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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Eric Howlett</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Eric Howlett</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Eric Mayorga Howlett</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1926-12-27</span>)</span>December 27, 1926<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, Florida</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 11, 2011<span style="display:none">(2011-12-11)</span> (aged 84)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Inventor</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Eric Mayorga Howlett</b> (December 27, 1926 – December 11, 2011) was the inventor of the LEEP (Large Expanse Extra Perspective), extreme wide-angle <a href="/wiki/Stereoscopic" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereoscopic">stereoscopic</a> <a href="/wiki/Optics" title="Optics">optics</a> used in <a href="/wiki/Photographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Photographic">photographic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">virtual reality</a> systems.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Wayne Carlson, professor of design at Ohio State University, in 2005:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"The Large Expanse, Extra Perspective (LEEP) optical system was designed by Eric Howlett in 1979 and provides the basis for most of the current virtual reality helmets available today. The combined system gave a very wide field of view stereoscopic image. The users of the system have been impressed by the sensation of depth [field of view] in the scene and the corresponding realism. The original LEEP system was redesigned [used] for the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Ames_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA Ames Research Center">NASA Ames Research Center</a> in 1985 for their first virtual reality installation, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=VIEW_(Virtual_Interactive_Environment_Workstation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VIEW (Virtual Interactive Environment Workstation) (page does not exist)">VIEW (Virtual Interactive Environment Workstation)</a> by <a href="/wiki/Scott_Fisher_(technologist)" title="Scott Fisher (technologist)">Scott Fisher</a>."</p></blockquote> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Howlett&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Howlett was born in <a href="/wiki/Miami,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami, Florida">Miami, Florida</a>, and raised on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Island, New York">Long Island, New York</a>, where he attended the progressive Roslyn High School. His mother, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Mayorga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Mayorga (page does not exist)">Margaret Mayorga</a>, was the author of <a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Short_History_of_the_American_Drama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Short History of the American Drama (page does not exist)">A Short History of the American Drama</a>, which had been her master's thesis and which became a standard reference in libraries. She originated and edited <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Best_One-Act_Plays_of_19xx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Best One-Act Plays of 19xx (page does not exist)">The Best One-Act Plays of 19xx</a>, an annual series published variously by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dodd,_Mead_%26_Company,_Samuel_French&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dodd, Mead & Company, Samuel French (page does not exist)">Dodd, Mead & Company, Samuel French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Little_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Brown">Little Brown</a> from 1937 to 1961. Eric had no siblings and was encouraged very early by his mother, who recognized his talent in math and science. She moved several times to ensure he would attend the best public school available at that time. As a senior in high school he was one of 40 <a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Science_Talent_Search" class="mw-redirect" title="Westinghouse Science Talent Search">Westinghouse Science Talent Search</a> finalists, meeting <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a> at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> in 1944. He also received a full scholarship from Grumman Aircraft to any college or university in the country. He chose <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>, but left to serve in the <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a> from 1944 to 1946, returning to MIT and graduating in 1949 with a BSc in Physics. He lived in the <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> area for most of his adult life (<a href="/wiki/Newton,_Massachusetts" title="Newton, Massachusetts">Newton, Massachusetts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acton,_Massachusetts" title="Acton, Massachusetts">Acton, Massachusetts</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Howlett&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1949 to 1952 — After graduating from MIT, Howlett supported himself and a wife and daughter by creating his first enterprise, repairing TV sets in the home, and by designing and building electronic prototypes—one of which had a proximity detector that caused a dummy to talk to you in a store when you walked up to it. </p><p>1952 to 1957 — Staff member at MIT's <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Laboratory">Lincoln Laboratory</a> working on cross-correlation radar. </p><p>1957 to 1960 — <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> heavy military electronics in <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_NY" class="mw-redirect" title="Syracuse, NY">Syracuse, NY</a>, as an engineer, traveling worldwide to trouble shoot and educate operators of an early warning radar system. (<a href="/wiki/BMEWS" class="mw-redirect" title="BMEWS">BMEWS</a>) </p><p>1960 — Returned to Boston to become Marketing Manager of Adage, Incorporated, eventually assuming the roles of engineering manager and director of research. Howlett's second enterprise was a mail-order business, wherein he launched dozens of products on <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span> mail order page, one of which (a plastic organizer tray) was successful (made a profit), but it was not profitable enough. In 1962, he went to work as Marketing Manager for Di/An Controls, inc. a Boston manufacturer of space-borne magnetic memories. </p><p>1964 to 1968 — Founder and president of NUMEX, a company based on a novel high quality numerical projection readout device that was made obsolete by segmented displays. </p><p>1968 to 1978 — Consulting, prototyping and light manufacturing of optics and electronics for Boston-area firms. </p><p>1978 — Invented an extremely wide angle stereoscopic photographic system based on camera lenses that introduced aberrations on the film to neutralize aberrations required in the viewer to get the extremely wide field. A patent for the system, called by the trade name LEEP, was granted in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1980 to 1990 — Operated a proprietorship, POP-OPTIX LABS with revenue from consulting and manufacture of custom optical and electronic devices. The LEEP viewing optics were used in theme park attractions and almost all of the Virtual Reality Headsets (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Head-Mounted_Displays,_or_HMD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Head-Mounted Displays, or HMD (page does not exist)">Head-Mounted Displays, or HMDs</a>) sold in the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1991 — Founded and operated LEEP Systems, Inc. to market wide angle <a href="/wiki/Telepresence" title="Telepresence">telepresence</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">virtual reality</a> systems for research and for medical and military purposes. </p><p>2006 — Co-founded LeepVR, Ltd., with his son Alex. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Howlett&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130926013316/http://hightechhistory.com/tag/eric-howlett/">"Eric Howlett | High Tech History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hightechhistory.com/tag/eric-howlett/">the original</a> on 2013-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eric+Howlett+%26%23124%3B+High+Tech+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhightechhistory.com%2Ftag%2Feric-howlett%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEric+Howlett" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWayne2005" class="citation web cs1">Wayne, Thomas (December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013091858/http://design.osu.edu/carlson/history/lesson17.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Virtual Reality and Artificial Environments", A Critical History of Computer Graphics and Animation Section 17"</a>. <i>Ohio State University Department of Design</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://design.osu.edu/carlson/history/lesson17.html">the original</a> on October 13, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ohio+State+University+Department+of+Design&rft.atitle=%22Virtual+Reality+and+Artificial+Environments%22%2C+A+Critical+History+of+Computer+Graphics+and+Animation+Section+17&rft.date=2005-12&rft.aulast=Wayne&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdesign.osu.edu%2Fcarlson%2Fhistory%2Flesson17.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEric+Howlett" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFHowlett1983"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4406532A">US patent 4406532A</a>, Howlett, Eric M., "Wide angle color photography method and system", issued 1983-09-27</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=4406532A&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Wide+angle+color+photography+method+and+system&rft.inventor=Howlett&rft.date=1983-09-27"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHowlett1990" class="citation journal cs1">Howlett, Eric M. (1990-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?doi=10.1117/12.19915">"Wide-angle orthostereo"</a>. <i>Proceedings of SPIE</i>. <b>1256</b>: 210. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1117%2F12.19915">10.1117/12.19915</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+SPIE&rft.atitle=Wide-angle+orthostereo&rft.volume=1256&rft.pages=210&rft.date=1990-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1117%2F12.19915&rft.aulast=Howlett&rft.aufirst=Eric+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fproceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org%2Fproceeding.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1117%2F12.19915&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEric+Howlett" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarlson" class="citation web cs1">Carlson, Wayne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040601141557/http://accad.osu.edu/~waynec/history/lesson17.html">"Section 17: Virtual Reality"</a>. <i>A Critical History of Computer Graphics and Animation</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://accad.osu.edu/~waynec/history/lesson17.html">the original</a> on 2004-06-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2004-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Critical+History+of+Computer+Graphics+and+Animation&rft.atitle=Section+17%3A+Virtual+Reality&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faccad.osu.edu%2F~waynec%2Fhistory%2Flesson17.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEric+Howlett" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGarfinkel1994" class="citation journal cs1">Garfinkel, Simson L. (1994-03-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20000310195529/https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/2.03/streetcred.html?pg=5">"Look Ma! No Gloves!"</a>. <i>Wired</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/2.03/streetcred.html?pg=5">the original</a> on 2000-03-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Look+Ma%21+No+Gloves%21&rft.date=1994-03-01&rft.aulast=Garfinkel&rft.aufirst=Simson+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fwired%2Farchive%2F2.03%2Fstreetcred.html%3Fpg%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEric+Howlett" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHowlett1992" class="citation journal cs1">Howlett, Eric M. (1992-06-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=988117">"High-resolution inserts in wide-angle head-mounted stereoscopic displays"</a>. <i>Proceedings of SPIE</i>. <b>1669</b>: <span class="nowrap">193–</span>203. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1117%2F12.60427">10.1117/12.60427</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+SPIE&rft.atitle=High-resolution+inserts+in+wide-angle+head-mounted+stereoscopic+displays&rft.volume=1669&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E193-%3C%2Fspan%3E203&rft.date=1992-06-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1117%2F12.60427&rft.aulast=Howlett&rft.aufirst=Eric+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fproceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org%2Fproceeding.aspx%3Farticleid%3D988117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEric+Howlett" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maureen_McLellen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maureen McLellen (page does not exist)">McLellen, Maureen</a>. “Stay put for trip to cyberspace.” <i>News Tribune, Waltham edition</i>, May 3, 1991.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Rodman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Rodman (page does not exist)">Rodman, Steven</a>. “LEEPing wizards” <i>Worcester Business Journal</i>, May 25-June 7, 1992.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pam_Deringer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pam Deringer (page does not exist)">Deringer, Pam</a>. “Waltham Inventor Leeps into virtual reality” <i>Mass High Tech</i>, July 10-July 23, 1995.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Anderson_(professor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Anderson (professor) (page does not exist)">Anderson, Paul</a>. "Virtual Reality: Is it for Real? And What's in it for Imaging?", <i>Advanced Imaging</i>, June 1991.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maureen_McLellen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maureen McLellen (page does not exist)">McLellen, Maureen</a>. "Quantum LEEP", <i>Middlesex News</i>, Sunday, May 12, 1991.</li> <li>"Favorable market reaction to Cyberface 3 launch", VR NEWS, Volume 1, Issue 8, October, 1992</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Howlett&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leepvr.com/">LeepVR Home Page</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eric_Howlett&oldid=1230724553">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eric_Howlett&oldid=1230724553</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1926_births" title="Category:1926 births">1926 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2011_deaths" title="Category:2011 deaths">2011 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_pioneers" title="Category:Virtual reality pioneers">Virtual reality pioneers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:MIT_Lincoln_Laboratory_people" title="Category:MIT Lincoln Laboratory people">MIT Lincoln Laboratory people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology_School_of_Science_alumni" title="Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni">Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 June 2024, at 10:10<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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