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class="mw-page-title-main">360-degree video</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88_360_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9" title="فيديو 360 درجة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيديو 360 درجة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADdeo_360%C2%B0" title="Vídeo 360° – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vídeo 360°" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/360stup%C5%88ov%C3%A9_video" title="360stupňové video – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="360stupňové video" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/360-Grad-Video" title="360-Grad-Video – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="360-Grad-Video" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoraamvideo" title="Panoraamvideo – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Panoraamvideo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_inmersivo" title="Video inmersivo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Video inmersivo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/360-grada_video" title="360-grada video – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="360-grada video" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vid%C3%A9o_immersive" title="Vidéo immersive – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vidéo immersive" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_immersivo" title="Video immersivo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Video immersivo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_sferyczny" title="Film sferyczny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Film sferyczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/360-%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE" title="360-градусне відео – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="360-градусне відео" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91" title="全景视频 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="全景视频" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4011366#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Hundra_knektars_marsch_p%C3%A5_Forum_Vulgaris.webm/220px--Hundra_knektars_marsch_p%C3%A5_Forum_Vulgaris.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="110" data-durationhint="228" data-mwtitle="Hundra_knektars_marsch_på_Forum_Vulgaris.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Hundra_knektars_marsch_p%C3%A5_Forum_Vulgaris.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/Hundra_knektars_marsch_p%C3%A5_Forum_Vulgaris.webm/Hundra_knektars_marsch_p%C3%A5_Forum_Vulgaris.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="428" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/Hundra_knektars_marsch_p%C3%A5_Forum_Vulgaris.webm/Hundra_knektars_marsch_p%C3%A5_Forum_Vulgaris.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="640" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Hundra_knektars_marsch_p%C3%A5_Forum_Vulgaris.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="960" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/Hundra_knektars_marsch_p%C3%A5_Forum_Vulgaris.webm/Hundra_knektars_marsch_p%C3%A5_Forum_Vulgaris.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="960" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/Hundra_knektars_marsch_p%C3%A5_Forum_Vulgaris.webm/Hundra_knektars_marsch_p%C3%A5_Forum_Vulgaris.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="128" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/Hundra_knektars_marsch_p%C3%A5_Forum_Vulgaris.webm/Hundra_knektars_marsch_p%C3%A5_Forum_Vulgaris.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="214" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/Hundra_knektars_marsch_p%C3%A5_Forum_Vulgaris.webm/Hundra_knektars_marsch_p%C3%A5_Forum_Vulgaris.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="320" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/Hundra_knektars_marsch_p%C3%A5_Forum_Vulgaris.webm/Hundra_knektars_marsch_p%C3%A5_Forum_Vulgaris.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="320" /></video></span><figcaption>Sample 360-degree video in 360x180 equirectangular format.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>360-degree videos</b>, also known as <b>surround video</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>immersive videos</b><sup id="cite_ref-quartz-immersive_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quartz-immersive-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>spherical videos</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-tc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are <a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">video</a> recordings where a view in every direction is recorded at the same time, shot using an <a href="/wiki/Omnidirectional_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Omnidirectional camera">omnidirectional camera</a> or a collection of cameras. The term 360x180 can be used to indicate 360° of <a href="/wiki/Azimuth" title="Azimuth">azimuth</a> and 180° from <a href="/wiki/Nadir" title="Nadir">nadir</a> to <a href="/wiki/Zenith" title="Zenith">zenith</a>. During playback on normal flat display the viewer has control of the viewing direction like a <a href="/wiki/Panorama" title="Panorama">panorama</a>. It can also be played on a display or projectors arranged in a sphere or some part of a sphere. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creation">Creation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=360-degree_video&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Creation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ricoh_Theta_S_camera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ricoh_Theta_S_camera.jpg/220px-Ricoh_Theta_S_camera.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ricoh_Theta_S_camera.jpg/330px-Ricoh_Theta_S_camera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ricoh_Theta_S_camera.jpg/440px-Ricoh_Theta_S_camera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Some omnidirectional cameras contain wide-angle lenses on the front and rear to facilitate the recording of 360-degree video.</figcaption></figure> <p>360-degree video is typically recorded using either a special rig of multiple cameras, or using a dedicated camera that contains multiple camera lenses embedded into the device, and recording overlapping angles simultaneously.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specialized <a href="/wiki/Omnidirectional_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Omnidirectional camera">omnidirectional cameras</a> and rigs have been developed for the purpose of recording 360-degree video, including rigs such as <a href="/wiki/GoPro" title="GoPro">GoPro</a>'s Omni and Odyssey (which consist of multiple <a href="/wiki/Action_camera" title="Action camera">action cameras</a> installed within a frame), and contained cameras like the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_OZO" title="Nokia OZO">Nokia OZO</a>. There have also been handheld dual-lens cameras such as the Ricoh Theta S, <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Gear_360" title="Samsung Gear 360">Samsung Gear 360</a>, Garmin VIRB 360, and the Kogeto Dot 360—a panoramic camera lens accessory for <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a> <a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">cameras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cnet-thetas_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnet-thetas-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pocketlint-vr_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pocketlint-vr-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This separate footage is <a href="/wiki/Image_stitching" title="Image stitching">stitched</a> into one spherical video piece, and the color and contrast of each shot is calibrated to be consistent with the others.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This process is done either by the camera itself, or using specialized software that can analyze common visuals and audio to synchronize and link the different camera feeds together. Generally, the only area that cannot be viewed is the view toward the camera support.<sup id="cite_ref-cnet-10things_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnet-10things-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>360-degree video is typically formatted in an <a href="/wiki/Equirectangular_projection" title="Equirectangular projection">equirectangular projection</a><sup id="cite_ref-mashable-180youtube_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mashable-180youtube-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is either monoscopic, with one image directed to both eyes, or <a href="/wiki/Stereoscopic" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereoscopic">stereoscopic</a>, viewed as two distinct images directed individually to each eye for a 3D effect.<sup id="cite_ref-cnet-10things_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnet-10things-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to this projection and stitching, equirectangular video exhibits a lower quality in the middle of the image than at the top and bottom.<sup id="cite_ref-mashable-180youtube_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mashable-180youtube-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spherical videos are frequently in <a href="/wiki/Curvilinear_perspective" title="Curvilinear perspective">curvilinear perspective</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Fisheye_lens" title="Fisheye lens">fisheye</a> effect. The heavy <a href="/wiki/Distortion_(optics)" title="Distortion (optics)">barrel distortion</a> often requires <a href="/wiki/Rectilinear_lens" title="Rectilinear lens">rectilinear correction</a> before applications in detection, tracking or navigation.<sup id="cite_ref-RanSpherical_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RanSpherical-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some storytellers refer to 360-degree video that uses professional cinematic production techniques such as <a href="/wiki/Lighting_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lighting designer">lighting design</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sound_design" title="Sound design">sound design</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scenic_design" title="Scenic design">scenic design</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blocking_(stage)" title="Blocking (stage)">blocking</a> techniques as <a href="/wiki/Cinematic_virtual_reality_(cine-VR)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinematic virtual reality (cine-VR)">cinematic virtual reality</a> (or cine-VR for short).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Playback">Playback</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=360-degree_video&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Playback"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>360-degree videos are typically viewed via <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">mobile devices</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a>, or dedicated <a href="/wiki/Head-mounted_display" title="Head-mounted display">head-mounted displays</a>. Users can pan around the video by clicking and dragging. On smartphones, internal sensors such as the <a href="/wiki/Gyroscope" title="Gyroscope">gyroscope</a> can also be used to pan the video based on the orientation of the device. Taking advantage of this behavior, <a href="/wiki/Stereoscope" title="Stereoscope">stereoscope</a>-style enclosures for smartphones (such as <a href="/wiki/Google_Cardboard" title="Google Cardboard">Google Cardboard</a> viewers and the <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Gear_VR" title="Samsung Gear VR">Samsung Gear VR</a>) can be used to view 360-degree videos in an immersive format similar to <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">virtual reality</a>. The phone display is viewed through lenses contained within the enclosure, as opposed to virtual reality headsets that contain their own dedicated displays.<sup id="cite_ref-wired-youtubevr_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired-youtubevr-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pocketlint-headsets_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pocketlint-headsets-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publishing">Publishing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=360-degree_video&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Publishing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Assembled_Google_Cardboard_VR_mount.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Assembled_Google_Cardboard_VR_mount.jpg/220px-Assembled_Google_Cardboard_VR_mount.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Assembled_Google_Cardboard_VR_mount.jpg/330px-Assembled_Google_Cardboard_VR_mount.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Assembled_Google_Cardboard_VR_mount.jpg/440px-Assembled_Google_Cardboard_VR_mount.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Google_Cardboard" title="Google Cardboard">Google Cardboard</a> viewer.</figcaption></figure> <p>In March 2015, <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> launched support for publishing and viewing 360-degree videos, with playback on its website and its <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">mobile apps</a>. Parent company <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> also announced that it would collaborate with camera manufacturers to make it easier for creators to upload 360-degree content recorded with their products to YouTube.<sup id="cite_ref-wired-youtubevr_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired-youtubevr-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 2017, Google and YouTube began to promote an alternative monoscopic or stereoscopic video format known as VR180, which is limited to a 180-degree field of view, but is promoted as being more accessible to produce than 360-degree video, and allowing more depth to be maintained by not subjecting the video to equirectangular projection <sup id="cite_ref-mashable-180youtube_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mashable-180youtube-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> (parent company of VR headset maker <a href="/wiki/Oculus_VR" class="mw-redirect" title="Oculus VR">Oculus VR</a>) followed suit by adding 360-degree video support in September 2015, and subsequently unveiled reference designs for its own 360-degree camera systems known as Facebook Surround 360.<sup id="cite_ref-tc_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Facebook announced in March 2017 that more than 1 million 360-degree videos had been uploaded to Facebook to date.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vimeo" title="Vimeo">Vimeo</a> also launched 360-degree video support in March 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Google Cardboard, which is typically distributed in the form of do-it-yourself kits consisting of low-cost materials and components,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has been credited with helping virtual reality become more readily available to the general public, and helping boost the adoption of 360-degree video by publishers, such as mainstream journalists and media brands.<sup id="cite_ref-journalism_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journalism-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of the term "virtual reality" to describe 360-degree video has been disputed, as VR typically refers to interactive experiences wherein the viewer's motions can be tracked to allow real-time interactions within a virtual environment, with orientation and <a href="/wiki/Positional_tracking" class="mw-redirect" title="Positional tracking">position tracking</a>. In 360-degree video, the locations of viewers are fixed, viewers are limited to the angles captured by the cameras, and cannot interact with the environment. The non-dynamic nature of video also means that rendering techniques cannot be used to reduce the risk of <a href="/wiki/Motion_sickness" title="Motion sickness">motion sickness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=360-degree_video&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>6DOF video: stereoscopic 360-degree video which also captures depth and allows for <a href="/wiki/Six_degrees_of_freedom" title="Six degrees of freedom">six degrees of freedom</a> in navigation within the captured environment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volumetric_video" class="mw-redirect" title="Volumetric video">Volumetric video</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=360-degree_video&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinematography" title="Cinematography">Cinematography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_cinema" title="Digital cinema">Digital cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/360_photography_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="360 photography (disambiguation)">360 photography (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/360_video_projection" title="360 video projection">360 video projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnidirectional_(360-degree)_camera" title="Omnidirectional (360-degree) camera">360 degree camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSG_Sphere_at_The_Venetian" class="mw-redirect" title="MSG Sphere at The Venetian">MSG Sphere</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=360-degree_video&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNielsen2005" 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"Surround video: a multihead camera approach". <i>The Visual Computer</i>. <b>1</b> (1). Springer: <span class="nowrap">92–</span>103. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00371-004-0273-z">10.1007/s00371-004-0273-z</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2000070">2000070</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Visual+Computer&rft.atitle=Surround+video%3A+a+multihead+camera+approach&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E92-%3C%2Fspan%3E103&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00371-004-0273-z&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2000070%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A360-degree+video" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quartz-immersive-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-quartz-immersive_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://qz.com/562697/with-googles-new-immersive-videos-you-can-feel-what-its-like-to-be-a-ballet-dancer/">"With Google's new immersive videos, you can feel what it's like to be a ballet dancer"</a>. <i>Quartz</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Engadget&rft.atitle=Google+starts+selling+Cardboard+VR+viewers+through+its+store&rft.date=2016-02-29&rft.aulast=Fingas&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2016%2F02%2F29%2Fgoogle-sells-cardboard-through-its-store%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A360-degree+video" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-journalism-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-journalism_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScott2016" class="citation news cs1">Scott, Caroline (February 19, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journalism.co.uk/news/how-to-get-involved-in-the-rise-of-360-degree-video-/s2/a611715/">"How to get involved in the rise of 360-degree video"</a>. <i>Journalism.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journalism.co.uk&rft.atitle=How+to+get+involved+in+the+rise+of+360-degree+video&rft.date=2016-02-19&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journalism.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fhow-to-get-involved-in-the-rise-of-360-degree-video-%2Fs2%2Fa611715%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A360-degree+video" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/virtual-reality-terminology-vr-vs-ar-vs-360-video/">"Virtual reality doesn't mean what you think it means"</a>. <i>CNET</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired.com&rft.atitle=Stop+Calling+Google+Cardboard%27s+360-Degree+Videos+%27VR%27&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2015%2F11%2F360-video-isnt-virtual-reality%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A360-degree+video" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=360-degree_video&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinematic_virtual_reality" title="Cinematic virtual reality">Cinematic virtual reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-mediated_reality" title="Computer-mediated reality">Computer-mediated reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersion_(virtual_reality)" title="Immersion (virtual reality)">Immersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaverse" title="Metaverse">Metaverse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avatar_(computing)" title="Avatar (computing)">Avatar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-set_virtual_production" title="On-set virtual production">On-set virtual production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_world" title="Persistent world">Persistent world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projection_augmented_model" title="Projection augmented model">Projection augmented model</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Room-scale" title="Room-scale">Room-scale</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_degrees_of_freedom" title="Six degrees of freedom">Six degrees of freedom (6DoF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_computing" title="Spatial computing">Spatial computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telepresence" title="Telepresence">Telepresence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_applications" title="Virtual reality applications">Virtual reality applications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_sickness" title="Virtual reality sickness">Virtual reality sickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_world" title="Virtual world">Virtual world</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filter_(social_media)" title="Filter (social media)">Camera filter</a></li> <li><a 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style="width:1%">Display</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EyeTap" title="EyeTap">EyeTap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head-mounted_display" title="Head-mounted display">Head-mounted display</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_head-mounted_display" title="Optical head-mounted display">optical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head-up_display" title="Head-up display">Head-up display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancake_lens#Other_uses" title="Pancake lens">Pancake lens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartglasses" title="Smartglasses">Smartglasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_headset" title="Virtual reality headset">Virtual reality headset</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_virtual_reality_headsets" title="List of virtual reality headsets">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_retinal_display" title="Virtual retinal display">Virtual retinal display</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3D interaction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface" title="Brain–computer interface">Brain–computer interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_tracking" title="Eye tracking">Eye tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_motion_capture" title="Facial motion capture">Facial motion capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_tracking" title="Finger tracking">Finger/hand tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pose_tracking" title="Pose tracking">Pose tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_localization_and_mapping" title="Simultaneous localization and mapping">Simultaneous localization and mapping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_reprojection" title="Asynchronous reprojection">Asynchronous reprojection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foveated_rendering" title="Foveated rendering">Foveated rendering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image-based_modeling_and_rendering" title="Image-based modeling and rendering">Image-based modeling and rendering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3D_audio_effect" title="3D audio effect">Spatial audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Photography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">360-degree video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_viewpoint_television" title="Free viewpoint television">Free viewpoint television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnidirectional_(360-degree)_camera" title="Omnidirectional (360-degree) camera">Omnidirectional (360-degree) camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_photography" title="VR photography">VR photography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haptic_suit" title="Haptic suit">Haptic suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnidirectional_treadmill" title="Omnidirectional treadmill">Omnidirectional treadmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wearable_computer" title="Wearable computer">Wearable computer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_accessories" title="Category:Virtual reality accessories">Peripherals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberith_Virtualizer" title="Cyberith Virtualizer">Cyberith Virtualizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_Motion" title="Leap Motion">Leap Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Touch" title="Oculus Touch">Oculus Touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Move" title="PlayStation Move">PlayStation Move</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razer_Hydra" title="Razer Hydra">Razer Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuix_Omni" title="Virtuix Omni">Virtuix Omni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wired_glove" title="Wired glove">Wired glove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizdish_ROVR" title="Wizdish ROVR">Wizdish ROVR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_organizations" title="Category:Virtual reality organizations">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brilliant_Labs" title="Brilliant Labs">Brilliant Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ByteDance" title="ByteDance">ByteDance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTC" title="HTC">HTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khronos_Group" title="Khronos Group">Khronos Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Leap" title="Magic Leap">Magic Leap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta Platforms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reality_Labs" title="Reality Labs">Reality Labs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niantic,_Inc." title="Niantic, Inc.">Niantic, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimax" title="Pimax">Pimax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rokoko_(company)" title="Rokoko (company)">Rokoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Electronics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve_Corporation" title="Valve Corporation">Valve Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varjo" title="Varjo">Varjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuzix" title="Vuzix">Vuzix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_headsets" title="Category:Virtual reality headsets">Devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Vision_Pro" title="Apple Vision Pro">Apple Vision Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden-i" title="Golden-i">Golden-i headsets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTC_Vive" title="HTC Vive">HTC Vive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Leap" title="Magic Leap">Magic Leap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_3" title="Meta Quest 3">Meta Quest 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_3S" title="Meta Quest 3S">3S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Virtual_Reality" title="Open Source Virtual Reality">Open Source Virtual Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICO_4" title="PICO 4">PICO 4 Ultra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimax" title="Pimax">Pimax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_VR2" title="PlayStation VR2">PlayStation VR2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve_Index" title="Valve Index">Valve Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuzix" title="Vuzix">Vuzix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AntVR" title="AntVR">AntVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CastAR" title="CastAR">castAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPL_Research" title="VPL Research">EyePhone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cardboard" title="Google Cardboard">Google Cardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Daydream" title="Google Daydream">Google Daydream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Glass" title="Google Glass">Google Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Image" title="Liquid Image">Liquid Image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_Pro" title="Meta Quest Pro">Meta Quest Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_HoloLens" title="Microsoft HoloLens">Microsoft HoloLens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HoloLens_2" title="HoloLens 2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Go" title="Oculus Go">Oculus Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Quest" title="Oculus Quest">Oculus Quest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_2" title="Quest 2">Oculus/Meta Quest 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift" title="Oculus Rift">Oculus Rift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift_CV1" title="Oculus Rift CV1">CV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift_S" title="Oculus Rift S">S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICO_4" title="PICO 4">PICO 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_VR" title="PlayStation VR">PlayStation VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Gear_VR" title="Samsung Gear VR">Samsung Gear VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensorama" title="Sensorama">Sensorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SixthSense" title="SixthSense">SixthSense</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sword_of_Damocles_(virtual_reality)" title="The Sword of Damocles (virtual reality)">The Sword of Damocles</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VFX1_Headgear" title="VFX1 Headgear">VFX1 Headgear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Boy" title="Virtual Boy">Virtual Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_fixture" title="Virtual fixture">Virtual fixture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuality_(product)" title="Virtuality (product)">Virtuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR-1" title="VR-1">VR-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unreleased</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Iris" title="Project Iris">Project Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_VR" title="Sega VR">Sega VR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_works" title="Category:Virtual reality works">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">Interactive art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_graffiti" title="Virtual graffiti">Virtual graffiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaverse" title="Metaverse">Metaverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pervasive_game" title="Pervasive game">Pervasive game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_software_related_to_augmented_reality" title="List of software related to augmented reality">Software related to augmented reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_game" title="Virtual reality game">Virtual reality game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating systems and<br />desktop environments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_XR" title="Android XR">Android XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Horizon_OS" title="Meta Horizon OS">Meta Horizon OS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Horizon_OS_version_history" title="Meta Horizon OS version history">version history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS" title="VisionOS">visionOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mixed_Reality" title="Windows Mixed Reality">Windows Mixed Reality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development tools and<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Video_game_engines" title="Category:Video game engines">game engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-Frame_(virtual_reality_framework)" title="A-Frame (virtual reality framework)">A-Frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARCore" title="ARCore">ARCore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARKit" title="ARKit">ARKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARToolKit" title="ARToolKit">ARToolKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godot_(game_engine)" title="Godot (game engine)">Godot Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jetpack_Compose" title="Jetpack Compose">Jetpack Compose XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Horizon_OS" title="Meta Horizon OS">Meta Spatial SDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenVR" title="OpenVR">OpenVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenXR" title="OpenXR">OpenXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS" title="VisionOS">RealityKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%26box" title="S&box">S&box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SwiftUI" title="SwiftUI">SwiftUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS_2" class="mw-redirect" title="VisionOS 2">TabletopKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_(game_engine)" title="Unity (game engine)">Unity</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Universal_Scene_Description" title="Universal Scene Description">Universal Scene Description</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unreal_Engine" title="Unreal Engine">Unreal Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuforia_Augmented_Reality_SDK" title="Vuforia Augmented Reality SDK">Vuforia Augmented Reality SDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_games" title="Category:Virtual reality games">Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_HTC_Vive_games" title="List of HTC Vive games">List of HTC Vive games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Meta_Quest_games" title="List of Meta Quest games">List of Meta Quest games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oculus_Rift_games" title="List of Oculus Rift games">List of Oculus Rift games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_VR_games" title="List of PlayStation VR games">List of PlayStation VR games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_VR2_games" title="List of PlayStation VR2 games">VR2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_communities" title="Category:Virtual reality communities">Communities and<br />social networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AltspaceVR" title="AltspaceVR">AltspaceVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a> for visionOS</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horizon_Worlds" title="Horizon Worlds">Horizon Worlds</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeosVR" title="NeosVR">NeosVR</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rec_Room_(video_game)" title="Rec Room (video game)">Rec Room</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resonite" title="Resonite">Resonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansar_(video_game)" title="Sansar (video game)">Sansar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensorium_Corporation" title="Sensorium Corporation">Sensorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinespace" title="Sinespace">Sinespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VRChat" title="VRChat">VRChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTime_XR" title="VTime XR">VTime XR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_pioneers" title="Category:Virtual reality pioneers">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Bekaert" title="Philippe Bekaert">Philippe Bekaert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Benayoun" title="Maurice Benayoun">Maurice Benayoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Birrell" title="Simon Birrell">Simon Birrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Bolas" title="Mark Bolas">Mark Bolas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Bradley_(actor)" title="Brendan Bradley (actor)">Brendan Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Brooks" title="Fred Brooks">Fred Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%A1tjan_Burger" title="Boštjan Burger">Boštjan Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carmack" title="John Carmack">John Carmack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Cruz-Neira" title="Carolina Cruz-Neira">Carolina Cruz-Neira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ela_Darling" title="Ela Darling">Ela Darling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char_Davies" title="Char Davies">Char Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._DeFanti" title="Thomas A. DeFanti">Thomas A. DeFanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_K._Feiner" title="Steven K. Feiner">Steven K. Feiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Fisher_(technologist)" title="Scott Fisher (technologist)">Scott Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Foster_II" title="Jerome Foster II">Jerome Foster II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fuchs" title="Henry Fuchs">Henry Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Furness_III" title="Thomas A. Furness III">Thomas A. Furness III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_Heilig" title="Morton Heilig">Morton Heilig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Howlett" title="Eric Howlett">Eric Howlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Iribe" title="Brendan Iribe">Brendan Iribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myron_W._Krueger" title="Myron W. Krueger">Myron W. Krueger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaron_Lanier" title="Jaron Lanier">Jaron Lanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Laurel" title="Brenda Laurel">Brenda Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_C._Lin" title="Ming C. Lin">Ming C. Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Bowen_Loftin" title="R. Bowen Loftin">R. Bowen Loftin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer_Luckey" title="Palmer Luckey">Palmer Luckey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Stephen_Meadows" title="Mark Stephen Meadows">Mark Stephen Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_and_Uri_Kranot" title="Michelle and Uri Kranot">Michelle and Uri Kranot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Parisi_(software_developer)" title="Tony Parisi (software developer)">Tony Parisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonny_de_la_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Nonny de la Peña">Nonny de la Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Petridis" title="Elia Petridis">Elia Petridis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundar_Pichai" title="Sundar Pichai">Sundar Pichai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Robinett" title="Warren Robinett">Warren Robinett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_J._Rosenblum" title="Lawrence J. Rosenblum">Lawrence J. Rosenblum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Sandin" title="Daniel J. Sandin">Daniel J. Sandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Schmalstieg" title="Dieter Schmalstieg">Dieter Schmalstieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Sproull" title="Bob Sproull">Bob Sproull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Stenger" title="Nicole Stenger">Nicole Stenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Ivan Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tachi" title="Susumu Tachi">Susumu Tachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunpei_Yokoi" title="Gunpei Yokoi">Gunpei Yokoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_virtual_reality" title="Category:Fiction about virtual reality">In</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_augmented_reality" title="Category:Fiction about augmented reality">fiction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Accel_World" title="Accel World">Accel World</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Accel_World:_Infinite_Burst" title="Accel World: Infinite Burst">Infinite Burst</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Futurama" title="Futurama">Futurama</a></i>: <i><a href="/wiki/Attack_of_the_Killer_App" title="Attack of the Killer App">Attack of the Killer App</a></i></li> <li>Some <a href="/wiki/List_of_Black_Mirror_episodes" title="List of Black Mirror episodes">episodes</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Mirror" title="Black Mirror">Black Mirror</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_Lyoko" title="Code Lyoko">Code Lyoko</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_Lyoko:_Evolution" title="Code Lyoko: Evolution">Evolution</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Den-noh_Coil" title="Den-noh Coil">Den-noh Coil</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Digimon" title="Digimon">Digimon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dreamland_Chronicles" title="The Dreamland Chronicles">The Dreamland Chronicles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gundam_Build_Divers" title="Gundam Build Divers">Gundam Build Divers</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gundam_Build_Divers_Re:Rise" title="Gundam Build Divers Re:Rise">Re:Rise</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gundam_Build_Metaverse" title="Gundam Build Metaverse">Gundam Build Metaverse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a>'</i>s <a href="/wiki/Holodeck" title="Holodeck">Holodeck</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jumanji_(franchise)" title="Jumanji (franchise)">Jumanji</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jumanji:_The_Next_Level" title="Jumanji: The Next Level">The Next Level</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jumanji:_Welcome_to_the_Jungle" title="Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle">Welcome to the Jungle</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kiss_Me_First_(TV_series)" title="Kiss Me First (TV series)">Kiss Me First</a></i></li> <li><i><a 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