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<div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li 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mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Indian Orthodox Church" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Indian_Orthodox_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Orthodox churches">Indian Orthodox churches</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the modern denomination. For the historic church body, see <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Church" title="Malankara Church">Malankara Church</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church">Jacobite Syrian Christian Church</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church%22">"Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (June 2019) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (MOSC)<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> also known as the Indian Orthodox Church (IOC)<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> or simply as the Malankara Church,<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">autocephalous</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNEWA-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox church</a> headquartered in <a href="#Catholicate">Devalokam</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Kottayam" title="Kottayam">Kottayam</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. It serves India's <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christian</a> (also known as Nasrani) population. According to tradition, these communities originated in the missions of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas the Apostle</a> in the 1st century (circa 52 AD).<a href="#cite_note-Erwin_Fahlbusch-14">[14]</a> It employs the <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara Rite</a>, an Indian form of the <a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a> <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical rite">liturgical rite</a>. <table class="infobox" style="width: 24em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (Indian Orthodox Church)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Devalokam_Aramana,_Kottayam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Large, white two-storey building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Devalokam_Aramana%2C_Kottayam.jpg/250px-Devalokam_Aramana%2C_Kottayam.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Devalokam_Aramana%2C_Kottayam.jpg/375px-Devalokam_Aramana%2C_Kottayam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Devalokam_Aramana%2C_Kottayam.jpg/500px-Devalokam_Aramana%2C_Kottayam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="620"></a><div class="infobox-caption">MOSC Catholicate Palace</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Orientation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Scripture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Theology</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Miaphysitism" title="Miaphysitism">Miaphysitism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Polity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity" title="Episcopal polity">Episcopal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Governance</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Episcopal Synod</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Primate</th><td class="infobox-data">Malankara Metropolitan & Catholicos of East <a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_III" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews III">Baselios Marthoma Mathews III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Nasrani</a> <a href="/wiki/Malayali" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayali">Malayali</a> diaspora</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>,<a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Liturgy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac Rite</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara Rite</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">Catholicate Palace, <a href="/wiki/Kottayam" title="Kottayam">Kottayam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas the Apostle</a> (according to tradition) <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Vattasseril" class="mw-redirect" title="Dionysius of Vattasseril">Dionysius VI</a><a href="#cite_note-AutoD-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dissident-2">[2]</a>: 285 <a href="#cite_note-Gorgias-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data">AD 52, 1912,<a href="#cite_note-WCC-4">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox-Jacobite_church_dispute" title="Malankara Orthodox-Jacobite church dispute">1912</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Independence</th><td class="infobox-data">1912 (Establishment of Catholicate)<a href="#cite_note-CNEWA-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">Separated from</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a><a href="#cite_note-CEC-7">[7]</a>: 197 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Branched from</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Church" title="Malankara Church">Malankara Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Separations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara Catholic Church</a> (1930)<a href="#cite_note-CEC-7">[7]</a>: 197 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Members</th><td class="infobox-data">0.5 million in Kerala<a href="#cite_note-Population_kerala_pdf-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Other name(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">മലങ്കര സഭ (Malankara Church) Indian Orthodox Church </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malankaraorthodoxchurch.in">mosc.in</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> The MOSC descends from the <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Church" title="Malankara Church">Malankara Church</a> and its affiliation with the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a>. However, between 1909 and 1912, a <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox-Jacobite_church_dispute" title="Malankara Orthodox-Jacobite church dispute">schism</a> over the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Patriarch_of_Antioch_and_All_the_East" title="Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East">Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch</a> resulted in the dissolution of the unified Malankara Church and establishment of the overlapping and conflicting MOSC and <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church">Jacobite Syrian Christian Church</a> (JSCC).<a href="#cite_note-Gorgias-3">[3]</a> Since 1912, the MOSC has maintained a <a href="/wiki/Catholicos" title="Catholicos">catholicate</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_the_East_and_Malankara_Metropolitan" title="Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan">Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan</a>–presently <a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_III" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews III">Baselios Marthoma Mathews III</a>–who is the primate of the church. The MOSC drafted and formally adopted a constitution in 1934, in order to define the relationship it has with the Syriac Orthodox Church and the patriarch, wherein it defined itself a division of the Syriac Orthodox Church with its supreme spiritual leader being the Patriarch of Antioch. However the constitution stipulated that all the spiritual duties of the patriarch in the Malankara Church was entrusted to the Catholicos of the East and reiterated that its administration was the prerogative of the Malankara Metropolitan. The constitution further declared that the positions of the Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan are to be held by the same person from then on, who shall henceforth act as the spiritual and administrative head of the church.<a href="#cite_note-:ConstitutionMOSC-15">[15]</a> The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church asserts <a href="/wiki/Communion_(Christian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communion (Christian)">communion</a> with the other Oriental Orthodox churches. However, regular legal and occasional physical confrontations between the MOSC and the Syriac Orthodox JSCC have continued despite multiple efforts to reconcile the churches.<a href="#cite_note-Gorgias-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-FirstPost-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dissident-2">[2]</a>: 272 The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church accepts <a href="/wiki/Miaphysitism" title="Miaphysitism">miaphysitism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinkler199733-40-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrock201645%E2%80%9352-18">[18]</a> which holds that in the one person of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>, divinity and humanity are united in one (μία, mia) nature (φύσις – "<a href="/wiki/Physis" title="Physis">physis</a>") without separation, without confusion, without alteration and without mixing<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> where Christ is <a href="/wiki/Consubstantiality" title="Consubstantiality">consubstantial</a> with <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a>. Around 500 bishops within the Patriarchates of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> refused to accept the <a href="/wiki/Dyophysitism" title="Dyophysitism">dyophysitism</a> (two natures) doctrine decreed by the 4th ecumenical council, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a> in 451,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church#Dubious" title="Talk:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">discuss</a>] an incident that resulted in the second major split in the main body of the Christian Church (after the <a href="/wiki/Nestorian_schism" title="Nestorian schism">Nestorian schism</a>). While the Oriental Orthodox churches rejected the <a href="/wiki/Chalcedonian_definition" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalcedonian definition">Chalcedonian definition</a>, the sees that would later become the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> accepted this council.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Self-reporting roughly 2.5 million members (with external estimates of roughly 1 million)<a href="#cite_note-MOSCGorgias-21">[21]</a> across 30 <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">dioceses</a> worldwide, a significant proportion of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church's adherents reside in the southern India state of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> with the diaspora communities in North America, Europe, the Middle East, Malaysia, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-MOSCPOP-22">[22]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Early_history">1.1 Early history</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Malankara_Church">1.2 Malankara Church</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#19th_century">1.3 19th century</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#20th_century">1.4 20th century</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#21st_century">1.5 21st century</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Hierarchy_and_doctrine">2 Hierarchy and doctrine</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Liturgy_and_canonical_hours">2.1 Liturgy and canonical hours</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Saints">2.2 Saints</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Metropolitan">2.3 Metropolitan</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#List_of_Malankara_metropolitans">2.3.1 List of Malankara metropolitans</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Catholicate">2.4 Catholicate</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#List_of_Catholicos_of_the_East_of_the_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church">2.4.1 List of Catholicos of the East of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Administration">3 Administration</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#1934_church_constitution">3.1 1934 church constitution</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Malankara_Association">3.2 Malankara Association</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Co-trustees">3.3 Co-trustees</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Dioceses">3.4 Dioceses</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Metropolitan_bishops">3.5 Metropolitan bishops</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Churches_with_historical_importance">4 Churches with historical importance</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Monasteries_and_convents">5 Monasteries and convents</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Spiritual_organizations">6 Spiritual organizations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Seminaries">7 Seminaries</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Ecumenical_relations">8 Ecumenical relations</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Order_of_St._Thomas">8.1 Order of St. Thomas</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#See_also">9 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#References">10 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#Bibliography">11 Bibliography</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#External_links">12 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christian_denominations" title="Saint Thomas Christian denominations">Saint Thomas Christian denominations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malankara%E2%80%93Persia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Malankara–Persia relations">Malankara–Persia relations</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Branches_%26_Denominations_of_Saint_Thomas_Christians.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Branches_%26_Denominations_of_Saint_Thomas_Christians.svg/420px-Branches_%26_Denominations_of_Saint_Thomas_Christians.svg.png" decoding="async" width="420" height="236" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="288"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 420px;height: 236px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Branches_%26_Denominations_of_Saint_Thomas_Christians.svg/420px-Branches_%26_Denominations_of_Saint_Thomas_Christians.svg.png" data-width="420" data-height="236" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Branches_%26_Denominations_of_Saint_Thomas_Christians.svg/630px-Branches_%26_Denominations_of_Saint_Thomas_Christians.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Branches_%26_Denominations_of_Saint_Thomas_Christians.svg/840px-Branches_%26_Denominations_of_Saint_Thomas_Christians.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Chronological diagram of Saint Thomas Christian denominations</figcaption></figure> According to tradition, Christianity first arrived in India with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas the Apostle</a> during the 1st century AD, evolving into <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christianity</a> over several centuries.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> While isolated and generally independent in administration, Indian Christians maintained contact with the Christian hierarchies of <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a>, Persia, and potentially Alexandria.<a href="#cite_note-newadvent.org-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The Saint Thomas Christians had relationships with the Persian <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a> from at least the 6th century onward. The Indians inherited its <a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="East Syriac dialect">East Syriac dialect</a> for liturgical use and gradually became Syriac Christians in ritual and doctrine. They received clerical support from Persian bishops, who traveled to <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> in merchant ships on the <a href="/wiki/Spice_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Spice route">spice route</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrykenberg200893Wilmshurst2000343-26">[26]</a> For much of this period, Saint Thomas Christians were under the leadership of an <a href="/wiki/Archdeacon" title="Archdeacon">archdeacon</a> (a native ecclesiastical head with temporal powers, deriving from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> arkhidiākonos). During the 16th century, efforts by the <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> <a href="/wiki/Padroado" title="Padroado">Padroado</a>–an arm of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>–to bring the Saint Thomas Christians under the administration of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> and attempts to <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_Latinisation" title="Liturgical Latinisation">Latinize</a> the <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara Rite</a> led to the first of several rifts in the community. These divisions intensified following the 1599 <a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Diamper" title="Synod of Diamper">Synod of Diamper</a>. Saint Thomas Christians who were opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Padroado" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Padroado">Portuguese Padroado</a> missionaries took the <a href="/wiki/Coonan_Cross_Oath" title="Coonan Cross Oath">Coonan Cross Oath</a> on 3 January 1653.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1956100-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaumWinkler2003115-116-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeill2004316-29">[29]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> expulsion of the Portuguese from much of Malabar enabled the reconciliation of some Saint Thomas Christians and the Catholic Church, with this group eventually evolving into the <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar Catholic Church</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Catholic">Eastern Catholic</a> church that adopted the <a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean Catholic Church</a>'s <a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac Rite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dyophysite_Christology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyophysite Christology">Diophysite christology</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malankara_Church">Malankara Church</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Malankara Church" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Church" title="Malankara Church">Malankara Church</a></div> Many Saint Thomas Christian chose to remain independent from the Catholic Church. Patriarch Gregorios Abdal Jaleel, the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Archbishop_of_Jerusalem" title="Syriac Orthodox Archbishop of Jerusalem">Syriac Orthodox Archbishop of Jerusalem</a>, witnessed the 1665 ordination of Thomas as Bishop <a href="/wiki/Thoma_I" title="Thoma I">Thoma I</a>, who forged a renewed relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a> of Antioch and Saint Thomas Christians, which laid the foundation for adopting <a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syrian liturgy</a> and practices over the next two centuries. Those who supported the indigenous church leader of Malankara, Thoma I, and adopted <a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syrian</a> liturgies and practices and <a href="/wiki/Miaphysitism" title="Miaphysitism">Miaphysite</a> faith evolved into the <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Church" title="Malankara Church">Malankara Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVadakkekara200784,_86Frykenberg2008361-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 19th century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Arthat Padiyola declared that the administration of Malankara Church was independent and the bishops from Rome, Antioch, and Babylon had no role in the Malankara Church hierarchy, despite continued efforts to integrate the remaining independent Saint Thomas Christians into these patriarchates. In 1807, four gospels of Holy Bible in Syriac were translated to Malayalam by Kayamkulam Philipose Ramban. The Malankara Orthodox Theological Seminary in Kottayam was established in 1815 under the leadership of Pulikottil Ittup Ramban (Mar Dionysius II). The Mavelikara Synod (Padiyola) led by Cheppad Mar Dionysius rejected the suggestions put forward by Anglican missioneries and Reformation group and declared the beliefs and theology of Malankara Church were same as the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 20th century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril" class="mw-redirect" title="Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril">Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril</a>, who became the Malankara metropolitan bishop in 1908, played a significant role with the other clerical and lay leaders of Malankara in re-establishing the <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_the_East_and_Malankara_Metropolitan" title="Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan">Catholicos of the East</a> in India in 1912. In 1909 the relations with the Syrian Orthodox Church soured, when Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Abded_Aloho_II" title="Ignatius Abded Aloho II">Ignatius Abded Aloho II</a> who arrived in India, began demanding registered deeds granting the patriarch temporal authority over the church. Dionysius rejected the request and thus emerged two factions in the church. The faction that supported the Patriarch came to be called as "Bava Kakshi" (Patriarch Faction) and the faction that supported the Malankara Metropolitan came to be known as "Methran Kakshi" (Metropolitan Faction).<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church wanted to retain its <a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">autocephaly</a>, and appealed to <a href="/wiki/List_of_Syriac_Orthodox_Patriarchs_of_Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch">Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch</a> <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Abdul_Masih_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignatius Abdul Masih II">Ignatius Abdul Masih II</a>. He enthroned Murimattathil Paulose Ivanios as Baselios Paulose I, <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_the_East" title="Catholicos of the East">Catholicos of the East</a>, on the apostolic throne of St. Thomas at St. Mary's Church in <a href="/wiki/Niranam" title="Niranam">Niranam</a> on 15 September 1912.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In 1934, The Malankara Church adopted a constitution for smooth functioning of the church, parishes and institution. In 1947, Saint Gregorios of Parumala was declared as a saint by the Church. In 1952 the Official Residence of the Malankara Metropolitan and the Headquarters of Malankara Church was shifted to Devalokam from Pazhaya Seminary. In 1958, The Supreme Court declared Catholicos Baselios Geevarghese II as the legitimate Malankara Metropolitan. The two factions of the Malankara Orthodox Church rejoined. In 1964, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch participated in the enthronement ceremony of the Catholicos and Malankara Metropolitan, Baselios Augen I. In 1995, the Supreme Court of India declared the MOSC constitution adopted in 1934 was valid.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 21st century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 2002, fresh elections were conducted in Malankara Association under the observation of Supreme Court of India. The Supreme Court declared Catholicos <a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_II" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews II">Baselios Marthoma Mathews II</a> is the official and legitimate Malankara Metropolitan and also declared that this decision cannot be disputed in any platform. In 2003, Vattasheril <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Dionysius VI">Dionysius VI</a> was declared as a saint. In 2012, the centennial of the establishment of the church and Catholicate were celebrated with history classes and church publications.<a href="#cite_note-TOICentennial-38">[38]</a> On 3 July 2017, a major verdict by the Supreme Court of India declared the MOSC legally applicable to all parishes in disputed possession between the MOSC and <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church">Jacobite Syrian Christian Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Hierarchy_and_doctrine">Hierarchy and doctrine</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hierarchy and doctrine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malankara_Metropolitan_Mathews_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Malankara_Metropolitan_Mathews_III.jpg/272px-Malankara_Metropolitan_Mathews_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="411" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4325" data-file-height="6541"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 272px;height: 411px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Malankara_Metropolitan_Mathews_III.jpg/272px-Malankara_Metropolitan_Mathews_III.jpg" data-width="272" data-height="411" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Malankara_Metropolitan_Mathews_III.jpg/408px-Malankara_Metropolitan_Mathews_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Malankara_Metropolitan_Mathews_III.jpg/543px-Malankara_Metropolitan_Mathews_III.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_III" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews III">Baselios Marthoma Mathews III</a> Present Catholicos and Malankara Metropolitan</figcaption></figure> The spiritual head of the church is the Catholicos of the East, and its temporal head is the <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Metropolitan" title="Malankara Metropolitan">Malankara Metropolitan</a>. Since 1934, both titles have been vested in one person; the official title of the head of the church is "The Catholicos of the Apostolic Throne of Saint Thomas and The Malankara Metropolitan". Baselios Marthoma Mathews III was enthroned as the Malankara Metropolitan and the Catholicos of the East. He is the eighth <a href="/wiki/Catholicose_of_the_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicose of the East">Catholicose of the East</a> in Malankara and the 21st <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Metropolitan" title="Malankara Metropolitan">Malankara Metropolitan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox Churches</a>, including the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, accept only the first three <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">ecumenical councils</a>: the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">First Council of Constantinople</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Council of Ephesus</a>. The church, like all other Oriental Orthodox Churches, uses the original <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> without the <a href="/wiki/Filioque_clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Filioque clause">filioque clause</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Like the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a>, it primarily uses the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_James" title="Liturgy of Saint James">liturgy of Saint James</a> in <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and other Indian languages. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liturgy_and_canonical_hours">Liturgy and canonical hours</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Liturgy and canonical hours" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holy_Mass_Celebration_in_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Eucharist celebration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Holy_Mass_Celebration_in_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church.jpg/220px-Holy_Mass_Celebration_in_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="362"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 156px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Holy_Mass_Celebration_in_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church.jpg/220px-Holy_Mass_Celebration_in_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church.jpg" data-alt="Eucharist celebration" data-width="220" data-height="156" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Holy_Mass_Celebration_in_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church.jpg/330px-Holy_Mass_Celebration_in_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Holy_Mass_Celebration_in_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church.jpg/440px-Holy_Mass_Celebration_in_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Eucharist celebration of the church.</figcaption></figure> The church has used the <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara Rite</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochene Rite</a>, since the 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobite Church">Jacobite Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite Church</a> also belong to the same liturgical family. In the first half of the fifth century, the Antiochene church adopted the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_James" title="Liturgy of Saint James">Liturgy of Saint James</a>. In the 4th and 5th centuries, The liturgical language of fourth- and fifth-century Jerusalem and Antioch was Greek, and the original liturgy was composed in Greek. After the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a> in 451, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Church">Eastern Church</a> was divided in two; one group accepted the council, and the other opposed it. Both groups continued to use the Greek version of the Saint James liturgy. The <a href="/wiki/Justin_I" title="Justin I">Byzantine emperor Justin</a> (518–527) expelled the opponents from Antioch, and they took refuge in the Syriac-speaking <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> on the Roman–Persian border (modern eastern Syria, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, and southeastern Turkey). The Antiochene liturgical rites were gradually translated into Syriac, and <a href="/wiki/Syriac_sacral_music" title="Syriac sacral music">Syriac hymns</a> were introduced. Gregorios Abdal Jaleel came to Malankara from Jerusalem in 1665 and introduced Syriac Orthodox liturgical rites. The most striking characteristic of the Antiochene liturgy is its large number of <a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(liturgy)" title="Anaphora (liturgy)">anaphoras</a> (celebrations of the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a>). About eighty are known, and about a dozen are used in India. All have been composed following the Liturgy of Saint James.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Christians of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church pray the <a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">canonical hours</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Shehimo" title="Shehimo">Shehimo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fixed_prayer_times" title="Fixed prayer times">fixed prayer times</a> seven times a day.<a href="#cite_note-Kurian2020-44">[44]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Addai_and_Mari" title="Liturgy of Addai and Mari">liturgy of Mor Addai</a> is still in use, in anaphora form, similar to the Maronite Sharar. The <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_John_Chrysostom" title="Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom">anaphora of St. John Chrysostom</a> is sometimes used. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saints">Saints</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Saints" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> In conformity with other <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox churches</a>, and also with the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>, the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church adheres to the tradition of seeking the <a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_saints" title="Intercession of saints">intercession of saints</a>. Several have been <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonized</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Gregorios_of_Parumala" class="mw-redirect" title="Geevarghese Gregorios of Parumala">Geevarghese Gregorios of Parumala</a>: Entombed in <a href="/wiki/St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church,_Parumala" title="St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala">St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala</a>, and canonized by Geevarghese II in 1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Yeldo" title="Baselios Yeldo">Baselios Yeldo</a>: Entombed in <a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Church,_Kothamangalam" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Thomas Church, Kothamangalam">St. Thomas Church, Kothamangalam</a>, and canonised by Geevarghese II in 1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril" class="mw-redirect" title="Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril">Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril</a>: Entombed in the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Theological_Seminary,_Kottayam" title="Orthodox Theological Seminary, Kottayam">Orthodox Theological Seminary, Kottayam</a>, and canonized by Mathews II in 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Francisco_Xavier_Alvares" title="Antonio Francisco Xavier Alvares">Antonio Francisco Xavier Alvares</a>: Entombed in St. Mary's Orthodox Church, Ribandar, and declared a regional saint by Paulose II in 2015. (Not officially canonized a saint)<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr._Roque_Zephrin_Noronah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fr. Roque Zephrin Noronah (page does not exist)">Fr. Roque Zephrin Noronah</a>: Entombed in St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Brahmavar, and declared a regional saint by Paulose II in 2015 (Not officially canonized a saint)<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 156.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 154.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Ravi_Varma,_Gheevarghese_Mar_Gregorios_of_Parumala_(1905).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Geevarghese Gregorios of Parumala"><noscript><img alt="Painted icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Gheevarghese_Mar_Gregorios_of_Parumala_%281905%29.jpg/232px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Gheevarghese_Mar_Gregorios_of_Parumala_%281905%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="230" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="478"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 155px;height: 230px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Gheevarghese_Mar_Gregorios_of_Parumala_%281905%29.jpg/232px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Gheevarghese_Mar_Gregorios_of_Parumala_%281905%29.jpg" data-alt="Painted icon" data-width="155" data-height="230" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Gheevarghese_Mar_Gregorios_of_Parumala_%281905%29.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 135px"><div class="gallerytext">Geevarghese Gregorios of Parumala</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 163.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 161.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Geevarghese_Mar_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril"><noscript><img alt="Another icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Geevarghese_Mar_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril.jpg/242px-Geevarghese_Mar_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="230" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="396"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 162px;height: 230px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Geevarghese_Mar_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril.jpg/242px-Geevarghese_Mar_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril.jpg" data-alt="Another icon" data-width="162" data-height="230" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Geevarghese_Mar_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 142px"><div class="gallerytext">Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Juliusthirumeni.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Antonio Francisco Xavier Alvares"><noscript><img alt="Another icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Juliusthirumeni.jpg/274px-Juliusthirumeni.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="230" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="292" data-file-height="367"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 183px;height: 230px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Juliusthirumeni.jpg/274px-Juliusthirumeni.jpg" data-alt="Another icon" data-width="183" data-height="230" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Juliusthirumeni.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 163px"><div class="gallerytext">Antonio Francisco Xavier Alvares</div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan">Metropolitan</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Metropolitan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The temporal, ecclesiastical and spiritual administration of the church is vested in the <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Metropolitan" title="Malankara Metropolitan">Malankara Metropolitan</a>, subject to the church constitution which was adopted in 1934.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The Malankara Metropolitan is president of the Malankara Syrian Christian Association (Malankara Association) and its managing committee, and trustee of community properties. He is the custodian of the Pazhaya Seminary and other common properties of Malankara Syrian Community. He is also the custodian of vattipanam interest which was deposited in Travancore Government by Marthoma VII. He is elected by the Malankara association. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="List_of_Malankara_metropolitans">List of Malankara metropolitans</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: List of Malankara metropolitans" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Thoma_I" title="Thoma I">Thoma I</a> (1653–1670)<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoma_II" title="Thoma II">Thoma II</a> (1670–1686)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoma_III" title="Thoma III">Thoma III</a> (1686–1688)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoma_IV" title="Thoma IV">Thoma IV</a> (1688–1728)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoma_V" title="Thoma V">Thoma V</a> (1728–1765)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_I,_Metropolitan_of_Malankara" title="Dionysius I, Metropolitan of Malankara">Thoma VI</a> (1765–1808)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoma_VII" title="Thoma VII">Thoma VII</a> (1808–1809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoma_VIII" title="Thoma VIII">Thoma VIII</a> (1809–1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoma_IX" title="Thoma IX">Thoma IX</a> (1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulikkottil_Dionysius_II" title="Pulikkottil Dionysius II">Dionysius II</a> (1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punnathra_Dionysius_III" title="Punnathra Dionysius III">Dionysius III</a> (1817–1825)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_IV_of_Cheppad" title="Dionysius IV of Cheppad">Dionysius IV</a> (1825–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathews_Athanasius" title="Mathews Athanasius">Mathews Athanasius</a> (1852–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysious_V" title="Dionysious V">Dionysius V</a> (1865–1909)<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril" class="mw-redirect" title="Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril">Dionysius VI</a> (1909–1934)<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Geevarghese_II" title="Baselios Geevarghese II">Geevarghese II</a> (1934–1964)<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> From 1934 Malankara Metropolitan also holds the office of <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_the_East" title="Catholicos of the East">Catholicos of the East</a> of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Augen_I" title="Baselios Augen I">Augen I</a> (1964–1975), also Catholicos of the East</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_I" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews I">Mathews I</a> (1975–1991), also Catholicos of the East</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_II" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews II">Mathews II</a> (1991–2005),<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> also Catholicos of the East</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Didymos_I" title="Baselios Marthoma Didymos I">Didymos I</a> (2005–2010), also Catholicos of the East</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulose_II_(Indian_Orthodox_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulose II (Indian Orthodox Church)">Paulose II</a> (2010–2021), also Catholicos of the East</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_III" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews III">Mathews III</a> (15 October 2021 – present), also Catholicos of the East<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catholicate">Catholicate</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Catholicate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> "Catholicos" means "the general head", and can be considered equivalent to "universal bishop."<a href="#cite_note-Catholicate-55">[55]</a> The early church had three priestly ranks: episcopos (bishop), priest and deacon. By the end of the third century, bishops of important cities in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> became known as metropolitans. The fourth-century ecumenical councils recognized the authority of the metropolitan. By the fifth century, the bishops of Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria and Antioch gained control of the churches in surrounding cities.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> They gradually became the heads of the regional churches, and were known as patriarchs (common father). Outside the Roman Empire, patriarchs were known as catholicos. There were four catholicates before the fifth century: the Catholicate of the East, the Catholicate of Armenia, the Catholicate of Georgia and the Catholicate of Albania. The archdeacons reigned from the fourth to the 16th centuries; in 1653, the archdeacon was elevated to bishop by the community as Mar Thoma I. The Catholicate of the East was relocated to India in 1912, and <a href="/wiki/Baselios_Paulose_I" title="Baselios Paulose I">Baselios Paulose I</a> was seated on the apostolic throne of St. Thomas as the Catholicos of the East by the disposed Patriarch of Antioch Abdul Masih. The headquarters of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church and the Catholicos of the East is the Catholicate Palace at Devalokam, <a href="/wiki/Kottayam" title="Kottayam">Kottayam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, which was consecrated on 31 December 1951. The new palace, built in 1961, was dedicated by visiting Armenian Catholicos <a href="/wiki/Vazgen_I" title="Vazgen I">Vazgen I</a>. The Holy Synod and Managing committee designated H.G.Dr. Mathews Mor Severios to the new Malankara Metropolitan and Catholicos of Malankara Church succeeding Baselios Marthoma Paulose II. He was consecrated as the 22nd Malankara Metropolitan during the Malankara Association that took place on 14 October 2021 at St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala and enthroned as the 9th Catholicos of Malankara Church on 15 October 2021.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">Relics</a> of St. Thomas are kept in the catholicate chapel, and <a href="/wiki/Baselios_Geevarghese_II" title="Baselios Geevarghese II">Geevarghese II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baselios_Augen_I" title="Baselios Augen I">Augen I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_I" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews I">Mathews I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paulose_II_(Indian_Orthodox_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulose II (Indian Orthodox Church)">Paulose II</a> are interred there. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="List_of_Catholicos_of_the_East_of_the_Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church">List of Catholicos of the East of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: List of Catholicos of the East of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The list of <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_the_East" title="Catholicos of the East">Catholicos of the East</a> of Malankara Church: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Paulose_I" title="Baselios Paulose I">Baselios Paulose I</a> (1912–1914) <ul><li>Vacant (1914–1925)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Geevarghese_I" title="Baselios Geevarghese I">Baselios Geevarghese I</a> (1925–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Geevarghese_II" title="Baselios Geevarghese II">Baselios Geevarghese II</a> (1929–1964) <ul><li>From 1934 Catholicos is also holding the office of <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Metropolitan" title="Malankara Metropolitan">Malankara Metropolitan</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Augen_I" title="Baselios Augen I">Baselios Augen I</a> (1964–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_I" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews I">Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews I</a> (1975–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_II" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews II">Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews II</a> (1991–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Didymos_I" title="Baselios Marthoma Didymos I">Baselios Mar Thoma Didymos I</a> (2005–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Paulose_II" title="Baselios Marthoma Paulose II">Baselios Mar Thoma Paulose II</a> (2010–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_III" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews III">Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews III</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Until the 17th century, the church was administered by the archdeacon (Malankara Moopan).<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> The elected archdeacon was in charge of day-to-day affairs, including the ordination of deacons to the priesthood. Ordinations were performed by Persian bishops visiting India. The Malankara Palliyogam (a forerunner of the Malankara Association) consisted of elected representatives from individual parishes. The isolation of the Malankara church from the rest of <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a> preserved the apostolic age's democratic nature through interactions with Portuguese (Roman Catholic) and British (Anglican) colonialists. From the 17th to the 20th centuries, the church had five pillars of administration: <ul><li>The Episcopal Synod, presided over by the Catholicos of the East</li> <li>The Malankara Association, presided by <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Metropolitan" title="Malankara Metropolitan">Malankara Metropolitan</a></li> <li>Three trustees: the Malankara metropolitan and <a href="/wiki/Priest_Trustee" title="Priest Trustee">priest</a> and lay trustees</li> <li>The Malankara Association's managing and working committees<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1934_church_constitution">1934 church constitution</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 1934 church constitution" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Envisioned by Dionysius VI, the church's general and day-to-day administration was codified in its 1934 constitution. The constitution<a href="#cite_note-mosc-61">[61]</a> was presented at the 26 December 1934 Malankara Christian Association meeting at M. D. Seminary,<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> adopted and enacted. It has been amended three times. Although the constitution was challenged in court by dissident supporters of the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Antioch" title="Patriarch of Antioch">Patriarch of Antioch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court</a> rulings in 1958, 1995, 2017 and 2018 upheld its validity.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> The constitution's first article asserts the relationship between the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a> and the Malankara Church. The second article addresses the establishment of the Malankara Church by St. Thomas and ascribes primacy to the <a href="/wiki/Catholicos" title="Catholicos">Catholicos</a>. The third article regards the church's name. The fourth article describes the faith and its traditions. The fifth article examines church governance <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">canon law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malankara_Association">Malankara Association</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Malankara Association" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The elected Malankara Association, consisting of parish members, manages the church's religious and social concerns. Formerly the Malankara Palli-yogam (മലങ്കര പള്ളി യോഗം; Malankara Parish Assembly, its modern form is believed to have been founded in 1873 as the Mulanthuruthy Synod, a gathering of parish representatives in <a href="/wiki/Parumala" title="Parumala">Parumala</a>. In 1876, the Malankara Association began.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> The church constitution outlines the association's powers and responsibilities. The <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_the_East_and_Malankara_Metropolitan" title="Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan">Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan</a> is the president, and the diocesan <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">metropolitan bishops</a> are vice-presidents. All positions are elected. Each parish is represented in the association by an elected priest and laypeople, proportional to parish-membership size. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Co-trustees">Co-trustees</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Co-trustees" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> This is a list of co-trustees (<a href="/wiki/Priest_Trustee" title="Priest Trustee">priest trustee</a> & lay trustee) elected by the Malankara Association of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church:<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 10%; color: #000000;">Year of Election </th> <th style="background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 20%; color: #000000;">Clergy Trustee </th> <th style="background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 20%; color: #000000;">Duration </th> <th style="background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 20%; color: #000000;">Lay Trustee </th> <th style="background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 20%; color: #000000;">Duration </th></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1869 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Punnathra Chacko Chandapilla Kathanar </td> <td style="text-align: center;">21 Oct 1869 – 13 Sep 1886 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Kulangara Ittychan Pailey </td> <td style="text-align: center;">12 Oct 1869 – ? </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1886 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Konat Kora Yohannan Kathanar </td> <td style="text-align: center;">13 Sep 1886 – 9 Mar 1890 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Kunnumpurath Kora Ulahannan, Kottayam </td> <td style="text-align: center;">13 Sep 1886 & 31 Mar 1892 – 24 Feb 1901 </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1892 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Konat Kora Mathan Malpan </td> <td style="text-align: center;">31 Mar 1892 & 23 Nov 1895 – 7 Sep 1911 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">- </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1901 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">- </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">C. J. Kurien (Kunnumpurath Ulahannan Kora), Kottayam </td> <td style="text-align: center;">25 Apr 1901 – 7 Sep 1911 </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1911 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Palappalil Mani Paulose Kathanar Pampakuda </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7 Sep 1911 – 21 Dec 1955 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Chirakadavil Kora Kochu Korula, Kottayam (d. 1931) </td> <td style="text-align: center;">07 Sep 1911 – 31 May 1931 </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1931 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">- </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">E. I Joseph, Kottayam </td> <td style="text-align: center;">10 Jul 1931 – 15 Jul 1946 </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1958 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Manalil Jacob Kathanar </td> <td style="text-align: center;">26 Dec 1958 – 28 Dec 1965 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Ooppoottil Kurien Abraham, Kottayam </td> <td style="text-align: center;">26 Dec 1958 – 12 Dec 1978 </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1965 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Thengumthottathil T. S. Abraham Cor Episcopa </td> <td style="text-align: center;">28 Dec 1965 – 28 Dec 1982 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">- </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1980 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">- </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Padinjarekkara P. C. Abraham, Kottayam </td> <td style="text-align: center;">1 May 1980 – 21 Mar 2007 </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1982 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Konat Abraham Malpan </td> <td style="text-align: center;">28 Dec 1982 – 3 Mar 1987 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">- </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">1987 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Fr. Mathai Nooranal </td> <td style="text-align: center;">29 Dec 1987 – 29 Nov 2002 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">- </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">2004 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Fr. Dr. O. Thomas </td> <td style="text-align: center;">10 Jun 2004 – 21 Mar 2007 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">- </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">2007 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Fr. Johns Abraham Konat </td> <td style="text-align: center;">21 Mar 2007 – 7 Mar 2012 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">M.G. George Muthoot </td> <td style="text-align: center;">21 Mar 2007 – 7 Mar 2012 </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">2012 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Fr. Johns Abraham Konat </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7 Mar 2012 – 1 Mar 2017 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">M.G. George Muthoot </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7 Mar 2012 – 1 Mar 2017 </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">2017 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Fr. Dr. M.O. John </td> <td style="text-align: center;">1 Mar 2017 – 4 Aug 2022 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">George Paul (d. 2019) </td> <td style="text-align: center;">1 Mar 2017 – 26 Nov 2019 </td></tr> <tr valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;"> <td style="text-align: center;">2022 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Fr. Dr. Thomas Varghese Amayil </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4 Aug 2022 – present </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Ronny Varghese Abraham </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4 Aug 2022 – present </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dioceses">Dioceses</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Dioceses" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Dioceses<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Thiruvananthapuram Orthodox Diocese">Thiruvananthapuram Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kollam Orthodox Diocese">Kollam Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottarakkara_Punaloor_Orthodox_Diocese" class="mw-redirect" title="Kottarakkara Punaloor Orthodox Diocese">Kottarakkara Punaloor Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoor_Kadampanad_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Adoor Kadampanad Orthodox Diocese">Adoor Kadampanad Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumpamon_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Thumpamon Orthodox Diocese">Thumpamon Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilakal_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Nilakal Orthodox Diocese">Nilakal Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavelikara_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Mavelikara Orthodox Diocese">Mavelikara Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengannur_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Chengannur Orthodox Diocese">Chengannur Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niranam_Orthodox_Diocese" class="mw-redirect" title="Niranam Orthodox Diocese">Niranam Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayam_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kottayam Orthodox Diocese">Kottayam Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayam_Central_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kottayam Central Orthodox Diocese">Kottayam Central Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idukki_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Idukki Orthodox Diocese">Idukki Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandanad_West_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kandanad West Orthodox Diocese">Kandanad West Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandanad_East_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kandanad East Orthodox Diocese">Kandanad East Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kochi Orthodox Diocese">Kochi Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angamaly_Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Angamaly Malankara Orthodox Diocese">Angamaly Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Thrissur Orthodox Diocese">Thrissur Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnamkulam_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kunnamkulam Orthodox Diocese">Kunnamkulam Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Diocese" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabar Diocese">Malabar Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulthan_Bathery_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Sulthan Bathery Orthodox Diocese">Sulthan Bathery Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmavar_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Brahmavar Orthodox Diocese">Brahmavar Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Bangalore Orthodox Diocese">Bangalore Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madras_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Madras Orthodox Diocese">Madras Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Bombay Orthodox Diocese">Bombay Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Ahmedabad Orthodox Diocese">Ahmedabad Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Delhi Orthodox Diocese">Delhi Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcutta_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Calcutta Orthodox Diocese">Calcutta Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK,_Europe_and_Africa_Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese" title="UK, Europe and Africa Malankara Orthodox Diocese">UK, Europe and Africa Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Northeast_America" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Northeast America">Northeast America Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Southwest_America" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Southwest America">Southwest America Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Canada" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Canada">Canada Diocese</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Asia_Pacific" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Asia Pacific">Asia Pacific Diocese</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li></ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_bishops">Metropolitan bishops</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Metropolitan bishops" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The church's episcopal synod has the following diocesan bishops:<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baselios_Marthoma_Mathews_III" title="Baselios Marthoma Mathews III">Baselios Marthoma Mathews III</a> Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan.<a href="/wiki/Kandanad_West_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kandanad West Orthodox Diocese">Kandanad West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Bangalore Orthodox Diocese">Bangalore Diocese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kottayam_Central_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kottayam Central Orthodox Diocese">Kottayam Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Asia_Pacific" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Asia Pacific">Asia Pacific Diocese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Canada" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Canada">Canada Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Mar_Athanasius_(Malankara_bishop)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Mar Athanasius (Malankara bishop) (page does not exist)">Thomas Athanasius</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Kandanad_East_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kandanad East Orthodox Diocese">Kandanad East Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhanon_Meletius" title="Yuhanon Meletius">Yuhanon Meletius</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Thrissur_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Thrissur Orthodox Diocese">Thrissur Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuriakose_Clemis" title="Kuriakose Clemis">Kuriakose Clemis</a> Valiya Metropolita<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> – Retired</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Coorilose" class="mw-redirect" title="Geevarghese Coorilose">Geevarghese Coorilose</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Bombay Orthodox Diocese">Bombay Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachariah_Nicholovos" title="Zachariah Nicholovos">Zachariah Nicholovos</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Northeast_America" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Northeast America">Northeast America Diocese</a> & Asst. Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Canada" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Canada">Canada Diocese</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakob_Irenios" title="Yakob Irenios">Yakob Irenios</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Kochi_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kochi Orthodox Diocese">Kochi Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Gregorios" title="Gabriel Gregorios">Gabriel Gregorios</a> -Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Thiruvananthapuram Orthodox Diocese">Trivandrum Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhanon_Chrysostamos" title="Yuhanon Chrysostamos">Yuhanon Chrysostamos</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Niranam_Orthodox_Diocese" class="mw-redirect" title="Niranam Orthodox Diocese">Niranam Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhanon_Policarpos" title="Yuhanon Policarpos">Yuhanon Policarpos</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Angamaly_Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Angamaly Malankara Orthodox Diocese">Ankamali Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathews_Theodosius" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathews Theodosius">Mathews Theodosius</a> - On Leave</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dionysius" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Dionysius">Joseph Dionysius</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Kollam_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kollam Orthodox Diocese">Kollam Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Ephiphanios" title="Abraham Ephiphanios">Abraham Ephiphanios</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Mavelikara_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Mavelikara Orthodox Diocese">Mavelikara Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathews_Thimothios" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathews Thimothios">Mathews Thimothios</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Chengannur_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Chengannur Orthodox Diocese">Chengannur Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_Eusebios" title="Alexios Eusebios">Alexios Eusebios</a> - Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Calcutta_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Calcutta Orthodox Diocese">Calcutta Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuhanon_Dioscoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuhanon Dioscoros (page does not exist)">Yuhanon Dioscoros</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Kottayam_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kottayam Orthodox Diocese">Kottayam Diocese</a> & Asst. Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Kottayam_Central_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kottayam Central Orthodox Diocese">Kottayam Central</a>,<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Asia_Pacific" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Asia Pacific">Asia Pacific Diocese</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youhanon_Demetrios" title="Youhanon Demetrios">Youhanon Demetrios</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Delhi Orthodox Diocese">Delhi Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhanon_Thevodoros" title="Yuhanon Thevodoros">Yuhanon Thevodoros</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Kottarakkara_Punalur_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kottarakkara Punalur Orthodox Diocese">Kottarakara–Punalur Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakob_Elias" title="Yakob Elias">Yakob Elias</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Brahmavar_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Brahmavar Orthodox Diocese">Brahmavar Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Nicodemos" title="Joshua Nicodemos">Joshua Nicodemos</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Nilakal_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Nilakal Orthodox Diocese">Nilackal Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacharias_Aprem" title="Zacharias Aprem">Zacharias Aprem</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Adoor_Kadampanad_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Adoor Kadampanad Orthodox Diocese">Adoor–Kadampanadu Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Yulios" title="Geevarghese Yulios">Geevarghese Yulios</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Kunnamkulam_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kunnamkulam Orthodox Diocese">Kunnamkulam Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Seraphim" title="Abraham Seraphim">Abraham Seraphim</a> – Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Thumpamon_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Thumpamon Orthodox Diocese">Thumbamon Diocese</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Stephanos" title="Abraham Stephanos">Abraham Stephanos</a>-Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/UK,_Europe_and_Africa_Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese" title="UK, Europe and Africa Malankara Orthodox Diocese">UK, Europe, Africa Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ivanios" title="Thomas Ivanios">Thomas Ivanios</a>- Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Southwest_America" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Southwest America">Southwest America Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Theophilos" title="Geevarghese Theophilos">Geevarghese Theophilos</a>- Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Ahmedabad Orthodox Diocese">Ahmedabad Diocese</a> & Asst. Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Bombay Orthodox Diocese">Bombay Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Philexinos" title="Geevarghese Philexinos">Geevarghese Philexinos</a>- Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Madras_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Madras Orthodox Diocese">Madras Diocese</a> & Asst. Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Bangalore Orthodox Diocese">Bangalore Diocese</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Pachomios" title="Geevarghese Pachomios">Geevarghese Pachomios</a>- Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Orthodox_Diocese" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabar Orthodox Diocese">Malabar Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Barnabas" title="Geevarghese Barnabas">Geevarghese Barnabas</a>- Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Sulthan_Bathery_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Sulthan Bathery Orthodox Diocese">Sulthan Bathery Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zachariah_Severios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zachariah Severios (page does not exist)">Zachariah Severios</a>- Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Idukki_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Idukki Orthodox Diocese">Idukki Diocese</a> & Asst. Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Kandanad_West_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kandanad West Orthodox Diocese">Kandanad West Diocese</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Churches_with_historical_importance">Churches with historical importance</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Churches with historical importance" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Parumala_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Parumala_Church.jpg/200px-Parumala_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3098" data-file-height="2065"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Parumala_Church.jpg/200px-Parumala_Church.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Parumala_Church.jpg/300px-Parumala_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Parumala_Church.jpg/400px-Parumala_Church.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church,_Parumala" title="St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala">St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF.jpg/200px-%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF.jpg/200px-%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF.jpg/300px-%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF.jpg/400px-%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Church,_Niranam" title="St. Mary's Church, Niranam">St. Mary's Church, Niranam</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Arappally02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Arappally02.jpg/200px-Arappally02.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="235"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Arappally02.jpg/200px-Arappally02.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Arappally02.jpg/300px-Arappally02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Arappally02.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Church,_Thiruvithamcode" title="St. Mary's Church, Thiruvithamcode">St. Mary's Church, Thiruvithamcode</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Chengannur_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Chengannur_2.JPG/200px-Chengannur_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Chengannur_2.JPG/200px-Chengannur_2.JPG" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Chengannur_2.JPG/300px-Chengannur_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Chengannur_2.JPG/400px-Chengannur_2.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Old_Syrian_Church,_Chengannur" title="Old Syrian Church, Chengannur">Old Syrian Church, Chengannur</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Vettickal_Dayara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Vettickal_Dayara.jpg/200px-Vettickal_Dayara.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3435" data-file-height="2367"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 138px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Vettickal_Dayara.jpg/200px-Vettickal_Dayara.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="138" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Vettickal_Dayara.jpg/300px-Vettickal_Dayara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Vettickal_Dayara.jpg/400px-Vettickal_Dayara.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/St.Thomas_Dayara,_Vettikkal" class="mw-redirect" title="St.Thomas Dayara, Vettikkal">St.Thomas Dayara, Vettikkal</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:St_George_Church_Kochi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/St_George_Church_Kochi.jpg/200px-St_George_Church_Kochi.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/St_George_Church_Kochi.jpg/200px-St_George_Church_Kochi.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/St_George_Church_Kochi.jpg/300px-St_George_Church_Kochi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/St_George_Church_Kochi.jpg/400px-St_George_Church_Kochi.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/St_George_Orthodox_Koonan_Kurishu_Old_Syrian_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="St George Orthodox Koonan Kurishu Old Syrian Church">St George Orthodox Koonan Kurishu Old Syrian Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mattancherry" title="Mattancherry">Mattancherry</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:StGeorgeOrthodoxChurch_Puthuppalli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/StGeorgeOrthodoxChurch_Puthuppalli.jpg/200px-StGeorgeOrthodoxChurch_Puthuppalli.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/StGeorgeOrthodoxChurch_Puthuppalli.jpg/200px-StGeorgeOrthodoxChurch_Puthuppalli.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/StGeorgeOrthodoxChurch_Puthuppalli.jpg/300px-StGeorgeOrthodoxChurch_Puthuppalli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/StGeorgeOrthodoxChurch_Puthuppalli.jpg/400px-StGeorgeOrthodoxChurch_Puthuppalli.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/St._George_Orthodox_Church,_Puthuppally" title="St. George Orthodox Church, Puthuppally">St. George Orthodox Church, Puthuppally</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Chandanappally_Valiyapally.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chandanappally_Valiyapally.jpg/200px-Chandanappally_Valiyapally.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="8672" data-file-height="5784"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chandanappally_Valiyapally.jpg/200px-Chandanappally_Valiyapally.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chandanappally_Valiyapally.jpg/300px-Chandanappally_Valiyapally.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chandanappally_Valiyapally.jpg/400px-Chandanappally_Valiyapally.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Church,_Chandanapally" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George's Church, Chandanapally">St. George's Church, Chandanapally</a></div></div></div></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church,_Parumala" title="St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala">St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George_Orthodox_Church,_Chandanapally" title="St. George Orthodox Church, Chandanapally">St. George's Church, Chandanapally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Orthodox_Cathedral,_Arthat" title="St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Arthat">St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Arthat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Church,_Thiruvithamcode" title="St. Mary's Church, Thiruvithamcode">St. Mary's Church, Thiruvithamcode</a>, established by Apostle Saint Thomas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Church,_Niranam" title="St. Mary's Church, Niranam">St. Mary's Church, Niranam</a>, established by Apostle Saint Thomas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%E2%80%99s_Orthodox_Cathedral,_Puthencavu" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary’s Orthodox Cathedral, Puthencavu">St. Mary’s Orthodox Cathedral, Puthencavu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Beshanania_Orthodox_Church,_Vanchithra,_Kozhencherry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mar Beshanania Orthodox Church, Vanchithra, Kozhencherry (page does not exist)">Mar Beshanania Orthodox Church, Vanchithra, Kozhencherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Orthodox_Cathedral,_Pazhanji" title="St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Pazhanji">St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Pazhanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Church,_Kottayam" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's Church, Kottayam">St. Mary's Church, Kottayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallada" title="Kallada">Kallada</a><a href="/wiki/Valiyapally" title="Valiyapally">Valiyapally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundara" title="Kundara">Kundara</a><a href="/wiki/Valiyapally" title="Valiyapally">Valiyapally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Orthodox_Syrian_Cathedral,_Mulanthuruthy" title="St. Thomas Orthodox Syrian Cathedral, Mulanthuruthy">St. Thomas Orthodox Syrian Cathedral, Mulanthuruthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumpamon_Valiya_Pally" class="mw-redirect" title="Thumpamon Valiya Pally">Thumpamon Valiya Pally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bazar_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="South Bazar Church">Ambalam Pally, Kunnamkulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thevalakkara" title="Thevalakkara">Thevalakkara</a> <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karthikappally" title="Karthikappally">Kottakkakathu Old Syrian Church, Karthikappally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George_Orthodox_Church,_Puthuppally" title="St. George Orthodox Church, Puthuppally">Puthuppally Pally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Orthodox_Cathedral,_Kandanad" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Kandanad">St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Kandanad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._George_Orthodox_Valiyapally,_Mylapra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. George Orthodox Valiyapally, Mylapra (page does not exist)">St. George Orthodox Valiyapally, Mylapra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Orthodox_Cathedral,_Kadampanad" title="St. Thomas Orthodox Cathedral, Kadampanad">St. Thomas Orthodox Cathedral, Kadampanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church,_Kolenchery" title="St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Kolenchery">St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Kolenchery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George_Orthodox_Church,_Cheppad" title="St. George Orthodox Church, Cheppad">St. George Orthodox Church, Cheppad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Orthodox_Syrian_Cathedral,_Piravom" title="St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Cathedral, Piravom">St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Cathedral, Piravom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Church,_Kadamattom" title="St. George's Church, Kadamattom">St. George's Church, Kadamattom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Orthodox_Church,_Kallooppara" title="St Mary's Orthodox Church, Kallooppara">St Mary's Orthodox Church, Kallooppara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Church,_Chandanapally" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George's Church, Chandanapally">St. George's Church, Chandanapally</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Mary%E2%80%99s_Orthodox_Cathedral,_Puthiyacavu_Mavelikara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Mary’s Orthodox Cathedral, Puthiyacavu Mavelikara (page does not exist)">St. Mary’s Orthodox Cathedral, Puthiyacavu Mavelikara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Syrian_Church,_Chengannur" title="Old Syrian Church, Chengannur">Old Syrian Church, Chengannur</a></li> <li>St. Stephen's Orthodox Cathedral, Kudassanad</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadeesa_Orthodox_Cathedral,_Kayamkulam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadeesa Orthodox Cathedral, Kayamkulam (page does not exist)">Kadeesa Orthodox Cathedral, Kayamkulam</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Monasteries_and_convents">Monasteries and convents</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Monasteries and convents" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_Thomas,_Vettikkal" title="Monastery of Saint Thomas, Vettikkal">Monastery of Saint Thomas, Vettikkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor_Monastery,_Pathanapuram" title="Mount Tabor Monastery, Pathanapuram">Mount Tabor Monastery, Pathanapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bethany_Ashram" title="The Bethany Ashram">The Bethany Ashram</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Spiritual_organizations">Spiritual organizations</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Spiritual organizations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> The church has a number of spiritual organizations: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Orthodox Syrian Sunday School Association of the East (OSSAE)<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li> <li>Orthodox Christian Youth Movement (OCYM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Gregorios_Orthodox_Christian_Student_Movement" title="Mar Gregorios Orthodox Christian Student Movement">Mar Gregorios Orthodox Christian Student Movement</a> (MGOCSM)<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></li> <li>Divyabodhanam (Theological Education Programme for the Laity)</li> <li>St. Paul's & St.Thomas Suvishesha Sangam (National Association for Mission Studies)</li> <li>Orthodox Sabha Gayaka Sangham</li> <li>Malankara Orthodox Baskiyoma Association</li> <li>Servants of the Cross</li> <li>Akhila Malankara Prayer Group Association</li> <li>Akhila Malankara Orthodox Shusrushaka Sangham (AMOSS)</li> <li>Mission Board and Mission Society</li> <li>Ministry of Human Empowerment</li> <li>Akhila Malankara Balasamajam</li> <li>St. Thomas Orthodox Vaidika Sanghom</li> <li>Marth Mariam Vanitha Samajam (women's wing)</li> <li>Sruti School of Liturgical Music</li> <li>Ecological Commission</li> <li>Ardra Charitable Trust<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Seminaries">Seminaries</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Seminaries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> The two seminaries which offers bachelor's and master's degrees in theology are <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Theological_Seminary,_Kottayam" title="Orthodox Theological Seminary, Kottayam">Orthodox Theological Seminary, Kottayam</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Orthodox_Theological_Seminary,_Nagpur" title="St. Thomas Orthodox Theological Seminary, Nagpur">St. Thomas Orthodox Theological Seminary, Nagpur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The Malankara Orthodox Seminary at Kottayam is the first Orthodox Seminary in Asia established in year 1815. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Ecumenical_relations">Ecumenical relations</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ecumenical relations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> The church was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Catholicos Geevarghese II and other metropolitan participated in the 1937 Conference on Faith and Order in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>; a church delegation participated in the 1948 WCC meeting in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> in 1948, and the church played a role in the 1961 WCC conference in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>. Metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Paulos_Gregorios" title="Paulos Gregorios">Paulos Gregorios</a> was president of the WCC from 1983 to 1991. The church participated in the 1965 Conference of Oriental Orthodox Churches in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> It is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Faith_and_Order_Commission" title="Faith and Order Commission">Faith and Order Commission</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Conference_of_Asia" title="Christian Conference of Asia">Christian Conference of Asia</a> and the Global Christian Forum. A number of primates of sister churches have visited, including <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Justinian_of_Romania" title="Patriarch Justinian of Romania">Patriarch Justinian of Romania</a> in February 1957 and in January 1969; <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_All_Armenians" title="Catholicos of All Armenians">Catholicos of All Armenians</a> <a href="/wiki/Vazgen_I" title="Vazgen I">Vazgen I</a> in December 1963; Armenian Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Yeghishe_Derderian_of_Jerusalem" title="Yeghishe Derderian of Jerusalem">Derderian</a> of Jerusalem in December 1972; <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Pimen_I_of_Moscow" title="Patriarch Pimen I of Moscow">Patriarch Pimen I of Moscow</a> in January 1977; <a href="/wiki/Catholicos-Patriarch_of_All_Georgia" title="Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia">Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia</a> <a href="/wiki/Ilia_II_of_Georgia" title="Ilia II of Georgia">Ilia II</a> in September 1982; Archbishop of Canterbury <a href="/wiki/Robert_Runcie" title="Robert Runcie">Robert Runcie</a> in 1986, Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Teoctist_Ar%C4%83pa%C8%99u" title="Teoctist Arăpașu">Teoctist Arăpașu</a> of Romania in 1989; <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople</a> <a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_I_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartholomew I of Constantinople">Bartholomew I</a> in November 2000; Metropolitan (later Patriarch) <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Kirill_of_Moscow" title="Patriarch Kirill of Moscow">Kirill</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> in December 2006; <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_All_Armenians" title="Catholicos of All Armenians">Catholicos of All Armenians</a> <a href="/wiki/Karekin_II" title="Karekin II">Karekin II</a> in November 2008, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Abunas_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Abunas of Ethiopia">Patriarch of Ethiopia</a> <a href="/wiki/Abune_Paulos" title="Abune Paulos">Abune Paulos</a> in December 2008; the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See_of_Cilicia" title="Holy See of Cilicia">Armenian Catholicos of Cilicia</a> <a href="/wiki/Aram_I" title="Aram I">Aram I Keshishian</a> in February 2010, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Abunas_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Abunas of Ethiopia">Patriarch of Ethiopia</a> <a href="/wiki/Abune_Mathias" title="Abune Mathias">Abune Mathias</a> in November 2016. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Order_of_St._Thomas">Order of St. Thomas</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Order of St. Thomas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Thomas_(award)" title="Order of St. Thomas (award)">Order of St. Thomas</a>, the church's highest award is presented to heads of state and churches by the <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_the_East_and_Malankara_Metropolitan" title="Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan">Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan</a>. Recipients include <a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_I_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartholomew I of Constantinople">Bartholomew I of Constantinople</a>, Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians <a href="/wiki/Karekin_II" title="Karekin II">Karekin II</a>, Patriarch of Ethiopia <a href="/wiki/Abune_Paulos" title="Abune Paulos">Abune Paulos</a>, Armenian Catholicos of Cilicia <a href="/wiki/Aram_I" title="Aram I">Aram I</a>, and Patriarch of Ethiopia <a href="/wiki/Abune_Mathias" title="Abune Mathias">Abune Mathias</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section 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.reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AutoD-1"><a href="#cite_ref-AutoD_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://smiocbristol.org/vattasseril-thirumeni">"St. Vattasseril Geevarghese Mar Dionysios"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pilning" title="Pilning">Pilning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>: St. Mary's Indian Orthodox. Retrieved 5 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Vattasseril+Geevarghese+Mar+Dionysios&rft.place=Pilning%2C+Bristol&rft.pub=St.+Mary%27s+Indian+Orthodox&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsmiocbristol.org%2Fvattasseril-thirumeni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dissident-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dissident_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dissident_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAttwater,_Donald1937" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Attwater" title="Donald Attwater">Attwater, Donald</a> (1937). The Dissident Eastern Churches. <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>: Bruce Publishing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dissident+Eastern+Churches&rft.place=Milwaukee&rft.pub=Bruce+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1937&rft.au=Attwater%2C+Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gorgias-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gorgias_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gorgias_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gorgias_3-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrock,_Sebastian_P.2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Brock" title="Sebastian Brock">Brock, Sebastian P.</a> (2018). "Thomas Christians". In Mardutho, Beth (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Thomas-Christians">Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gorgias_Press" title="Gorgias Press">Gorgias Press</a>. Retrieved 9 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Thomas+Christians&rft.btitle=Gorgias+Encyclopedic+Dictionary+of+the+Syriac+Heritage%3A+Electronic+Edition&rft.pub=Gorgias+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.au=Brock%2C+Sebastian+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgedsh.bethmardutho.org%2FThomas-Christians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WCC-4"><a href="#cite_ref-WCC_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLosskyBoninoPobee1991" class="citation book cs1">Lossky, Nicholas; Bonino, José Miguez; Pobee, John, eds. (1991). "Oriental Orthodox Churches". Dictionary of the Ecumenical Movement. <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>: <a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a>. p. 756-757.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Oriental+Orthodox+Churches&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+the+Ecumenical+Movement&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pages=756-757&rft.pub=World+Council+of+Churches&rft.date=1991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinkler2019" class="citation book cs1">Winkler, Dietmar W. (2019). "The Syriac Church Denominations: An overview". In King, Daniel (ed.). The Syriac World. Routledge. pp. 130–131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Syriac+Church+Denominations%3A+An+overview&rft.btitle=The+Syriac+World&rft.pages=130-131&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Winkler&rft.aufirst=Dietmar+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNEWA-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNEWA_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNEWA_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cnewa.org/eastern-christian-churches/oriental-orthodox-churches/the-malankara-orthodox-syrian-church/">"The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Near_East_Welfare_Association" title="Catholic Near East Welfare Association">Catholic Near East Welfare Association</a>. Retrieved 9 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church&rft.pub=Catholic+Near+East+Welfare+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcnewa.org%2Feastern-christian-churches%2Foriental-orthodox-churches%2Fthe-malankara-orthodox-syrian-church%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CEC-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CEC_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CEC_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAttwater,_Donald1935" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Attwater" title="Donald Attwater">Attwater, Donald</a> (1935). "The Malankarese". The Catholic Eastern Churches (1937 revised ed.). <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>: Bruce Publishing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Malankarese&rft.btitle=The+Catholic+Eastern+Churches&rft.place=Milwaukee&rft.edition=1937+revised&rft.pub=Bruce+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1935&rft.au=Attwater%2C+Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Population_kerala_pdf-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Population_kerala_pdf_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZachariah2016" class="citation web cs1">Zachariah, K.C. (April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220611195258/http://14.139.171.199:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/87/WP468.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">"Religious denominations of Kerala"</a> (PDF). Kerala: Centre for Development Studies (CDS). Working paper 468. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://14.139.171.199:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/87/WP468.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">the original</a> (PDF) on 11 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religious+denominations+of+Kerala&rft.place=Kerala&rft.pub=Centre+for+Development+Studies+%28CDS%29&rft.date=2016-04&rft.aulast=Zachariah&rft.aufirst=K.C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F14.139.171.199%3A8080%2Fxmlui%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F87%2FWP468.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Arthur_Russell2010" class="citation book cs1">Thomas Arthur Russell (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FmMarHDbglgC&pg=PT40">Comparative Christianity: A Student's Guide to a Religion and Its Diverse Traditions</a>. Universal-Publishers. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59942-877-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59942-877-2"><bdi>978-1-59942-877-2</bdi></a>. <q>The Malankara Orthodox Church of India(also called by a variety of names, such as the Malankara Church). It is located in Kerala, India.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparative+Christianity%3A+A+Student%27s+Guide+to+a+Religion+and+Its+Diverse+Traditions&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Universal-Publishers&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59942-877-2&rft.au=Thomas+Arthur+Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFmMarHDbglgC%26pg%3DPT40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neamericandiocese.org/index.aspx">"Home"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Northeast_America" title="Malankara Orthodox Diocese of Northeast America">Northeast American Diocese of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a>. Retrieved 20 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Northeast+American+Diocese+of+the+Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neamericandiocese.org%2Findex.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnAnthony_McGuckin2010" class="citation book cs1">John; Anthony McGuckin (November 2010). The Encyclopedia Of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, 2 Volume Set. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwells. p. 878. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-9254-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-9254-8"><bdi>978-1-4443-9254-8</bdi></a>. <q>The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, also known as Indian Orthodox Church also Malankara Church, is one of the major and oldest churches in the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+Of+Eastern+Orthodox+Christianity%2C+2+Volume+Set&rft.place=West+Sussex&rft.pages=878&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwells&rft.date=2010-11&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-9254-8&rft.au=John&rft.au=Anthony+McGuckin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucian_N._Leustean2010" class="citation book cs1">Lucian N. Leustean (2010). Eastern Christianity and the Cold War, 1945–91. New York: Routeledge Taylor & Francis Group. p. 317. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-86594-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-86594-1"><bdi>978-0-203-86594-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Christianity+and+the+Cold+War%2C+1945%E2%80%9391&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=317&rft.pub=Routeledge+Taylor+%26+Francis+Group&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-203-86594-1&rft.au=Lucian+N.+Leustean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFahlbuschLochmanMbitiPelikan2010" class="citation book cs1">Fahlbusch; Lochman; Mbiti; Pelikan (November 2010). The Encyclopedia Of Christianity, Volume 5 S-Z. Gittingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck&Rupercht. p. 285. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2417-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2417-2"><bdi>978-0-8028-2417-2</bdi></a>. <q>The autocephalous Malankara Orthodox Church is governed by Holy Episcopal Synod of 24 Bishops presided over by His Holiness Moran Mar Baselios Mar Thoma Didimos Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+Of+Christianity%2C+Volume+5+S-Z&rft.place=Gittingen%2C+Germany&rft.pages=285&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck%26Rupercht&rft.date=2010-11&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2417-2&rft.au=Fahlbusch&rft.au=Lochman&rft.au=Mbiti&rft.au=Pelikan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Erwin_Fahlbusch-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Erwin_Fahlbusch_14-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lZUBZlth2qgC&q=Muziris">The Encyclopedia of Christianity, Volume 5</a> by Erwin Fahlbusch. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing – 2008. p. 285. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2417-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2417-2">978-0-8028-2417-2</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-:ConstitutionMOSC-15"><a href="#cite_ref-:ConstitutionMOSC_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" class="citation book cs1">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/moscconstitutionenglish">The Constitution of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church in English</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Constitution+of+the+Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church+in+English&rft.au=Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmoscconstitutionenglish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FirstPost-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FirstPost_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFP_Staff2019" class="citation web cs1">FP Staff (27 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstpost.com/india/malankara-church-row-all-you-need-to-know-about-century-old-dispute-behind-high-drama-between-jacobite-orthodox-factions-in-kerala-7414211.html">"Malankara church row: All you need to know about century-old dispute between Jacobite, Orthodox factions in Kerala"</a>. FirstPost. Retrieved 27 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FirstPost&rft.atitle=Malankara+church+row%3A+All+you+need+to+know+about+century-old+dispute+between+Jacobite%2C+Orthodox+factions+in+Kerala&rft.date=2019-09-27&rft.au=FP+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstpost.com%2Findia%2Fmalankara-church-row-all-you-need-to-know-about-century-old-dispute-behind-high-drama-between-jacobite-orthodox-factions-in-kerala-7414211.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinkler199733-40-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinkler199733-40_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWinkler1997">Winkler 1997</a>, p. 33-40. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrock201645–52-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrock201645%E2%80%9352_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrock2016">Brock 2016</a>, p. 45–52. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity by Ken Parry 2009 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4443-3361-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-4443-3361-5">1-4443-3361-5</a> page 88 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fWp9JA3aBvcC&dq=Miaphysitism&pg=PA88">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07218b.htm">"Catholic Encyclopedia: Henoticon"</a>. Newadvent.org. 1 June 1910. Retrieved 30 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia%3A+Henoticon&rft.pub=Newadvent.org&rft.date=1910-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F07218b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MOSCGorgias-21"><a href="#cite_ref-MOSCGorgias_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarghese2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Baby_Varghese" title="Baby Varghese">Varghese, Baby</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Malankara-Orthodox-Syrian-Church">"Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church"</a>. In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts; George A. Kiraz; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.). Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition. <a href="/wiki/Gorgias_Press" title="Gorgias Press">Gorgias Press</a>. Retrieved 22 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church&rft.btitle=Gorgias+Encyclopedic+Dictionary+of+the+Syriac+Heritage%3A+Electronic+Edition&rft.pub=Gorgias+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Varghese&rft.aufirst=Baby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgedsh.bethmardutho.org%2FMalankara-Orthodox-Syrian-Church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MOSCPOP-22"><a href="#cite_ref-MOSCPOP_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mosc.in/the_church/the-malankara-orthodox-syrian-church">"The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church"</a>. Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church. Retrieved 31 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church&rft.pub=Malankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmosc.in%2Fthe_church%2Fthe-malankara-orthodox-syrian-church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaby_Varghese2010" class="citation journal cs1">Baby Varghese (2010). "Renewal in the Malankara Orthodox Church, India". Studies in World Christianity. 16 (3). <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a>: 226–244. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fswc.2010.0102">10.3366/swc.2010.0102</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1354-9901">1354-9901</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+World+Christianity&rft.atitle=Renewal+in+the+Malankara+Orthodox+Church%2C+India&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=226-244&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Fswc.2010.0102&rft.issn=1354-9901&rft.au=Baby+Varghese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-newadvent.org-24"><a href="#cite_ref-newadvent.org_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"St. Thomas Christians". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14678a.htm#X">Catholic Encyclopedia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200125064004/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14678a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2020 – via <a href="/wiki/New_Advent" title="New Advent">New Advent</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St.+Thomas+Christians&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F14678a.htm%23X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrock" class="citation journal cs1">Brock, Sebastian P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Thomas-Christians">"Thomas Christians"</a>. eGEDSH.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=eGEDSH&rft.atitle=Thomas+Christians&rft.aulast=Brock&rft.aufirst=Sebastian+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgedsh.bethmardutho.org%2FThomas-Christians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrykenberg200893Wilmshurst2000343-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrykenberg200893Wilmshurst2000343_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrykenberg2008">Frykenberg 2008</a>, p. 93; <a href="#CITEREFWilmshurst2000">Wilmshurst 2000</a>, p. 343. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1956100-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1956100_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrown1956">Brown 1956</a>, p. 100. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaumWinkler2003115-116-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaumWinkler2003115-116_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBaumWinkler2003">Baum & Winkler 2003</a>, p. 115-116. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeill2004316-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeill2004316_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNeill2004">Neill 2004</a>, p. 316. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVadakkekara200784,_86Frykenberg2008361-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVadakkekara200784,_86Frykenberg2008361_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVadakkekara2007">Vadakkekara 2007</a>, pp. 84, 86; <a href="#CITEREFFrykenberg2008">Frykenberg 2008</a>, p. 361. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> "Synod of Diamper." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 23 December 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> For the Acts and Decrees of the Synod cf. Michael Geddes, "A Short History of the Church of Malabar Together with the Synod of Diamper &c." London, 1694;Repr. in George Menachery, Ed., Indian Church History Classics, Vol.1, Ollur 1998, pp.33-112 </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceC-33"><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_33-0">^</a> Thekkedath, History of Christianity in India" </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-34"><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_34-0">^</a> Eugene Cardinal Tisserant, "Eastern Christianity in India" </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/feud-began-19th-century-what-happened-jacobite-orthodox-locked-horns-96295">"A feud that began in 19th century: What happened before Jacobite-Orthodox locked horns"</a>. 6 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+feud+that+began+in+19th+century%3A+What+happened+before+Jacobite-Orthodox+locked+horns&rft.date=2019-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenewsminute.com%2Farticle%2Ffeud-began-19th-century-what-happened-jacobite-orthodox-locked-horns-96295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/1599-today-tracing-kerala-s-jacobite-vs-orthodox-church-battle-66476">"From 1599 to today: Tracing Kerala's Jacobite vs Orthodox church battle"</a>. 8 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+1599+to+today%3A+Tracing+Kerala%27s+Jacobite+vs+Orthodox+church+battle&rft.date=2017-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenewsminute.com%2Farticle%2F1599-today-tracing-kerala-s-jacobite-vs-orthodox-church-battle-66476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100127171538/http://niranamchurch.com/">"About the church"</a>. Niranam St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Church. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://niranamchurch.com/">the original</a> on 27 January 2010. 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Retrieved 10 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Appointments+of+Asst.+Metropolitan+of+Kandanad+West+Diocese&rft.pub=www.malankarasabha.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malankarasabha.org%2Fcontent%2F22152%2FHG-Zacharias-Mar-Severios-Appointed-markAssistant-Metropolitanmark-of-Kandanad-West-Diocese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ossae.org/">"OSSAE website"</a>. ossae.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ossae.org&rft.atitle=OSSAE+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fossae.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mgocsm.in/index.php">"MGOCSMwebsite"</a>. mgocsm.in/index.php.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mgocsm.in%2Findex.php&rft.atitle=MGOCSMwebsite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mgocsm.in%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mosc.in/spiritual">"Spiritual Organisation"</a>. mosc.in. 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Malankaraorthodox.tv. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malankaraorthodox.tv&rft.atitle=Recipients+of+the+order+of+St.+Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmalankaraorthodox.tv%2F%3Fp%3D62396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaumWinkler2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Baum_(historian)" title="Wilhelm Baum (historian)">Baum, Wilhelm</a>; Winkler, Dietmar W. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CnSCAgAAQBAJ">The Church of the East: A Concise History</a>. 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Delhi: Media House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788174952585" title="Special:BookSources/9788174952585"><bdi>9788174952585</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origin+of+Christianity+in+India%3A+A+Historiographical+Critique&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Media+House&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9788174952585&rft.aulast=Vadakkekara&rft.aufirst=Benedict&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7f3YAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Van der Ploeg, J. P. M. (1983). The Christians of St. Thomas in South India and their Syriac Manuscripts. Dharmaram Publications.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilmshurst2000" class="citation book cs1">Wilmshurst, David (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jB8ir0ek8bgC">The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913</a>. Louvain: Peeters Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789042908765" title="Special:BookSources/9789042908765"><bdi>9789042908765</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ecclesiastical+Organisation+of+the+Church+of+the+East%2C+1318%E2%80%931913&rft.place=Louvain&rft.pub=Peeters+Publishers&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9789042908765&rft.aulast=Wilmshurst&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjB8ir0ek8bgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilmshurst2011" class="citation book cs1">Wilmshurst, David (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zfxNtwAACAAJ">The Martyred Church: A History of the Church of the East</a>. London: East & West Publishing Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781907318047" title="Special:BookSources/9781907318047"><bdi>9781907318047</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Martyred+Church%3A+A+History+of+the+Church+of+the+East&rft.place=London&rft.pub=East+%26+West+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781907318047&rft.aulast=Wilmshurst&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzfxNtwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinkler1997" class="citation journal cs1">Winkler, Dietmar W. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/15344445">"Miaphysitism: A New Term for Use in the History of Dogma and in Ecumenical Theology"</a>. The Harp. 10 (3): 33–40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Harp&rft.atitle=Miaphysitism%3A+A+New+Term+for+Use+in+the+History+of+Dogma+and+in+Ecumenical+Theology&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=33-40&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Winkler&rft.aufirst=Dietmar+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F15344445&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalankara+Orthodox+Syrian+Church" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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href="http://marthoman.tv/images/MOSC%20Constitution.pdf">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Constitution of 1934</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orthodoxradio.in/">Indian Orthodox Radio | E – Radio from the Shores of Malankara to the World</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051218230815/http://www.orthodoxherald.com/">Indian Orthodox Herald: News about the Catholicate of the East</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140518135510/http://www.mathamariammedia.com/">Matha Mariam Media: A Complete Orthodox Web Portal maintained by Trivandrum Diocese</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928082948/http://www.icon.org.in/icon_prev_catholicoses.icon">ICON Indian Christian Orthodox Network – Catholicos of the East</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marthoman.tv/">Malankara Orthodox TV</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89gll%C3%A9se_malancara_ortodoxe" title="Égllése malancara ortodoxe – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Égllése malancara ortodoxe" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%86%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Индийска православна църква – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Индийска православна църква" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravoslavn%C3%A1_c%C3%ADrkev_Indie" title="Pravoslavná církev Indie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pravoslavná církev Indie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indisch-Orthodoxe_Kirche" title="Indisch-Orthodoxe Kirche – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indisch-Orthodoxe Kirche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglesia_ortodoxa_de_Malankara" title="Iglesia ortodoxa de Malankara – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Iglesia ortodoxa de Malankara" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malankara_Ortodoksa_Eklezio" title="Malankara Ortodoksa Eklezio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malankara Ortodoksa Eklezio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_malankare_orthodoxe" title="Église malankare orthodoxe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Église malankare orthodoxe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EB%9E%91%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC_%EC%8B%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%A0%95%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" title="말랑카라 시리아 정교회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="말랑카라 시리아 정교회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1_%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%BC_%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%AB" title="Մալանկարա ուղղափառ ասորական եկեղեցի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մալանկարա ուղղափառ ասորական եկեղեցի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE" title="मलंकारा रूढ़िवादी सीरियाई गिरजा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मलंकारा रूढ़िवादी सीरियाई गिरजा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indijska_pravoslavna_Crkva" title="Indijska pravoslavna Crkva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Indijska pravoslavna Crkva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesa_ortodossa_siriaca_del_Malankara" title="Chiesa ortodossa siriaca del Malankara – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chiesa ortodossa siriaca del Malankara" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanisa_la_Kisiria_la_Kiorthodoksi_la_Malankara" title="Kanisa la Kisiria la Kiorthodoksi la Malankara – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kanisa la Kisiria la Kiorthodoksi la Malankara" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesia_Syro-Malankara_Orthodoxa" title="Ecclesia Syro-Malankara Orthodoxa – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ecclesia Syro-Malankara Orthodoxa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiai_ortodox_egyh%C3%A1z" title="Indiai ortodox egyház – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Indiai ortodox egyház" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0_%E0%B4%93%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AD" title="മലങ്കര ഓർത്തഡോക്സ് സുറിയാനി സഭ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മലങ്കര ഓർത്തഡോക്സ് സുറിയാനി സഭ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الكنيسة الهنديه الارثوذكسيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكنيسة الهنديه الارثوذكسيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malankaarse_Syrisch-Orthodoxe_Kerk" title="Malankaarse Syrisch-Orthodoxe Kerk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Malankaarse Syrisch-Orthodoxe Kerk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_malankarisk-ortodoks-syriske_kirke" title="Den malankarisk-ortodoks-syriske kirke – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den malankarisk-ortodoks-syriske kirke" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malankarski_Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_Ortodoksyjny" title="Malankarski Kościół Ortodoksyjny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Malankarski Kościół Ortodoksyjny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igreja_Ortodoxa_Sir%C3%ADaca_Malankara" title="Igreja Ortodoxa Siríaca Malankara – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Igreja Ortodoxa Siríaca Malankara" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biserica_Ortodox%C4%83_din_Malankara" title="Biserica Ortodoxă din Malankara – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biserica Ortodoxă din Malankara" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C" title="Маланкарская православная церковь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маланкарская православная церковь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%86%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Маланкарска оријентално-православна црква – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Маланкарска оријентално-православна црква" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malankarska_pravoslavna_sirijska_crkva" title="Malankarska pravoslavna sirijska crkva – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Malankarska pravoslavna sirijska crkva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0" title="คริสตจักรออร์ทอดอกซ์ซีเรียมลังกระ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสตจักรออร์ทอดอกซ์ซีเรียมลังกระ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malankara_Ortodoks_S%C3%BCryani_Kilisesi" title="Malankara Ortodoks Süryani Kilisesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Malankara Ortodoks Süryani Kilisesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Маланкарська православна сирійська церква – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Маланкарська православна сирійська церква" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ملنکارا راسخ الاعتقاد سریانی کلیسیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ملنکارا راسخ الاعتقاد سریانی کلیسیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 November 2024, at 08:04 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 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