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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Elektriese+lading" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Elektriese+lading" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div 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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Eienskappe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eienskappe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behoud_van_Lading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behoud_van_Lading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Behoud van Lading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Behoud_van_Lading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Elektriese lading</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 116 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">116 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%BB%E1%88%AD%E1%8C%85" title="ቻርጅ – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቻርጅ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="شحنة كهربائية – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شحنة كهربائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="تعميرة د التريسينتي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تعميرة د التريسينتي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_ll%C3%A9trica" title="Carga llétrica – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Carga llétrica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_y%C3%BCk%C3%BC" title="Elektrik yükü – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Elektrik yükü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88" title="الکتریک یوکو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الکتریک یوکو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_Lodung" title="Elektrische Lodung – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Elektrische Lodung" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Электрычны зарад – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Электрычны зарад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Электрычны зарад – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Электрычны зарад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4" title="Електрически заряд – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Електрически заряд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C" title="इलेक्ट्रिक चार्ज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इलेक्ट्रिक चार्ज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="বৈদ্যুতিক আধান – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বৈদ্যুতিক আধান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Električni naboj" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0rrega_el%C3%A8ctrica" title="Càrrega elèctrica – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Càrrega elèctrica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karga_(dagitab)" title="Karga (dagitab) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Karga (dagitab)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="بارگەی کارەبایی – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بارگەی کارەبایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrick%C3%BD_n%C3%A1boj" title="Elektrický náboj – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elektrický náboj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Электро каплам – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Электро каплам" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwefr_drydanol" title="Gwefr drydanol – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwefr drydanol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_ladning" title="Elektrisk ladning – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elektrisk ladning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_Ladung" title="Elektrische Ladung – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elektrische Ladung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BF" title="Ηλεκτρικό φορτίο – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηλεκτρικό φορτίο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge" title="Electric charge – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Electric charge" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektra_%C5%9Dargo" title="Elektra ŝargo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elektra ŝargo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_el%C3%A9ctrica" title="Carga eléctrica – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carga eléctrica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrilaeng" title="Elektrilaeng – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elektrilaeng" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karga_elektriko" title="Karga elektriko – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karga elektriko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="بار الکتریکی – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بار الکتریکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4hk%C3%B6varaus" title="Sähkövaraus – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sähkövaraus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Charge électrique – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Charge électrique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_l%C3%A4%C3%A4s" title="Elektrisk lääs – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Elektrisk lääs" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucht_leictreach" title="Lucht leictreach – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lucht leictreach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB" title="電 – Gan-Sjinees" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="電" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_el%C3%A9ctrica" title="Carga eléctrica – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Carga eléctrica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0" title="વિદ્યુતભાર – Goedjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વિદ્યુતભાર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Goedjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9F_%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99" title="מטען חשמלי – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מטען חשמלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="विद्युत आवेश – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विद्युत आवेश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Električni naboj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromos_t%C3%B6lt%C3%A9s" title="Elektromos töltés – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elektromos töltés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%81%D6%84" title="Էլեկտրական լիցք – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլեկտրական լիցք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_electric" title="Carga electric – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Carga electric" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muatan_listrik" title="Muatan listrik – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Muatan listrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafhle%C3%B0sla" title="Rafhleðsla – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rafhleðsla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carica_elettrica" title="Carica elettrica – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carica elettrica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電荷" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ელექტრული მუხტი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელექტრული მუხტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_zaryad%C4%B1" title="Elektrik zaryadı – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Elektrik zaryadı" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Электр заряды – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Электр заряды" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8" title="បន្ទុកអគ្គីសនី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បន្ទុកអគ្គីសនី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B6" title="ವಿದ್ಯುದಾವೇಶ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿದ್ಯುದಾವೇಶ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%ED%95%98" title="전하 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전하" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar%C3%AA_karebay%C3%AE" title="Barê karebayî – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Barê karebayî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Электр заряды – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Электр заряды" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onus_electricum" title="Onus electricum – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Onus electricum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_laojing" title="Elektrische laojing – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Elektrische laojing" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektros_kr%C5%ABvis" title="Elektros krūvis – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Elektros krūvis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektriskais_l%C4%81di%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Elektriskais lādiņš – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Elektriskais lādiņš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8D%D2%A5%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Тулэҥер татыл – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тулэҥер татыл" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%98" title="Електричен набој – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Електричен набој" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" title="വൈദ്യുത ചാർജ് – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വൈദ്യുത ചാർജ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Цахилгаан цэнэг – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цахилгаан цэнэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="विद्युतभार – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विद्युतभार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas_elektrik" title="Cas elektrik – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cas elektrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%93%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ် – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="الکتریکی بار – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="الکتریکی بار" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="विद्युत आवेश – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विद्युत आवेश" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C" title="इलेक्ट्रिक चार्ज – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इलेक्ट्रिक चार्ज" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_lading" title="Elektrische lading – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elektrische lading" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_ladning" title="Elektrisk ladning – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elektrisk ladning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_ladning" title="Elektrisk ladning – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elektrisk ladning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_electrica" title="Carga electrica – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Carga electrica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaarjii" title="Chaarjii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Chaarjii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C" title="ਬਿਜਲਈ ਚਾਰਜ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਿਜਲਈ ਚਾਰਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81adunek_elektryczny" title="Ładunek elektryczny – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ładunek elektryczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caria_eletrost%C3%A0tica" title="Caria eletrostàtica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Caria eletrostàtica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="برقی چارج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برقی چارج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_el%C3%A9trica" title="Carga elétrica – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carga elétrica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinchikilla_chaqna" title="Pinchikilla chaqna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pinchikilla chaqna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcin%C4%83_electric%C4%83" title="Sarcină electrică – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sarcină electrică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4" title="Электрический заряд – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Электрический заряд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D2%95%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Чаҕыл иитик – Sakhaans" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Чаҕыл иитик" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakhaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_chairge" title="Electric chairge – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Electric chairge" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD%D8%B1%DA%AA_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="اليڪٽرڪ چارج – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اليڪٽرڪ چارج" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Električni naboj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge" title="Electric charge – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Electric charge" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrick%C3%BD_n%C3%A1boj" title="Elektrický náboj – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elektrický náboj" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Električni naboj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saldanab" title="Saldanab – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Saldanab" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngarkesa_elektrike" title="Ngarkesa elektrike – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ngarkesa elektrike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Наелектрисање – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Наелектрисање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leedenge" title="Leedenge – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Leedenge" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muatan_listrik" title="Muatan listrik – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Muatan listrik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_laddning" title="Elektrisk laddning – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elektrisk laddning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaji_ya_umeme" title="Chaji ya umeme – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Chaji ya umeme" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மின்னூட்டம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மின்னூட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82" title="విద్యుదావేశం – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విద్యుదావేశం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="ประจุไฟฟ้า – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประจุไฟฟ้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_zar%C3%BDady" title="Elektrik zarýady – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Elektrik zarýady" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karga_ng_kuryente" title="Karga ng kuryente – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Karga ng kuryente" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_y%C3%BCk%C3%BC" title="Elektrik yükü – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elektrik yükü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Электр корылмасы – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Электр корылмасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4" title="Електричний заряд – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Електричний заряд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="برقی بار – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برقی بار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektr_zaryad" title="Elektr zaryad – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elektr zaryad" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_e%C5%82%C3%A8trica" title="Carga ełètrica – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Carga ełètrica" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_t%C3%ADch" title="Điện tích – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điện tích" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karga_nga_elektrika" title="Karga nga elektrika – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Karga nga elektrika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanu_mb%C3%ABj" title="Yanu mbëj – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Yanu mbëj" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%8D%B7" title="电荷 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电荷" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="עלעקטרישע לאדונג – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עלעקטרישע לאדונג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80d%C3%ACj%E1%BB%8D_%C3%ACtann%C3%A1" title="Àdìjọ ìtanná – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àdìjọ ìtanná" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="電荷" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="電荷" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%81n-h%C5%8D" title="Tiān-hō – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiān-hō" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電荷" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umlelesa" title="Umlelesa – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umlelesa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1111#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Elektriese_lading" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Elektriese_lading" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" 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accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektriese_lading&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektriese_lading&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektriese_lading&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Elektriese_lading" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Elektriese_lading" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektriese_lading&oldid=2708930" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektriese_lading&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Elektriese_lading&id=2708930&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FElektriese_lading"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><p><b>Elektriese lading</b> is 'n fundamentele, behoue eienskap van sommige <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subatomies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subatomies (bladsy bestaan nie)">subatomiese</a> deeltjies wat hul <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme">elektromagnetiese</a> interaksies bepaal. Elektronies gelaaide materie word beïnvloed deur- en wek <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme">elektromagnetiese</a> velde op. Die interaksie tussen bewegende lading en 'n elektromagnetiese veld veroorsaak die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektromagnetiese_krag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektromagnetiese krag (bladsy bestaan nie)">elektromagnetiese krag</a> wat een van die vier <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundamentele_kragte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fundamentele kragte (bladsy bestaan nie)">fundamentele kragte</a> is. </p><p>Elektriese lading is 'n eienskap van sommige subatomiese deeltjies, en word gediskretiseer wanneer uitgedruk word as 'n veelvoud van die sogenaamde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Element%C3%AAre_lading&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementêre lading (bladsy bestaan nie)">elementêre lading</a> <i>e</i>. <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">Elektrone</a> het volgens konvensie 'n lading van -1, terwyl <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protone</a> die teenoorgestelde lading van +1 het. <a href="/wiki/Kwark" title="Kwark">Kwarke</a> het 'n breukdeel lading van -1/3 of +2/3. Die ekwivalente <a href="/wiki/Antideeltjie" title="Antideeltjie">antideeltjies</a> het teenoorgestelde ladings. Daar is ook ander <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelaaide_deeltjie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gelaaide deeltjie (bladsy bestaan nie)">gelaaide deeltjies</a>. </p><p>In die algemeen stoot gelaaide deeltjies met dieselfde-teken lading mekaar af, terwyl deeltjies met teenoorgestelde-teken ladings mekaar aantrek. Hierdie effek word kwantitatief deur <a href="/wiki/Coulomb_se_wet" title="Coulomb se wet">Coulomb se wet</a> uitgedruk, wat sê dat die grootte van die afstootkrag is eweredig aan die produk van die twee ladings, en verswak eweredig tot die kwadraat van die afstand tussen die ladings. </p><p>Die elektriese lading van 'n <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makroskopies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makroskopies (bladsy bestaan nie)">makroskopiese</a> voorwerp is die som van die elektriese ladings van die voorwerp se saamgestelde dele. Die netto elektriese lading is gewoonlik nul, aangesien die natuurlike getal elektrone in elke <a href="/wiki/Atoom" title="Atoom">atoom</a> gelyk is aan die getal protone, en die ladings dus uitkanselleer. Die gevalle waar die netto lading nie nul is nie word gereeld na verwys as <a href="/wiki/Statiese_elektrisiteit" title="Statiese elektrisiteit">statiese elektrisiteit</a>. Verder, selfs al is die netto lading nul, kan dit nie-uniform versprei wees (bv. a.g.v. 'n eksterne <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektriese_veld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektriese veld (bladsy bestaan nie)">elektriese veld</a>), en die materiaal is dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polarisasie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polarisasie (bladsy bestaan nie)">gepolariseer</a>, met die lading verwant aan die polarisasie staan bekend as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gebinde_lading&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gebinde lading (bladsy bestaan nie)">gebinde lading</a> (terwyl die oortollige lading van buite die materiaal bekend staan as <i>vrye lading</i>). 'n Ge-ordende beweging van gelaaide deeltjies in 'n spesifieke rigting (in metale is dit elektrone) staan bekend as <a href="/wiki/Elektriese_stroom" title="Elektriese stroom">elektriese stroom</a>. Die diskrete natuur van elektriese lading was deur <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> voorgestel in sy elektroliese eksperimente, en direk gedemonstreer deur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Millikan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Millikan (bladsy bestaan nie)">Robert Millikan</a> in sy <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliedruppel_eksperiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oliedruppel eksperiment (bladsy bestaan nie)">oliedruppel eksperiment</a>. </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="SI">SI</a> eenheid vir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrisiteit_kwantiteit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrisiteit kwantiteit (bladsy bestaan nie)">elektrisiteit kwantiteit</a> of elektriese lading is die <a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">coulomb</a>, wat benaderd 6.24 × 10<sup>18</sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Element%C3%AAre_lading&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementêre lading (bladsy bestaan nie)">elementêre ladings</a> is(die lading is 'n enkele elektron of proton). Die coulomb word gedefinieer as die hoeveelheid lading wat in een sekonde deur die deursnit van 'n <a href="/wiki/Elektriese_geleier" title="Elektriese geleier">elektriese geleier</a>, wat een <a href="/wiki/Ampere" title="Ampere">ampere</a> dra, vloei. Die simbool <i>Q</i> word gereeld gebruik om die hoeveelheid elektrisiteit of lading aan te toon. Die hoeveelheid elektriese lading kan direk gemeet word met 'n <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrometer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrometer (bladsy bestaan nie)">elektrometer</a>, of indirek gemeet met 'n <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galvanometer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galvanometer (bladsy bestaan nie)">ballistiese galvanometer</a>. </p><p>In formele terme moet die hoeveelheid lading as 'n veelvoud van die elementêre lading <i>e</i> (lading is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskreet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diskreet (bladsy bestaan nie)">diskreet</a>, maar dit is 'n gemiddelde , macroskopiese waarde, vele grotte ordes meer as 'n enkele elementêre lading, kan dit effektiewelik enige <a href="/wiki/Re%C3%ABle_getal" title="Reële getal">reële waarde</a> aanneem. Verder, in sommige gevalle is dit meer betekenisvol om van breukdele van 'n lading te praat; bv. tydens die laai van 'n <a href="/wiki/Kapasitor" title="Kapasitor">kapasitor</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektriese_lading&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektriese_lading&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bcoulomb.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bcoulomb.png/220px-Bcoulomb.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bcoulomb.png/330px-Bcoulomb.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bcoulomb.png/440px-Bcoulomb.png 2x" data-file-width="1664" data-file-height="2085" /></a><figcaption>Coulomb's torsion balance</figcaption></figure> <p>Soos gerapporteer deur die Antieke Griekse Filosoof <a href="/wiki/Thales_van_Miletus" class="mw-redirect" title="Thales van Miletus">Thales van Miletus</a> in ca 600vC, kan lading (of <i>elektrisiteit</i> bymekaar gemaak word deur <i>pels</i> teen verskeie materiale te vryf, soos <a href="/wiki/Amber" class="mw-redirect" title="Amber">amber</a>. Die Grieke het gemerk dat die gelaaide amber knopies ligte voorwerpe soos <a href="/wiki/Hare" class="mw-redirect" title="Hare">hare</a> kon aantrek. Hulle het ook gemerk dat as hulle die amber vir lank genoeg vryf kon hulle 'n vonk laat spring. Hierdie eienskap lei vanaf die <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/triboelectric_effect" class="extiw" title="en:triboelectric effect">en:triboelectric effect</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1600" title="1600">1600</a> het die Engelse wetenskaplike <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Gilbert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Gilbert (bladsy bestaan nie)">William Gilbert</a> teruggekeer na die onderwerp in <i>De Magnete</i>, en het die <a href="/wiki/Nieu-Latyn" title="Nieu-Latyn">Nieu-Latyn</a> woord <i>electricus</i> geskep van <i>ηλεκτρον</i> , die Griekse woord vir "amber", wat gelei het tot die Engelse woorde "electric" en "electricity". Hy is in <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a> deur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_von_Guericke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto von Guericke (bladsy bestaan nie)">Otto von Guericke</a> gevolg, wat, moontlik die eerste, elektrostatiese <a href="/wiki/Generator" class="mw-redirect" title="Generator">generator</a> uitgevind het. Ander Europese pioniers was <a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a>, wat in <a href="/wiki/1675" title="1675">1675</a> verklaar het dat elektriese aantrekking en afstoting oor 'n vakuum uitgeoefen kan word; <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gray" title="Stephen Gray">Stephen Gray</a>, wat in <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a> materiale as <a href="/wiki/Geleier" class="mw-redirect" title="Geleier">geleiers</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isolator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isolator (bladsy bestaan nie)">isolators</a> geklassifiseer het; en <a href="/w/index.php?title=C.F._du_Fay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C.F. du Fay (bladsy bestaan nie)">C.F. du Fay</a>, wat in <a href="/wiki/1733" title="1733">1733</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.sparkmuseum.com/BOOK_DUFAY.HTM">[1]</a> voorgestel het dat elektrisiteit in twee tipes voorkom wat mekaar uitkanselleer, en het dit uitgedruk in terme van 'n twee-vloeistof teorie. Wanneer glas met sy gevryf is , het du Fay gesê dat die glas met <i>vitreous</i> elektrisiteit gelaai is, en wanneer amber met pels gevryf was, dat die amber gelaai is met <i>resinous</i> elektrisiteit. In <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a> het Michael Faraday gewys dat die skynbare skeiding tussen statiese elektrisiteit, stroom elektrisiteit en bioelektrisiteit verkeerd was, en dat almal die gevolg was van die optrede van 'n enkele tipe elektrisiteit wat in teenoorgestelde polariteite te voorskyn kom. Dit is arbitrêr watter polariteit positief genoem word. Positiewe lading kan gedefinieer word as die oorblywende lading op 'n glas staaf nadat dit met sy gevryf is.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eienskappe">Eienskappe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektriese_lading&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Eienskappe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektriese_lading&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Eienskappe"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Benewens die eienskappe beskryf in artikels oor <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme">elektromagnetisme</a>, is lading 'n <a href="/wiki/Algemene_relatiwiteitsteorie" class="mw-redirect" title="Algemene relatiwiteitsteorie">relatiwistiese</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/invariant_(physics)" class="extiw" title="en:invariant (physics)"><i>invariant</i></a>. Dit beteken dat wanneer 'n partikel 'n lading <i>q</i> het, ongeag van die snelheid waarteen dit beweeg, behou dit die lading <i>q</i>. Hierdie eienskap is eksperimenteel bevestig deur te bewys dat <i>een</i> <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> <a href="/wiki/Atoom" title="Atoom">kern</a> (twee <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protone</a> en twee <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrone</a> saamgebind in 'n kern en beweeg rond teen hoë spoed) is dieselfde as <i>twee</i> <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">deuterium</a> kerne (een proton en een neutron saamgebind, maar wat baie stadiger beweeg as wanneer hulle in 'n helium kern sou wees). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behoud_van_Lading">Behoud van Lading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektriese_lading&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Behoud van Lading" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektriese_lading&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Behoud van Lading"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Die totale elektriese lading van 'n <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge%C3%AFsoleerde_stelsel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geïsoleerde stelsel (bladsy bestaan nie)">geïsoleerde stelsel</a> bly konstant ongeag van veranderings binne die stelsel</b>. Hierdie wet is inherent deel van alle prosesse bekend in die fisika en kan afgelei word in 'n lokale vorm vanaf die <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/guage_invariance" class="extiw" title="en:guage invariance"><i>guage invariance</i></a> van die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Golfvergelyking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golfvergelyking (bladsy bestaan nie)">golfvergelyking</a>. Die behoud van lading veroorsaak die lading-stroom kontinuïteitsvergelyking. Meer algemeen, die netto verandering in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lading_digtheid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lading digtheid (bladsy bestaan nie)">lading digtheid</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f7d439671d1289b6a816e6af7a304be40608d64" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.202ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho }"></span> binne 'n volume van integrasie <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}"></span> is gelyk aan die area-integraal oor die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stroom_digtheid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stroom digtheid (bladsy bestaan nie)">stroom digtheid</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>J</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/359e4f407b49910e02c27c2f52e87a36cd74c053" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.471ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J}"></span> op die oppervlak van die area <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>S</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4611d85173cd3b508e67077d4a1252c9c05abca2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.499ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S}"></span>, wat op sy beurt weer gelyk is aan die netto <a href="/wiki/Elektriese_stroom" title="Elektriese stroom">stroom</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>I</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/535ea7fc4134a31cbe2251d9d3511374bc41be9f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.172ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I}"></span>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -{\frac {d}{dt}}\int _{V}\rho \,\mathrm {d} V=\int _{S}\mathbf {J} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {S} =\int JS\cos \theta =I.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>d</mi> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>V</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">J</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">S</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>∫</mo> <mi>J</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -{\frac {d}{dt}}\int _{V}\rho \,\mathrm {d} V=\int _{S}\mathbf {J} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {S} =\int JS\cos \theta =I.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/302300071f1962b7709733214c9cd46d6c9b597b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:43.382ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -{\frac {d}{dt}}\int _{V}\rho \,\mathrm {d} V=\int _{S}\mathbf {J} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {S} =\int JS\cos \theta =I.}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Dus, die omskakeling van elektreise lading, soos deur die kontinuïteitsvergelyking, gee die resultaat: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I=-{\frac {dQ}{dt}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>I</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>Q</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I=-{\frac {dQ}{dt}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/634a6f2ea36f8bfa93748233a35b28db8bf46f30" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:9.969ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I=-{\frac {dQ}{dt}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>waar <b>I</b> die netto uitwaartse stroom deur 'n geslote opppervlak is, en <b>Q</b> die elektriese lading is binne die volume gedefinieer deur die oppervlak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektriese_lading&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektriese_lading&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Electromagnetic Fields (2nd Edition), Roald K. 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