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<span>Geography and economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shoreline_settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shoreline_settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Shoreline settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shoreline_settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_interest"> <div 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Firth of Forth</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB" title="خور فورث – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خور فورث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiordu_de_Forth" title="Fiordu de Forth – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fiordu de Forth" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%BE%D1%84-%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Ферт-оф-Форт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ферт-оф-Форт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%8A%D1%84_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Фърт ъф Форт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фърт ъф Форт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiord_de_Forth" title="Fiord de Forth – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fiord de Forth" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moryd_Forth" title="Moryd Forth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Moryd Forth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forthi_laht" title="Forthi laht – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Forthi laht" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BB%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A6%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B8" title="Κόλπος του Φορθ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόλπος του Φορθ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiordo_de_Forth" title="Fiordo de Forth – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fiordo de Forth" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortheko_fiordoa" title="Fortheko fiordoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fortheko fiordoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB" title="خور فورث – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خور فورث" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_fan_Forth" title="Firth fan Forth – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Firth fan Forth" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linne_Foirthe" title="Linne Foirthe – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Linne Foirthe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linn_Gi%C3%B9dain" title="Linn Giùdain – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Linn Giùdain" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuario_do_Forth" title="Estuario do Forth – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estuario do Forth" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%A7%8C" title="포스만 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포스만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96" title="फ़ोर्थ का नदमुख – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़ोर्थ का नदमुख" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA%27" title="לשון הים של פורת' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לשון הים של פורת'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forto_u%C5%BEut%C4%97kis" title="Forto užutėkis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Forto užutėkis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E6%B9%BE" title="フォース湾 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フォース湾" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estu%C3%A1rio_do_Forth" title="Estuário do Forth – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estuário do Forth" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%BE%D1%84-%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Ферт-оф-Форт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ферт-оф-Форт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_o_Forth" title="Firth o Forth – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Firth o Forth" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Ферт ов Форт – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ферт ов Форт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Firth of Forth" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%98" title="เฟิร์ธออฟฟอร์ธ – Thai" lang="th" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Firth_of_Forth&params=56.075_N_3.75_W_region:GB_type:waterbody_source:GNS-enwiki_scale:1000000"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">56°04′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°45′00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">56.075°N 3.750°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">56.075; -3.750</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Estuary of Scotland's River Forth</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Genesis song, see <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Fifth" title="Firth of Fifth">Firth of Fifth</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">Firth of Forth</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Forth_bridges_from_the_air_(geograph_5835049).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A view of the firth with three metal bridges across it" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/The_Forth_bridges_from_the_air_%28geograph_5835049%29.jpg/264px-The_Forth_bridges_from_the_air_%28geograph_5835049%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/The_Forth_bridges_from_the_air_%28geograph_5835049%29.jpg/396px-The_Forth_bridges_from_the_air_%28geograph_5835049%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/The_Forth_bridges_from_the_air_%28geograph_5835049%29.jpg/528px-The_Forth_bridges_from_the_air_%28geograph_5835049%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="603" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Forth bridges looking northwest</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Firth of Forth is located in Scotland"><img alt="Firth of Forth is located in Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg/256px-Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg/384px-Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg/512px-Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="1483" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:75.769%;left:60.119%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Firth of Forth"><img alt="Firth of Forth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div 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Forth</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Fife</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Falkirk_UK_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Firth of Forth is located in Falkirk"><img alt="Firth of Forth is located in Falkirk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Falkirk_UK_relief_location_map.jpg/256px-Falkirk_UK_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Falkirk_UK_relief_location_map.jpg/384px-Falkirk_UK_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, 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Falkirk</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clackmannanshire_UK_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Firth of Forth is located in Clackmannanshire"><img alt="Firth of Forth is located in Clackmannanshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Clackmannanshire_UK_relief_location_map.jpg/256px-Clackmannanshire_UK_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Clackmannanshire_UK_relief_location_map.jpg/384px-Clackmannanshire_UK_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, 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style="display:none">Show map of Clackmannanshire</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data region">Scotland, United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Geographical coordinates">Coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Firth_of_Forth&params=56.075_N_3.75_W_region:GB_type:waterbody_source:GNS-enwiki_scale:1000000"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">56°04′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°45′00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">56.075°N 3.750°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">56.075; -3.750</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Basin</a> countries</th><td class="infobox-data">Scotland, United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #8DE3D2; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar Wetland</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">30 October 2001</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">1111<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Firth of Forth</b> (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: <i lang="gd">Linne Foirthe</i>) is the <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Firth" title="Firth">firth</a>, of several Scottish rivers including the <a href="/wiki/River_Forth" title="River Forth">River Forth</a>. It meets the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> with <a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a> to its north and <a href="/wiki/Lothian" title="Lothian">Lothian</a> to its south.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firth_of_Forth&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Firth</i> is a cognate of <i><a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">fjord</a></i>, a Norse word meaning a narrow inlet. </p><p><i>Forth</i> stems from the name of the river; this is <span title="Proto-Celtic-language text">*<i lang="cel">vo-rit-ia</i></span> ('slow running') in <a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Celtic">Proto-Celtic</a>, yielding <span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linne_Foirthe" class="extiw" title="gd:Linne Foirthe">Foirthe</a></i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Old_Gaelic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Gaelic">Old Gaelic</a> and <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aber_Gweryd" class="extiw" title="cy:Aber Gweryd">Gweryd</a></i></span> in Welsh.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was known as <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Bodotria</i></span></i> in <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> times and was referred to as <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Βοδερία</span></span></i> in <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Geography_(Ptolemy)" title="Geography (Ptolemy)">Geography</a></i>. In the <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse</a> <a href="/wiki/Saga" title="Saga">sagas</a> it was known as the <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Myrkvifiörd</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An early <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> name is <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Merin Iodeo</i></span>, or the 'sea of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Urbs_Iudeu" title="Urbs Iudeu">Iudeu</a></i></span>'.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_economy">Geography and economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firth_of_Forth&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography and economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Geologically, the Firth of Forth is a <a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">fjord</a>, formed by the Forth <a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">Glacier</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Last_glacial_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Last glacial period">last glacial period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainage basin</a> for the Firth of Forth covers a wide geographic area including places as far from the shore as <a href="/wiki/Ben_Lomond" title="Ben Lomond">Ben Lomond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumbernauld" title="Cumbernauld">Cumbernauld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harthill,_Scotland" title="Harthill, Scotland">Harthill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penicuik" title="Penicuik">Penicuik</a> and the edges of <a href="/wiki/Gleneagles_Hotel" title="Gleneagles Hotel">Gleneagles Golf Course</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many towns line the shores, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Petrochemical" title="Petrochemical">petrochemical</a> complexes at <a href="/wiki/Grangemouth" title="Grangemouth">Grangemouth</a>, commercial <a href="/wiki/Dock_(maritime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dock (maritime)">docks</a> at <a href="/wiki/Leith" title="Leith">Leith</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Oil_platform" title="Oil platform">oil rig</a> construction yards at <a href="/wiki/Methil" title="Methil">Methil</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ship_breaking" title="Ship breaking">ship breaking</a> facility at <a href="/wiki/Inverkeithing" title="Inverkeithing">Inverkeithing</a> and the former <a href="/wiki/Naval_dockyard" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval dockyard">naval dockyard</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rosyth" title="Rosyth">Rosyth</a>, along with numerous other industrial areas, including the Forth Bridgehead area, encompassing Rosyth, Inverkeithing and the southern edge of <a href="/wiki/Dunfermline" title="Dunfermline">Dunfermline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burntisland" title="Burntisland">Burntisland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirkcaldy" title="Kirkcaldy">Kirkcaldy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bo%27ness" title="Bo'ness">Bo'ness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leven,_Fife" title="Leven, Fife">Leven</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Firth_of_Forth_and_its_bridges_(geograph_5831088).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/The_Firth_of_Forth_and_its_bridges_%28geograph_5831088%29.jpg/400px-The_Firth_of_Forth_and_its_bridges_%28geograph_5831088%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/The_Firth_of_Forth_and_its_bridges_%28geograph_5831088%29.jpg/600px-The_Firth_of_Forth_and_its_bridges_%28geograph_5831088%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/The_Firth_of_Forth_and_its_bridges_%28geograph_5831088%29.jpg/800px-The_Firth_of_Forth_and_its_bridges_%28geograph_5831088%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2907" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>From left to right: The <a href="/wiki/Queensferry_Crossing" title="Queensferry Crossing">Queensferry Crossing</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Forth_Road_Bridge" title="Forth Road Bridge">Forth Road Bridge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Forth_Bridge" title="Forth Bridge">Forth Bridge</a> from the <a href="/wiki/South_Queensferry" title="South Queensferry">South Queensferry</a> side</figcaption></figure> <p>The firth is bridged in two places. The <a href="/wiki/Kincardine_Bridge" title="Kincardine Bridge">Kincardine Bridge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Clackmannanshire_Bridge" title="Clackmannanshire Bridge">Clackmannanshire Bridge</a> cross it at <a href="/wiki/Kincardine-on-Forth" class="mw-redirect" title="Kincardine-on-Forth">Kincardine</a>, while further east the <a href="/wiki/Forth_Bridge" title="Forth Bridge">Forth Bridge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Forth_Road_Bridge" title="Forth Road Bridge">Forth Road Bridge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Queensferry_Crossing" title="Queensferry Crossing">Queensferry Crossing</a> cross from <a href="/wiki/North_Queensferry" title="North Queensferry">North Queensferry</a> to <a href="/wiki/South_Queensferry" title="South Queensferry">South Queensferry</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> reportedly made a bridge of around 900 boats, probably at South Queensferry.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1964 to 1982, a tunnel existed under the Firth of Forth, dug by coal miners to link the Kinneil colliery on the south side of the Forth with the Valleyfield colliery on the north side. This is shown in the 1968 educational film <i>Forth – Powerhouse for Industry</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shafts leading into the tunnel were filled and capped with concrete when the tunnel was closed, and it is believed to have filled with water or collapsed in places.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portobello_Solent_Express1_2007-07-28-cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Portobello_Solent_Express1_2007-07-28-cropped.jpg/170px-Portobello_Solent_Express1_2007-07-28-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Portobello_Solent_Express1_2007-07-28-cropped.jpg/255px-Portobello_Solent_Express1_2007-07-28-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Portobello_Solent_Express1_2007-07-28-cropped.jpg/340px-Portobello_Solent_Express1_2007-07-28-cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="676" /></a><figcaption>The Fife–Edinburgh hovercraft service</figcaption></figure> <p>In July 2007, a <a href="/wiki/Hovercraft" title="Hovercraft">hovercraft</a> passenger service completed a two-week trial between Portobello, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> and Kirkcaldy, Fife. The trial of the service (marketed as "Forthfast") was hailed as a major operational success, with an average passenger load of 85 per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-hovercraft-trial_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hovercraft-trial-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was estimated the service would decrease congestion for commuters on the Forth road and rail bridges by carrying about 870,000 passengers each year.<sup id="cite_ref-hovercraft-2010_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hovercraft-2010-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite its initial success, the project was cancelled in December 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The inner firth, located between the <a href="/wiki/Kincardine_Bridge" title="Kincardine Bridge">Kincardine</a> and Forth bridges, has lost about half of its former intertidal area as a result of land reclamation, partly for agriculture, but mainly for industry and the large ash lagoons built to deposit spoil from the coal-fired <a href="/wiki/Longannet_Power_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Longannet Power Station">Longannet Power Station</a> near <a href="/wiki/Kincardine_on_Forth" class="mw-redirect" title="Kincardine on Forth">Kincardine</a>. Historic villages line the Fife shoreline; <a href="/wiki/Limekilns" title="Limekilns">Limekilns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlestown,_Fife" title="Charlestown, Fife">Charlestown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culross" title="Culross">Culross</a>, established in the 6th century, where <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kentigern" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Kentigern">Saint Kentigern</a> was born. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_Star_1_Firth_of_Forth.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Blue_Star_1_Firth_of_Forth.JPG/260px-Blue_Star_1_Firth_of_Forth.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Blue_Star_1_Firth_of_Forth.JPG/390px-Blue_Star_1_Firth_of_Forth.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Blue_Star_1_Firth_of_Forth.JPG/520px-Blue_Star_1_Firth_of_Forth.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ro-Pax" class="mw-redirect" title="Ro-Pax">Ro-Pax</a> ferry <i><a href="/wiki/Blue_Star_1" title="Blue Star 1">Blue Star 1</a></i> passing under the Forth Bridge in the Firth, en route from Rosyth to Zeebrugge</figcaption></figure> <p>The firth is important for <a href="/wiki/Nature_conservation" title="Nature conservation">nature conservation</a> and is a <a href="/wiki/Site_of_Special_Scientific_Interest" title="Site of Special Scientific Interest">Site of Special Scientific Interest</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Forth_Islands_SPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Firth of Forth Islands SPA">Firth of Forth Islands SPA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Area" title="Special Protection Area">Special Protection Area</a>) is home to more than 90,000 breeding seabirds every year. There is a <a href="/wiki/Bird_observatory" title="Bird observatory">bird observatory</a> on the Isle of May.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A series of sand and gravel banks in the approaches to the firth have since 2014 been designated as a <a href="/wiki/Marine_Protected_Areas_in_Scotland" title="Marine Protected Areas in Scotland">Nature Conservation Marine Protected Area</a> under the name <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Forth_Banks_Complex" title="Firth of Forth Banks Complex">Firth of Forth Banks Complex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The youngest person to swim across the Firth of Forth was 13-year-old Joseph Feeney, who accomplished the feat in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, a controversial bid to allow oil transfer between ships in the firth was refused by <a href="/wiki/Forth_Ports" title="Forth Ports">Forth Ports</a>. SPT Marine Services had asked permission to transfer 7.8 million tonnes of crude oil per year between tankers, but the proposals were met with determined opposition from conservation groups.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Theforthbridges_fromdalmeny.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Theforthbridges_fromdalmeny.jpg/900px-Theforthbridges_fromdalmeny.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Theforthbridges_fromdalmeny.jpg/1350px-Theforthbridges_fromdalmeny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Theforthbridges_fromdalmeny.jpg/1800px-Theforthbridges_fromdalmeny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4064" data-file-height="1044" /></a><figcaption>Two of the three bridges across the Firth, viewed from <a href="/wiki/Dalmeny" title="Dalmeny">Dalmeny</a>, Photo taken before construction began on the <a href="/wiki/Queensferry_Crossing" title="Queensferry Crossing">Queensferry Crossing</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islands">Islands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firth_of_Forth&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Islands_of_the_Forth" title="Islands of the Forth">Islands of the Forth</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wfm_firth_of_forth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Wfm_firth_of_forth.jpg/440px-Wfm_firth_of_forth.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Wfm_firth_of_forth.jpg/660px-Wfm_firth_of_forth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Wfm_firth_of_forth.jpg/880px-Wfm_firth_of_forth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="948" /></a><figcaption>Satellite photo of the Firth and the surrounding area</figcaption></figure></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_Rock" title="Bass Rock">Bass Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craigleith" title="Craigleith">Craigleith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cramond_Island" title="Cramond Island">Cramond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyebroughy" title="Eyebroughy">Eyebroughy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidra" title="Fidra">Fidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inchcolm" title="Inchcolm">Inchcolm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inchgarvie" title="Inchgarvie">Inchgarvie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inchkeith" title="Inchkeith">Inchkeith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inchmickery" title="Inchmickery">Inchmickery</a> with Cow and Calf</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_(island)" title="Lamb (island)">Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_May" title="Isle of May">Isle of May</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shoreline_settlements">Shoreline settlements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firth_of_Forth&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Shoreline settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lowest_bridging_point" title="Lowest bridging point">Lowest bridging point</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stirling" title="Stirling">Stirling</a></li></ul> <p><b>North shore</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdour" title="Aberdour">Aberdour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anstruther" title="Anstruther">Anstruther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckhaven" title="Buckhaven">Buckhaven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burntisland" title="Burntisland">Burntisland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellardyke" title="Cellardyke">Cellardyke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crail" title="Crail">Crail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culross" title="Culross">Culross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlestown,_Fife" title="Charlestown, Fife">Charlestown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limekilns" title="Limekilns">Limekilns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalgety_Bay" title="Dalgety Bay">Dalgety Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dysart,_Fife" title="Dysart, Fife">Dysart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earlsferry" class="mw-redirect" title="Earlsferry">Earlsferry</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Wemyss" title="East Wemyss">East Wemyss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elie_and_Earlsferry" title="Elie and Earlsferry">Elie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverkeithing" title="Inverkeithing">Inverkeithing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kincardine-on-Forth" class="mw-redirect" title="Kincardine-on-Forth">Kincardine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kinghorn" title="Kinghorn">Kinghorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirkcaldy" title="Kirkcaldy">Kirkcaldy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leven,_Fife" title="Leven, Fife">Leven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Largo" title="Lower Largo">Lower Largo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methil,_Fife" class="mw-redirect" title="Methil, Fife">Methil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Queensferry" title="North Queensferry">North Queensferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittenweem" title="Pittenweem">Pittenweem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosyth" title="Rosyth">Rosyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Monans" title="St Monans">St Monans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Wemyss" title="West Wemyss">West Wemyss</a></li></ul> </div> <p><b>South shore</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberlady" title="Aberlady">Aberlady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackness,_Linlithgow" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackness, Linlithgow">Blackness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bo%27ness" title="Bo'ness">Bo'ness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockenzie" class="mw-redirect" title="Cockenzie">Cockenzie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cramond" title="Cramond">Cramond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirleton" title="Dirleton">Dirleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dunbar" title="Dunbar">Dunbar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dunglass" title="Dunglass">Dunglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisherrow" title="Fisherrow">Fisherrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grangemouth" title="Grangemouth">Grangemouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granton,_Edinburgh" title="Granton, Edinburgh">Granton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gullane" title="Gullane">Gullane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inveresk" title="Inveresk">Inveresk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leith" title="Leith">Leith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Longniddry" title="Longniddry">Longniddry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musselburgh" title="Musselburgh">Musselburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newhaven,_Edinburgh" title="Newhaven, Edinburgh">Newhaven</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Berwick" title="North Berwick">North Berwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Edgar" title="Port Edgar">Port Edgar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portobello,_Edinburgh" title="Portobello, Edinburgh">Portobello</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Seton" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Seton">Port Seton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prestonpans" title="Prestonpans">Prestonpans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafield,_Edinburgh" title="Seafield, Edinburgh">Seafield</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Queensferry" title="South Queensferry">South Queensferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitekirk" title="Whitekirk">Whitekirk</a></li></ul> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FirthofForthmap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/FirthofForthmap.png/400px-FirthofForthmap.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/FirthofForthmap.png/600px-FirthofForthmap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/FirthofForthmap.png/800px-FirthofForthmap.png 2x" data-file-width="974" data-file-height="491" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Firth</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Places_of_interest">Places of interest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firth_of_Forth&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Places of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberlady_Bay" title="Aberlady Bay">Aberlady Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/River_Almond,_Lothian" title="River Almond, Lothian">River Almond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archerfield_Links" class="mw-redirect" title="Archerfield Links">Archerfield Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barns_Ness_Lighthouse" title="Barns Ness Lighthouse">Barns Ness Lighthouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bass_Rock" title="Bass Rock">Bass Rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baldred_of_Tyninghame" title="Baldred of Tyninghame">St Baldred's chapel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belhaven,_Scotland" title="Belhaven, Scotland">Belhaven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blackness_Castle" title="Blackness Castle">Blackness Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caves_of_Caiplie" title="Caves of Caiplie">Caves of Caiplie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cockenzie_and_Port_Seton" title="Cockenzie and Port Seton">Cockenzie Harbour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cockenzie_Power_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Cockenzie Power Station"> Cockenzie Power Station (site of)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cramond" title="Cramond">Cramond Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culross" title="Culross">Culross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmeny_House" title="Dalmeny House">Dalmeny House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dirleton_Castle" title="Dirleton Castle">Dirleton Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Esk,_Lothian" title="River Esk, Lothian">River Esk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidra" title="Fidra">Fidra Lighthouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisherrow" title="Fisherrow"> Fisherrow Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosford_House" title="Gosford House">Gosford House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granton,_Edinburgh" title="Granton, Edinburgh">Granton Harbour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gullane" title="Gullane">Gullane Bents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopetoun_House" title="Hopetoun House">Hopetoun House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hopetoun_Monument" title="Hopetoun Monument">Hopetoun Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Muir_Country_Park" title="John Muir Country Park">John Muir Country Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Muir_Way" title="John Muir Way">John Muir Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Leven,_Fife" title="River Leven, Fife">River Leven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Longniddry_Bents" title="Longniddry Bents">Longniddry Bents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musselburgh_Racecourse" title="Musselburgh Racecourse">Musselburgh Racecourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newhaven,_Edinburgh" title="Newhaven, Edinburgh"> Newhaven Harbour</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Berwick_Golf_Club" title="North Berwick Golf Club">North Berwick Golf Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Berwick_Law" title="North Berwick Law">North Berwick Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portobello,_Edinburgh" title="Portobello, Edinburgh">Portobello Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cockenzie_and_Port_Seton" title="Cockenzie and Port Seton">Port Seton Harbour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prestongrange_Industrial_Heritage_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Prestongrange Industrial Heritage Museum">Prestongrange Industrial Heritage Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Preston_Tower,_East_Lothian" title="Preston Tower, East Lothian">Preston Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravenscraig_Castle" title="Ravenscraig Castle">Ravenscraig Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloodhound_(yacht)" title="Bloodhound (yacht)">Royal Racing Yacht <i>Bloodhound</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yacht_Britannia" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Yacht Britannia">Royal Yacht <i>Britannia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Fisheries_Museum" title="Scottish Fisheries Museum">Scottish Fisheries Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Seabird_Centre" title="Scottish Seabird Centre">Scottish Seabird Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seton_Sands" title="Seton Sands">Seton Sands</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Fillan%27s_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Fillan's Cave (page does not exist)">St. Fillan's Cave</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Monans_Windmill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Monans Windmill (page does not exist)">St. Monans Windmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantallon_Castle" title="Tantallon Castle">Tantallon Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torness_Nuclear_Power_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Torness Nuclear Power Station">Torness Nuclear Power Station</a>, <a href="/wiki/River_Tyne,_Scotland" title="River Tyne, Scotland">River Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterston_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterston House">Waterston House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowcraigs" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellowcraigs">Yellowcraigs</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firth_of_Forth&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1111">"Firth of Forth"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar</a> Sites Information Service</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ramsar+Sites+Information+Service&rft.atitle=Firth+of+Forth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frsis.ramsar.org%2Fris%2F1111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirth+of+Forth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sepa.org.uk/media/37297/forth_area-management-plan.pdf#page=5">"Forth area management plan 2010 – 2015"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>SEPA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SEPA&rft.atitle=Forth+area+management+plan+2010+%E2%80%93+2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sepa.org.uk%2Fmedia%2F37297%2Fforth_area-management-plan.pdf%23page%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirth+of+Forth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFField1980" class="citation book cs1">Field, John (1980). <i>Place Names of Great Britain and Ireland</i>. 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Forth" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Forth">Forth</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isleofmaybirdobs.org">Isle of May bird observatory</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stagecoachbus.com/"><i>Forthfast</i> experimental hovercraft service, 16–28 July 2007</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070917171008/http://www.virtualplaces.co.uk/">Inchcolm Virtual Tour</a> a virtual tour around some of the Inchcolm's military defences</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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title="Inchmickery">Inchmickery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_(island)" title="Lamb (island)">Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_May" title="Isle of May">Isle of May</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alloa_Inch" title="Alloa Inch">Alloa Inch</a> (river island)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Island" title="Preston Island">Preston Island</a> (former island)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosyth_Castle" title="Rosyth Castle">Rosyth Castle</a> (former island)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullibody_Inch" title="Tullibody Inch">Tullibody Inch</a> (river island)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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