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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Evolution of the Dublin Core vocabulary</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Evolution_of_the_Dublin_Core_vocabulary-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Evolution of the Dublin Core vocabulary subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Evolution_of_the_Dublin_Core_vocabulary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dublin_Core_Metadata_Element_Set,_1995" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dublin_Core_Metadata_Element_Set,_1995"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, 1995</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dublin_Core_Metadata_Element_Set,_1995-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qualified_Dublin_Core,_2000" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qualified_Dublin_Core,_2000"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Qualified Dublin Core, 2000</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qualified_Dublin_Core,_2000-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DCMI_Metadata_Terms,_2008" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DCMI_Metadata_Terms,_2008"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>DCMI Metadata Terms, 2008</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DCMI_Metadata_Terms,_2008-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maintenance_of_the_standard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maintenance_of_the_standard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Maintenance of the standard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maintenance_of_the_standard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dublin_Core_as_standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dublin_Core_as_standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Dublin Core as standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dublin_Core_as_standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syntax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Syntax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syntax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable applications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1" title="دبلن كور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دبلن كور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_%C3%B6z%C9%99yi" title="Dublin özəyi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dublin özəyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B9%D3%99%D2%99%D1%80%D3%99%D2%BB%D0%B5" title="Дублин йәҙрәһе – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Дублин йәҙрәһе" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dablinska_jezgra" title="Dablinska jezgra – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dablinska jezgra" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dublin Core" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dublin Core" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dublin Core" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Dublin Core" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dublin Core" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dublin Core" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1" title="دوبلین کور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوبلین کور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dublin Core" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%94%EB%B8%94%EB%A6%B0_%EC%BD%94%EC%96%B4" title="더블린 코어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="더블린 코어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dublin Core" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dublin Core" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8" title="דבלין קור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דבלין קור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dublin Core" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Dublin Core" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dublin Core" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dublin Core" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dublin Core" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Дублинское ядро – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дублинское ядро" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dublin Core" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dublin Core" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dublin Core" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="டப்பிளின் கருவம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டப்பிளின் கருவம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ดับลินคอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดับลินคอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dublin Core" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Дублінське ядро – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дублінське ядро" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83" title="都柏林核心 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="都柏林核心" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Standardized set of metadata elements</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DCMI-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/DCMI-logo.svg/140px-DCMI-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/DCMI-logo.svg/210px-DCMI-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/DCMI-logo.svg/280px-DCMI-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Logo of DCMI, maintenance agency for Dublin Core Terms</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Dublin Core vocabulary</b>, also known as the <b>Dublin Core Metadata Terms</b> (<b>DCMT</b>), is a general purpose <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> vocabulary for describing resources of any type. It was first developed for describing web content in the early days of the World Wide Web. The <b>Dublin Core Metadata Initiative</b> (<b>DCMI</b>) is responsible for maintaining the Dublin Core vocabulary. </p><p>Initially developed as fifteen terms in 1998 the set of elements has grown over time and in 2008 was redefined as an <a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">Resource Description Framework</a> (RDF) vocabulary.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Designed with minimal constraints, each Dublin Core element is optional and may be repeated. There is no prescribed order in Dublin Core for presenting or using the elements. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Milestones">Milestones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_Core&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Milestones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1995 - In 1995 an invitational meeting hosted by the Ohio College Library Center (<a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Supercomputing_Applications" title="National Center for Supercomputing Applications">National Center for Supercomputing Applications</a> (NCSA) takes place at <a href="/wiki/Dublin,_Ohio" title="Dublin, Ohio">Dublin, Ohio</a>, the headquarters of OCLC.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1998, September - RFC 2413 "Dublin Core Metadata for Resource Discovery" details the original 15-element vocabulary.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2000 - Issuance of Qualified Dublin Core.</li> <li>2001 - Publication of the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set as ANSI/NISO Z39.85.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008 - Publication of Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Terms in RDF.<sup id="cite_ref-bakerLHT_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bakerLHT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution_of_the_Dublin_Core_vocabulary">Evolution of the Dublin Core vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_Core&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Evolution of the Dublin Core vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dublin Core Element Set was a response to concern about accurate finding of resources on the Web, with some early assumptions that this would be a library function. In particular it anticipated a future in which scholarly materials would be searchable on the World Wide Web. Whereas HTML was being used to mark-up the structure of documents, metadata was needed to mark-up the contents of documents. Given the great number of documents on, and soon to be on, the World Wide Web, it was proposed that "self-identifying" documents would be necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-weibel1995_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weibel1995-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To this end, the Dublin Core Metadata Workshop met beginning in 1995 to develop a vocabulary that could be used to insert consistent metadata into Web documents.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally defined as 15 metadata elements, the Dublin Core Element Set allowed authors of web pages a vocabulary and method for creating simple metadata for their works.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It provided a simple, flat element set that could be used </p><p>Qualified Dublin Core was developed in the late 1990s to provide an extension mechanism to the vocabulary of 15 elements. This was a response to communities whose metadata needs required additional detail.<sup id="cite_ref-chan_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chan-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, the <i>DCMI Metadata Terms</i> was created using a <a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a> data model.<sup id="cite_ref-dublincore1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dublincore1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This expanded element set incorporates the original 15 elements and many of the qualifiers of the qualified Dublin Core as RDF properties.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The full set of elements is found under the namespace <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">http://purl.org/dc/terms/</a>. There is a separate namespace for the original 15 elements as previously defined: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dublin_Core_Metadata_Element_Set,_1995"><span id="Dublin_Core_Metadata_Element_Set.2C_1995"></span>Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, 1995</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_Core&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, 1995"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dublin Core vocabulary published in 1999 consisted of 15 terms: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li>contributor</li> <li>coverage</li> <li>creator</li> <li>date</li> <li>description</li> <li>format</li> <li>identifier</li> <li>language</li> <li>publisher</li> <li>relation</li> <li>rights</li> <li>source</li> <li>subject</li> <li>title</li> <li>type</li></ul></div> <p>The vocabulary was commonly expressed in HTML 'meta' tagging in the "<head>" section of an HTML-encoded page.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <pre><head> <meta name="DC.title" content="Services to Government" > <meta name="DC.date" content="1997-07" > </head> </pre> <p>The vocabulary could be used in any metadata serialization including key/value pairs and XML.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qualified_Dublin_Core,_2000"><span id="Qualified_Dublin_Core.2C_2000"></span>Qualified Dublin Core, 2000</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_Core&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Qualified Dublin Core, 2000"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Subsequent to the specification of the original 15 elements, Qualified Dublin Core was developed to provide an extension mechanism to be used when the primary 15 terms were not sufficient. A set of common refinements was provided in the documentation. These schemes include <a href="/wiki/Controlled_vocabulary" title="Controlled vocabulary">controlled vocabularies</a> and formal notations or parsing rules.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qualified Dublin Core was not limited to these specific refinements, allowing communities to create extended metadata terms to meet their needs.<sup id="cite_ref-chan_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chan-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The guiding principle for the qualification of Dublin Core elements, colloquially known as the <i>Dumb-Down Principle</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> states that an application that does not understand a specific element refinement term should be able to ignore the qualifier and treat the metadata value as if it were an unqualified (broader) element. While this may result in some loss of specificity, the remaining element value (without the qualifier) should continue to be generally correct and useful for discovery.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Qualified Dublin Core added qualifiers to these elements: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Qualified Dublin Core Elements </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Element</th> <th>Qualifier </th></tr> <tr> <td>Title</td> <td>Alternative </td></tr> <tr> <td>Description</td> <td>Table Of Contents </td></tr> <tr> <td>"</td> <td>Abstract </td></tr> <tr> <td>DateCreated</td> <td>Valid </td></tr> <tr> <td>"</td> <td>Available </td></tr> <tr> <td>"</td> <td>Issued </td></tr> <tr> <td>"</td> <td>Modified </td></tr> <tr> <td>FormatExtent</td> <td>Medium </td></tr> <tr> <td>Relation</td> <td>Is Version Of </td></tr> <tr> <td>"</td> <td>Has Version </td></tr> <tr> <td>"</td> <td>Is Replaced By </td></tr> <tr> <td>"</td> <td>Replaces </td></tr> <tr> <td>"</td> <td>Is Required By </td></tr> <tr> <td>"</td> <td>Requires </td></tr> <tr> <td>"</td> <td>Is Part Of </td></tr> <tr> <td>"</td> <td>Has Part </td></tr> <tr> <td>"</td> <td>Is Referenced By </td></tr> <tr> <td>"</td> <td>References </td></tr> <tr> <td>"</td> <td>Is Format Of </td></tr> <tr> <td>"</td> <td>Has Format </td></tr> <tr> <td>Coverage</td> <td>Spatial </td></tr> <tr> <td>"</td> <td>Temporal </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>And added three elements not in the base 15: </p> <ul><li>Audience</li> <li>Provenance</li> <li>RightsHolder</li></ul> <p>Qualified Dublin Core is often used with a "dot syntax", with a period separating the element and the qualifier(s). This is shown in this excerpted example provided by Chan and Hodges:<sup id="cite_ref-chan_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chan-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Title:</b> D-Lib Magazine<br /> <b>Title.alternative:</b> Digital Library Magazine<br /> <b>Identifier.ISSN:</b> 1082-9873<br /> <b>Publisher:</b> Corporation for National Research Initiatives<br /> <b>Publisher.place:</b> Reston, VA.<br /> <b>Subject.topical.LCSH:</b> Digital libraries - Periodicals </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DCMI_Metadata_Terms,_2008"><span id="DCMI_Metadata_Terms.2C_2008"></span>DCMI Metadata Terms, 2008</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_Core&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: DCMI Metadata Terms, 2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The DCMI Metadata Terms lists the current set of the Dublin Core vocabulary.<sup id="cite_ref-dublincore1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dublincore1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This set includes the fifteen terms of the DCMES (in <i>italic</i>), as well as many of the qualified terms. Each term has a unique URI in the namespace <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms">http://purl.org/dc/terms</a>, and all are defined as <a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a> properties. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li>abstract</li> <li>accessRights</li> <li>accrualMethod</li> <li>accrualPeriodicity</li> <li>accrualPolicy</li> <li>alternative</li> <li>audience</li> <li>available</li> <li>bibliographicCitation</li> <li>conformsTo</li> <li><i>contributor</i></li> <li><i>coverage</i></li> <li>created</li> <li><i>creator</i></li> <li><i>date</i></li> <li>dateAccepted</li> <li>dateCopyrighted</li> <li>dateSubmitted</li> <li><i>description</i></li> <li>educationLevel</li> <li>extent</li> <li><i>format</i></li> <li>hasFormat</li> <li>hasPart</li> <li>hasVersion</li> <li><i>identifier</i></li> <li>instructionalMethod</li> <li>isFormatOf</li> <li>isPartOf</li> <li>isReferencedBy</li> <li>isReplacedBy</li> <li>isRequiredBy</li> <li>issued</li> <li>isVersionOf</li> <li><i>language</i></li> <li>license</li> <li>mediator</li> <li>medium</li> <li>modified</li> <li>provenance</li> <li><i>publisher</i></li> <li>references</li> <li><i>relation</i></li> <li>replaces</li> <li>requires</li> <li><i>rights</i></li> <li>rightsHolder</li> <li><i>source</i></li> <li>spatial</li> <li><i>subject</i></li> <li>tableOfContents</li> <li>temporal</li> <li><i>title</i></li> <li><i>type</i></li> <li>valid</li></ul></div> <p>It also includes these RDF classes which are used as domains and ranges of some properties: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li>Agent</li> <li>AgentClass</li> <li>BibliographicResource</li> <li>FileFormat</li> <li>Frequency</li> <li>Jurisdiction</li> <li>LicenseDocument</li> <li>LinguisticSystem</li> <li>Location</li> <li>LocationPeriod/OrJurisdiction</li> <li>MediaType</li> <li>MediaTypeOrExtent</li> <li>MethodOfAccrual</li> <li>MethodOfInstruction</li> <li>PeriodOfTime</li> <li>PhysicalMedium</li> <li>PhysicalResource</li> <li>Policy</li> <li>ProvenanceStatement</li> <li>RightsStatement</li> <li>SizeOrDuration</li> <li>Standard</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maintenance_of_the_standard">Maintenance of the standard</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_Core&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Maintenance of the standard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Changes that are made to the Dublin Core standard are reviewed by a DCMI Usage Board within the context of a DCMI Namespace Policy.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This policy describes how terms are assigned and also sets limits on the amount of editorial changes allowed to the labels, definitions, and usage comments.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dublin_Core_as_standards">Dublin Core as standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_Core&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Dublin Core as standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dublin Core Metadata Terms vocabulary has been formally standardized internationally as <b>ISO 15836</b> by the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> (ISO)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as <b>IETF RFC 5013</b> by the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> (IETF),<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as in the U.S. as <b>ANSI/NISO Z39.85</b> by the <a href="/wiki/National_Information_Standards_Organization" title="National Information Standards Organization">National Information Standards Organization</a> (NISO).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_Core&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Syntax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syntax choices for metadata expressed with the Dublin Core elements depend on context. Dublin Core concepts and semantics are designed to be syntax independent<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2019)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and apply to a variety of contexts, as long as the metadata is in a form suitable for interpretation by both machines and people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_applications">Notable applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_Core&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notable applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One <a href="/wiki/Document_Type_Definition" class="mw-redirect" title="Document Type Definition">Document Type Definition</a> based on Dublin Core is the Open Source Metadata Framework (OMF) specification.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OMF is in turn used by <a href="/wiki/Rarian" title="Rarian">Rarian</a> (superseding <a href="/wiki/ScrollKeeper" title="ScrollKeeper">ScrollKeeper</a>), which is used by the <a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a> desktop and <a href="/wiki/KDE" title="KDE">KDE</a> help browsers and the ScrollServer documentation server. </p><p><a href="/wiki/PBCore" title="PBCore">PBCore</a> is also based on Dublin Core.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Zope" title="Zope">Zope</a> <a href="/wiki/Zope_Content_Management_Framework" class="mw-redirect" title="Zope Content Management Framework">CMF's</a> Metadata products, used by the <a href="/wiki/Plone_(software)" title="Plone (software)">Plone</a>, <a href="/wiki/ERP5" title="ERP5">ERP5</a>, the Nuxeo CPS <a href="/wiki/Content_management_system" title="Content management system">Content management systems</a>, <a href="/wiki/SimpleDL" title="SimpleDL">SimpleDL</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fedora_Commons" title="Fedora Commons">Fedora Commons</a> also implement Dublin Core. The <a href="/wiki/EPUB" title="EPUB">EPUB</a> <a href="/wiki/E-book" class="mw-redirect" title="E-book">e-book</a> format uses Dublin Core metadata in the <a href="/wiki/OPF_(file_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="OPF (file format)">OPF file</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qualified Dublin Core is used in the <a href="/wiki/DSpace" title="DSpace">DSpace</a> archival management software.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Government_Locator_Service" title="Australian Government Locator Service">Australian Government Locator Service</a> (AGLS) metadata standard is an application profile of Dublin Core.<sup id="cite_ref-AGLS_Reference_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AGLS_Reference-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 5">: 5 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_Core&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metadata_registry" title="Metadata registry">Metadata registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metadata_Object_Description_Schema" title="Metadata Object Description Schema">Metadata Object Description Schema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontology_(information_science)" title="Ontology (information science)">Ontology (information science)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Archives_Initiative" title="Open Archives Initiative">Open Archives Initiative</a> (OAI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controlled_vocabulary" title="Controlled vocabulary">Controlled vocabulary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interoperability" title="Interoperability">Interoperability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_Core" title="Darwin Core">Darwin Core</a>, a Dublin Core extension for biodiversity informatics</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_Core&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output 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#aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/40px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/60px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, 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tool for working with Dublin core metadata code</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-userguide-3-0.html">Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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4em"><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web">Semantic Web</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">Databases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontology_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontology (computer science)">Ontologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantics_(computer_science)" title="Semantics (computer science)">Semantics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_network" title="Semantic network">Semantic networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sub-topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dataspaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Dataspaces">Dataspaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperdata" title="Hyperdata">Hyperdata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linked_data" title="Linked data">Linked data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule-based_system" title="Rule-based system">Rule-based systems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_analytics" title="Semantic analytics">Semantic analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_broker" title="Semantic broker">Semantic broker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_computing" title="Semantic computing">Semantic computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_mapper" title="Semantic mapper">Semantic mapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_matching" title="Semantic matching">Semantic matching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_publishing" title="Semantic publishing">Semantic publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_reasoner" title="Semantic reasoner">Semantic reasoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_search" title="Semantic search">Semantic search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_service-oriented_architecture" title="Semantic service-oriented architecture">Semantic service-oriented architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_wiki" title="Semantic wiki">Semantic wiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_(web_decentralization_project)" title="Solid (web decentralization project)">Solid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_intelligence" title="Collective intelligence">Collective intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Description_logic" title="Description logic">Description logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folksonomy" title="Folksonomy">Folksonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotagging" title="Geotagging">Geotagging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_architecture" title="Information architecture">Information architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IXBRL" class="mw-redirect" title="IXBRL">iXBRL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_extraction" title="Knowledge extraction">Knowledge extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_management" title="Knowledge management">Knowledge management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_representation_and_reasoning" title="Knowledge representation and reasoning">Knowledge representation and reasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_2.0" title="Library 2.0">Library 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_library" title="Digital library">Digital library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_humanities" title="Digital humanities">Digital humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reference_(computer_science)" title="Reference (computer science)">References</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_map" title="Topic map">Topic map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_2.0" title="Web 2.0">Web 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_engineering" title="Web engineering">Web engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Science_Trust" title="Web Science Trust">Web Science Trust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syntax and supporting technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier" title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Semantic_triple" title="Semantic triple">triples</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/RDF/XML" title="RDF/XML">RDF/XML</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/JSON-LD" title="JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Turtle_(syntax)" title="Turtle (syntax)">Turtle</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/TriG_(syntax)" title="TriG (syntax)">TriG</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Notation3" title="Notation3">Notation3</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/N-Triples" title="N-Triples">N-Triples</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/TriX_(serialization_format)" title="TriX (serialization format)">TriX</a> (no W3C standard)</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_Resource_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Research Resource Identifier">RRID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARQL" title="SPARQL">SPARQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_HTML" title="Semantic HTML">Semantic HTML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schemas, ontologies and rules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Logic" title="Common Logic">Common Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language" title="Web Ontology Language">OWL</a></li> <li><a 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