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project-category-running-projects ast-article-single" id="post-2537" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope="itemscope"> <div class="ast-post-format- single-layout-1"> <div class="entry-content clear" itemprop="text" > <div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="2537" class="elementor elementor-2537"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-334b761 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="334b761" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ae76887 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="ae76887" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <style>/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 26-05-2024 */ .elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}</style><h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">European Language Monitor (ELM)</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-63d8225 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="63d8225" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-63f3843 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="63f3843" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1dad37e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="1dad37e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <style>/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 26-05-2024 */ .elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}</style> <p style="font-weight: 400;">ELM gives you an overview of language legislation and language planning in Europe. It is a detailed and up to date database containing qualitative and quantitative data, links to rulings and legislation and other types of documentation. Using ELM, you can find answers to questions like:</p><ul><li>How many countries have a language law, and what does it regulate?</li><li>What languages are used as language of instruction in higher education, and what is their legal basis? </li><li>What languages are used on company websites? </li><li>Which countries have specific programs to support language technology for their languages, what do they contain, and where can you find them? </li></ul><p>You can browse and compare language laws, find information about the status of minority languages, the use of languages in the media and much more. Information is displayed in tables and maps.</p><p>The focus is on official regulations and their implementation. We have taken great care to provide comments, quotes, links and translations of legislation wherever possible. The data for ELM is collected every 4 years since 2009. </p><p>Target groups of the ELM are primarily policy makers at the national and the European level, linguists, sociologists, publishers, journalists, and other persons who are involved or interested in language development and language policy.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-98c783b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="98c783b" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a52f8ac elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="a52f8ac" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h5 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Go to ELM</h5> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-183ef24 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="183ef24" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div><a title="" href="http://clara.nytud.hu/elm3/_v2/">ELM 3 (2014)</a></div><div><a title="" href="https://juniper.nytud.hu/elm4/index">ELM 4 (2019)</a></div><div>Questionnaires</div><div style="padding-left: 40px;"><p><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lnWVuIdNDL0XBgJFn1Y837yT3ywo4c4p/view?usp=drive_link" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ELM 3 Questionnaire</a><br /><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/174KMxdkoGQkgk3Ob2geh6JN-oGAZY2bE/edit?usp=drive_link&ouid=117935532627353377108&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ELM 4 Questionnaire</a></p></div><div><a title="" href="https://efnil.org/projects/european-language-monitor-elm/european-language-monitor-instruction/">Instruction</a></div><div><a title="" href="https://efnil.org/projects/european-language-monitor-elm/european-language-monitor-terminology/">ELM Terminology</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e45998b elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e45998b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h5 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Other Activities</h5> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-277bb06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jkit_post_list" data-id="277bb06" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jkit_post_list.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jeg-elementor-kit jkit-postlist layout-vertical post-element jkit-pagination-disable jeg_module_2537__679b74b6c87b8" data-id="jeg_module_2537__679b74b6c87b8" data-settings="{"post_type":"projects","number_post":{"unit":"px","size":4,"sizes":[]},"post_offset":0,"unique_content":"disable","include_post":"","exclude_post":"12855,12858","include_category":"","exclude_category":"","include_author":"","include_tag":"","exclude_tag":"","project-category":"20","sort_by":"latest","pagination_mode":"disable","pagination_loadmore_text":"Load More","pagination_loading_text":"Loading...","pagination_number_post":{"unit":"px","size":3,"sizes":[]},"pagination_scroll_limit":0,"pagination_icon":{"value":"","library":""},"pagination_icon_position":"before","sg_content_layout":"vertical","sg_content_image_enable":"","sg_content_background_image_enable":"","sg_content_icon_enable":"","sg_content_icon":{"value":"fas fa-circle","library":"fa-solid"},"sg_content_meta_enable":0,"sg_content_meta_date_enable":0,"sg_content_meta_date_type":"published","sg_content_meta_date_format":"default","sg_content_meta_date_format_custom":"d\/m\/Y","sg_content_meta_date_icon":{"value":"fas fa-clock","library":"fa-solid"},"sg_content_meta_category_enable":0,"sg_content_meta_category_icon":{"value":"fas fa-tag","library":"fa-solid"},"sg_content_meta_position":"top","sg_content_image_size_imagesize_size":"large","lang":"en","paged":1,"class":"jkit_post_list"}"><div class="jkit-block-container"><div class="jkit-posts jkit-ajax-flag"> <article class="jkit-post post-list-item"> <a href="https://efnil.org/projects/mobility-scheme/" > <div class="jkit-postlist-content"><span class="jkit-postlist-title">EFNIL’s Mobility Scheme</span></div> </a> </article><article class="jkit-post post-list-item"> <a href="https://efnil.org/projects/european-language-monitor-elm/" > <div class="jkit-postlist-content"><span class="jkit-postlist-title">European Language Monitor</span></div> </a> </article><article class="jkit-post post-list-item"> <a href="https://efnil.org/projects/european-languages-and-their-intelligibility-in-the-public-sphere-elips/" > <div class="jkit-postlist-content"><span class="jkit-postlist-title">European Languages and their Intelligibility in the Public Sphere</span></div> </a> </article><article class="jkit-post post-list-item"> <a href="https://efnil.org/projects/masters-thesis-award/" > <div class="jkit-postlist-content"><span class="jkit-postlist-title">EFNIL’s Master’s Thesis Award</span></div> </a> </article> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ab7dedf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="ab7dedf" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7e029c2 accordion-toggle elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion" data-id="7e029c2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="accordion.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <style>/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 26-05-2024 */ .elementor-accordion{text-align:start}.elementor-accordion .elementor-accordion-item{border:1px solid #d5d8dc}.elementor-accordion .elementor-accordion-item+.elementor-accordion-item{border-top:none}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title{margin:0;padding:15px 20px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;cursor:pointer;outline:none}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title .elementor-accordion-icon{display:inline-block;width:1.5em}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title .elementor-accordion-icon svg{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title .elementor-accordion-icon.elementor-accordion-icon-right{float:right;text-align:right}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title .elementor-accordion-icon.elementor-accordion-icon-left{float:left;text-align:left}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title .elementor-accordion-icon .elementor-accordion-icon-closed{display:block}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title .elementor-accordion-icon .elementor-accordion-icon-opened,.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title.elementor-active .elementor-accordion-icon-closed{display:none}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title.elementor-active .elementor-accordion-icon-opened{display:block}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-content{display:none;padding:15px 20px;border-top:1px solid #d5d8dc}@media (max-width:767px){.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title{padding:12px 15px}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-title .elementor-accordion-icon{width:1.2em}.elementor-accordion .elementor-tab-content{padding:7px 15px}}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-accordion,.e-con>.elementor-widget-accordion{width:var(--container-widget-width);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}</style> <div class="elementor-accordion"> <div class="elementor-accordion-item"> <div id="elementor-tab-title-1321" class="elementor-tab-title" data-tab="1" role="button" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-1321" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon-closed"><i class="fas fa-caret-right"></i></span> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon-opened"><i class="fas fa-caret-down"></i></span> </span> <a class="elementor-accordion-title" tabindex="0">dummy</a> </div> <div id="elementor-tab-content-1321" class="elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix" data-tab="1" role="region" aria-labelledby="elementor-tab-title-1321"></div> </div> <div class="elementor-accordion-item"> <div id="elementor-tab-title-1322" class="elementor-tab-title" data-tab="2" role="button" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-1322" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon-closed"><i class="fas fa-caret-right"></i></span> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon-opened"><i class="fas fa-caret-down"></i></span> </span> <a class="elementor-accordion-title" tabindex="0">How are the data in ELM collected?</a> </div> <div id="elementor-tab-content-1322" class="elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix" data-tab="2" role="region" aria-labelledby="elementor-tab-title-1322"><p dir="ltr">ELM based on a questionnaire which has been filled out by the official institutions of language of each country associated in the European Federation for Institutions of National Languages (EFNIL). The answers contain quantitative and qualitative data such as quotes from legislative texts and other texts in the original language and their translation into English.</p><p dir="ltr">ELM contains answers to questions on language planning and language policy divided into 9 main topics:</p><ul><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr">General questions about each country and its languages</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr">Specific legal regulations</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr">Instruction in and use of languages in primary and secondary education</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr">Instruction in and use of languages at university level</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr">Language use in the media</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr">Language use in business</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr">Dissemination of official languages abroad</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr">Language organisations</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr">Policies for language technology (only in ELM 4 2019)</p></li></ul><p dir="ltr">Although a core of data types will have to be kept constant to allow comparisons and the description of changes, some questions of the repeated surveys are adapted to the changing needs of the users.</p></div> </div> <div class="elementor-accordion-item"> <div id="elementor-tab-title-1323" class="elementor-tab-title" data-tab="3" role="button" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-1323" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon-closed"><i class="fas fa-caret-right"></i></span> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon-opened"><i class="fas fa-caret-down"></i></span> </span> <a class="elementor-accordion-title" tabindex="0">Countries covered</a> </div> <div id="elementor-tab-content-1323" class="elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix" data-tab="3" role="region" aria-labelledby="elementor-tab-title-1323"><p dir="ltr">ELM 2 covers 23 countries, ELM 3 covers 27, and ELM 4 covers 22 countries. In many cases it is possible to follow the development of language policies and practices in a country for 10 years.</p><p dir="ltr"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-14205 size-medium" src="https://efnil.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ELM4-1-221x300.jpg" alt="" width="221" height="300" srcset="https://efnil.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ELM4-1-221x300.jpg 221w, https://efnil.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ELM4-1.jpg 589w" sizes="(max-width: 221px) 100vw, 221px" /></p></div> </div> <div class="elementor-accordion-item"> <div id="elementor-tab-title-1324" class="elementor-tab-title" data-tab="4" role="button" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-1324" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon-closed"><i class="fas fa-caret-right"></i></span> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon-opened"><i class="fas fa-caret-down"></i></span> </span> <a class="elementor-accordion-title" tabindex="0">Direct access to ELM</a> </div> <div id="elementor-tab-content-1324" class="elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix" data-tab="4" role="region" aria-labelledby="elementor-tab-title-1324"><ul style="font-weight: 400;"><li><a href="https://juniper.nytud.hu/elm4/index">ELM 4 (2019) (database online)<span style="font-style: inherit; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5); color: var(--ast-global-color-3);"> </span></a></li></ul><ul style="font-weight: 400;"><li><a href="http://clara.nytud.hu/elm3/_v2/">ELM 3 (2014) (database online)</a></li></ul><ul><li>ELM 2 (2012)<br /><a href="http://efnil.org/documents/conference-publications/london-2011/the-role-of-language-education-in-creating-a/21-ELM.pdf">Sabine Kirchmeier-Andersen / Cecilia Robustelli / Jennie Spetz / Gerhard Stickel / Nina Teigland: European Language Monitor (ELM)</a> in: Gerhard Stickel / Michael Carrier (eds.): Education in Creating a multilingual Europe. Peter Lang Verlag, Frankfurt a.M. / Berlin / Bruxelles etc., 2012.<br /><a style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;" href="http://efnil.org/documents/conference-publications/london-2011/the-role-of-language-education-in-creating-a/22-ELM-interim.pdf">D. Kokoroskos: Interim Report</a> in: Gerhard Stickel / Michael Carrier (eds.): Education in Creating a multilingual Europe. Peter Lang Verlag, Frankfurt a.M. / Berlin / Bruxelles etc., 2012</li></ul><ul><li>ELM 1 (2004) was a pilot project and the data are no longer accessible.</li></ul></div> </div> <div class="elementor-accordion-item"> <div id="elementor-tab-title-1325" class="elementor-tab-title" data-tab="5" role="button" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-1325" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon-closed"><i class="fas fa-caret-right"></i></span> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon-opened"><i class="fas fa-caret-down"></i></span> </span> <a class="elementor-accordion-title" tabindex="0">Publications about ELM</a> </div> <div id="elementor-tab-content-1325" class="elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix" data-tab="5" role="region" aria-labelledby="elementor-tab-title-1325"><ul><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><a href="http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba/article/view/2039">Kirchmeier, Sabine: Trends in European Language Policies With a View to Language Technology</a>. In: Standard Language / Bendrinė kalba, No. 93. Vilnius 2020.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><a href="https://lt4all.elra.info/proceedings/lt4all2019/pdf/2019.lt4all-1.83.pdf">Kirchmeier, Sabine: European Language Monitor – Exploring European Language Policies On-Line.</a> In: Proceedings of the Language Technologies for All (LT4All) , pages 332– 334. Paris, UNESCO Headquarters, 5-6 December, 2019. European Language Resources Association (ELRA) 2019.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><a href="https://lt4all.elra.info/media/papers/P2/82.pdf">ELM Poster</a></p></li></ul></div> </div> <div class="elementor-accordion-item"> <div id="elementor-tab-title-1326" class="elementor-tab-title" data-tab="6" role="button" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-1326" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon-closed"><i class="fas fa-caret-right"></i></span> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon-opened"><i class="fas fa-caret-down"></i></span> </span> <a class="elementor-accordion-title" tabindex="0">About the ELM group</a> </div> <div id="elementor-tab-content-1326" class="elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix" data-tab="6" role="region" aria-labelledby="elementor-tab-title-1326"><p>The ELM group consists of 5 members most of whom have participated in ELM for more than 10 years.</p><ul><li>Nataša Gliha Komac (Slovenia)</li><li>Annemieke Hoorntje (the Netherlands)</li><li>Cecilia Robustelli (Italy)</li><li>Pernilla Johansson (Sweden)</li><li>Nina Teigland (Norway)</li></ul></div> </div> <div class="elementor-accordion-item"> <div id="elementor-tab-title-1327" class="elementor-tab-title" data-tab="7" role="button" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-1327" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon-closed"><i class="fas fa-caret-right"></i></span> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon-opened"><i class="fas fa-caret-down"></i></span> </span> <a class="elementor-accordion-title" tabindex="0">Disclaimer</a> </div> <div id="elementor-tab-content-1327" class="elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix" data-tab="7" role="region" aria-labelledby="elementor-tab-title-1327"><p dir="ltr">Please note that ELM is updated every 4 years and should primarily be used to get an overview of language legislation and language practices and to enable researchers, politicians and journalists to explore the richness of European practices in this field. If you wish to quote the data, please make sure to check that they are still valid, as language legislation is constantly changing for instance by contacting the relevant official institutions of language listed <strong><a href="http://www.efnil.org/partners">here</a></strong>.</p></div> </div> <div class="elementor-accordion-item"> <div id="elementor-tab-title-1328" class="elementor-tab-title" data-tab="8" role="button" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-1328" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon-closed"><i class="fas fa-caret-right"></i></span> <span class="elementor-accordion-icon-opened"><i class="fas fa-caret-down"></i></span> </span> <a class="elementor-accordion-title" tabindex="0">Contact</a> </div> <div id="elementor-tab-content-1328" class="elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix" data-tab="8" role="region" aria-labelledby="elementor-tab-title-1328"><p dir="ltr">If you have questions or found any mistakes in the data, please do not hesitate to contact us.</p><p dir="ltr">Coordination: <strong>Annemieke Hoorntje</strong>, <a href="mailto:ahoorntje@taalunie.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ahoorntje@taalunie.org</a> </p><p dir="ltr">EFNIL Secretariat: <a href="mailto:efnil@nytud.hu" target="_blank" rel="noopener">efnil@nytud.hu</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <nav class="navigation post-navigation" role="navigation" aria-label="Posts"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Post navigation</span> <div class="nav-links"><div class="nav-previous"><a href="https://efnil.org/projects/european-language-equality-ele/" rel="prev"><span class="ast-left-arrow">←</span> Previous Project</a></div><div class="nav-next"><a href="https://efnil.org/projects/language-legislation-europe-lle/" rel="next">Next Project <span class="ast-right-arrow">→</span></a></div></div> </nav> </main> </div> </div>  </div> <footer class="site-footer" id="colophon" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter" itemscope="itemscope" itemid="#colophon"> <div class="site-below-footer-wrap ast-builder-grid-row-container site-footer-focus-item ast-builder-grid-row-2-lheavy ast-builder-grid-row-tablet-2-equal ast-builder-grid-row-mobile-full ast-footer-row-stack ast-footer-row-tablet-stack ast-footer-row-mobile-stack" data-section="section-below-footer-builder"> <div class="ast-builder-grid-row-container-inner"> <div class="ast-builder-footer-grid-columns site-below-footer-inner-wrap ast-builder-grid-row"> <div class="site-footer-below-section-1 site-footer-section site-footer-section-1"> <div class="ast-builder-layout-element ast-flex site-footer-focus-item ast-footer-copyright" data-section="section-footer-builder"> <div class="ast-footer-copyright"><p>European Federation of National Institutions for Language (a.s.b.l.) 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