic exarch</i> thus corresponds to what in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> is called an <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicar" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic vicar">apostolic vicar</a>. Apostolic exarchates are generally exempt (immediately subject to the Holy See), with limited oversight by the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">patriarch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Major_archbishop" title="Major archbishop">major archbishop</a> or <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">metropolitan</a> in chief of the particular Eastern Church. If there is no metropolitan in a particular Eastern Catholic church, apostolic exarchates in their territories are directly subjected to Rome. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Serbia">Byzantine Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Serbia</a> belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Catholic_Church_of_Croatia_and_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia">Byzantine Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia</a>, but since there is no metropolitan in that church, the Apostolic Exarch of Serbia is directly subjected to the Holy See.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Patriarchal_exarchs">Patriarchal exarchs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarch&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Patriarchal exarchs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Patriarchal_exarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarchal exarch">patriarchal exarch</a> is appointed in those Eastern Catholic churches whose head is styled as patriarch. This office is often (not always) given to a consecrated bishop of a titular see. Their appointments are limited to the traditional territory of their church, with main task of governing the region not yet raised to the rank of eparchy (diocese). They may be suffragan to an archdiocese or archeparchy of the Eastern Catholic Church, or be immediately subject to the Patriarch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Archiepiscopal_exarchs">Archiepiscopal exarchs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarch&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Archiepiscopal exarchs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Archiepiscopal_exarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Archiepiscopal exarch">Archiepiscopal exarch</a> is appointed in those Eastern Catholic churches whose head is styled as <a href="/wiki/Major_Archbishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Major Archbishop">Major Archbishop</a>. The office of <i>archiepiscopal exarch</i> is also usually given to a consecrated bishop of a titular see. Appointment of archiepiscopal exarchs is limited to the traditional territory of their particular church. They also may be suffragans to an archdiocese or archeparchy of their Eastern Catholic Church, or be immediately subject to the Major Archbishop. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Coadjutor_exarchs">Coadjutor exarchs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarch&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Coadjutor exarchs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In particular cases, usually because of illness or some other problem, an exarch of any rank can be assisted by the appointment of a colleague who is called <i><a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_exarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Coadjutor exarch">coadjutor exarch</a></i>. The position of coadjutor exarch towards his superior exarch is similar to the position of Latin <a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_bishop" title="Coadjutor bishop">coadjutor bishop</a> towards his superior diocesan bishop. Coadjutor exarchs are appointed with rights of succession. For example, in 1993 titular Bishop <a href="/wiki/Christo_Proykov" title="Christo Proykov">Christo Proykov</a> of Briula was appointed Coadjutor to Apostolic Exarch of Sofia, <a href="/wiki/Methodius_Stratiev" title="Methodius Stratiev">Methodius Stratiev</a>, and when the latter died in 1995 the coadjutor exarch succeeded him as the new Apostolic Exarch.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Auxiliary_exarchs">Auxiliary exarchs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarch&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Auxiliary exarchs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In practice, exarch of any rank can be additionally assisted by an <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_exarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Auxiliary exarch">auxiliary exarch</a>, who is appointed in order to help the exarch in administration of his exarchate. Position of auxiliary exarch towards his superior exarch is similar to position of Latin <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">auxiliary bishop</a> towards his superior <a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">diocesan bishop</a>. Auxiliary exarchs are appointed without the rights of succession. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_Eastern_Catholic_exarchates">List of Eastern Catholic exarchates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarch&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: List of Eastern Catholic exarchates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following Eastern Catholic exarchates can be found in the 2006 <i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i> and newer sources.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Apostolic Exarchates are exempt, i.e. immediately subject to the Holy See, rather than to their Patriarch or other head of the particular Church </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Byzantine_Catholic_Church" title="Greek Byzantine Catholic Church">Greek Byzantine Catholic Church</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Greece" title="Greek Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Greece">Greek Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Greece</a> in Athens</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Istanbul" title="Greek Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Istanbul">Greek Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Istanbul</a> (alias Constantinople; Turkey)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Melkite Catholic Church">Melkite (Greek) Catholic Church</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Melkite Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Argentina">Melkite Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Melkite Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Venezuela">Melkite Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Venezuela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Russian Greek Catholic Church">Russian Greek Catholic Church</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Harbin" title="Russian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Harbin">Russian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Harbin</a> (China)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Russia" title="Russian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Russia">Russian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church">Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Czech Republic">Ruthenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius_of_Toronto" title="Exarchate of Saints Cyril and Methodius of Toronto">Exarchate of Saints Cyril and Methodius of Toronto</a> (since 2022)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Germany_and_Scandinavia" title="Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Germany and Scandinavia">Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Germany and Scandinavia</a> for Germany and Scandinavia (Finland, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Italy" title="Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Italy">Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Italy</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Antiochian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiochian Rite">Antiochian Rite</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite Church</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Colombia" title="Maronite Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Colombia">Maronite Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Colombia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac (Syrian) Catholic Church</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_for_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate for Canada">Syrian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate for Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Venezuela" title="Syriac Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Venezuela">Syriac Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Venezuela</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian Rite</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian Catholic Church</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Latin_America_and_Mexico" title="Armenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Latin America and Mexico">Armenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Latin America and Mexico</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Patriarchal_Exarchates">Patriarchal Exarchates</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarch&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Patriarchal Exarchates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian Rite</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian Catholic Church</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Patriarchal_Exarchate_of_Damascus" title="Armenian Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Damascus">Armenian Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Damascus</a> (Syria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Patriarchal_Exarchate_of_Jerusalem_and_Amman" title="Armenian Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Jerusalem and Amman">Armenian Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Jerusalem and Amman</a> (Palestine, Israel and Jordan)</li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Melkite Catholic Church">Melkite (Greek) Catholic Church</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Catholic_Patriarchal_Exarchate_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Melkite Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Iraq">Melkite Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Catholic_Patriarchal_Exarchate_of_Istanbul" class="mw-redirect" title="Melkite Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Istanbul">Melkite Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Istanbul</a> (Turkey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Catholic_Patriarchal_Exarchate_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Melkite Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Kuwait">Melkite Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Kuwait</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Antiochian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiochian Rite">Antiochian Rite</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite Church</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Catholic_Patriarchal_Exarchate_of_Jerusalem_and_Palestine" title="Maronite Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Jerusalem and Palestine">Maronite Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Jerusalem and Palestine</a> (Palestine, Israel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Catholic_Patriarchal_Exarchate_of_Jordan" title="Maronite Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Jordan">Maronite Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Jordan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac (Syrian) Catholic Church</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Patriarchal_Exarchate_of_Bassorah_and_the_Gulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Syriac Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Bassorah and the Gulf">Syriac Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Bassorah and the Gulf</a> (Iraq, Kuwait etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Patriarchal_Exarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Syriac Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Jerusalem">Syriac Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Jerusalem</a> (Palestine, Israel and Jordan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Patriarchal_Exarchate_of_Turkey" title="Syriac Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Turkey">Syriac Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Turkey</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Archiepiscopal_Exarchates">Archiepiscopal Exarchates</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarch&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Archiepiscopal Exarchates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian (Greek) Catholic Church</a>, in Ukraine: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Archiepiscopal_Exarchate_of_Donetsk" title="Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Donetsk">Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Donetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Archiepiscopal_Exarchate_of_Kharkiv" title="Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Kharkiv">Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Archiepiscopal_Exarchate_of_Lutsk" title="Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Lutsk">Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Lutsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Archiepiscopal_Exarchate_of_Odesa" title="Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Odesa">Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Odesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Archiepiscopal_Exarchate_of_Krym" title="Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Krym">Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Krym</a> (Crimea), on the Russian-annexed Crimea, with cathedral see at Simferopol</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Former_Eastern_Catholic_Exarchates">Former Eastern Catholic Exarchates</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarch&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Former Eastern Catholic Exarchates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>(probably still incomplete)</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Former_Eastern_Catholic_Exarchates_in_the_Old_World">Former Eastern Catholic Exarchates in the Old World</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarch&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Former Eastern Catholic Exarchates in the Old World"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><i>in Europe</i> – Byzantine Rite</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Sofia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Sofia">Bulgarian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Sofia</a> (1926–2019, elevated to Eparchy in 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Turkey_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Turkey of Europe">Greek Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Turkey of Europe</a> (now of Istanbul)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Miskolc" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Miskolc">Hungarian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Miskolc</a> (Hungary; promoted to eparchy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Exarchate_of_%C5%81emkowszczyzna" title="Apostolic Exarchate of Łemkowszczyzna">Apostolic Exarchate of Łemkowszczyzna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Archiepiscopal_Exarchate_of_Donetsk-Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Donetsk-Kharkiv">Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Donetsk-Kharkiv</a> (Ukraine; split in both named cities)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_Catholic_Archiepiscopal_Exarchate_of_Lutsk-Volyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Lutsk-Volyn (page does not exist)">Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Lutsk-Volyn</a> (Ukraine; split in ?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_Catholic_Archiepiscopal_Exarchate_of_Odesa-Crimea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Odesa-Crimea (page does not exist)">Ukrainian Catholic Archiepiscopal Exarchate of Odesa-Crimea</a> (Ukraine; split in both named parts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Exarchate of Serbia and Montenegro">Apostolic Exarchate of Serbia and Montenegro</a> (2003–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Serbia">Byzantine Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Serbia</a> (2013–2018, elevated as Eparchy in 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Exarchate of Macedonia">Apostolic Exarchate of Macedonia</a> (2001–2018, elevated as an Eparchy in 2018)</li></ul> <p><b><i>in Asia</i> – Armenian Rite</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Patriarchal_Exarchate_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Jerusalem">Armenian Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Jerusalem</a> (Palestine, Israel and Jordan, now 'Jerusalem and Amman')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Patriarchal_Exarchate_of_Syria" title="Armenian Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Syria">Armenian Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Syria</a> (suppressed)</li></ul> <p><b><i>in Asia</i> – Antiochian Rite</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Catholic_Patriarchal_Exarchate_of_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Lebanon">Syrian Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Lebanon</a> (national; suppressed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Exarchate_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Exarchate in the United States">Syro-Malankara Catholic Exarchate in the United States</a> (USA; promoted Eparchy of St. Mary, Queen of Peace, of the United States of America and Canada)</li></ul> <p><b><i>in Asia</i> – Syro-Oriental Rite</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Chanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Apostolic Exarchate of Chanda">Syro-Malabar Apostolic Exarchate of Chanda</a> (India; promoted eparchy)</li></ul> <p><b><i>in Africa</i> – Alexandrian Rite</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Addis_Abbeba" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Exarchate of Addis Abbeba">Apostolic Exarchate of Addis Abbeba</a> (Ethiopic Catholic; promoted Metropolitanate sui iuris)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Asmara" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Exarchate of Asmara">Apostolic Exarchate of Asmara</a> (Eritrean Catholic)</li></ul> <p><i><b>in Africa – Antiochian Rite</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Western_and_Central_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Maronite Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Western and Central Africa">Maronite Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Western and Central Africa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Former_Eastern_Catholic_Exarchates_in_the_New_World">Former Eastern Catholic Exarchates in the New World</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarch&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Former Eastern Catholic Exarchates in the New World"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><i>in the Americas</i> – Antiochian Rite</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maronite_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_the_USA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maronite Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of the USA (page does not exist)">Maronite Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of the USA</a></li></ul> <p><b><i>in the Americas</i> – Armenian Rite</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Latin_America_and_Mexico" title="Armenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Latin America and Mexico">Armenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Latin America and Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_the_USA_and_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of the USA and Canada (page does not exist)">Armenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of the USA and Canada</a></li></ul> <p><b><i>in the Americas</i> – Byzantine Rite</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_the_USA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of the USA (page does not exist)">Romanian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of the USA</a> (US and Canada)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruthenian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_the_USA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruthenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of the USA (page does not exist)">Ruthenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of the USA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melkite_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_the_USA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melkite Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of the USA (page does not exist)">Melkite Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of the USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Canada">Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Central_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Central Canada">Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Central Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Eastern_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Eastern Canada">Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Eastern Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Edmonton" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Edmonton">Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Edmonton</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Manitoba">Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Manitoba</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Saskatoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Saskatoon">Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Saskatoon</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Stamford" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Stamford">Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Stamford</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Toronto" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Toronto">Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Toronto</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_the_USA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of the USA (page does not exist)">Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of the USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Western_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Western Canada">Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Western Canada</a></li></ul> <p><b><i>in the Americas</i> – <a href="/wiki/Syro-Oriental_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Oriental Rite">Syro-Oriental Rite</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaldean_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_the_USA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaldean Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of the USA (page does not exist)">Chaldean Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of the USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar Catholic Church</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Canada">Syro-Malabar Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Canada</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarch&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 34em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyendorff1989-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyendorff1989_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyendorff1989_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyendorff1989_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeyendorff1989">Meyendorff 1989</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1956-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1956_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOstrogorsky1956">Ostrogorsky 1956</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://droitromain.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/Corpus/Nov131.htm">https://droitromain.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/Corpus/Nov131.htm</a> ; "sancimus secundum earum [scil. a sanctis quattuor conciliis] definitiones sanctissimum senioris Romae papam primum esse omnium sacerdotum, beatissimum autem archiepiscopum Constantinopoleos Novae Romae secundum habere locum post sanctam apostolicam sedem senioris Romae, aliis autem omnibus sedibus praeponatur."; "we order that, according what decided by them [the Councils of <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Ephesus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a>] the pope of Rome shall be the first of all priests, then the very blessed archbishop of Constantinople New Rome shall have the second place after the holy, senior apostolic seat of Rome, by them all other seats shall be outranked."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Fortescue, <i>Orthodox Eastern Church</i>, 21–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFortescue1908295,_304–305,_351-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFortescue1908295,_304–305,_351_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFortescue1908">Fortescue 1908</a>, p. 295, 304–305, 351.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMoss" class="citation web cs1">Moss, Vladimir. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romanitas.ru/eng/NEW%20ZION%20IN%20BABYLON%20-%20ch.%202.htm">"The Orthodox Church in the Twentieth Century"</a>. <i>romanitas.ru</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=romanitas.ru&rft.atitle=The+Orthodox+Church+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.romanitas.ru%2Feng%2FNEW%2520ZION%2520IN%2520BABYLON%2520-%2520ch.%25202.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExarch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oca.org/CAdioceseMX.asp?SID=8">"Dioceses - Diocese of Mexico"</a>. <i>www.oca.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oca.org&rft.atitle=Dioceses+-+Diocese+of+Mexico&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oca.org%2FCAdioceseMX.asp%3FSID%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExarch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheney" class="citation web cs1">Cheney, David M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dseby.html">"Serbia (Apostolic Exarchate)"</a>. <i>Catholic Hierarchy</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Hierarchy&rft.atitle=Serbia+%28Apostolic+Exarchate%29&rft.aulast=Cheney&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic-hierarchy.org%2Fdiocese%2Fdseby.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExarch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheney" class="citation web cs1">Cheney, David M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bproykov.html">"Bishop Christo Proykov"</a>. <i>Catholic Hierarchy]</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Hierarchy%5D&rft.atitle=Bishop+Christo+Proykov&rft.aulast=Cheney&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic-hierarchy.org%2Fbishop%2Fbproykov.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExarch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/data/type-apex.htm">"Catholic Dioceses in the World (Apostolic Exarchates)"</a>. <i>www.gcatholic.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gcatholic.org&rft.atitle=Catholic+Dioceses+in+the+World+%28Apostolic+Exarchates%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gcatholic.org%2Fdioceses%2Fdata%2Ftype-apex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExarch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarch&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortescue1908" class="citation book cs1">Fortescue, Adrian (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_UPr1ZCxPW6QC"><i>The Orthodox Eastern Church</i></a>. London: Catholic Truth Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Orthodox+Eastern+Church&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Catholic+Truth+Society&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Fortescue&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_UPr1ZCxPW6QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExarch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstrogorsky1956" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Ostrogorsky" title="George Ostrogorsky">Ostrogorsky, George</a> (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt0_AAAAYAAJ"><i>History of the Byzantine State</i></a>. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Byzantine+State&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Basil+Blackwell&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Ostrogorsky&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBt0_AAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExarch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyendorff1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Meyendorff" title="John Meyendorff">Meyendorff, John</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6J_YAAAAMAAJ"><i>Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D.</i></a> The Church in history. Vol. 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780881410563" title="Special:BookSources/9780881410563"><bdi>9780881410563</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+unity+and+Christian+divisions%3A+The+Church+450-680+A.D.&rft.place=Crestwood%2C+NY&rft.series=The+Church+in+history&rft.pub=St.+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780881410563&rft.aulast=Meyendorff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6J_YAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExarch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNedungatt2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Nedungatt" title="George Nedungatt">Nedungatt, George</a>, ed. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1fEkAQAAIAAJ"><i>A Guide to the Eastern Code: A Commentary on the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches</i></a>. Rome: Oriental Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788872103364" title="Special:BookSources/9788872103364"><bdi>9788872103364</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+the+Eastern+Code%3A+A+Commentary+on+the+Code+of+Canons+of+the+Eastern+Churches&rft.place=Rome&rft.pub=Oriental+Institute+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9788872103364&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1fEkAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExarch" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarch&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdrian_Fortescue1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Fortescue" title="Adrian Fortescue">Adrian Fortescue</a> (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Exarch" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Exarch">Exarch</a>". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Exarch&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.au=Adrian+Fortescue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExarch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Exarch"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Exarch">"Exarch" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Exarch&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExarch" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Giga-Catholic Information: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/dioc-rite.htm">Rites</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/data/typeapex.htm">Apostolic Exarchates</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/data/typeptex.htm">Patriarchal Exarchates</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/data/typearex.htm">Archiepiscopal Exarchates</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Religious_Organizations.html">WorldStatesmen- Religious Organisations</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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