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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nomen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origo_et_historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origo_et_historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Origo et historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origo_et_historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incolae_notabiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incolae_notabiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Incolae notabiles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incolae_notabiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nexus_interni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nexus_interni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Nexus interni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nexus_interni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliographia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nexus_externi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nexus_externi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Nexus externi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nexus_externi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Index" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Calcutta</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 166 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-166" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">166 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Africana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Africana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkutta" title="Kalkutta – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kalkutta" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%AB%E1%89%B3" title="ኮልካታ – Amharica" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኮልካታ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcuta" title="Calcuta – Aragonensis" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Calcuta" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="कलकत्ता – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कलकत्ता" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="كلكتا – Arabica" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كلكتا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="كولكاتا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كولكاتا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="কলিকতা – Assamica" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কলিকতা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcuta" title="Calcuta – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Calcuta" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%99lk%C9%99t%C9%99" title="Kəlkətə – Atropatenica" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kəlkətə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Atropatenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%87" title="کلکته – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کلکته" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Калькутта – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Калькутта" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkota" title="Kalkota – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kalkota" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Калькута – Ruthenica Alba" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Калькута" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Ruthenica Alba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Калката – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Калката" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Колката – Bulgarica" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Колката" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="कलकत्ता – Bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कलकत्ता" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="কলকাতা – Bengalica" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কলকাতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F" title="ཀ་ལི་ཀུ་ཏ – Tibetana" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀ་ལི་ཀུ་ཏ" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Britonica" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Britonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Bosnica" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Калькутта – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Калькутта" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcuta" title="Calcuta – Catalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Calcuta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Калькутта – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Калькутта" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata_(kapital_sa_estado)" title="Kolkata (kapital sa estado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kolkata (kapital sa estado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95" title="کەلکەتە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەلکەتە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta" title="Calcutta – Corsa" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Calcutta" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkata" title="Kalkata – Bohemica" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kalkata" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Bohemica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Калькутта – Chuvassica" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Калькутта" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvassica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Cambrica" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Cambrica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Danica" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Germanica" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Germanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkuta" title="Kalkuta – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kalkuta" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="कोलकाता – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="कोलकाता" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Καλκούτα – Graeca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καλκούτα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Graeca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Anglica" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Anglica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkato" title="Kolkato – Esperantica" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kolkato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperantica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcuta" title="Calcuta – Hispanica" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Calcuta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Hispanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Estonica" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkuta" title="Kalkuta – Vasconica" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kalkuta" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Vasconica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcuta" title="Calcuta – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Calcuta" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%87" title="کلکته – Persica" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلکته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkutta" title="Kalkutta – Finnica" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kalkutta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Faroensis" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta" title="Calcutta – Francogallica" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Calcutta" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francogallica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkutta" title="Kalkutta – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kalkutta" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkutta" title="Kalkutta – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kalkutta" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calc%C3%BAta" title="Calcúta – Hibernica" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Calcúta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Hibernica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E5%90%84%E7%AD%94" title="加爾各答 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="加爾各答" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Scotica" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scotica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcuta" title="Calcuta – Gallaica" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Calcuta" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Gallaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkuta" title="Kalkuta – Guaranica" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kalkuta" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaranica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="कलकत्ता – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="कलकत्ता" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE" title="કોલકાતા – Gujaratensis" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કોલકાતા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujaratensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%94" title="קולקטה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קולקטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="कोलकाता – Hindica" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोलकाता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Croatica" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Hungarica" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A1" title="Կալկաթա – Armenica" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կալկաթա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A1" title="Կալկաթա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կալկաթա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta" title="Calcutta – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Calcutta" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta" title="Calcutta – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Calcutta" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Калькутта – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Калькутта" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkuta" title="Kalkuta – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kalkuta" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Islandica" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta" title="Calcutta – Italiana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Calcutta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BF" title="コルカタ – Iaponica" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コルカタ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Iaponica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkuta" title="Kalkuta – Iavensis" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kalkuta" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Iavensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="კოლკატა – Georgiana" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოლკატა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalikuta" title="Kalikuta – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kalikuta" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Калькутта – Cazachica" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Калькутта" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Cazachica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4" title="ಕೊಲ್ಕತ್ತ – Cannadica" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೊಲ್ಕತ್ತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Cannadica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%9C%EC%B9%B4%ED%83%80" title="콜카타 – Coreana" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="콜카타" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%95%DA%A9%D9%8E%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="کَلٕکَتا – Casmirica" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کَلٕکَتا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Casmirica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Curdica" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Curdica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Cornubica" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornubica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Калькутта – Chirgisica" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Калькутта" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Chirgisica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta" title="Calcutta – Limburgica" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Calcutta" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcuta" title="Calcuta – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Calcuta" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Lithuanica" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Lettonica" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="कोलकाता – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कोलकाता" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Malagasiana" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Колката – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Колката" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korokata" title="Korokata – Maoriana" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Korokata" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maoriana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Колката – Macedonica" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Колката" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4" title="കൊൽക്കത്ത – Malabarica" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൊൽക്കത്ത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Калькутта – Mongolica" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Калькутта" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="कोलकाता – Marathica" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कोलकाता" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Malayana" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Melitensis" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Melitensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ကာလကတ္တားမြို့ – Birmanica" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာလကတ္တားမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%87" title="کلکته – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کلکته" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkutta" title="Kalkutta – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kalkutta" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="कोलकाता – Nepalensis" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कोलकाता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="कोलकाता – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कोलकाता" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta" title="Calcutta – Batava" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Calcutta" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Batava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcuta" title="Calcuta – Occitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Calcuta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE" title="କଲିକତା – Orissensis" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କଲିକତା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Orissensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Калькуттæ – Ossetica" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Калькуттæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕੋਲਕਾਤਾ – Panjabica" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੋਲਕਾਤਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Panjabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Polonica" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="کلکتا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کلکتا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%87" title="کلکته – Afganica" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کلکته" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Afganica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcut%C3%A1" title="Calcutá – Lusitana" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Calcutá" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Lusitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Quechuae" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechuae" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta" title="Calcutta – Dacoromanica" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Calcutta" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Dacoromanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta" title="Calcutta – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Calcutta" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Калькутта – Russica" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Калькутта" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Колката – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Колката" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="कोलकाता – Sanscrita" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कोलकाता" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanscrita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Колката – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Колката" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta" title="Calcutta – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Calcutta" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="ڪولڪتا – Sindhuica" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪولڪتا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhuica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F" title="කොල්කාතා – Singhalensis" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කොල්කාතා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singhalensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkata" title="Kalkata – Slovaca" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kalkata" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkuta" title="Kalkuta – Slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kalkuta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkuta" title="Kalkuta – Albanica" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kalkuta" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Колката – Serbica" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Колката" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta" title="Calcutta – Suecica" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Calcutta" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Suecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE" title="கொல்கத்தா – Tamulica" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கொல்கத்தா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamulica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE" title="కోల్‌కాతా – Telingana" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కోల్‌కాతా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telingana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Калкутта – Tadzikica" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Калкутта" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzikica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="โกลกาตา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โกลกาตา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkutta" title="Kalkutta – Turcomannica" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kalkutta" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turcomannica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalk%C3%BCta" title="Kalküta – Turcica" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kalküta" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turcica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4lk%C3%BCtt%C3%A4" title="Kälküttä – Tatarica" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Kälküttä" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkutta" title="Kalkutta – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Kalkutta" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Колката – Ucrainica" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Колката" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ucrainica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="کولکاتا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کولکاتا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkutta" title="Kalkutta – Uzbecica" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kalkutta" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcuta" title="Calcuta – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Calcuta" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkat" title="Kolkat – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kolkat" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Vietnamica" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E5%90%84%E7%AD%94" title="加尔各答 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="加尔各答" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="კოლკატა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კოლკატა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%98%D7%90" title="קאלקאטא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאלקאטא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E5%90%84%E7%AD%94" title="加尔各答 – Sinica" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加尔各答" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sinica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kolkata" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E5%90%84%E7%AD%94" title="加爾各答 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="加爾各答" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1348#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Nexus inter linguas recensere" class="wbc-editpage">Nexus recensere</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spatia nominalia"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Calcutta" title="Videre paginam [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Res</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Calcutta" rel="discussion" title="Disputatio de hac pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Disputatio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span 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recensere [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Fontem recensere</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcutta&action=history" title="Superiores huius paginae versiones [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Historiam inspicere</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Instrumenta" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Instrumenta</span> </label> <div 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class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Nexus_ad_paginam/Calcutta" title="Index paginarum quae hic nectunt [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Nexus ad paginam</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Nuper_mutata_annexorum/Calcutta" rel="nofollow" title="Nuper mutata in paginis quibus haec pagina nectit [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Nuper mutata annexorum</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=la" title="Fasciculos imponere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fasciculum imponere</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Paginae_speciales" title="Index paginarum specialium [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Paginae speciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcutta&oldid=3833356" title="Nexus perpetuus ad hanc paginae redactionem"><span>Nexus perpetuus</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcutta&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>De hac pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:CiteThisPage&page=Calcutta&id=3833356&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Institutiones de hac pagina citanda"><span>Hanc paginam citare</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fla.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCalcutta"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fla.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCalcutta"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimere vel exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Calcutta"><span>Librum creare</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:DownloadAsPdf&page=Calcutta&action=show-download-screen"><span>Paginam prehendere formá PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcutta&printable=yes" title="Forma impressibilis huius paginae [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Forma impressibilis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inceptis aliis </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" hreflang="en"><span>Vicimedia Communia</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1348" title="Nexus ad rem repositorii Vicibasis [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Res Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-a10100" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/VP:Expansio" title="VP:Expansio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg/20px-Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg/30px-Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg/40px-Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="68" data-file-height="43" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-a10200" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:1000_paginae" title="Vicipaedia:1000 paginae"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Mille_Paginae.png/28px-Mille_Paginae.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Mille_Paginae.png/42px-Mille_Paginae.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Mille_Paginae.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-a11300" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Latinitas" title="Latinitas bona"><img alt="Latinitas bona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/8px-ButtonGreen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/12px-ButtonGreen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ButtonGreen.svg/16px-ButtonGreen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-a20100" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3390831">body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output .coordinatesindicator{font-size:10px}body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output .coordinatesindicator{font-size:85%}</style><div class="mw-parser-output"><span style="font-size:small;"><span id="coordinatesindicator">Coordinata: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3389973">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Calcutta&params=22_34_22_N_88_21_50_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">22°34′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">88°21′50″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">22.57278°N 88.36389°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">22.57278; 88.36389</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></div></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">E Vicipaedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="la" dir="ltr"><div class="capsa-vicidata infobox" style="width:15em; background:#e3e3e3;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3850522">.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata{float:right;margin:0 0 2em 1em;padding:.25em .5em;box-shadow:8px 8px 8px #ccc;text-align:center;background-color:#f2f2f2;border:1px solid #bebebe}.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata-titulus{padding-top:.44em;font-size:90%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata-subtitulus{padding-bottom:.14em;font-size:70%}.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata-data{font-size:80%;margin-top:1em;padding:.2em .1em .1em .2em}.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata .mw-collapsible{text-align:left}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata{width:100%!important;float:none;margin-left:0;box-shadow:0 8px 8px #ccc}}</style> <div class="capsa-vicidata-titulus noviewer"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Wikidata-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/25px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/38px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/50px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Calcutta</div> <div class="capsa-vicidata-subtitulus">Res apud <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle/lawiki/Calcutta" class="extiw" title="d:Special:ItemByTitle/lawiki/Calcutta">Vicidata</a> repertae:</div><div class="capsa-vicidata-data"> <i>Civitas</i>: <span><span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></span><br /><i>Locus</i>: <span><span><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Specialis:Map/0/22.5726723/88.3638815/la" data-lat="22.5726723" data-lon="88.3638815" data-overlays="["_c23c543c0d6996275050cda7bf198e674499fc94"]">22°34′22″N 88°21′50″E</a></span></span><br /><i>Numerus incolarum</i>: <span><span>4 496 694</span></span><br /><i>Zona horaria</i>: <span><span>UTC+5:30</span></span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kmcgov.in">Situs interretialis</a><br /><i>Nomen officiale</i>: <span><span><span lang="bn">কলকাতা</span></span>, <span><span lang="hi">कोलकाता</span></span>, <span><span lang="en">Kolkata</span></span></span><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <p><b>Gestio</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <i>Praefectus</i>: <span><span>Firhad Hakim</span></span><br /><i>Procuratio superior</i>: <span><span>Kolkata district</span></span><br /></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <p><b>Geographia</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <i>Superficies</i>: <span><span>206.08 chiliometrum quadratum</span></span><br /></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <p><b>Coniunctiones urbium</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <i>Urbes gemellae</i>: <span><span><a href="/wiki/Karachium" title="Karachium">Karachium</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Ora_longa" title="Ora longa">Ora longa</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Thessalonica" title="Thessalonica">Thessalonica</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Iunnania_(urbs)" title="Iunnania (urbs)">Kunming</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Neapolis" title="Neapolis">Neapolis</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa">Odessa</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Incheon" title="Incheon">Incheon</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Dacca" title="Dacca">Dacca</a></span></span><br /></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <p><b>Tabula aut despectus</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Kolkata_in_West_Bengal_(India).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Calcutta: situs"><img alt="Calcutta: situs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Kolkata_in_West_Bengal_%28India%29.svg/190px-Kolkata_in_West_Bengal_%28India%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Kolkata_in_West_Bengal_%28India%29.svg/285px-Kolkata_in_West_Bengal_%28India%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Kolkata_in_West_Bengal_%28India%29.svg/380px-Kolkata_in_West_Bengal_%28India%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1039" data-file-height="1585" /></a><figcaption>Calcutta: situs</figcaption></figure></div></div></div></div> <p><b>Calcutta</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Bengalice" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengalice">Bengalice</a> কলকাতা <i><a href="/wiki/Alphabetum_Internationale_Translitterationis_Sanscriticae" title="Alphabetum Internationale Translitterationis Sanscriticae">Kalakātā</a></i>; Anglice hodie saepius <i>Kolkata</i>), est <a href="/wiki/Caput_(urbs)" title="Caput (urbs)">caput</a> <a href="/wiki/Civitas" title="Civitas">civitatis</a> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indicae</a> <a href="/wiki/Bengalia_Occidentalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengalia Occidentalis">Bengaliae Occidentalis</a>. <a href="/wiki/Urbs" title="Urbs">Urbs</a>, in orientali <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugali_(flumen)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugali (flumen) (non est haec pagina)">fluminis Hugalī</a> ripa sita,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> est principalis <a href="/wiki/Commercium" title="Commercium">commercii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cultura" title="Cultura">culturae</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pages.cthome.net_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pages.cthome.net-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> et <a href="/wiki/Educatio" title="Educatio">educationis</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=India_Orientalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="India Orientalis (non est haec pagina)">India Orientali</a> sedes, cum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portus_Calcuttensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portus Calcuttensis (non est haec pagina)">Portus Calcuttensis</a> est antiquus <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indiae</a> portus et solus maior portus fluviatilis. Anno <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>, urbi fuerunt 4.5 <a href="/wiki/Millio" class="mw-redirect" title="Millio">milliones</a> incolarum; toti agglomerationi urbanae, quae urbem et sua <a href="/wiki/Suburbium" title="Suburbium">suburbia</a> complectitur, fuerunt circa 14.1 milliones. <a href="/wiki/Urbs" title="Urbs">Urbs</a> ergo est tertia a maxima regio metropolitana in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> et una ex maximis regionibus urbanis in orbe terrarum. Urbs etiam ut octava a maxima agglomeratio urbana in orbe terrarum sita describitur.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anno <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>, sua <a href="/wiki/Oeconomia" title="Oeconomia">oeconomia</a>, per <a href="/wiki/Productus_domesticus_grossus" class="mw-redirect" title="Productus domesticus grossus">grossum domesticum productum</a> computata, tertia fuit inter urbes <a href="/wiki/Asia_Meridiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Meridiana">Asiae Meridianae</a>, post <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbaos</a> et <a href="/wiki/Dellium" title="Dellium">Dellium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pricewater_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pricewater-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Urbs Calcutta metropolitana in civitate evolvente crescens, maiorem <a href="/wiki/Pollutio" title="Pollutio">pollutionem</a> urbanam, congestionem commeandi, <a href="/wiki/Paupertas" title="Paupertas">paupertatem</a>, nimium <a href="/wiki/Habitatio" title="Habitatio">habitantes</a>, et alias quaestiones logisticas et socio-oeconomicas obit. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Saeculum_17" title="Saeculum 17">Saeculo septimo decimo</a> exeunte, <a href="/wiki/Tres" title="Tres">tres</a> vici qui Calcuttam antecesserunt a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praefectus_Bengaliae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praefectus Bengaliae (non est haec pagina)">praefectu Bengaliae</a> sub <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperium_Mogolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperium Mogolis (non est haec pagina)">imperio</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperatores_Mogoles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperatores Mogoles (non est haec pagina)">Mogolum</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> regebantur. Postquam nawab potestatem <a href="/wiki/Merx" title="Merx">mercaturarum</a> faciendarum <a href="/wiki/Societas_Britannica_Indiarum_Orientalium" title="Societas Britannica Indiarum Orientalium">Societati Indiae Orientalis</a> anno <a href="/wiki/1690" title="1690">1690</a> dederat,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Regio" title="Regio">regio</a> a societate in castra <a href="/wiki/Merx" title="Merx">mercatorum</a> magis et magis praemunita evoluta est. Nawab <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siraj_ud-Daulah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siraj ud-Daulah (non est haec pagina)">Siraj ud-Daulah</a> Calcuttam anno <a href="/wiki/1756" title="1756">1756</a> occupavit, sed societas eam anno sequente recepit et adeo ante annum <a href="/wiki/1772" title="1772">1772</a> sibi <a href="/wiki/Maiestas_(Ius_constitutionale)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maiestas (Ius constitutionale)">maiestatem</a> plenam adsumpserat. Sub Societate Indiae Orientalis et deinde in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dicio_Britannica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dicio Britannica (non est haec pagina)">Dicione Britannica</a>, Calcutta erat <a href="/wiki/Caput_(urbs)" title="Caput (urbs)">caput</a> Indiae usque ad <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>, cum eius percepta incommoda <a href="/wiki/Geographia" title="Geographia">geographica</a>, atque <a href="/wiki/Nationalismus" title="Nationalismus">nationalismus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bengalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengalia">Bengalia</a> crescens, effecerunt ut caput ad <a href="/wiki/Novum_Dellium" class="mw-redirect" title="Novum Dellium">Novum Dellium</a> transferretur. Urbs erat sedes <a href="/w/index.php?title=Motus_libertatis_Indicae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motus libertatis Indicae (non est haec pagina)">motus libertatis Indicae</a>, et manet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Civilitas_Bengaliae_Occidentalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civilitas Bengaliae Occidentalis (non est haec pagina)">civilitatis civitatis hodiernae</a> semen. Libertate Indica anno <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a> capta, Calcutta—quae olim fuerat sedes hodiernarum <a href="/wiki/Educatio" title="Educatio">educationis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scientia_(ratio)" title="Scientia (ratio)">scientiae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cultura" title="Cultura">culturae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civilitas" title="Civilitas">civilitatis</a> Indicarum—nonnulla decennia stagnationis<sup style="font-size: .75em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Calcutta" title="Disputatio:Calcutta">?</a></sup> oeconomicae passa est. Post autem <a href="/wiki/Decennium_201" class="mw-redirect" title="Decennium 201">decennium 201</a> iniens, renovatio oeconomica auctum accelerantem excitavit. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomen">Nomen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcutta&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Recensere partem: Nomen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcutta&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Nomen"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Fortwilliam1828.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Fortwilliam1828.jpg/220px-Fortwilliam1828.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Fortwilliam1828.jpg/330px-Fortwilliam1828.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Fortwilliam1828.jpg/440px-Fortwilliam1828.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2836" /></a><figcaption>Pictura Castelli William, circa annum <a href="/wiki/1828" title="1828">1828</a>, ubi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atrum_Cavum_Calcuttense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atrum Cavum Calcuttense (non est haec pagina)">casus Cavi Atri</a> factus est.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:HooglyKolkata1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/HooglyKolkata1945.jpg/220px-HooglyKolkata1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/HooglyKolkata1945.jpg/330px-HooglyKolkata1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/HooglyKolkata1945.jpg/440px-HooglyKolkata1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="963" data-file-height="727" /></a><figcaption>Portus Calcuttensis anno <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>, gravis portus militaris per <a href="/wiki/Secundum_bellum_mundanum" title="Secundum bellum mundanum">secundum bellum mundanum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nomen Bengalicum hodiernum <a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" class="extiw" title="bn:কলকাতা">কলকাতা</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Alphabetum_Internationale_Translitterationis_Sanscriticae" title="Alphabetum Internationale Translitterationis Sanscriticae">Kalakātā</a></i>, pronuntiatu [<span title="Abecedarium Phoneticum Internationale" class="IPA">ˈkolkat̪a</span>], ex appellatione derivatur unius e tribus vicis olim ad ripas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugali_(flumen)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugali (flumen) (non est haec pagina)">fluminis Hugalī</a> iacentibus, videlicet <a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" class="extiw" title="bn:কলিকাতা">কলিকাতা</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalikata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalikata (non est haec pagina)">Kalikātā</a></i>. Pronuntiatus Bengalicus saeculorum septimi decimi et duodevicesimi in scripturam Anglicam eius temporis satis curiose convertitur litteris <i>Calcutta</i> [<span title="Abecedarium Phoneticum Internationale" class="IPA">kʌlˈkʌtə</span>]; quae orthographia usque ad annum <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a> in India in scriptis Anglicis omnibus adhibebatur, atque etiam hodie a scriptoribus nonnullis, sed eo anno nomen Anglicum in <i>Kolkata</i> decreto mutatum est. Substantivum Latinum "Calcutta" et adiectivum "Calcuttensis" (quae verba tam a botanistis quam a clericis adhibentur) e nomine olim sollemni Anglico proveniunt. </p><p>Origo nominis prisci <i>Kalikātā</i> incertus est. Quidam e nomine reconstructo <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Sanscritica" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingua Sanscritica">Sanscritico</a> <i>Kalikṣetra</i> "terra deae <a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a>" derivant quia antiquum huius deae templum prope vico <i>Kalikātā</i> situm iacet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origo_et_historia">Origo et historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcutta&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Recensere partem: Origo et historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcutta&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Origo et historia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Kolkata_South_Central_CBD_(11).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Kolkata_South_Central_CBD_%2811%29.jpg/220px-Kolkata_South_Central_CBD_%2811%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Kolkata_South_Central_CBD_%2811%29.jpg/330px-Kolkata_South_Central_CBD_%2811%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Kolkata_South_Central_CBD_%2811%29.jpg/440px-Kolkata_South_Central_CBD_%2811%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2556" data-file-height="1676" /></a><figcaption>Despectus in alteram mediam <a href="/wiki/Commercium" title="Commercium">commercii</a> regionem Calcuttensem, ad <a href="/wiki/Meridies" title="Meridies">meridiem</a> Viae Park.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Kolkata_Maidan,_green_recreational_space,_Kolkata,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Kolkata_Maidan%2C_green_recreational_space%2C_Kolkata%2C_India.jpg/220px-Kolkata_Maidan%2C_green_recreational_space%2C_Kolkata%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Kolkata_Maidan%2C_green_recreational_space%2C_Kolkata%2C_India.jpg/330px-Kolkata_Maidan%2C_green_recreational_space%2C_Kolkata%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Kolkata_Maidan%2C_green_recreational_space%2C_Kolkata%2C_India.jpg/440px-Kolkata_Maidan%2C_green_recreational_space%2C_Kolkata%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2688" /></a><figcaption>Conspectus in Calcuttam ex <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maidan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maidan (non est haec pagina)">Maidan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Eo pago, ubi mox Calcutta floruerit, saeculo XVII vici tres ad ripam orientalem fluminis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugali_(flumen)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugali (flumen) (non est haec pagina)">Hugalī</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Gangae</a> effluentis, stabant, scilicet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sut%C4%81nu%E1%B9%ADi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sutānuṭi (non est haec pagina)">Sutānuṭi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalik%C4%81t%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalikātā (non est haec pagina)">Kalikātā</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Govindapura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Govindapura (non est haec pagina)">Govindapura</a>. Horum antiquissimus fuit ut videtur Kalikātā, cuius nomen iam anno 1495/<a href="/wiki/1496" title="1496">1496</a> in cantilena quadam de vita deae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manasa (non est haec pagina)">Manasae</a> reperitur.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nomen rursus legimus anno circiter 1590 in libro cuius titulus est <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ain-e-Akbari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ain-e-Akbari (non est haec pagina)">Āīn-e-Akbarī</a></i> de situ et gubernio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperium_Mogolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperium Mogolis (non est haec pagina)">Imperii Magni Mogolis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibi Kalikātā inter pagos enumeratur urbi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saptagr%C4%81ma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saptagrāma (non est haec pagina)">Saptagrāmae</a> tributarios. Quae urbs ad flumini <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarasvati_(flumen_Bengaliae)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarasvati (flumen Bengaliae) (non est haec pagina)">Sarasvatī</a> adstans fuit olim metropolis <a href="/wiki/Bengalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengalia">Bengaliae</a> meridianae (provinciae eius Imperii) et a <a href="/wiki/Portugallia" title="Portugallia">Portugallensibus</a> ab anno <a href="/wiki/1533" title="1533">1533</a> frequentata: mox autem, flumine exsiccata, a mercatoribus et habitantibus relicta est. Huius metropolis fama hodie oblita ab ipsa Calcutta usurpata est. </p><p>Ergo Portugallenses saeculo XVI exeunte emporia ad flumen Hugalī quaerebant ad commercium cum Imperio conducendum, urbemque <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugali_(urbs)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugali (urbs) (non est haec pagina)">Hugalī</a> (35 <a href="/wiki/Chiliometrum" title="Chiliometrum">km</a> a Calcutta ad septentrionem versus distantem) anno <a href="/wiki/1579" title="1579">1579</a> condiderunt, quod emporium deinde ab imperatore raptum est et <a href="/wiki/Nederlandia" title="Nederlandia">Batavis</a> anno <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a> traditum. Interdum <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francici</a> emporium propinquum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Candananagara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Candananagara (non est haec pagina)">Candananagaram</a> constituerunt anno <a href="/wiki/1673" title="1673">1673</a>. Ad Kalikātām venit die <a href="/wiki/24_Augusti" title="24 Augusti">24 Augusti</a> <a href="/wiki/1690" title="1690">1690</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iob_Charnock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iob Charnock (non est haec pagina)">Iob Charnock</a>, negotiator <a href="/wiki/Societas_Britannica_Indiae_Orientalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Societas Britannica Indiae Orientalis">Societatis Britannicae Indiae Orientalis</a>. Terrae trium vicorum, olim familia <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C4%81varna_R%C4%81yacaudhur%C4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sāvarna Rāyacaudhurī (non est haec pagina)">Sāvarna Rāyacaudhurī</a> subiectae, consociis Britannicis iussu praefectús Bengaliae anno <a href="/wiki/1698" title="1698">1698</a> traditae sunt. Ibi anno <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a> castellum confecerunt cui nomen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_William&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort William (non est haec pagina)">Fort William</a>, scilicet "Castellum Gulielminum", ad honorem regis Britannici <a href="/wiki/Gulielmus_III_(rex_Angliae)" title="Gulielmus III (rex Angliae)">Gulielmi III</a>, attributum est. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clima">Clima</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcutta&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Recensere partem: Clima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcutta&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Clima"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Urbi Calcuttae <a href="/wiki/Clima" title="Clima">clima</a> est <a href="/wiki/Clima_tropicum_savanense" class="mw-redirect" title="Clima tropicum savanense">tropicum savanense</a> per <a href="/wiki/Enumeratio_climatum_K%C3%B6ppen%E2%80%93Geiger" title="Enumeratio climatum Köppen–Geiger">enumerationem Köppen–Geiger</a>, mense Maio calidissimo, mensibus Decembri et Ianuario frigidioribus, hippalo a mense Iunio ad Septembrem saeviente; <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> aëris media mense Ianuario 20° atque mense Maio 31°, minima inter 14° et 26°, maxima inter 26.5° et 35.5°, sed minima extrema usque hodie nota 7°, maxima extrema 44°; pluviis mense Ianuario ad 11 mm tantum, mense Iulio 411 mm, anno toto non minus quam 1 800 mm elevatis; diebus pluviosis mense Decembri 1, mensibus Iulio et Augusto 20, per annum totum fere 101 notis; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Humiditas_relativa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humiditas relativa (non est haec pagina)">humiditate relativa</a> inter mensuras 58% mense Martio et 83% mensibus Iulio et Augusto reperta, horis solis fulgentis mense Iulio 93, mense Aprili 235, per annum totum 2 107 repertis; <a href="/wiki/Cyclon" title="Cyclon">cyclonibus</a> mortiferis interdum incidentibus (anno <a href="/wiki/1737" title="1737">1737</a> rursusque <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a> omnium violentissimis).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incolae_notabiles">Incolae notabiles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcutta&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Recensere partem: Incolae notabiles" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcutta&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Incolae notabiles"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Kolkata_SPOT_1354.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Kolkata_SPOT_1354.jpg/220px-Kolkata_SPOT_1354.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Kolkata_SPOT_1354.jpg/330px-Kolkata_SPOT_1354.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Kolkata_SPOT_1354.jpg/440px-Kolkata_SPOT_1354.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Despectus in Calcuttam ex satellite.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Nalban_-_Kolkata_2011-09-14_5165.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Nalban_-_Kolkata_2011-09-14_5165.JPG/220px-Nalban_-_Kolkata_2011-09-14_5165.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Nalban_-_Kolkata_2011-09-14_5165.JPG/330px-Nalban_-_Kolkata_2011-09-14_5165.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Nalban_-_Kolkata_2011-09-14_5165.JPG/440px-Nalban_-_Kolkata_2011-09-14_5165.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nubes" title="Nubes">Nubes</a> <a href="/wiki/Hippalus" title="Hippalus">hippali</a> super Nalban, partem Terrarum Humidarum Calcuttae Orientalis.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Hic nati</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scriptor" title="Scriptor">scriptor</a> et <a href="/wiki/Philosophus" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophus">philosophus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Frognall_Dibdin" title="Thomas Frognall Dibdin">Thomas Frognall Dibdin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliographus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibliographus (non est haec pagina)">bibliographus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose" title="Satyendra Nath Bose">Satyendra Nath Bose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physicus" title="Physicus">physicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulielmus_Makepeace_Thackeray" title="Gulielmus Makepeace Thackeray">Gulielmus Makepeace Thackeray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scriptor" title="Scriptor">scriptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Thakur" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabindranath Thakur">Rabindranath Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a> (1921-1992), <a href="/wiki/Pellicularum_moderator" class="mw-redirect" title="Pellicularum moderator">pellicularum moderator</a> <a href="/wiki/Bengalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengalia">Bengaliae</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Hic mortui</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mater_Teresa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mater Teresa">Mater Teresa</a>, evangelii praecona et beata</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_interni">Nexus interni</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Nationalis_Indiae" title="Bibliotheca Nationalis Indiae">Bibliotheca Nationalis Indiae</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notae">Notae</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcutta&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Recensere partem: Notae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcutta&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Notae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vide: <i>Des Pater <a href="/wiki/Iosephus_Tiefenthaler" title="Iosephus Tiefenthaler">Joseph Tieffenthalers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.de/books?id=XNYBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA137">Historisch-geographische Beschreibung von Hindustan 1788</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Carolus_Egger" title="Carolus Egger">Caroli Egger</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Lexicon_Nominum_Locorum" title="Lexicon Nominum Locorum">Lexicon Nominum Locorum</a></i> (1977, 1982: <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/8820912546" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-209-1254-6</a>), p. 68, s.v. <b>Calcutta</b>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. "Editiones Calcuttenses": <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianus_Lassen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianus Lassen (non est haec pagina)">Christianus Lassen</a>, <i>Institutiones linguae Pracriticae</i> (Bonnae, 1837) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L0gMAAAAYAAJ">Textus</a> apud <i><a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></i>) p. vi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=F8URAAAAYAAJ&dq=Kolkata+east+bank+of+river+Hooghly"><i>The Monthly Repository and Library of Entertaining Knowledge</i></a>. 1833. p. 338<span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pages.cthome.net-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pages.cthome.net_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pages.cthome.net/india2/">Calcutta Travel Advice</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/WUP2005/2005WUP_DataTables11.pdf">"World Urbanization Prospects: The 2005 revision"</a> (PDF)<span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pricewater-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pricewater_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID=1562">"Global city GDP rankings 2008–2025"</a>. Pricewaterhouse Coopers. November 2009. pp. 31–32<span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fons nominis: Joannes de Laët, <i>De Imperio Magni Mogolis, sive India Vera</i> (Lugduni Batavorum: Officina Elzeviriana, 1631).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">K. Dutta et A. Desai, <i>Calcutta: A Cultural History.</i> (Interlink, Aprili 2008, <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9781566567213" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-56656-721-3</a>), 9–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biprad%C4%81sa_Pipil%C4%81i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bipradāsa Pipilāi (non est haec pagina)">Bipradāsa Pipilāi</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manas%C4%81vijaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manasāvijaya (non est haec pagina)">Manasāvijaya</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_al-Fazl_ibn_Mubarak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak (non est haec pagina)">Abū al-Faẓl ibn Mubārak</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ain-e-Akbari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ain-e-Akbari (non est haec pagina)">Āīn-e-Akbarī</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Res climatologicae e Vicipaedia Anglica extractae, fontibus fidei dignis ibi citatis</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographia">Bibliographia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcutta&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Recensere partem: Bibliographia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcutta&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliographia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:KolkataFlowermarket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/KolkataFlowermarket.jpg/220px-KolkataFlowermarket.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/KolkataFlowermarket.jpg/330px-KolkataFlowermarket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/KolkataFlowermarket.jpg/440px-KolkataFlowermarket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="555" /></a><figcaption>Venditores <a href="/wiki/Flos" title="Flos">flores</a> in foro viario venumdant.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Omega_%26_Infinity_Benchmark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Omega_%26_Infinity_Benchmark.jpg/220px-Omega_%26_Infinity_Benchmark.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Omega_%26_Infinity_Benchmark.jpg/330px-Omega_%26_Infinity_Benchmark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Omega_%26_Infinity_Benchmark.jpg/440px-Omega_%26_Infinity_Benchmark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Sector V, in regione Lacus Salsi—sede urbana societatum IT<sup style="font-size: .75em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Calcutta" title="Disputatio:Calcutta">?</a></sup> et ITES<sup style="font-size: .75em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Calcutta" title="Disputatio:Calcutta">?</a></sup>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Dakshineswar_Kali_Temple,_Dakshineswar,_West_Bengal,_India_(2007).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Dakshineswar_Kali_Temple%2C_Dakshineswar%2C_West_Bengal%2C_India_%282007%29.jpg/220px-Dakshineswar_Kali_Temple%2C_Dakshineswar%2C_West_Bengal%2C_India_%282007%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Dakshineswar_Kali_Temple%2C_Dakshineswar%2C_West_Bengal%2C_India_%282007%29.jpg/330px-Dakshineswar_Kali_Temple%2C_Dakshineswar%2C_West_Bengal%2C_India_%282007%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Dakshineswar_Kali_Temple%2C_Dakshineswar%2C_West_Bengal%2C_India_%282007%29.jpg/440px-Dakshineswar_Kali_Temple%2C_Dakshineswar%2C_West_Bengal%2C_India_%282007%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1088" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templum_Dakshineswar_Kali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templum Dakshineswar Kali (non est haec pagina)">Templum Dakshineswar Kali</a>, templum Hindu.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Antiquiora</dt></dl> <ul><li>A. P. Benthall, <i>The Trees of Calcutta and Its Neighbourhood</i>. Calcuttae: Thacker, Spink, 1946 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/TheTreesOfCalcutta">Textus apud archive.org</a></li> <li>Binaya Krishna Deb, <i>The Early History and Growth of Calcutta</i>. Calcuttae: Romesh Chandra Ghose, 1905 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/earlyhistoryand00debgoog">Textus apud archive.org</a></li> <li>Kathleen Blechynden, <i>Calcutta, Past and Present</i>. Calcuttae: Thacker, Spink, 1905 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/calcuttapastpres00blec">Textus apud archive.org</a></li> <li>Henry Elmsley Busteed, <i>Echoes from Old Calcutta: Being Chiefly Reminiscences of the Days of Warren Hastings, Francis and Impey</i>. Calcuttae: Thacker, Spink, 1882 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/echoesfromoldcal00bustuoft">Textus apud archive.org</a></li> <li>Wilmot Corfield, <i>Calcutta faces and places in pre-camera days</i>. Calcuttae: Thacker, Spink, 1910 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/calcuttafacespla00corf">Textus apud archive.org</a></li> <li>Frank Finn, <i>The birds of Calcutta</i>. Calcuttae: Thacker, Spink, 1904 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/birdsofcalcutta00finnrich">Textus apud archive.org</a></li> <li>Montague Massey, <i>Recollections of Calcutta for over Half a Century</i>. 1918 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/12617">Textus apud gutenberg.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/recollectionsofc00massiala">apud archive.org</a></li> <li>W. S. Seton-Karr, <i>Selections from Calcutta gazettes, showing the political and social condition of the English in India</i>. 4 voll. Calcuttae: Military Orphan Press, 1864-1868 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/selectionsfromca01seto">1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/selectionsfromca02setoiala">2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/selectionsfromca03setoiala">3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/selectionsfromca04seto">4</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Historica</dt></dl> <ul><li><i>Calcutta 1905-1971. Au cœur des créations et des révoltes du siècle</i>, Éditions Autrement, no 46, janvier 1997, Paris</li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFDutta2003">Dutta, Krishna (<a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=UKfoHi5412UC"><i>Calcutta: a cultural and literary history</i></a>. Signal, 2003<span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Horst Nusser, Siva Banerji, Usha Roti: <i>Kalkutta, Stadtgeschichte, Kolonialgründung</i>. Nusser Verlag, München 1990, <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3880912726" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-88091-272-6</a>.</li> <li>Puri, Ina. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>. <i>Raj Bhavan of Kolkata: Two Hundred Years of Grandeur.</i> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0670049956" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-670-04995-6</a>.</li> <li>P. Thankappan, Calcutta in the 17th Century, Firma KLM Private Limited</li></ul> <dl><dt>Generalia et sociologica</dt></dl> <ul><li>Ravi Ahuja: <i>Mumbai – Delhi – Kolkata. Annäherungen an die Megastädte Indiens</i>. Draupadi Verlag, Heidelberg 2006, <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3937603077" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-937603-07-7</a>.</li> <li>Hartmut Beck: <i>Problemräume der Welt, Band 15, Calcutta</i>. Aulis Verlag Deubner, Köln 2002, <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3761414897" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7614-1489-7</a>.</li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFChaudhuri1995">Chaudhuri, S. (<a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>). <i>Calcutta: The Living City. Vol I and Vol II</i>. Oxford University Press, USA. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0195636988" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0195636988">0195636988</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Bill Goodnow: <i>Ballungsgebiete von Metropolen in Entwicklungsländern im Vergleich: Istanbul – Kalkutta – Djakarta</i>. Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 1992, <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3880915814" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-88091-581-4</a>.</li> <li>Martin Kämpchen: <i>Calcutta. Eine funktionierende Anarchie</i>. Wallstein, Göttingen 1994, <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3892440816" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-89244-081-6</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominicus_Lapierre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominicus Lapierre (non est haec pagina)">Dominique Lapierre</a>, <i>La cité de la joie</i>. Lutetiae: Laffont, 1985. Nova ed.: Lutetiae: Pocket, 1987. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9782266107532" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-266-10753-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominicus_Lapierre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominicus Lapierre (non est haec pagina)">Dominique Lapierre</a>, <i>Les héros de la cité de la joie</i>. Lutetiae: Laffont, 1999. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9782221051917" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-221-05191-7</a></li> <li>William D. Martin: <i>Calcuttas wechselndes Gesicht/The Changing Face in Calcutta. Eine indische Stadt aus gesellschaftlicher Perspektive</i>. Tom Laufersweiler Verlag, Wettenberg 2000, <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3896879138" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-89687-913-8</a>.</li> <li>Peter Mosimann: <i>Rikscha Kalkutta</i>. U. Bär Verlag, Zürich 1988, <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3905137178" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-905137-17-8</a>.</li> <li>Kurt Rosenthaler: <i>Kalkutta – Poesie im Chaos. Leben in einer unmöglichen Stadt</i>. Verlag Ismero, Möhlin 2004, <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3033000770" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-033-00077-0</a>.</li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFRoy2002">Roy, A. (<a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>). <i>City Requiem, Calcutta: Gender and The Politics of Poverty</i>. University of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0816639329" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0816639329">0816639329</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFThomas1997">Thomas, Frederic C. (<a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=shPmSQBGKRwC"><i>Calcutta Poor: Elegies on a City Above Pretense</i></a>. M. E. Sharpe. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/1563249812" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/1563249812">1563249812</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Topographica et de architectura</dt></dl> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/stream/handbooktravelle00john#page/52/mode/2up">Route 5. Calcutta City and environs</a>" in <i>A Handbook for Travellers in India, Burma, and Ceylon</i> (8a ed. Londinii: John Murray, 1911) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/handbooktravelle00john">Textus</a></li> <li><i>Handbook of the Bengal Presidency, with an account of Calcutta city</i>. Londinii: J. Murray, 1882 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/handbookbengalp00firgoog">Textus apud archive.org</a></li> <li>Patrick Barkham, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/mar/09/kolkata-wetlands-india-miracle-environmentalist-flood-defence">The miracle of Kolkata's wetlands – and one man's struggle to save them</a>" in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> (9 Martii 2016)</li> <li>H. E. A. Cotton, <i>Calcutta, Old and New: A Historical & Descriptive Handbook to the City</i>. Calcuttae: Newman, 1907 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/calcuttaoldandn00cottgoog">Textus apud archive.org</a></li> <li>Walter K. Firminger, <i>Thacker's guide to Calcutta</i>. Calcuttae: Thacker, Spink, 1906 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/thackersguidetoc00firm">Textus apud archive.org</a></li> <li>R. J. Minney, <i>Round about Calcutta</i>. Londinii: H. Milford, Oxford University Press, 1922 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/roundaboutcalcut00minnrich">Textus apud archive.org</a></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFMukherjee1991">Mukherjee, S. C. (<a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>). <i>The changing face of Calcutta: An architectural approach : Calcutta, 300</i>. Government of West Bengal. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/B0000D6TXX" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/B0000D6TXX">B0000D6TXX</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFSingh2003">Singh, S. (<a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>). <i>Lonely Planet India</i> (10 ed.). Lonely Planet. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/1740594215" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/1740594215">1740594215</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Aliae encyclopaediae</dt></dl> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Calcutta">Calcutta</a>" in <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Britannica" title="Encyclopaedia Britannica">Encyclopaedia Britannica</a></i>. 11a ed. (Sicagi, 1911) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studylight.org/enc/bri/">html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/EncyclopaediaBritannica1911HQDJVU">djvu</a></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/89203/Kolkata">Kolkata</a><sup style="padding-left: 2px;">[<a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Nexus_deficit" title="Vicipaedia:Nexus deficit"><i>nexus deficit</i></a>]</sup>" in <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Britannica" title="Encyclopaedia Britannica">Encyclopaedia Britannica</a> Online</i> [situs venalis]</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/stream/eastindiagazette00hami#page/200/mode/2up">Calcutta (Calicata)</a>" in Walter Hamilton, <i>The East India Gazetteer</i> (Londinii: Murray, 1815) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/eastindiagazette00hami">textus</a></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:371.hobson">Calcutta</a><sup style="padding-left: 2px;">[<a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Nexus_deficit" title="Vicipaedia:Nexus deficit"><i>nexus deficit</i></a>]</sup>" in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henricus_Yule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henricus Yule (non est haec pagina)">H. Yule</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthurus_Coke_Burnell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthurus Coke Burnell (non est haec pagina)">A. C. Burnell</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulielmus_Crooke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gulielmus Crooke (non est haec pagina)">Gulielmus Crooke</a>, ed., <i><a href="/wiki/Hobson-Jobson" title="Hobson-Jobson">Hobson-Jobson</a></i>. 2a ed. (Londinii: Murray, 1903) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/hobsonjobsonglos00yulerich">~</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/hobsonjobson/">~</a></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?volume=9&objectid=DS405.1.I34_V09_266.gif">Calcutta (Kalikata)</a>" in William Stevenson Meyer et al., <i>The Imperial Gazetteer of India</i> (2a ed. 26 voll. Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 1908-1931) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/">textus</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Commentaria</dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFMitra1976">Mitra, A. (<a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>). <i>Calcutta Diary</i>. Routledge (UK). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0714630829" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0714630829">0714630829</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Rainer Thielmann: <i>Kalkutta – Durga, Dichter und Dämonen</i>. Reiselyrik Verlag, Halfing 2011, <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9783981258325" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-9812583-2-5</a>.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Fictiones</dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFGhosh1996">Ghosh, Amitav (<a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=XHnhZVps4EQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=calcutta&cd=9#v=onepage&q"><i>The Calcutta Chromosome: A Novel of Fevers, Delirium and Discovery</i></a>. Ravi Dayal Publisher.. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/81_7530_041_8" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/81 7530 041 8">81 7530 041 8</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Dubia et verificanda</dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFBennettHindle1996">Bennett, A.; Hindle, J. (<a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>). <i>London Review of Books: An Anthology</i>. Verso. pp. 63–70. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/185984121X" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/185984121X">185984121X</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFChaudhuri2001">Chaudhuri, N. C. (<a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>). <i>The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian</i>. New York Review of Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/094032282X" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/094032282X">094032282X</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFGandhi1992">Gandhi, R. (<a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>). <i>Patel: A Life</i>. Navajivan. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/ASIN_B0006EYQ0A" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/ASIN B0006EYQ0A">ASIN B0006EYQ0A</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFMarcusevan_Kempen2000">Marcuse, P.; van Kempen, R. (<a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>). <i>Globalizing Cities: A New Spatial Order?</i>. Blackwell Publishers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0631212906" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0631212906">0631212906</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFMarston2001">Marston, D. (<a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>). <i>The Seven Year's War</i>. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/1841761915" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/1841761915">1841761915</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="iy07">Prato, Giuliana B. (<a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ny7fs5qL23sC"><i>Beyond multiculturalism: views from anthropology</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing Limited. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/978_0_7546_7173_2" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/978 0 7546 7173 2">978 0 7546 7173 2</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="CITEREFRoyAlsayyad2004">Roy, A.; Alsayyad, N. (<a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>). <i>Urban Informality: Transnational Perspectives from the Middle East, Latin America and South Asia</i>. Lexington Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0739107410" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0739107410">0739107410</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation Journal" id="CITEREFSen1973">Sen, A. (<a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>). <i>Poverty and Famines</i>. Oxford University Press, USA<span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_externi">Nexus externi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcutta&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Recensere partem: Nexus externi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcutta&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Nexus externi"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table border="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pagina_prima" class="extiw" title="commons:Pagina prima">Vicimedia Communia</a></b> plura habent quae ad <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kolkata" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kolkata">Calcuttam</a></b> spectant. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kmcgov.in/KMCPortal/HomeAction.do?">Situs administrationis</a> (<i>Calcutta Municipal Corporation</i>) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3389956">.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a,.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a:visited{color:gray}.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a.new{color:#ba0000}.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style><span class="existinglinksgray" style="font-size:0.95em; color:gray;"><b>(<a href="/wiki/Anglice" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglice">Anglice</a>)</b></span> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kmcgov.in/KMCPortal/jsp/KMCPortalHome1_bn.jsp">Situs administrationis</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3389956"><span class="existinglinksgray" style="font-size:0.95em; color:gray;"><b>(<a href="/wiki/Bengalice" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengalice">Bengalice</a>)</b></span></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kolkata-online.com/">Situs commercialis</a> kolkata-online.com <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3389956"><span class="existinglinksgray" style="font-size:0.95em; color:gray;"><b>(<a href="/wiki/Anglice" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglice">Anglice</a>)</b></span></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://facingkolkata.wordpress.com/">Facing Kolkata: Portrait einer Stadt</a></i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3389956"><span class="existinglinksgray" style="font-size:0.95em; color:gray;"><b>(<a href="/wiki/Theodisce" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodisce">Theodisce</a>)</b></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3854889">.mw-parser-output div.capsanav{margin:1.5em auto;border:1px solid #d2d4d8;font-size:95%;clear:both;border-radius:1em;background-color:rgba(0,32,255,.03);padding:.25em .8em;box-shadow:8px 8px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.2);text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.capsanav div.capsanav-titulus{font-weight:bold;font-size:100%;background-color:rgba(13,0,186,.073);padding:.1em .75em;margin:0 -.55em;border-radius:1em}.mw-parser-output div.capsanav div.capsanav-contenta{padding:.5em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output div.capsanav table.capsanav-vas{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-vas td.capsanav-imago{text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;padding-left:7px;width:auto}.mw-parser-output div.capsanav table.capsanav-tabella,.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-vas td.capsanav-prima{width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-tabella th{width:auto;white-space:nowrap;padding:.1em .45em .1em .25em;background-color:rgba(0,32,255,.073)}.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-tabella td{width:100%;padding:.1em .25em .1em .45em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-tabella tr:first-of-type>th{border-radius:1em 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-tabella tr:last-of-type>th{border-radius:0 0 1em 1em}</style><div class="NaFrame mw-collapsible capsanav mw-collapsed"> <div class="NaHead capsanav-titulus">Indiae urbes milies milium incolarum</div> <div class="NaContent mw-collapsible-content capsanav-contenta"> <p><a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Amedebatum" title="Amedebatum">Amedebatum</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amritsar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amritsar (non est haec pagina)">Amritsar</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurangabad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurangabad (non est haec pagina)">Aurangabad</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bengalurus" title="Bengalurus">Bengalurus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bhopala" title="Bhopala">Bhopala</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Calcutta</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coimbatore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coimbatore (non est haec pagina)">Coimbatore</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dellium" title="Dellium">Dellium</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhanbad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhanbad (non est haec pagina)">Dhanbad</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faridabad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faridabad (non est haec pagina)">Faridabad</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghaziabad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghaziabad (non est haec pagina)">Ghaziabad</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gualeorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gualeorum (non est haec pagina)">Gualeorum</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haora (non est haec pagina)">Haora</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hyderabadum" title="Hyderabadum">Hyderabadum</a> • <a href="/wiki/Iaipura" title="Iaipura">Iaipura</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indore (non est haec pagina)">Indore</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jabalpur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jabalpur (non est haec pagina)">Jabalpur</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodhpur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jodhpur (non est haec pagina)">Jodhpur</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalyan-Dombivli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalyan-Dombivli (non est haec pagina)">Kalyan-Dombivli</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanpur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanpur (non est haec pagina)">Kanpur</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kota (non est haec pagina)">Kota</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lakhnau" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakhnau">Lakhnau</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludhiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludhiana (non est haec pagina)">Ludhiana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maderaspatanum" title="Maderaspatanum">Maderaspatanum</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madura (non est haec pagina)">Madura</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merath (non est haec pagina)">Merath</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagpur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagpur (non est haec pagina)">Nagpur</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nashik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nashik (non est haec pagina)">Nashik</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Navi_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navi Mumbai (non est haec pagina)">Navi Mumbai</a> • <a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pimpri-Chinchwad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pimpri-Chinchwad (non est haec pagina)">Pimpri-Chinchwad</a> • <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajkot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajkot (non est haec pagina)">Rajkot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a> • <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Surata" title="Surata">Surata</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thane (non est haec pagina)">Thane</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vadodara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vadodara (non est haec pagina)">Vadodara</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Visakhapatnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visakhapatnam (non est haec pagina)">Visakhapatnam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasai-Virar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasai-Virar (non est haec pagina)">Vasai-Virar</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vijayawada (non est haec pagina)">Vijayawada</a> </p> <div><small><i><a href="/wiki/Opus:Geopoliticum" class="mw-redirect" title="Opus:Geopoliticum">Opus geopoliticum</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maximae_urbes_orbis_terrarum" title="Maximae urbes orbis terrarum">Maximae urbes orbis terrarum</a></i></small></div><div><small><i>Capsae cognatae:</i> <a href="/wiki/Formula:Urbes_Asiae_capitales" title="Formula:Urbes Asiae capitales">Urbes Asiae capitales</a> • <a href="/wiki/Formula:Urbes_Asiae_maximae" title="Formula:Urbes Asiae maximae">Urbes Asiae maximae (urbibus Indicis et Sinicis exceptis)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Formula:Urbes_Sericae_maximae" title="Formula:Urbes Sericae maximae">Urbes Sericae maximae</a></small></div> </div> </div> <p><br /> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Receptum de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Calcutta&oldid=3833356">https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Calcutta&oldid=3833356</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Categoriae" title="Specialis:Categoriae">Categoriae</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:L_%2B1" title="Categoria:L +1">L +1</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Latinitas_%2B1_(bona)" title="Categoria:Latinitas +1 (bona)">Latinitas +1 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