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rgba(0,158,160,1);outline:0;}/*!sc*/ .hkDkPc .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .top-bar .icon-bar{background:#ffffff;border-radius:5px;display:block;height:0.125rem;margin:0.3125rem auto;position:relative;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.2s ease;-webkit-transition:transform 0.2s ease;transition:transform 0.2s ease;width:100%;}/*!sc*/ .hkDkPc .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .top-bar .icon-bar.first.active{-webkit-transform:translateX(3px) rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:translateX(3px) rotate(45deg);transform:translateX(3px) rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform-origin:4px center;-ms-transform-origin:4px center;transform-origin:4px center;}/*!sc*/ .hkDkPc .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .top-bar .icon-bar.last.active{-webkit-transform:translateX(3px) rotate(-45deg);-ms-transform:translateX(3px) rotate(-45deg);transform:translateX(3px) rotate(-45deg);-webkit-transform-origin:4px center;-ms-transform-origin:4px center;transform-origin:4px center;}/*!sc*/ .hkDkPc .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .top-bar .icon-bar.middle.active{opacity:0;}/*!sc*/ .hkDkPc .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .NavComponentstyled__NavComponentStyled-sc-l2og7h-0{margin:0;background-color:#e6ebed;}/*!sc*/ .hkDkPc .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .NavComponentstyled__NavComponentStyled-sc-l2og7h-0 .nav-parent-li{border-top:3px solid #dce3e6;}/*!sc*/ .hkDkPc .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .NavComponentstyled__NavComponentStyled-sc-l2og7h-0 .nav-parent-a{position:relative;-webkit-box-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:flex-start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start;padding-left:1rem;color:#000000;}/*!sc*/ .hkDkPc .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .NavComponentstyled__NavComponentStyled-sc-l2og7h-0 .nav-child-a{-webkit-box-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:flex-start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start;padding-left:2rem;}/*!sc*/ .hkDkPc .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .NavStaticLinksstyled__NavStaticLinksStyled-sc-1dfd9z5-0{margin:0;padding:1rem;background-color:#d7dfe2;}/*!sc*/ .hkDkPc .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .NavStaticLinksstyled__NavStaticLinksStyled-sc-1dfd9z5-0 .nav-static-parent-li{display:block;}/*!sc*/ .hkDkPc .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .NavStaticLinksstyled__NavStaticLinksStyled-sc-1dfd9z5-0 .nav-static-parent-a{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:flex-start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start;height:2.5rem;color:black;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}/*!sc*/ .hkDkPc .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .SearchComponentstyled__SearchComponentStyled-sc-1nql9ju-0{width:90%;}/*!sc*/ .hkDkPc .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .SearchComponentstyled__SearchComponentStyled-sc-1nql9ju-0 input{font-size:1.0rem;}/*!sc*/ .hkDkPc .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .SearchComponentstyled__SearchComponentStyled-sc-1nql9ju-0 button{font-size:1.0rem;}/*!sc*/ @media screen and (min-width:768px){.hkDkPc .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .top-bar #nav-toggle{right:1.5rem;}}/*!sc*/ data-styled.g49[id="NavMobilestyled__NavMobileStyled-sc-1wz55ya-0"]{content:"hkDkPc,"}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg{display:block;background-color:#e6ebed;}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg .nav-parent-ul{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg .nav-parent-a{position:relative;height:3rem;width:100%;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:white;}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg .nav-parent-a .Iconstyled__IconStyled-sc-1y8i1f9-0{-webkit-transition:all 150ms;transition:all 150ms;font-size:0.625rem;margin-left:0.5rem;}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg .nav-parent-a.expanded .Iconstyled__IconStyled-sc-1y8i1f9-0{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg);}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg .nav-child-ul{display:none;padding:1rem 0;background-color:#e6ebed;}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg .nav-child-ul.active{display:block;}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg .nav-child-a{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:2.5rem;padding-left:1rem;color:#0a2d50;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:flex-start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg .nav-child-a:hover{color:#3b5773;}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg > .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0{display:block;padding:0;}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg > .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 > h1{padding:1.5rem 1rem;margin:0;}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg > .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 #sub-nav-toggle{position:relative;height:3rem;width:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:0 1rem;border:none;background-color:transparent;}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg > .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 #sub-nav-toggle:after{width:2rem;height:2rem;position:absolute;right:1rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;border-radius:50%;background-color:#0a2d50;color:#ffffff;font-family:'kcl-icons' !important;font-size:1.11111111111111rem;-webkit-transition:all 0.2s ease;transition:all 0.2s ease;content:'\e900';}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg > .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 #sub-nav-toggle.expanded:after{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg);}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg > .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .sub-nav-container{display:none;width:100%;}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg > .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .sub-nav-container.expanded{display:block;}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg > .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .sub-nav-text{color:#5a6369;font-size:1.0rem;font-family:KingsBureauGrotFiveOne,sans-serif;}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg > .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .nav-parent-li{padding:0 1rem;border-top:3px solid #dce3e6;}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg > .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .nav-parent-a{-webkit-box-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:flex-start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start;color:#5a6369;}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg > .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .nav-parent-a:after{width:2rem;height:2rem;position:absolute;right:0;top:0.5rem;padding:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;color:#0a2d50;font-family:'kcl-icons' !important;font-size:1.11111111111111rem;-webkit-transition:all 0.2s ease;transition:all 0.2s ease;}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg > .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .nav-parent-a.collapsed:after{content:'\e900';}/*!sc*/ .gZbpxg > .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .nav-parent-a.expanded:after{content:'\e900';-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg);}/*!sc*/ @media screen and (min-width:768px){.gZbpxg > .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 > h1{padding:1.5rem;}.gZbpxg > .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 #sub-nav-toggle{padding:0 1.5rem;}.gZbpxg > .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 #sub-nav-toggle:after{right:1.5rem;}.gZbpxg > .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 .nav-parent-li{padding:0 1.5rem;}}/*!sc*/ data-styled.g52[id="SubNavMobilestyled__SubNavMobileStyled-sc-1xll37g-0"]{content:"gZbpxg,"}/*!sc*/ .korgaJ{padding:4rem 0 0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;background-color:#4c555a;}/*!sc*/ .korgaJ address{font-size:1.0rem;font-style:normal;line-height:1.8;white-space:pre;}/*!sc*/ .korgaJ .footer-column{margin-bottom:2.5rem;}/*!sc*/ .korgaJ .footer-mobile-number{margin-bottom:0.75rem;}/*!sc*/ .korgaJ .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 > div{width:100%;padding-left:0.5rem;padding-right:0.5rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;color:#ffffff;}/*!sc*/ .korgaJ .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 > div .column-title{width:100%;padding-bottom:1rem;margin-bottom:1rem;border-bottom:3px solid #8b9296;font-family:KingsBureauGrotFiveOne,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:#ffffff;}/*!sc*/ .korgaJ .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 > div a,.korgaJ .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 > div span{padding:0.5rem 0;display:inline-block;color:white;font-size:1.125rem;}/*!sc*/ .korgaJ .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 > div a{padding:1rem 0;font-size:1.0rem;cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}/*!sc*/ .korgaJ .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 > div a:hover{color:#cdd7dc;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}/*!sc*/ @media screen and (min-width:768px){.korgaJ .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 > div{width:16.66667%;min-width:192px;padding-left:0.75rem;padding-right:0.75rem;}.korgaJ .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 > div a{padding:0.5rem 0;}}/*!sc*/ .korgaJ .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 > .Logostyled__LogoStyled-sc-ihdj0q-0{margin-top:4rem;margin-bottom:2rem;}/*!sc*/ .korgaJ .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 > .Logostyled__LogoStyled-sc-ihdj0q-0 img{max-width:480px;margin:auto;}/*!sc*/ @media screen and (min-width:768px){.korgaJ .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 > .Logostyled__LogoStyled-sc-ihdj0q-0{margin:0;}}/*!sc*/ data-styled.g54[id="FooterMainstyled__FooterMainStyled-sc-9qa4f1-0"]{content:"korgaJ,"}/*!sc*/ .jvWAxc{padding:0.75rem;background-color:#4c555a;}/*!sc*/ .jvWAxc .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 a{width:100%;padding:1rem 0;margin-right:1.5rem;color:#ffffff;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}/*!sc*/ .jvWAxc .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 a:hover{color:#dce3e6;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}/*!sc*/ @media screen and (min-width:1024px){.jvWAxc .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0{padding:0 1.5rem;}}/*!sc*/ @media screen and (min-width:768px){.jvWAxc .Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 a{width:auto;}}/*!sc*/ data-styled.g55[id="FooterBottomstyled__FooterBottomStyled-sc-107msnq-0"]{content:"jvWAxc,"}/*!sc*/ .hMgEfX{background-color:#0a2d50;color:#ffffff;}/*!sc*/ .hMgEfX .Headingstyled__DynamicHeading-sc-1544wc-0{color:inherit;margin-right:1.5rem;}/*!sc*/ .hMgEfX .wrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:136px;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}/*!sc*/ .hMgEfX .links{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}/*!sc*/ .hMgEfX .link{color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;height:2.5rem;width:2.5rem;border:0.125rem solid rgba(255,255,255,0.4);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;border-radius:50%;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;font-size:1.125rem;margin-right:1rem;}/*!sc*/ .hMgEfX .link:hover{color:#0a2d50;background-color:#ffffff;border:0.125rem solid #ffffff;}/*!sc*/ @media screen and (min-width:768px){.hMgEfX .wrapper{height:6rem;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:left;-webkit-justify-content:left;-ms-flex-pack:left;justify-content:left;}.hMgEfX .Headingstyled__DynamicHeading-sc-1544wc-0{margin-bottom:0;}.hMgEfX .link{font-size:1.25rem;height:3rem;width:3rem;}}/*!sc*/ data-styled.g56[id="FooterSocialMedia__FooterSocialMediaStyled-sc-1o8y4mm-0"]{content:"hMgEfX,"}/*!sc*/ .hUwSkB{position:relative;width:100%;margin:0 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Press escape key to return to main menu</span></a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="NavStaticLinksstyled__NavStaticLinksStyled-sc-1dfd9z5-0 bXcTNJ nav-static-parent-ul undefined"><li class="nav-static-parent-li"><a class="nav-static-parent-a" href="/students">Students</a></li><li class="nav-static-parent-li"><a class="nav-static-parent-a" href="https://internal.kcl.ac.uk">Staff</a></li><li class="nav-static-parent-li"><a class="nav-static-parent-a" href="/alumni">Alumni</a></li></ul><div class="search-container"><div class="SearchComponentstyled__SearchComponentStyled-sc-1nql9ju-0 eWXLqO header-search"><input type="search" class="search-input" name="search form" value="" placeholder="Search King's"/><button class="search-button" name="search button"></button></div></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="SubNavMobilestyled__SubNavMobileStyled-sc-1xll37g-0 gZbpxg"><div class="Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 hCMAWC"><h1 class="Headingstyled__DynamicHeading-sc-1544wc-0 gchsDS"><a class="section-heading" href="/">King's College London</a></h1></div></div></div></header><main id="main-content"><div class="HubPagestyled__HubPageStyled-sc-j8rs5o-0"><div class="HeroBannerstyled__HeroBannerStyled-sc-zw999m-0 eNGDfj" data-test-id="hero-banner"><section class="img " role="presentation"><div class="text-wrap"><div class="text"><h1 class="Headingstyled__DynamicHeading-sc-1544wc-0 kCnlhY">Explore</h1></div></div></section></div><div class="FullWidthComposerstyled__FullWidthComposerStyled-sc-1kqswyw-0 etQGXL"><div class="Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 hCMAWC"><div class="Columnstyled__ColumnStyled-sc-f3ck65-0 gBgfFz"><div class="SplitTextMediastyled__SplitTextMediaStyled-sc-51seeb-0 fYaAer"><section><h2 class="Headingstyled__DynamicHeading-sc-1544wc-0 kCnlhY">Explore our research</h2><div class="col-container"><div class="col-left"><p class="Paragraphstyled__ParagraphStyled-sc-176xsi4-0 cgUnvG">Our nine Faculties are at the cutting edge of world-leading research. 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Our major cross-Faculty academic and clinical research partnerships are a vital part of our research approach. </p></div><div class="col-right"><img src="/newimages/study/marcomms/students/kings-student-maughan-library-2-thumbnail-promo-image-780-x-440-aug-2022.x99c7639e.png?f=webp" alt="kings student maughan library 2 thumbnail promo image 780 x 440 aug 2022" class="Imagestyled__ImageStyled-sc-oe75a9-0 jEWHgQ"/></div></div></section></div></div></div><div class="FullWidthWithColourstyled__FullWidthWithColourStyled-sc-1bbmd2q-0 hUwSkB"><div class="Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 hCMAWC"><div class="PromoSectionstyled__PromoSectionStyled-sc-xtse9m-0 hHmeZ"><div class="Columnstyled__ColumnStyled-sc-f3ck65-0 jPTKoj"><article class="Cardstyled__CardStyled-sc-u55ca0-0 VmGya"><a class="card__image-link" title="Sustainable research and innovation excellence" href="/research/explore/research-strategy"><img src="/newimages/research/staircase-strand-campus-students.xc1e57eda.png?f=webp" alt="" class="Imagestyled__ImageStyled-sc-oe75a9-0 jEWHgQ card__image" aria-hidden="true"/></a><div class="card__body"><h3 class="card__heading"><a class="" title="Sustainable research and innovation excellence" href="/research/explore/research-strategy">Sustainable research and innovation excellence</a></h3><p class="card__text">Learn about King's research strategy and ambitions</p></div></article></div><div class="Columnstyled__ColumnStyled-sc-f3ck65-0 jPTKoj"><article class="Cardstyled__CardStyled-sc-u55ca0-0 VmGya"><a class="card__image-link" title="King’s Research Portal" href="/research/explore/kings-research-portal"><img src="/newimages/ioppn/blogs/open-research.x92796cdb.jpg?w=780&h=468&crop=780,440,0,14&f=webp" alt="" class="Imagestyled__ImageStyled-sc-oe75a9-0 jEWHgQ card__image" aria-hidden="true"/></a><div class="card__body"><h3 class="card__heading"><a class="" title="King’s Research Portal" href="/research/explore/kings-research-portal">King’s Research Portal</a></h3><p class="card__text">Demonstrating the breadth and diversity of King’s research</p></div></article></div><div class="Columnstyled__ColumnStyled-sc-f3ck65-0 jPTKoj"><article class="Cardstyled__CardStyled-sc-u55ca0-0 VmGya"><a class="card__image-link" title="King’s Innovation & Enterprise" href="/research/kings-innovation-enterprise"><img src="/newimages/culture/arts-health-wellbeing/research-and-innovation.xf4c4afff.jpg?w=780&h=521&crop=780,440,0,41&f=webp" alt="" class="Imagestyled__ImageStyled-sc-oe75a9-0 jEWHgQ card__image" aria-hidden="true"/></a><div class="card__body"><h3 class="card__heading"><a class="" title="King’s Innovation & Enterprise" href="/research/kings-innovation-enterprise">King’s Innovation & Enterprise</a></h3><p class="card__text">Collaborating for economic and social impact</p></div></article></div><div class="Columnstyled__ColumnStyled-sc-f3ck65-0 jPTKoj"><article class="Cardstyled__CardStyled-sc-u55ca0-0 VmGya"><a class="card__image-link" title="Research impact" href="/research/impact"><img src="/ImportedImages/research/legacy/Research/MaughanLibrary2.xc101486f.jpg?w=780&h=562&crop=780,450,0,56&f=webp" alt="" class="Imagestyled__ImageStyled-sc-oe75a9-0 jEWHgQ card__image" aria-hidden="true"/></a><div class="card__body"><h3 class="card__heading"><a class="" title="Research impact" href="/research/impact">Research impact</a></h3><p class="card__text">Our research tackles global issues, adding value to society and the economy</p></div></article></div><div class="Columnstyled__ColumnStyled-sc-f3ck65-0 jPTKoj"><article class="Cardstyled__CardStyled-sc-u55ca0-0 VmGya"><a class="card__image-link" href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/science" target="_self" title="Delivering breakthrough science" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="/newimages/folsm/feature/slcps/nutritional-sciences/laboratory-photo.x0ac228ab.JPG?w=780&h=521&crop=780,440,0,41&f=webp" alt="" class="Imagestyled__ImageStyled-sc-oe75a9-0 jEWHgQ card__image" aria-hidden="true"/></a><div class="card__body"><h3 class="card__heading"><a class="" href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/science" target="_self" title="Delivering breakthrough science" rel="noopener noreferrer">Delivering breakthrough science</a></h3><p class="card__text">Advancing connections across the sciences to inspire solutions</p></div></article></div></div> </div></div><div class="FullWidthWithColourstyled__FullWidthWithColourStyled-sc-1bbmd2q-0 brsdmH"><div class="Containerstyled__ContainerStyled-sc-1vp98b6-0 hCMAWC"><div class="PromoSectionstyled__PromoSectionStyled-sc-xtse9m-0 hHmeZ"><div class="Columnstyled__ColumnStyled-sc-f3ck65-0 jkUhFM"><h2 class="Headingstyled__DynamicHeading-sc-1544wc-0 gchsDS section-heading">Research in our faculties</h2></div><div class="Columnstyled__ColumnStyled-sc-f3ck65-0 jPTKoj"><article class="Cardstyled__CardStyled-sc-u55ca0-0 jCqJbE"><a class="card__image-link" href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/artshums/research/impact" target="_self" title="Arts & Humanities" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="/newimages/ah/faculty-pages/ah-banner-4.x12ae9a60.jpg?w=780&h=520&crop=780,440,0,40&f=webp" alt="" class="Imagestyled__ImageStyled-sc-oe75a9-0 jEWHgQ card__image" aria-hidden="true"/></a><div class="card__body"><h3 class="card__heading"><a class="" href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/artshums/research/impact" target="_self" title="Arts & Humanities" rel="noopener noreferrer">Arts & Humanities</a></h3><p class="card__text">How the arts and humanities can answer society’s big questions</p></div></article></div><div class="Columnstyled__ColumnStyled-sc-f3ck65-0 jPTKoj"><article class="Cardstyled__CardStyled-sc-u55ca0-0 jCqJbE"><a class="card__image-link" href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/business/research" target="_self" title="King’s Business School" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="/ImportedImages/Schools/Business/misc-business-pics/Tutor-with-students-1.x7d3893cd.jpg?w=782&h=440&crop=780,440,1,0&f=webp" alt="" class="Imagestyled__ImageStyled-sc-oe75a9-0 jEWHgQ card__image" aria-hidden="true"/></a><div class="card__body"><h3 class="card__heading"><a class="" href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/business/research" target="_self" title="King’s Business School" rel="noopener noreferrer">King’s Business School</a></h3><p class="card__text">Our work spans the disciplines of management, business, economics & finance</p></div></article></div><div class="Columnstyled__ColumnStyled-sc-f3ck65-0 jPTKoj"><article class="Cardstyled__CardStyled-sc-u55ca0-0 jCqJbE"><a class="card__image-link" href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/dentistry/research/impact" target="_self" title="Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="/newimages/dentistry/research/Light-bulbs-banner.x3d61accb.jpg?w=1501&h=440&crop=780,440,361,0&f=webp" alt="" class="Imagestyled__ImageStyled-sc-oe75a9-0 jEWHgQ card__image" aria-hidden="true"/></a><div class="card__body"><h3 class="card__heading"><a class="" href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/dentistry/research/impact" target="_self" title="Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences" rel="noopener noreferrer">Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences</a></h3><p class="card__text">Scientific and clinical research, advancing treatments and therapies</p></div></article></div><div class="Columnstyled__ColumnStyled-sc-f3ck65-0 jPTKoj"><article class="Cardstyled__CardStyled-sc-u55ca0-0 jCqJbE"><a class="card__image-link" href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/lsm/research" target="_self" title="Life Sciences & Medicine" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="/newimages/study/subjects/folsm-cardiovascular.xc08f79d8.jpg?w=828&h=440&crop=780,440,24,0&f=webp" alt="" class="Imagestyled__ImageStyled-sc-oe75a9-0 jEWHgQ card__image" aria-hidden="true"/></a><div class="card__body"><h3 class="card__heading"><a class="" href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/lsm/research" target="_self" title="Life Sciences & Medicine" rel="noopener noreferrer">Life Sciences & Medicine</a></h3><p class="card__text">Translation and adoption of research innovation into clinical practice</p></div></article></div><div class="Columnstyled__ColumnStyled-sc-f3ck65-0 jPTKoj"><article class="Cardstyled__CardStyled-sc-u55ca0-0 jCqJbE"><a class="card__image-link" href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/nmpc/research" target="_self" title="Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="/newimages/nmpc/main-article/denmark-hill-kings-college-hospital-780x450.x1bf182b5.jpg?crop=780,440,0,5&f=webp" alt="" class="Imagestyled__ImageStyled-sc-oe75a9-0 jEWHgQ card__image" aria-hidden="true"/></a><div class="card__body"><h3 class="card__heading"><a class="" href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/nmpc/research" target="_self" title="Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care" rel="noopener noreferrer">Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care</a></h3><p class="card__text">Applied clinical and health research, improving patient outcomes and care</p></div></article></div><div class="Columnstyled__ColumnStyled-sc-f3ck65-0 jPTKoj"><article class="Cardstyled__CardStyled-sc-u55ca0-0 jCqJbE"><a class="card__image-link" href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/ioppn/research/impact" target="_self" title="Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="/image-library/aq-ioppn-neuro.xf175137f.jpg?w=1424&h=440&crop=780,440,322,0&f=webp" alt="" class="Imagestyled__ImageStyled-sc-oe75a9-0 jEWHgQ card__image" aria-hidden="true"/></a><div class="card__body"><h3 class="card__heading"><a class="" href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/ioppn/research/impact" target="_self" title="Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience" rel="noopener noreferrer">Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience</a></h3><p class="card__text">Translating scientific insights to interventions, to benefit patients</p></div></article></div><div class="Columnstyled__ColumnStyled-sc-f3ck65-0 jPTKoj"><article class="Cardstyled__CardStyled-sc-u55ca0-0 jCqJbE"><a class="card__image-link" href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/law/research-expertise" target="_self" title="The Dickson Poon School of Law" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="/newimages/law/hero-carousel-1903x558/research-and-expertise-hero.x28fec86d.png?w=1501&h=440&crop=780,440,358,0&f=webp" alt="" class="Imagestyled__ImageStyled-sc-oe75a9-0 jEWHgQ card__image" aria-hidden="true"/></a><div class="card__body"><h3 class="card__heading"><a class="" href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/law/research-expertise" target="_self" title="The Dickson Poon School of Law" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Dickson Poon School of Law</a></h3><p class="card__text">Helping to shape policy and practice nationally and internationally</p></div></article></div><div class="Columnstyled__ColumnStyled-sc-f3ck65-0 jPTKoj"><article class="Cardstyled__CardStyled-sc-u55ca0-0 jCqJbE"><a class="card__image-link" href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/sspp/research" target="_self" title="Social Science & Public Policy" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="/newimages/folsm/hero-banner/london-at-night-1903-558.xaaaf0da5.png?w=1501&h=440&crop=780,440,361,0&f=webp" alt="" class="Imagestyled__ImageStyled-sc-oe75a9-0 jEWHgQ card__image" aria-hidden="true"/></a><div class="card__body"><h3 class="card__heading"><a class="" href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/sspp/research" target="_self" title="Social Science & Public Policy" rel="noopener noreferrer">Social Science & Public Policy</a></h3><p class="card__text">Advancing scholarship on social, ethical and political issues of our time</p></div></article></div><div class="Columnstyled__ColumnStyled-sc-f3ck65-0 jPTKoj"><article class="Cardstyled__CardStyled-sc-u55ca0-0 jCqJbE"><a class="card__image-link" href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/nmes/research" target="_self" title="Natural, Mathematical & Engineering Sciences" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img 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And we shape policy and the cultural landscape.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy providing a supportive and collaborative environment for our community – from postgraduate research students to senior academics – our research is informed by and responds to the needs of society.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"keyline","value":{"whatDoesThisDo":"This will add a line between sections of content"}},{"type":"jumpLinksSection","value":{"sectionTitle":"Our ambitions ","text1":"Our ambitions "}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Cp\u003EFor the next stage of our development, we are:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli data-leveltext=\"\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"13\" data-list-defn-props=\"{"335552541":1,"335559684":-2,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"\u003Ebuilding breadth and depth of excellence in natural sciences, mathematics and engineering\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli data-leveltext=\"\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"13\" data-list-defn-props=\"{"335552541":1,"335559684":-2,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"\u003Eextending our strengths in health research to drive impact\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli data-leveltext=\"\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"13\" data-list-defn-props=\"{"335552541":1,"335559684":-2,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"\u003Eaccelerating growth in digital, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and data-driven research across the university\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli data-leveltext=\"\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"13\" data-list-defn-props=\"{"335552541":1,"335559684":-2,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"\u003Estrengthening support for research impact, including applied research and commercial partnerships\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli data-leveltext=\"\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"13\" data-list-defn-props=\"{"335552541":1,"335559684":-2,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"\u003Eenhancing our research culture and supporting a transparent, supportive and inclusive working environment\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli data-leveltext=\"\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"13\" data-list-defn-props=\"{"335552541":1,"335559684":-2,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"\u003Eoffering attractive jobs and development opportunities, supporting ethical, open research and research-enhanced education\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli data-leveltext=\"\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"13\" data-list-defn-props=\"{"335552541":1,"335559684":-2,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"\u003Escaling up research and collaborations in climate and sustainability, across all faculties.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003C\u002Ful\u003E"},{"type":"jumpLinksSection","value":{"sectionTitle":null,"text1":"Accelerating growth in interdisciplinary science"}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Ch4\u003EAccelerating growth in interdisciplinary science\u003C\u002Fh4\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWe are investing in research and education growth in natural sciences and engineering. This will be complimented by extra support for interdisciplinary connections across AI and digital technology, the physical sciences of life and net zero technologies.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"jumpLinksSection","value":{"sectionTitle":null,"text1":"Advancing digital technologies and artificial intelligence"}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Ch4\u003EAdvancing digital technologies and artificial intelligence\u003C\u002Fh4\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENew technologies will change how we generate and apply knowledge in every part of society and the economy. We are drawing together our AI research and education in our \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fai\"\u003EInstitute for Artificial Intelligence\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and our new \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fdfi\"\u003EDigital Futures Institute\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is exploring how we can live better with technologies.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWe will continue investing in new multidisciplinary research approaches, facilities and applications across all of our faculties. This will enable us to build closer links with users and policy makers, supporting the development of a much wider base of digital and AI innovation expertise.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"jumpLinksSection","value":{"sectionTitle":null,"text1":"Driving forward environmental sustainability "}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Ch4\u003EDriving forward environmental sustainability \u003C\u002Fh4\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWe are rapidly scaling scale our response to the climate emergency with new programmes and centres of excellence, including the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fnmes\u002Fresearch\u002Fnet-zero-centre\"\u003ENet Zero Centre\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fresearch\u002Fcentre-for-sustainable-business\"\u003ECentre for Sustainable Business\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOur research will explore solutions for climate change mitigation, adaptation and health impacts, with particular emphasis on multidisciplinary research focused on large scale social and economic transitions.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fclimate-sustainability\"\u003EDiscover our ambitions for climate and sustainability\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"jumpLinksSection","value":{"sectionTitle":null,"text1":"Enhancing health impacts through collaborations"}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Ch4\u003EEnhancing health impacts through collaborations\u003C\u002Fh4\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWe are further developing our innovation hubs in advanced therapies, healthcare engineering and AI, and mental health and neuroscience to draw together major investments from industry, government and charities.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBuilt on long-term collaboration with King’s Health Partners, this will speed the path from research to patient benefit. We will also implement multidisciplinary approaches to UK and global public health needs across our faculties, from basic sciences to humanities.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"jumpLinksSection","value":{"sectionTitle":null,"text1":"Innovation support, applied research and commercial partnerships"}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Ch4\u003EInnovation support, applied research and commercial partnerships\u003C\u002Fh4\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBuilding on our track record in converting our research into marketable products, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fresearch\u002Fkings-innovation\"\u003EInnovation@King's\u003C\u002Fa\u003E will deliver unified support and planning across commercial partnerships and translational and applied research.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"jumpLinksSection","value":{"sectionTitle":null,"text1":"Research environment and impact"}}],"regions":[],"bottomFullWidthComposer":[{"type":"promoSection","value":{"greyTheme":true,"whiteTheme":false,"blueTheme":false,"title":"Our research environment","promos":[{"entryThumbnail":null,"bodyContentComposer":[{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Ch2\u003EOur vision for research culture at King’s\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA culture where people thrive and are valued. A place where great research practice is our everyday norm. An environment where innovation flourishes, impactful discoveries unfold and everybody feels part of a richly diverse community. This is our goal.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETogether with stakeholders from across the sector, King’s is a driving force in shaping research culture. A culture that not only meets the highest academic standards but also embodies the principles of inclusivity, integrity, and collaboration. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"jumpLinksSection","value":{"sectionTitle":"Creating holistic change","text1":"Creating holistic change"}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Cp\u003EOur Research community includes everyone engaged in or facilitating research - from students to technicians and those employed in professional services.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOur work in research culture is supported by our Research Culture team, who collaborate on projects across King's research community, as well as the wider Higher Education sector. The Research Culture team work closely with the \u003Ca title=\"Research Ethics\" href=\"\u002Fresearch\u002Fresearch-environment\u002Frgei\u002Fresearch-ethics\" data-nodeid=\"ae980493-b921-4d4f-83b0-57f3233aeda8\" data-nodelanguage=\"en-GB\" data-entryid=\"47cbee18-cdf6-442b-adb9-a369d2374d95\"\u003EResearch Ethics\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca title=\"Research Governance\" href=\"\u002Fresearch\u002Fresearch-environment\u002Frgei\u002Fresearch-governance\" data-nodeid=\"b860c751-48c0-40ab-83a0-4199d35a22f0\" data-nodelanguage=\"en-GB\" data-entryid=\"6fb226a2-99d5-4023-84a9-d4fcbec48423\"\u003EResearch Governance\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca title=\"Research Integrity\" href=\"\u002Fresearch\u002Fresearch-environment\u002Frgei\u002Fresearch-integrity\" data-nodeid=\"0af6b8fb-19da-489b-8257-b4526f4f6e51\" data-nodelanguage=\"en-GB\" data-entryid=\"f2b4f58c-547d-447e-8d91-d186276e5cfd\"\u003EResearch Integrity\u003C\u002Fa\u003E teams, within King's overarching Research Management and Innovation Directorate.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs well as the work we do in our central team, we also make funds available to other faculties and directorates across King’s to help inform and enable local strategies. The faculty-level work is supported by our network of Vice-Deans for Research, Research Integrity Champions and Research Integrity Advisors.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"jumpLinksSection","value":{"sectionTitle":"A culture of learning","text1":"A culture of learning"}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Cp\u003EIn our \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fabout\u002Fstrategy\u002Fstaff-community\"\u003EStrategy 2026 delivery plans\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, we acknowledge the importance of cultivating an inclusive and welcoming community, providing room for professional development and amplifying voices that might otherwise go unheard.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThese factors are crucial in enabling everyone involved in research to perform at their best. As such, people (rather than targets or output volume) are central to our Research Culture vision, which is underpinned by our \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fabout\u002Fstrategy\u002Fstaff-community#section-3\"\u003EPrinciples in Action.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWe commit to learning from our past experiences and the experiences of others, and support a culture of learning both within King’s and across the sector.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"jumpLinksSection","value":{"sectionTitle":null,"text1":"Our areas of focus"}}],"regions":[],"bottomFullWidthComposer":[{"type":"promoSection","value":{"greyTheme":false,"whiteTheme":false,"blueTheme":true,"title":"Our areas of focus are structured within three inter-connected pillars:","promos":[{"entryTitle":"A thriving community","entryDescription":"Recognising potential, supporting development and empowering colleagues.","entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"cc0f8cc1-cf92-47b2-afbf-dd62e461bd00","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"contentPageGeneric","dataFormat":"entry","uri":"\u002Fresearch\u002Fresearch-culture\u002Fthriving-community"}},{"entryTitle":"Valuing diverse contributions","entryDescription":"Encouraging individuals to contribute their unique perspectives. 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In 2022, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.beauhurst.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2023\u002F09\u002FBeauhurst-Parkwalk-report-Equity-Investment-into-Spinouts-2023.pdf\"\u003EBeauhurst \u003C\u002Fa\u003Eranked King’s College London 2nd in London, and 4th amongst UK universities by total spinout equity raised. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOur track record reflects King’s world-class facilities, research creativity and support for academic entrepreneurship.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EExplore how our recent spinouts have scaled beyond academia into independent business ventures. Contact details for specific spinouts can be found on their respective websites, if you’d like to find out more.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"jumpLinksSection","value":{"sectionTitle":"Therapeutics ","text1":"Therapeutics "}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Ch3\u003EAdaptate Biotherapeutics\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAdaptate BioTherapueutics was a pharmaceutical company developing an innovative portfolio of antibody-based immunotherapies designed to modulate the activity of a patient’s own cytotoxic gamma delta T cells in situ. Their targeted approach offered the potential to safely and effectively address the challenges often encountered by current cancer immunotherapies. Adaptate was acquired by \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.takeda.com\u002F\"\u003ETakeda Pharmaceutical Company\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in 2022.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003EAviadoBio (formerly Neurogeneus)\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Faviadobio.com\u002F\"\u003EAviadoBio\u003C\u002Fa\u003E has developed a next-generation AAV gene therapy platform focused on controlling gene expression with a suite of unique delivery solutions that deliver gene therapies directly to the brain and spinal cord. We are also building additional platforms and capabilities as well as proprietary RNA silencing and subpial delivery technologies. Our neuroanatomy-led approach to viral vector distribution seeks to deliver our therapies to the right place to maximize their potential. These potentially life-changing gene therapies aim to help people living with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003ECytolytix\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.valirx.com\u002Fcytolytix-limited\"\u003ECytolytix\u003C\u002Fa\u003E was established to progress the triple negative breast cancer project, CLX001, through preclinical development to a stage of readiness for clinical trials. CLX001 is a peptide in a nanoparticle formulation that is designed for the precision destruction of cancer cells. Cytolix is a partially-owned \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.valirx.com\u002F\"\u003EValiRx\u003C\u002Fa\u003E subsidiary, which signed an IP license agreement with King's College London.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003EEpsilogen (formerly IGeM Therapeutics)\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fepsilogen.com\u002F\"\u003EEpsilogen\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is a global leader in the development of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to treat cancer. Evolved to treat parasitic infection, IgE has several key features that make it ideal for the treatment of solid tumours including greater potency, enhanced tumour access and a long tissue half-life. Epsilogen has constructed a novel and proprietary pipeline of anti-cancer IgE and IgE-derivative antibodies with enhanced functionality.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003EGammaDelta\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGamma Delta therapeutics worked to exploit the unique activities of gamma delta (γδ) T cells that are found in the body's tissues where cancers and inflammatory diseases take hold. Using these distinct immune cells, the company was able to develop “off-the-shelf” cell therapies that recognise and are activated by molecular patterns of dysregulation. GammaDelta was acquired by \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.takeda.com\u002F\"\u003ETakeda\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in 2021.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003EHeqet Therapeutics\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.heqettherapeutics.com\u002F\"\u003EHeqet Therapeutics\u003C\u002Fa\u003E develops first-in-class non-coding RNA-based compounds to address highly unmet medical needs in heart attacks and other cardiovascular diseases. Survival rates from heart failure prognosis are poor, with 60% of patients dying within 4 years from diagnosis. Heqet Therapeutics aims to advance the pharmacological treatment of heart failure, which has not drastically progressed in the last 30 years.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003ELeucid Bio\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.leucid.com\u002F\"\u003ELeucid Bio\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is a biotech company pioneering next-generation cell therapies for hard-to-treat cancers. CAR T-cell therapy is revolutionary technology where patients’ own immune cells, called T-cells, are reprogrammed to recognise and destroy cancer cells. Ninety percent of cancers are solid tumours and are becoming the leading cause of death in the West. Leucid Bio has developed an integrated approach to CAR T-cell treatment of solid tumours.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003EPheon Therapeutics (formerly Femtogenix)\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpheontx.com\u002Fscience-technology\u002F\"\u003EPheon Therapeutics\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is a leading Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) specialist developing next generation ADCs for a wide range of hard-to-treat cancers. ADCs consist of an antibody that is chemically linked to a cytotoxic payload to deliver potent cytotoxic agents directly to cancer cells. ADCs are rapidly gaining clinical and commercial momentum, with 13 ADCs already approved by the FDA and more than 100 ADCs in clinical trials.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003EPlanet Biotechnology\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.planetbiotechnology.com\u002Findex.html\"\u003EPlanet Biotechnology\u003C\u002Fa\u003E produced the first plant-made antibody, or ‘plantibody’, ever tested in a clinical trial. They are continuing to develop and commercialise new antibody-based therapeutic and preventative products through cultivation of genetically modified green plants to address unmet medical needs.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003EQuell Therapeutics\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fquell-tx.com\u002F\"\u003EQuell Therapeutics\u003C\u002Fa\u003E are developing therapies addressing a range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, as well as preventing rejection in organ transplantation. Quell is employing proprietary and innovative technologies to genetically enhance Tregs (T regulatory cells) that can be introduced into patients with the potential to control unwanted immune activity.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003EReNeuron\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.reneuron.com\u002F\"\u003EReNeuron\u003C\u002Fa\u003E concentrated on the research, development and commercial exploitation of therapeutics for neurological diseases and conditions. They developed a technology platform that produced exosomes with unique tissue targeting tropisms to deliver a payload of choice to a preferred cell type.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003ERevolo Biotherapeutics\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Frevolobio.com\u002F\"\u003ERevolo Biotherapeutics\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is developing autoimmune and allergic disease treatments by resetting the immune system for superior disease remission. Current therapies for autoimmune and allergic diseases often provide only short-term relief while suppressing the immune system, which puts patients at risk of serious infection and life-threatening side effects. Revolo uses novel macrophage and monocyte biology to target modify both the regulatory and effector arms of the immune system.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003ETranscriptogen\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETranscriptogen develops medical therapies for disease using molecules that inhibit transcription, the first step in copying DNA for creating proteins. It is currently creating treatments for cancer, in particular breast and pancreatic cancer tumours, and plans to expand into other areas.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"sectionBreak","value":{"whatDoesThisDo":"This will add a break between elements to fix alignment issues.No text will appear"}},{"type":"jumpLinksSection","value":{"sectionTitle":"Medical devices ","text1":"Medical devices "}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Ch3\u003ECentron Diagnostics\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECentron Diagnostics Ltd developed an accurate, automatic, non-invasive medical device to measure both peripheral blood pressure and central systolic blood pressure. The device uses a novel, patented method that allows both measurements to be performed in one simple operation and will allow this important measurement to be taken into routine clinical use. Centron Diagnostics was acquired by \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.suntechmed.com\u002F\"\u003ESunTech Medical\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in July 2014.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003EdeltaDOT\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.deltadot.com\u002F\"\u003EdeltaDOT\u003C\u002Fa\u003E design and produce patented methods and instrumentation in High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis (HPCE). HPCE is applied in Life Sciences research, drug testing, diagnostics and bio-pharmaceutical manufacturing. This technology is used in detection, separation and analysis of proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, viruses and bacteria, chemicals and a wide range of other analytes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003ELiDCO\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELiDCO supplied noninvasive and minimally invasive hemodynamic equipment to monitor the amount of blood flowing around the body and ensure that vital organs had enough oxygen. Clinical studies showed that optimising the hemodynamic status of high-risk patients produces better outcomes and reduced hospital stay. Lidco was acquired by \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.masimo.com\u002Fen-gb\u002F\"\u003EMasimo\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in 2021.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003EMedPharm\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.medpharm.com\u002F\"\u003EMedPharm\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is a global Contract Development and Manufacturing Organisation (CDMO) that provides topical and transdermal product design, development, and manufacturing services. Medpharm specialises in drug delivery products for skin, nails, eyes, ears, airways and mucosal membranes. Medpharm merged with Tergus Pharma in June 2024.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003EOxvent\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Foxvent.org\u002F\"\u003EOxVent\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is a high-performance, medical-grade, mechanical ventilator that is inexpensive, quick to manufacture, rapid to deploy and scalable. It is ideally suited for emergency situations (like the COVID-19 pandemic), and low-resource settings (for example in developing countries), and routine procedures requiring general anaesthesia.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003EReminova\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReminova developed new treatments for tooth decay using a small electrical charge to encourage re-mineralisation of the tooth, for use by dentists. Their painless remineralisation process involved no drilling, no filling and no need for anaesthetic injections.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003ESpOtOn Clinical Diagnostics\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fspotoncd.com\u002F\"\u003ESpOtOn Clinical Diagnostics\u003C\u002Fa\u003E develops technology based on mass spectrometry in clinical biochemistry. They have adopted mass spectrometry for newborn and ante-natal screening for haemoglobinopathies, as well as screening and monitoring inherited metabolic diseases. In addition, SpOtOn can track kidney function based on the in-depth knowledge gleaned from supporting the world-leading paediatric renal service at Evelina Children’s Hospital.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003EZeus Sleep\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fzeussleep.co.uk\u002F\"\u003EZeus Sleep\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is an anti-snore device developed in partnership with leading sleep doctors especially for throat snorers. Comfortable and unobtrusive, Zeus gently stimulates the tongue muscles to open airways, the root cause of snoring, to aid uninterrupted sleep. 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It evaluates the work of the university as a whole, rather than individual faculties, departments, or academics, and is designed to be low burden and light touch.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"sectionBreak","value":{"whatDoesThisDo":"This will add a break between elements to fix alignment issues.No text will appear"}},{"type":"jumpLinksSection","value":{"sectionTitle":"King’s KEF 4 results (2024)","text1":"King’s KEF 4 results (2024)"}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Cp\u003EKing’s has performed strongly in this year’s Knowledge Exchange Framework exercise, scoring in the highest quintile (top 20% of universities) in two of seven perspectives and being at or above the average for our cluster in six of seven perspectives.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis year King’s has maintained strong results in research partnerships, working with business, working with public and the third sector, and IP and commercialisation, and public and community engagement.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fkings-performs-strongly-for-the-fourth-year-running-in-the-knowledge-exchange-framework\"\u003ERead more in our news statement.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKing's also scored highly in a number of perspectives in KEF 1, 2 and 3. Read our news releases from \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fkings-ranks-among-the-top-universities-for-knowledge-exchange\"\u003E2021,\u003C\u002Fa\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fkings-ranks-among-top-universities-for-collaborations-which-benefit-economy-and-society\"\u003E2022\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fkings-ranks-among-top-universities-for-knowledge-exchange-for-third-year-running\"\u003E2023\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"image","value":{"altText":"KEF circular dashboard displaying results that King’s College London achieved in the 2024 Knowledge Exchange Framework.","transformations":null,"caption":"","asset":{"entryTitle":"KEF4Dashboard","entryDescription":null,"sys":{"id":"ca5da384-7981-4d9c-9917-d1e921b81ca5","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"image","dataFormat":"asset","uri":"\u002FImportedImages\u002Fresearch\u002Fkef4dashboard.x6aa41759.png"}}}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Cp\u003EKing’s KEF 4 results - the dashboards are freely available on the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fkef.ac.uk\u002Fdashboard\"\u003EKEF website\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"sectionBreak","value":{"whatDoesThisDo":"This will add a break between elements to fix alignment issues.No text will appear"}},{"type":"jumpLinksSection","value":{"sectionTitle":"Why is the KEF important?","text1":"Why is the KEF important?"}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe KEF is a unique exercise that tracks, evaluates, and evidences the Knowledge Exchange activities of English universities. 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Five of the perspectives are entirely based on this dataset.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETwo of the perspectives cannot be properly evaluated in financial and quantitative metrics, so are instead evaluated through narrative statements. These narratives are not evaluated externally, and instead function as self-evaluation exercises.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA further, shorter statement providing institutional context is also provided by each institution.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EParticipating universities are grouped in clusters of institutions of similar size, focus, and research strength. Each cluster is ascribed an average, and performance is judged against this average within each cluster, rather than against the sector as a whole.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EResults are divided into five quintiles, ranging from 1 (very low engagement) to 5 (very high engagement).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"sectionBreak","value":{"whatDoesThisDo":"This will add a break between elements to fix alignment issues.No text will appear"}},{"type":"jumpLinksSection","value":{"sectionTitle":"What are the KEF perspectives?","text1":"What are the KEF perspectives?"}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe results of the KEF are divided into seven perspectives. Individual scores are given for each, and there is no overall total provided. The perspectives are:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EWorking with business\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EWorking with charities and the third sector\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EIP and commercialisation\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EResearch partnerships\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ECPD and graduate startups\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EPublic and community engagement*\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ELocal growth and regeneration*\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E*Public and community engagement is judged entirely by a narrative statement, and the quantitative metrics used in the local growth and regeneration perspective are supplemented by a narrative statement that provides additional context, but no score.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"sectionBreak","value":{"whatDoesThisDo":"This will add a break between elements to fix alignment issues.No text will appear"}},{"type":"jumpLinksSection","value":{"sectionTitle":"How are universities assigned to clusters?","text1":"How are universities assigned to clusters?"}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Cp\u003EUniversities are divided according to their size, research focus, and particular strengths. 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navigated the delicate but essential line between providing timely yet rigorous evidence in times of crises. King’s expertise has informed the UK Government, Local Authorities and Executive Agencies in developing policy and contingency plans that prepare the country to handle major national incidents and emergencies, including flooding, terrorism, attempted assassinations and disease outbreaks. 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King’s expertise has informed the UK Government, Local Authorities and Executive Agencies in developing policy and contingency plans that prepare the country to handle major national incidents and emergencies, including flooding, terrorism, attempted assassinations and disease outbreaks. ","relatedLinks":[],"title":"Understanding behaviour during crises","sys":{"owner":"k20099267","metadata":{},"workflow":{"id":"contensisEntryApproval","state":"versionComplete"},"dataFormat":"entry","isPublished":true,"availableLanguages":["en-GB"],"contentTypeId":"spotlight","language":"en-GB","allUris":[],"uri":null,"version":{"publishedBy":"k20099267","archived":null,"deleted":null,"createdBy":"k20099267","created":"2022-12-22T15:00:52.4478182Z","versionNo":"1.0","modified":"2023-01-20T10:34:49.1311536Z","modifiedBy":"k20099267","published":"2023-01-23T11:06:20.8671815Z","archivedBy":null,"deletedBy":null},"versionStatus":"published","id":"dc07a656-94be-4795-a275-e9282766ee81","projectId":"website","slug":"understanding-behaviour-during-crises","properties":{}},"relatedCourses":[],"relatedResearch":[],"featuredImage":{"altText":"People 780 x 440","transformations":"w=850&h=440&crop=780,440,35,0","caption":"","asset":{"entryTitle":"People 780 x 440","entryDescription":null,"sys":{"id":"444c96b2-303d-4d3f-abb9-e995b9683838","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"image","dataFormat":"asset","uri":"\u002Fnewimages\u002Flaw\u002Fnews-images-780x440\u002Fpeople-780-x-440.x9a1d736e.jpg?w=850&h=440&crop=780,440,35,0"}}},"relatedPeople":[{"entryTitle":"Professor Neil Greenberg","entryDescription":"Professor of Defence Mental Health","entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"5e7f61d2-240b-4763-8f1e-3b846b53e11b","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"person","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"Simon Wessely","entryDescription":"Regius Professor of Psychiatry","entryThumbnail":{"altText":"","caption":"","transformations":"w=284&h=160&crop=160,160,62,0","asset":{"entryTitle":"Simon Wessely_pic_21","entryDescription":null,"sys":{"id":"182e41df-42bb-4c1e-a30d-95f6b401bc2c","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"image","dataFormat":"asset","uri":"\u002Fnewimages\u002Fioppn\u002Fprofile-images\u002Fsimon-wessely-pic-21.x9ee44195.jpg?w=284&h=160&crop=160,160,62,0"}}},"sys":{"id":"36701213-e662-4efb-8d31-07777f25bc63","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"person","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"James Rubin","entryDescription":"Professor of Psychology & Emerging Health Risks","entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"c05637af-7c83-4b2b-8308-1c09001b6da3","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"person","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}}],"authorByline":null,"relatedSpotlightArticle":null,"articleContent":[{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Cp\u003EOver the past decade, King’s researchers have navigated the delicate but essential line between providing timely yet rigorous evidence in times of crises. King’s expertise has informed the UK Government, Local Authorities and Executive Agencies in developing policy and contingency plans that prepare the country to handle major national incidents and emergencies, including flooding, terrorism, attempted assassinations and disease outbreaks.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen disasters occur, people’s behaviour plays a major role in determining the overall health and social impact of the event in question. The \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fepr.hpru.nihr.ac.uk\u002F\"\u003EHealth Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emergency Preparedness and Response at King’s College London\u003C\u002Fa\u003E was set up to increase our understanding of how people react in a crisis. The Unit is a partnership between King’s, UK Health Security Agency and the University of East Anglia and is supported by a £9 million National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) grant. Through its work, the Unit has informed national contingency planning, effective public communication and incorporation of mental health impacts into emergency response plans.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKing’s researchers continue to help the UK Government prepare for potential emergencies and major incidents. They have become ‘go to’ advisers when such events occur, and are called upon to support the national emergency response in real time.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"quote","value":{"text":"Our HPRU undertakes research to minimise the impact of emergencies. Understanding people’s behaviour is a key part of that. The Unit has studied everything from the factors that affect people’s willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, to how government leaks about upcoming lockdowns affect transmission rates, to the experiences of diplomats serving overseas during a crisis. The research has real-world impact: our aim is always to improve wellbeing in the current crisis and to learn how to mitigate the impact of the next one.","source":"Professor James Rubin, Professor of Psychology & Emerging Health Risks at King's IoPPN, Director of the NIHR HPRU in Emergency Preparedness and Response"}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDeveloping better survey tools to enable rapid response\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDuring the 2009-10 ‘swine flu’ pandemic, King’s researchers worked with the UK Department of Health (now the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC)) to analyse data from 39 nationally representative surveys assessing how the UK public were reacting. Through these analyses, the researchers identified that the design of DHSC surveys could be improved to more accurately capture public perceptions and behaviour. In 2012-13, King’s researchers were granted NIHR funding to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Feuropepmc.org\u002Farticle\u002Fnbk\u002Fnbk263566\"\u003Edevelop better survey tools\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, grounded in psychological theory, that could be rapidly deployed during a future pandemic. Using stakeholder workshops, qualitative interviews and two baseline national surveys, they designed, tested and refined a survey in collaboration with the DHSC and Public Health England (PHE) that provided a more accurate assessment of whether the public were understanding and following official advice.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPublic health communication: giving information not reassurance\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe way that information is communicated in an emergency can influence how people behave and, if done effectively, can reduce the risk of harm to the public. King’s findings revealed that reassurance during crises is counterproductive to reducing public concern. During the 2006 polonium-210 incident in London – following the poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko – King’s researchers conducted a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bmj.com\u002Fcontent\u002Fbmj\u002F335\u002F7630\u002F1143.full.pdf?casa_token=nWaKdBn-UqIAAAAA:fJ2gSQXE4xw3-QsGSBUVknpCzE7EtREo4Mn8AkzPKK3FJXVCMW8ve64pI0aTPuD08-FCMTK-Ixk\"\u003Erapid survey of a large representative sample of Londoners to identify how they were responding to the incident\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. They revealed that while only 12% thought their own health might be at risk, concern was higher among people directly caught up in the incident who felt authorities attempted to “reassure”, rather than inform, them.\u003Cstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003EThese findings on the importance of giving information rather than reassurance influenced future public health communication, including during the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fpeople\u002Fprofessor-sir-simon-wessely\"\u003EProfessor Sir Simon Wessely\u003C\u002Fa\u003E joined experts to discuss how people respond to crises and what COVID-19 can tell us about human behaviour:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"youTubeurL","value":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=D8KJlsVihI4"},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPublic resilience in the face of disaster\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the immediate aftermath of a disaster, King’s research found that most people are resilient to crises and that mental health resilience can be supported within the community. After the 7 July 2005 bombings, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC1215552\u002F\"\u003EKing’s researchers found that most people are resilient to a terrorist attack in their community\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, do not need psychiatric support and can turn to their informal support networks for help.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHowever, specific groups need more support: King’s, in collaboration with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) and PHE, showed that severe flooding can have long term impacts on mental health. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12889-016-4000-2\"\u003EFollowing the 2013-14 floods, 36% of those flooded reported symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) \u003C\u002Fa\u003E.The mental health impact extended to people whose lives were disrupted by flooding even if no water entered their homes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EResearch highlighting the importance of community support in developing mental health resilience amongst the public was utilised following the 2017 London Bridge terrorist attack. King’s findings informed and guided Southwark Council’s plans for managing the psychological consequences of the attack. Drawing on King’s research, Southwark Council’s Humanitarian Assistance Steering Group coordinated support for those affected, with a subgroup focused on the multi-agency response for psychosocial and psychological interventions including public facing communications.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKing’s research has highlighted that, not only are people resilient to disaster, but they are likely to demonstrate altruism in the face of disaster. In 2018, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fabs\u002Fpii\u002FS2212420919300317?via%3Dihub\"\u003Ethe Cabinet Office commissioned King’s to review evidence on how the public are likely to respond in a crisis\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to help inform official planning. King’s researchers demonstrated that altruism, rather than panic or mass criminality, can be expected and promoted.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EInforming the UK response to COVID-19\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, with no innate immunity, no vaccine and no treatment, prevention of the predicted worst-case scenarios required people to adhere to a challenging set of behaviours and endure substantial social, economic and psychological costs. King’s research contributed in real time to the UK’s public health response.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThroughout the pandemic, King’s researchers were members of the Government’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gov.uk\u002Fgovernment\u002Forganisations\u002Fscientific-advisory-group-for-emergencies\"\u003EScientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE)\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gov.uk\u002Fgovernment\u002Fgroups\u002Fnew-and-emerging-respiratory-virus-threats-advisory-group\"\u003ENew and Emerging Respiratory Virus Threats Advisory Group (NERVTAG)\u003C\u002Fa\u003E for COVID-19, which considered the scientific evidence supporting the Government’s pandemic response. Several members of the HPRU for Emergency Preparedness and Response at King’s participated in and co-chaired the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gov.uk\u002Fgovernment\u002Fgroups\u002Findependent-scientific-pandemic-influenza-group-on-behaviours-spi-b\"\u003EIndependent Scientific Pandemic Insights Group on Behaviours (SPI-B)\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, a COVID-19 SAGE subcommittee providing behavioural science advice to improve adherence to recommended interventions.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"quote","value":{"text":"The scientific advice provided by these groups has been pivotal in informing the evidence base supporting policy decisions on the UK’s pandemic response.","source":"Government Chief Scientific Advisor"}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Cp\u003EIn February 2020, the DHSC asked King’s to support the national COVID-19 response by activating the pandemic research response plan and providing advice and analysis using the DHSC’s weekly polling data. This became the \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fepr.hpru.nihr.ac.uk\u002Four-research\u002Fresearch-themes\u002Fresponse\u002Fcorsair-study\"\u003ECOVID-19 Rapid Survey of Adherence to Interventions and Responses (CORSAIR) study\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. King’s work was cited in at least 50 SAGE papers on adherence to self-isolation, hand hygiene, levels of distress and stigma in the community, the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fopening-windows-for-short-periods-of-time-could-help-prevent-covid-19-transmission\"\u003Eimportance of ventilation\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and barriers to NHS Covid App uptake, in turn informing urgent policy decisions.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs part of the CORSAIR study, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fsupport-needed-to-adhere-to-test-trace-and-isolate\"\u003EKing’s research identified that most people who reported symptoms of COVID-19 were not fully adherent to self-isolation guidance\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. This research was crucial in identifying the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC7474581\u002F\"\u003Efactors associated with non-adherence\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, including poor knowledge of guidance, lower socio-economic status, financial hardship and having to work. Consequently, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gov.uk\u002Fgovernment\u002Fpublications\u002Fspi-b-impact-of-financial-and-other-targeted-support-on-rates-of-self-isolation-or-quarantine-16-september-2020\"\u003ESPI-B was commissioned to produce a report on how to improve rates of adherence to self-isolation\u003C\u002Fa\u003E which drew on King’s findings.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"quote","value":{"text":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, people were asked to do many things they weren’t previously used to, like wearing a face covering and staying away from people in other households (physical distancing). We worked with the Department of Health and Social Care for over two years to investigate how the pandemic was impacting people’s lives. Our results informed policy and communications, and helped to support people to carry out behaviours that would slow the spread of infection.","source":"Dr Louise Smith, post-doctoral researcher in the NIHR HPRU Emergency Preparedness and Response at King's IoPPN"}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fpeople\u002Fjames-rubin\"\u003EProfessor James Rubin\u003C\u002Fa\u003E was a witness for the The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee in April 2020 as it explored the effectiveness and longevity of social distancing measures in the UK and the wider implications of these measures for the population:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"kalturaVideo","value":{"videoDescription":null,"videoTitle":null,"kalturaLink":"https:\u002F\u002Fmedia.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fmedia\u002FProfessor%20James%20Rubin%20Science%20and%20Technology%20Committee%202020\u002F1_jdgruhox"}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Cp\u003EKing’s systematic review of evidence from past infectious disease outbreaks identified that the negative impact of self-isolation can be reduced by good financial, practical and emotional support, as well as by helping people to understand the rules and reasons surrounding quarantine. This review informed online resources to support self-isolation as well as \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fcmo_england\u002Fstatus\u002F1228001037321228289\"\u003Epublic messages of thanks from the Chief Medical Officer\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKing’s rapid and responsive research continues to contribute in real time to the UK’s response to emergencies and major incidents, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Through working to understand how the public behave in a crisis, King’s researchers have been a leading authority in guiding public health policy, communication, emergency response and contingency plans.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"}],"categories":[{"entryTitle":"Health","entryDescription":null,"entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"505c6ef3-27ad-49ad-ab3b-31289188963a","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"categories","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}}],"entryTitle":"Understanding behaviour during crises"},{"summary":"Cigarettes kill over half of their long-term users. The World Health Organisation (WHO) considers the tobacco epidemic to be one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced, killing more than 8 million people per year worldwide. E-cigarettes and vaping products offer a substantially less harmful alternative, but there has been a heated debate about their use and there is variation in approaches to regulation.","entryThumbnail":null,"image":{"altText":"New report by King's researchers on vaping in England to inform national policy","transformations":"w=1920&h=1364&crop=1920,1080,0,142","caption":"","asset":{"entryTitle":"New report by King's researchers on vaping in England to inform national policy","entryDescription":null,"sys":{"id":"f14f3f11-b2d5-420c-a0c1-c204b73525c8","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"image","dataFormat":"asset","uri":"\u002Fnewimages\u002Fioppn\u002Fnews-spotlights\u002Fnew-report-by-kings-researchers-on-vaping-in-england-to-inform-national-policy.xde214bfd.jpg?w=1920&h=1364&crop=1920,1080,0,142"}}},"regions":[],"topics":[{"entryTitle":"Mental Health","entryDescription":null,"entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"c1dbd1f0-ee62-43e7-8411-64256b8cabd6","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"topics","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"Psychiatry","entryDescription":null,"entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"5b299928-2be2-47bc-b1af-4880c2a183b3","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"topics","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"Psychology","entryDescription":null,"entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"090e9b98-f462-4ccb-8da0-4fc5502ed1d0","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"topics","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}}],"orgUnit":[{"entryTitle":"Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience","entryDescription":"ioppn","entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"bb8b5ba7-60ec-4824-9fba-531af7941436","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"orgUnit","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}}],"publishDate":"2022-12-04T10:00:00","searchOptions":null,"entryDescription":"Cigarettes kill over half of their long-term users. The World Health Organisation (WHO) considers the tobacco epidemic to be one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced, killing more than 8 million people per year worldwide. E-cigarettes and vaping products offer a substantially less harmful alternative, but there has been a heated debate about their use and there is variation in approaches to regulation.","relatedLinks":[],"title":"Clearing the smoke: the evidence behind vaping","sys":{"owner":"k20099267","metadata":{},"workflow":{"id":"contensisEntryApproval","state":"versionComplete"},"dataFormat":"entry","isPublished":true,"availableLanguages":["en-GB"],"contentTypeId":"spotlight","language":"en-GB","allUris":[],"uri":null,"version":{"publishedBy":"k20099267","archived":null,"deleted":null,"createdBy":"k20099267","created":"2022-06-29T14:43:14.6402178Z","versionNo":"2.0","modified":"2022-11-29T11:54:15.0638701Z","modifiedBy":"k20099267","published":"2022-12-02T10:12:11.7729632Z","archivedBy":null,"deletedBy":null},"versionStatus":"published","id":"78ca7cb4-5167-4033-b29a-a68bd6d71269","projectId":"website","slug":"clearing-the-smoke-the-evidence-behind-vaping","properties":{}},"relatedCourses":[],"relatedResearch":[],"featuredImage":{"altText":"New report by King's researchers on vaping in England to inform national policy","transformations":"w=780&h=554&crop=780,440,0,57","caption":"","asset":{"entryTitle":"New report by King's researchers on 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Addiction","entryThumbnail":{"altText":"","caption":"","transformations":"w=160&h=240&crop=160,160,0,6","asset":{"entryTitle":"Ann_McNeill","entryDescription":null,"sys":{"id":"14ee52a5-5300-4697-9043-1509cd4649dc","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"image","dataFormat":"asset","uri":"\u002Fnewimages\u002Fioppn\u002Facademic-psychiatry\u002Faddictions\u002Fann-mcneill.x6c1a90b5.jpg?w=160&h=240&crop=160,160,0,6"}}},"sys":{"id":"1237bc65-bf69-4431-9b65-11ed21201b90","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"person","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"Leonie Brose","entryDescription":"Professor of Addictions Public Health","entryThumbnail":{"altText":"Headshot of Leonie Brose ","caption":"","transformations":"w=160&h=240&crop=160,160,0,8","asset":{"entryTitle":"Leonie Brose Headshot","entryDescription":null,"sys":{"id":"9389592b-46f5-48ce-a315-1475d285cf47","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"image","dataFormat":"asset","uri":"\u002Fnewimages\u002Fperson-profile\u002F2022b\u002Fleonie-brose-headshot.x926bb592.jpg?w=160&h=240&crop=160,160,0,8"}}},"sys":{"id":"e4307327-7d03-4d83-b140-33b66d347da2","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"person","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"Debbie Robson","entryDescription":"Senior Lecturer in Tobacco Harm Reduction","entryThumbnail":{"altText":"","caption":"","transformations":"w=160&h=240&crop=160,160,0,6","asset":{"entryTitle":"Debbie_Robson","entryDescription":null,"sys":{"id":"5d08ee21-5e90-4dc8-b2f3-b7573a2d1d35","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"image","dataFormat":"asset","uri":"\u002Fnewimages\u002Fioppn\u002Facademic-psychiatry\u002Faddictions\u002Fdebbie-robson.xf3658977.jpg?w=160&h=240&crop=160,160,0,6"}}},"sys":{"id":"fa59efa4-570b-496f-993c-08bed7638a68","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"person","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"Erikas Simonavičius","entryDescription":"Research Associate","entryThumbnail":{"altText":"","caption":"","transformations":"w=160&h=240&crop=160,160,0,5","asset":{"entryTitle":"Erikas S_photo","entryDescription":null,"sys":{"id":"c3f47858-5b09-48ea-ba58-ee52b1f6d4fc","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"image","dataFormat":"asset","uri":"\u002Fnewimages\u002Fioppn\u002Facademic-psychiatry\u002Faddictions\u002Ferikas-simonavicius.x8d0b602d.png?w=160&h=240&crop=160,160,0,5"}}},"sys":{"id":"eaa094c7-77b9-43c1-9e27-5745291c7549","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"person","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"Eve Taylor","entryDescription":"Research Assistant","entryThumbnail":{"altText":"","caption":"","transformations":"w=301&h=200&crop=160,160,89,11","asset":{"entryTitle":"Eve_Taylor_smallersize","entryDescription":null,"sys":{"id":"b0a8607b-1293-45a1-a046-b193bede186d","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"image","dataFormat":"asset","uri":"\u002Fnewimages\u002Fperson-profile\u002F2021\u002Feve-taylor-smallersize.xcac6f7f4.jpg?w=301&h=200&crop=160,160,89,11"}}},"sys":{"id":"b636d7da-d177-4910-82c6-a4a8e5092ac4","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"person","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"Katie East","entryDescription":"Research Fellow","entryThumbnail":{"altText":"","caption":"","transformations":"w=197&h=217&crop=160,160,19,28","asset":{"entryTitle":"katie-east","entryDescription":null,"sys":{"id":"874da916-17fc-416b-bb1b-f82085958e6e","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"image","dataFormat":"asset","uri":"\u002Fnewimages\u002Fioppn\u002Facademic-psychiatry\u002Faddictions\u002Fkatie-east.x1b721668.jpg?w=197&h=217&crop=160,160,19,28"}}},"sys":{"id":"f6c1f933-4fcc-4cd6-aae9-f1cbca2a8e40","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"person","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}}],"authorByline":null,"relatedSpotlightArticle":null,"articleContent":[{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Cp\u003ECigarettes kill over half of their long-term users. The World Health Organisation (WHO) considers the tobacco epidemic to be one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced, killing more than eight million people per year worldwide. Smoking and exposure to second-hand smokes cause 65,000 deaths per year in England alone. It remains the largest single risk factor for death and ill-health, and is a leading cause of health inequalities in England.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EE-cigarettes (vaping products) offer a substantially less harmful alternative, but there has been a heated debate about their use and wide variation in approaches to regulation. Against a backdrop of controversy and disparate knowledge, the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fresearch\u002Fnicotine-research-group\"\u003ENicotine Research Group\u003C\u002Fa\u003E at King’s has provided a much-needed body of research to enable an evidence-based approach to policy-making in this area.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fpeople\u002Fann-mcneill\"\u003EAnn McNeill\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, Professor of Tobacco Addiction at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), said: \"As Professor Michael Russell from the, then, Institute of Psychiatry said over 40 years ago, ‘Smokers smoke for the nicotine, but die from the tar’. Since then, various less harmful nicotine delivery systems have been developed. However, e-cigarettes were the first to mirror the act of smoking whilst delivering decent doses of nicotine, and they quickly became popular alternatives to tobacco cigarettes\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"quote","value":{"text":"Our Nicotine Research Group at King’s quickly picked up the gauntlet to study vaping products, investigating who was using them, how and why, as well as synthesising the global evidence on their impact on public health. The evidence indicated that when appropriately regulated and used, e-cigarettes helped smokers to stop and offered a much less harmful means of continuing nicotine use for those that wished to do so.","source":"Professor Ann McNeill, Professor of Tobacco Addiction and Nicotine Research Group lead at the IoPPN, King's College London"}},{"type":"kalturaVideo","value":{"videoDescription":null,"videoTitle":null,"kalturaLink":"https:\u002F\u002Fmedia.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fmedia\u002FKing's%20Spotlight%3A%20Vaping\u002F1_v2asmc7y"}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Ch4\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EReplacing one addiction with another?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fh4\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy 2010, e-cigarettes had entered the market as a means of delivering the main addictive substance in smoking – nicotine - whilst avoiding many of the harmful ingredients of cigarettes. In 2022, about eight per cent of adults in England used e-cigarettes, and tobacco use had dropped from 19.8 per cent of adults in 2011 to 13.9 per cent. The increased use of e-cigarettes was surrounded by debate, fueled by misconceptions that nicotine was the harmful ingredient in tobacco and that these products were simply replacing one harmful addiction with another.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe best evidence that was available in 2015 demonstrated that e-cigarettes are unlikely to exceed five per cent of the harms associated with smoking tobacco. In this controversial area, there was an unmet need for robust, meaningful research to cut through the noise. By addressing the unanswered questions around use and impact of e-cigarettes, King’s research provided an evidence base for policy decisions and public health recommendations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch4\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBuilding the foundations for e-cigarette policy in England\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fh4\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGlobally, King’s researchers were one of the first groups to study e-cigarette use. Their research in this area identified not only that e-cigarette use helps tobacco smokers quit smoking, but also that the type and frequency of e-cigarette use impacted the likelihood of reduced smoking harm. For example, daily e-cigarette use was associated with reduced tobacco smoking and a higher number of attempts to quit smoking altogether during the next year. Furthermore, those using e-cigarettes with a re-fillable liquid tank daily were more likely to have quit smoking compared to those not using e-cigarettes. King’s researchers revealed the consequences of widespread misperceptions about the relative harm of e-cigarettes. These findings provided valuable insights into the level of knowledge amongst smokers about the harm of e-cigarettes compared to traditional smoking.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"quote","value":{"text":"We know that more than half of all long-term smokers will die early because of smoking. But in England, seven out of ten adult smokers think vaping is at least as harmful as smoking or are unsure. Such misperceptions were even worse in smokers from more disadvantaged groups and among smokers from black and minority ethnic groups. These figures show a failure to communicate the evidence to those affected by the harms of smoking.","source":"Dr Leonie Brose, Reader in Addiction Education and Nicotine Research at the IoPPN, King's College London (from 2021 PHE review)"}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Cp\u003EA primary element of the debate around e-cigarettes is the concern that young people who did not previously smoke will start vaping, and this use of e-cigarettes could increase the subsequent risk of tobacco smoking. King’s research has found that there are \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS1054139X13002772?casa_token=etVr4nIa9JoAAAAA:gMSpPA8B_fn_6oMhI3B8lGA_wrhaVqrENJqIap4-xDkeXCZpIPJtonGNXQcDZsazq_eUFQ_J27o\"\u003Eassociations in both directions\u003C\u002Fa\u003E between trying an e-cigarette and trying tobacco smoking. According to the latest data from the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fash.org.uk\u002Fresources\u002Fview\u002Fuse-of-e-cigarettes-among-young-people-in-great-britain\"\u003EAction on Smoking and Health (ASH) 2022 survey\u003C\u002Fa\u003E commissioned by YouGov, over the last two years the number of 11- to 18-year-olds who vape has increased from 4.8 per cent in 2020 to 8.6 per cent in 2022. Nonetheless, 98 per cent of young people who have never smoked are also not currently vaping. The Nicotine Research Group continues to monitor e-cigarette use by young people given the rapid evolution of vaping products on the market.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch4\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EKing’s Public Health England Evidence Reviews\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fh4\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPublic Health England (PHE - now Office for Health Improvement and Disparities and UK Health Security Agency) existed to protect and improve the nation’s health and wellbeing by providing evidence-based professional, scientific and delivery expertise. Based on King’s ground-breaking work in the area of vaping, PHE commissioned King’s researchers to summarise the evidence on e-cigarettes in six independent evidence reviews.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThese reviews - published in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gov.uk\u002Fgovernment\u002Fpublications\u002Fe-cigarettes-an-evidence-update\"\u003E2015\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gov.uk\u002Fgovernment\u002Fpublications\u002Fe-cigarettes-and-heated-tobacco-products-evidence-review\"\u003E2018\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gov.uk\u002Fgovernment\u002Fpublications\u002Fvaping-in-england-an-evidence-update-february-2019\"\u003E2019\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gov.uk\u002Fgovernment\u002Fpublications\u002Fvaping-in-england-evidence-update-march-2020\"\u003E2020\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gov.uk\u002Fgovernment\u002Fpublications\u002Fvaping-in-england-evidence-update-february-2021\"\u003E2021\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gov.uk\u002Fgovernment\u002Fpublications\u002Fnicotine-vaping-in-england-2022-evidence-update\"\u003E2022\u003C\u002Fa\u003E - received global attention. They have informed policy and are the means by which the government monitors the use and impact of e-cigarettes among adults and youth, as well as identifying areas of interest for future research and policy.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"image","value":{"altText":"","transformations":null,"caption":"","asset":{"entryTitle":"PHE vaping evidence reviews 2015-2022","entryDescription":null,"sys":{"id":"7917d5ec-e9e9-403f-9531-c5bca8a486d7","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"image","dataFormat":"asset","uri":"\u002Fnewimages\u002Fioppn\u002Fnews-spotlights\u002Fphe-vaping-evidence-reviews-2015-2022.xd9c6577c.png"}}}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe reviews underpin the UK government’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gov.uk\u002Fgovernment\u002Fpublications\u002Fthe-tobacco-control-plan-for-england\"\u003ETobacco Control Plan for England\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, authored by the Department of Health and Social Care, which includes aims to support harm reduction with alternative forms of nicotine such as e-cigarettes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe impact of King’s research and these reviews has spread wide within England. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nice.org.uk\u002Fguidance\u002Fng92\"\u003ENICE guidance\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and advice for ‘stop smoking services’ has been informed by King’s research and the King’s 2018 PHE evidence review, and now uses recommendations on e-cigarettes as a harm-reduction strategy. Evidence from the 2015 and 2018 King’s reviews underpins the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncsct.co.uk\u002F\"\u003ENational Centre for Smoking Cessation and Training\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (NCSCT) stop smoking practitioner training, which includes a section on e-cigarettes. In 2018, the NCSCT produced a series of five public health information films for PHE, ‘E-cigarette safety: the facts explained’. The films aimed to counter misperceptions about the harms of e-cigarettes highlighted in King’s research. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=qljBzXmTqjE\"\u003EOne of these features Professor Ann McNeill which, to date, has 457,629 views on YouTube.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Cp\u003EBased on King’s PHE Reviews, PHE have issued advice on the use of e-cigarettes in the workplace and public spaces to help employers and organisations develop their own policies. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.rcgp.org.uk\u002Fpolicy\u002Frcgp-policy-areas\u002Fe-cigarettes-non-combustible-inhaled-tobacco-products.aspx\"\u003EThe Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) position statement on e-cigarettes\u003C\u002Fa\u003E directs UK GPs to the King’s 2015 PHE Review and to the NCSCT training as means to inform GPs of the use of e-cigarettes as part of a harm-reduction approach.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe impact of King’s research also reached further afield. On the basis of King’s PHE Reviews, the New Zealand Ministry of Health recommended that the government support smokers to switch to significantly less harmful nicotine alternatives. This was instrumental in New Zealand legalising nicotine vaping products in 2018.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe 2021 PHE review showed that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fevidence-strengthens-that-vaping-is-effective-for-stopping-smoking-but-not-reaching-its-full-potential-with-adult-smokers\"\u003Eperceptions about the relative harms of smoking and vaping among adult smokers are increasingly out of line with the evidence\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Among adult smokers, only 29 per cent believed vaping was less harmful than smoking, while 38% thought they were equally harmful and another 15 per cent believed vaping to be more harmful than smoking.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe most recent \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gov.uk\u002Fgovernment\u002Fpublications\u002Fnicotine-vaping-in-england-2022-evidence-update\"\u003E2022 PHE review\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is the most comprehensive to date, reviewing the potential health risks of nicotine vaping. Although the report highlights that vaping is not risk-free, particularly for those who have never smoked, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fvaping-substantially-less-harmful-than-smoking-largest-review-of-its-kind-finds\"\u003Evaping poses a small fraction of the risks of tobacco smoking\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in the short and medium term.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch4\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EUsing research to achieve a ‘Smoke-Free’ England\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fh4\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gov.uk\u002Fgovernment\u002Fconsultations\u002Fadvancing-our-health-prevention-in-the-2020s\u002Fadvancing-our-health-prevention-in-the-2020s-consultation-document\"\u003E2019 Government Green Paper ‘Advancing our health: prevention in the 2020s’\u003C\u002Fa\u003E cites the 2018 King’s PHE Review, stating that e-cigarettes are a helpful contribution to a harm reduction strategy in smokers, and recommending their use.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt stated: \u003Cem\u003E‘We are setting an ambition to go 'smoke-free' in England by 2030. This includes an ultimatum for industry to make smoked tobacco obsolete by 2030, with smokers quitting or moving to reduced risk products like e-cigarettes.’\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStatistics from NHS Digital showed that in 2018 - 2019, '\u003Ca tabindex=\"-1\" title=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdigital.nhs.uk\u002Fdata-and-information\u002Fpublications\u002Fstatistical\u002Fstatistics-on-nhs-stop-smoking-services-in-england\u002Fapril-2018-to-march-2019\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdigital.nhs.uk\u002Fdata-and-information\u002Fpublications\u002Fstatistical\u002Fstatistics-on-nhs-stop-smoking-services-in-england\u002Fapril-2018-to-march-2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label=\"Link stop smoking services' supported 236,175 attempts to stop smoking\"\u003Estop smoking services' supported 236,175 attempts to stop smoking\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Those attempts in which clients used e-cigarettes have achieved the highest self-reported quit rates compared with prescription medication and Nicotine Replacement Therapy, indicating that the revisions of training based on King’s research has saved countless lives.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"}],"categories":[{"entryTitle":"Health","entryDescription":null,"entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"505c6ef3-27ad-49ad-ab3b-31289188963a","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"categories","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}}],"entryTitle":"Clearing the smoke: the evidence behind vaping"},{"summary":"October 2022 marks the 10th anniversary of Julia Gillard’s famous speech on misogyny to the Australian Parliament. A decade later, Julia chairs the Global Institute of Women’s Leadership at King’s, continuing her work to provide a platform of equal access to women of all backgrounds.","entryThumbnail":null,"image":{"altText":"1920 JG 1","transformations":null,"caption":"","asset":{"entryTitle":"1920 JG 1","entryDescription":null,"sys":{"id":"161b4eb4-8a6d-44bd-8bef-6351b76affb8","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"image","dataFormat":"asset","uri":"\u002Fnewimages\u002Falumni\u002Fnews-misc-sizes\u002F1920-jg-1.xe2325d65.png"}}},"regions":[],"topics":[{"entryTitle":"Women","entryDescription":null,"entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"41c003fc-313b-4ea7-b688-ea49a59ba45a","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"topics","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"Policy","entryDescription":null,"entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"02b17556-8d82-4045-9c77-3bf52c5f9b55","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"topics","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"Community","entryDescription":null,"entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"5e3e0215-8823-4fc5-9561-9b5d61a88d22","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"topics","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"Gender equality (SDG 5)","entryDescription":null,"entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"e9aaf9c6-fc71-4923-860d-2327daeae635","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"topics","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"Reduced inequalities (SDG 10)","entryDescription":null,"entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"a28a9bd1-b885-4c85-87e1-8cf03b924c1a","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"topics","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}}],"orgUnit":[{"entryTitle":"King’s alumni","entryDescription":"alumni","entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"f44275cd-dd57-4d3d-9f2b-e628ddafd7b7","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"orgUnit","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"King's Global Institute for Women’s Leadership","entryDescription":"giwl","entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"079a77ee-22c0-43e9-adf9-dbc9713178d2","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"orgUnit","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}}],"publishDate":"2022-11-07T00:00:00","searchOptions":null,"entryDescription":"October 2022 marks the 10th anniversary of Julia Gillard’s famous speech on misogyny to the Australian Parliament. A decade later, Julia chairs the Global Institute of Women’s Leadership at King’s, continuing her work to provide a platform of equal access to women of all backgrounds.","relatedLinks":[],"title":"A Decade on from the Misogyny Speech","sys":{"owner":"k1926835","metadata":{},"workflow":{"id":"contensisEntryApproval","state":"versionComplete"},"dataFormat":"entry","isPublished":true,"availableLanguages":["en-GB"],"contentTypeId":"spotlight","language":"en-GB","allUris":[],"uri":null,"version":{"publishedBy":"k1926835","archived":null,"deleted":null,"createdBy":"k1926835","created":"2022-11-07T11:58:03.2438505Z","versionNo":"3.0","modified":"2022-11-09T12:25:51.5584713Z","modifiedBy":"k1926835","published":"2022-11-09T12:26:24.0150992Z","archivedBy":null,"deletedBy":null},"versionStatus":"published","id":"2de12af9-d996-4197-899a-b4080f3a31ff","projectId":"website","slug":"a-decade-on-from-the-misogyny-speech","properties":{}},"relatedCourses":[],"relatedResearch":[],"featuredImage":{"altText":"780 JG 1","transformations":null,"caption":"","asset":{"entryTitle":"780 JG 1","entryDescription":null,"sys":{"id":"6ce9d153-c724-4f22-8bde-6fd628496780","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"image","dataFormat":"asset","uri":"\u002Fnewimages\u002Falumni\u002Fnews-misc-sizes\u002F780-jg-1.xb3d9f1ee.png"}}},"relatedPeople":[{"entryTitle":"Julia Gillard","entryDescription":"Chair","entryThumbnail":{"altText":"","caption":"","transformations":null,"asset":{"entryTitle":"julia gillard","entryDescription":null,"sys":{"id":"f46cbc60-fd21-4cf8-a0e5-cc52a6091b43","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"image","dataFormat":"asset","uri":"\u002Fnewimages\u002Fgiwl\u002Fpeople\u002Fjulia-gillard.xc4c7d11b.png"}}},"sys":{"id":"bdacab9a-e9e8-4e63-ad08-0b3b030217bf","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"person","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}}],"authorByline":null,"relatedSpotlightArticle":{"entryTitle":"Reimagining India's health system","entryDescription":"Why is that India's voters appear to place curiously little emphasis on health when it comes to voting decisions? Professor Louise Tillin is investigating exactly this. ","entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"6768f81b-6364-455f-80e7-96dd251c3bf2","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"spotlight","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},"articleContent":[{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Cp\u003EOctober 2022 marks the 10th anniversary of Julia Gillard’s famous speech on misogyny to the Australian Parliament, an address that would resonate around the world. A decade later, Julia, the only woman to have served as Prime Minister of Australia, is chair of the Global Institute for Women’s Leadership at King’s (GIWL), an institution that works towards a world in which women of all backgrounds have equal access to leadership positions.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe speech\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E‘I will not be lectured about sexism and misogyny by this man. I will not’. So begins Julia Gillard’s iconic speech to the Australian Parliament, a response to opposition leader Tony Abbott’s accusation of sexism in the midst of a no confidence motion to remove then-Speaker, Peter Slipper, over misogynistic texts he sent to his aide.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"quote","value":{"text":"I will not be lectured about sexism and misogyny by this man. I will not.","source":"Julia Gillard, former Prime Minister of Australia"}},{"type":"nestedImage","value":{"image":{"altText":"250 GIWL Julia 22","transformations":null,"caption":"","asset":{"entryTitle":"250 GIWL Julia 22","entryDescription":null,"sys":{"id":"3ac74b4d-8d0f-44dc-b82c-b01b5e4ca8c7","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"image","dataFormat":"asset","uri":"\u002Fnewimages\u002Falumni\u002Fnews-misc-sizes\u002F250-giwl-julia-22.xb349d511.png"}}},"text":"\u003Cp\u003EWhat follows is, as \u003Cem\u003EThe Guardian \u003C\u002Fem\u003Eput it, ‘a masterful, righteous put-down’ that considered Abbott’s own sexism and hypocrisy as emblematic of existing issues in society at large. The speech would rise to viral fame, becoming a cultural phenomenon that signalled a landmark moment for women in politics. The Macquarie Dictionary of Australian English changed its definition of ‘misogyny’ in its wake, from ‘hatred of women’ to ‘entrenched prejudice against women’. Sarah Hanson-Young, a Greens Senator, stated in its immediate aftermath, ‘When I first heard it, I really thought, ‘Thank God she’s finally said something’’. In 2020, it was voted by \u003Cem\u003EGuardian \u003C\u002Fem\u003Ereaders as the number one most unforgettable moment in Australian television history.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJulia’s words were a rallying cry from the highest office: misogyny and sexism should not be tolerated – women are entitled to a better standard in private, public and professional life.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E","align":"Right"}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA legacy in research\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe speech continues to reach further into our collective consciousness to this day. 10 years later, Julia is still working to provide a platform for women to fairly enter leadership positions.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGlobally, women make up just 32% of national parliamentarians, 21% of news media leaders, 31% of senior managers and 20% of corporate board members. Gender equality progress has been slow but, alarmingly, in some cases it is reversing. In 2015 the World Economic Forum estimated the economic gender gap would be closed by 2133, but in 2022, they revised this estimate to 2173.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Institute aims to change this in three keys ways:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli data-leveltext=\"\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{"335552541":1,"335559684":-2,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EResearch\u003C\u002Fem\u003E: drawing together evidence from across sectors, disciplines and countries, and using that to undertake new solutions-based research.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli data-leveltext=\"\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{"335552541":1,"335559684":-2,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EPractice\u003C\u002Fem\u003E: ensuring that the solutions determined by that research translate into policy and practice.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli data-leveltext=\"\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{"335552541":1,"335559684":-2,"335559685":720,"335559991":360,"469769226":"Symbol","469769242":[8226],"469777803":"left","469777804":"","469777815":"hybridMultilevel"}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EEngagement\u003C\u002Fem\u003E: acting as a hub for a global community of academics, policymakers and activists across the world to come together and share their knowledge.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs a research-based organisation, GIWL utilises its evidence-centric approach in a diverse range of areas under the gender equality umbrella, including building inclusive work cultures, tackling under-representation and negative stereotyping in the media, measuring and mapping gender inequalities, and supporting women’s leadership in grassroots, local, national and global institutions.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETheir \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fgiwl\u002Fresearch\u002Fessays-on-equality\"\u003E‘Essays on Equality’\u003C\u002Fa\u003E anthologies, which are published annually, encapsulate the Institute’s research as a collection of ruminations on women’s leadership and gender equality, written by both researchers from GIWL itself and leading experts working in the field.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EImprovement through empowerment\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELooking back, Julia assesses the speech’s societal impact and the change that it initiated thus: ‘I think what we’re doing better is naming and shaming when we see sexism and misogyny. I think it’s impossible to imagine in Parliament today that a woman could be called the things that I was’. The Global Institute for Women’s Leadership is at the forefront of this changing landscape, and is working to ensure that the legacy of that famous speech continues to be one of improvement and empowerment.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"quote","value":{"text":"I think what we’re doing better is naming and shaming when we see sexism and misogyny. I think it’s impossible to imagine in Parliament today that a woman could be called the things that I was.","source":"Julia Gillard AC, Chair of the Global Institute for Women's Leadership at King's"}},{"type":"image","value":{"altText":"","transformations":null,"caption":"","asset":{"entryTitle":"368 JG 1","entryDescription":null,"sys":{"id":"62011274-70cb-492c-8ca6-59a4e9762205","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"image","dataFormat":"asset","uri":"\u002Fnewimages\u002Falumni\u002Fnews-misc-sizes\u002F368-jg-1.x0c467867.png"}}}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Cp\u003EIn November 2022, GIWL hosted an in-conversation event featuring Professor Mary Beard and Julia Gillard to celebrate the speech’s legacy, and look ahead to what comes next in the fight for equality. You can watch back a livestream of the event \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=J2IILxgYmSw\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYou can find out more about GIWL \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fgiwl\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. This article is part of the \u003Cem\u003EResearch in Action\u003C\u002Fem\u003E series, which tells the story of the transformational impact that King’s is striving to achieve through research and the researchers who make it happen. You can read more stories like this \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Falumni\u002Fnews-features\u002Fresearch-in-action\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGIWL’s work is only made possible through the generosity of King’s alumni and supporter community. Philanthropic support for their mission is vital, whether it’s through supporting one of their projects aiming to breakdown systemic barriers to leadership, funding an early career researcher to look at how gender intersects with race, or joining their closest supporters in their Founding Circle – a visionary group of 20 philanthropists coming together to provide £1.5 million in seed funding – your involvement and partnership can effect real change. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kcl.ac.uk\u002Fgiving\"\u003EClick here\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to find out more about how you have a transformational impact on society by donating to King’s.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"postitNote","value":{"alignment":"Full width","title":"Delivering the UN Sustainable Development Goals","content":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EKing's College London has a long and proud history of serving the needs and aspirations of society. We are committed to the \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsdgs.un.org\u002Fgoals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EUN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E as a university, and we use them as a framework for reporting on our social impact. The SDGs are a set of 17 goals approved by the 193 member states of the United Nations (UN) which aim to transform the world by 2030. This research supports SDGs \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsdgs.un.org\u002Fgoals\u002Fgoal5\"\u003E5\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsdgs.un.org\u002Fgoals\u002Fgoal10\"\u003E10\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"}}],"categories":[{"entryTitle":"Society","entryDescription":null,"entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"3376166e-dba4-4824-9278-b4b710cddf81","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"categories","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"University","entryDescription":null,"entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"e7ae859c-7867-4bbf-8d45-5b40e62ea10f","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"categories","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"Law","entryDescription":null,"entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"5bf65729-7a69-4223-a166-8c5ea2975b99","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"categories","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"International","entryDescription":null,"entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"daf07a30-df82-4a81-844c-72b1925f8704","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"categories","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}}],"entryTitle":"A Decade on from the Misogyny Speech"},{"summary":"The origin, or 'provenance' of data is important to gaining trust in policies and processes that are data driven. ","entryThumbnail":null,"image":{"altText":"question-key","transformations":"w=1903&h=1267&crop=1903,558,0,355","caption":"","asset":{"entryTitle":"question-key","entryDescription":null,"sys":{"id":"c765a4f5-617b-48f1-8e0f-268c9320558f","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"image","dataFormat":"asset","uri":"\u002FImportedImages\u002FAboutsection\u002Fprofessionalservices\u002Fstu-bus-systems\u002Fquestion-key.x425fd34b.jpg?w=1903&h=1267&crop=1903,558,0,355"}}},"regions":[],"topics":[{"entryTitle":"Computer science","entryDescription":null,"entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"a85ef05b-e510-4f79-9fd3-b2f5ad4bbb79","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"topics","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"Population Health","entryDescription":null,"entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"58ef9a3d-56a9-44f8-b182-9bb8e4fc9aef","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"topics","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}}],"orgUnit":[{"entryTitle":"Department of Population Health Sciences","entryDescription":"hscr","entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"c1aaf456-c885-4ba0-b934-f2b44b9ccfde","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"orgUnit","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine","entryDescription":"lsm","entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"b1a8567a-2e0c-423a-877e-ff5a1c989a1e","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"orgUnit","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"School of Life Course & Population Sciences","entryDescription":"slcps","entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"7c4a9e90-fc53-4520-985c-532729d0d4dc","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"orgUnit","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"Department of Informatics","entryDescription":"informatics","entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"8e2180f6-affe-461e-a481-6a99209559a6","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"orgUnit","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"Faculty of Natural, Mathematical & Engineering Sciences","entryDescription":"nmes","entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"25fe09c1-536a-496d-a117-0b718f3072d5","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"orgUnit","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}}],"publishDate":"2022-07-21T00:00:00","searchOptions":{"includeInKCLSiteSearch":false,"includeInSitemap":false,"includeInKCLSiteListings":false},"entryDescription":"The origin, or 'provenance' of data is important to gaining trust in policies and processes that are data driven. ","relatedLinks":[],"title":"Where does data come from?","sys":{"owner":"k1767312","metadata":{},"workflow":{"id":"contensisEntryApproval","state":"versionComplete"},"dataFormat":"entry","isPublished":true,"availableLanguages":["en-GB"],"contentTypeId":"spotlight","language":"en-GB","allUris":[],"uri":null,"version":{"publishedBy":"k2143998","archived":null,"deleted":null,"createdBy":"k1767312","created":"2022-07-22T07:41:40.0083292Z","versionNo":"4.0","modified":"2024-11-20T09:09:43.4647703Z","modifiedBy":"k2143998","published":"2024-11-20T09:09:46.9541916Z","archivedBy":null,"deletedBy":null},"versionStatus":"published","id":"c759c76e-b353-4779-97f4-5551c465305c","projectId":"website","slug":"where-does-data-come-from","properties":{}},"relatedCourses":[],"relatedResearch":[],"featuredImage":{"altText":"data image","transformations":"w=780&h=505&crop=780,440,0,33","caption":"","asset":{"entryTitle":"data image","entryDescription":null,"sys":{"id":"1bbcdadf-34e1-40b3-b8dc-b3ed5b08c652","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"image","dataFormat":"asset","uri":"\u002FImportedImages\u002FSchools\u002FSSPP\u002Fsshm\u002Fdata-image.xdc78d815.png?w=780&h=505&crop=780,440,0,33"}}},"relatedPeople":[{"entryTitle":"Vasa Curcin","entryDescription":"Professor of Health Informatics ","entryThumbnail":{"altText":"Vasa Curcin","caption":"","transformations":"w=160&h=240&crop=160,160,0,16","asset":{"entryTitle":"Vasa Curcin","entryDescription":null,"sys":{"id":"7025ecf9-e6f9-4e27-98f2-5b26e3b405a8","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"image","dataFormat":"asset","uri":"\u002Fnewimages\u002Ffolsm\u002Fperson-profile\u002Fslcps\u002Fvasa-curcin.x5202d43a.jpg?w=160&h=240&crop=160,160,0,16"}}},"sys":{"id":"5df83f36-4d01-49a8-aa38-be8b0bcacb0f","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"person","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}}],"authorByline":null,"relatedSpotlightArticle":null,"articleContent":[{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Cp\u003EWhen it comes to food, wine or art the idea of provenance is widely understood. It’s a way of verifying that a painting really is by a famous artist or that Cornish pasties come from Cornwall. We know because someone can trace back the painting or the pasty to its origins. For the person who is buying a pasty (or Jersey Royal potatoes, or French champagne) or the museum or collector acquiring a valuable painting , provenance is what allows them to trust that they are getting the genuine article.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EExactly the same principles apply in the digital world. Each year we rely on data to drive more and more areas of human activity. As processes become ever more sophisticated it is important to be able to trace data back to its origins, to allow people to trust what the data is telling them.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EProvenance is a fundamental building block of data governance. It tells us about the entities, activities, and people involved in producing a piece of data , which can be used to form assessments about its quality, reliability or trustworthiness. This information is typically obtained by tracing the relationship between agent, entity, and activity, and the time that the activity started and ended (who did what when, where and how). Academic research on provenance has led to the development of a computerised standard called the PROV data model, or PROV-DM (https:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002FTR\u002Fprov-dm\u002F). The PROV standard is published by the World Wide Web Consortium.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},{"type":"quote","value":{"text":"Fundamentally provenance is about trust in the integrity of data. The adoption of a common international standard, PROV, has opened up boundless possibilities for using data to drive services that benefit everyone ”.","source":"Professor Luc Moreau, Head of the Department of Informatics"}},{"type":"markup","value":"\u003Cp\u003EKing’s has worked in this area for more than a decade, laying groundwork for the adoption of the PROV standard, and conducting world-leading research that builds on PROV to deepen the understanding of provenance, develop software engineering methodologies and techniques to deploy provenance, and to conceive provenance-based techniques for systems to produce explanations about their decisions. What started as conceptual work is now widely used in practice, in sectors including health management systems, automated decision systems in finance and command and control systems in the US Navy.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe need became more acute In the UK with the introduction of new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in 2018. Organisations managing data have comprehensive responsibilities for ensuring the accuracy and protection of data. This is overseen by the Information Commissioners’ Office (ICO) , the government body responsible for upholding individuals’ information rights. It has drawn on work led by Luc Moreau, in setting out its guidance to companies on \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fico.org.uk\u002Ffor-organisations\u002Fuk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fexplaining-decisions-made-with-artificial-intelligence\u002F\"\u003Eexplaining decisions made with AI\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. – a fundamental step in improving trust in AI and the processes it drives.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn health care, Imosphere Ltd is a software company that develops tools for health, care and education organisations. Its flagship project, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimosphere.com\u002Fhealth-and-research-analytics\u002Ffaqs\u002Fatmolytics\u002Fwhat-is-atmolytics\u002F\"\u003EAtmolytics\u003C\u002Fa\u003E produces interactive reports from patient cohort data. Atmolytics incorporates elements of provenance template technology developed by Professor Vasa Curcin, Reader in Health Informatics, to add new functionality to the product. He said:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Provenance templates can be used to generate a model-driven service interface for domain software tools to routinely capture the provenance of their data and tasks. It is exciting to see templates being widely adopted to support health analytics.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E The new, provenance-enabled version of Atmolytics was launched in 2018 and by November 2020 had more than 4,000 users in the UK and USA, managing data for more than one million patients. The product allows care providers and services to use reliable, trusted data to identity patients at risk of certain conditions, track disease markers for patient cohorts, identify gaps in provision and assess the impact of new services. Among its many uses the South London Stroke Registry is using the programme as a front end providing sophisticated data exploration, visualisation and data analytics.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe CEO of Imosphere, says:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Using the PROV standard and provenance templates…. saved us years in design and development time and ensured we are standard compliant for any further extensions, reducing time to market by approximately one year…. It has also improved the software engineering aspect of our data analytics portal, as it promotes good practice in reusing and documenting analytical components across reports, avoiding duplication.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe term provenance was first used in the English language in the late 18\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E century, to describe the origins of historical artefacts. Now, 250 years later, the concept has been extended to protect and enable the newest data driven innovations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"}],"categories":[{"entryTitle":"Health","entryDescription":null,"entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"505c6ef3-27ad-49ad-ab3b-31289188963a","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"categories","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}},{"entryTitle":"Technology & Science","entryDescription":null,"entryThumbnail":null,"sys":{"id":"60c84afe-f51e-4e80-af7d-188d9eff995c","language":"en-GB","contentTypeId":"categories","dataFormat":"entry","uri":null}}],"entryTitle":"Where does data come from?"}]}}],"searchOptions":{"includeInKCLSiteSearch":true,"includeInSitemap":true,"includeInKCLSiteListings":true},"entryDescription":"Our research tackles global issues and adds value to the UK economy","description":"Our research tackles global issues and adds value to the UK economy","title":"Research 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