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cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">William Moerner</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 55 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="وليام مورنر — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وليام مورنر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="وليام مورنر — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وليام مورنر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uilyam_M%C3%B6rner" title="Uilyam Mörner — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Uilyam Mörner" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="ویلیام اسکو مورنر — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویلیام اسکو مورنر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Уільям Мёрнер — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уільям Мёрнер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Уилям Мьорнър — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уилям Мьорнър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="উইলিয়াম এসকো মোয়ের্নার — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইলিয়াম এসকো মোয়ের্নার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William Moerner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Esco_Moerner" title="William Esco Moerner — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="William Esco Moerner" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="ویلیام اسکو مورنر — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیام اسکو مورنر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="William Moerner" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Moerner" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner — gaélico escocês" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="William Moerner" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner — hacá" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hacá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A8" title="ויליאם מורנר — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויליאם מורנר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0" title="विलियम एस्को मोइरनर — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विलियम एस्को मोइरनर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="William Moerner" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B4_%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ուիլյամ Մոերներ — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուիլյամ Մոերներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Esco_Moerner" title="William Esco Moerner — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="William Esco Moerner" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="William Moerner" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC" title="ウィリアム・モーナー — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム・モーナー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="უილიამ მოურნერი — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უილიამ მოურნერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EB%A8%B8%EB%84%88" title="윌리엄 머너 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윌리엄 머너" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_Moerner" title="Gulielmus Moerner — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus Moerner" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0" title="विलियम मर्नर — maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="विलियम मर्नर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%87._%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BC" title="വില്ല്യം ഇ. മോണർ — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വില്ല്യം ഇ. മോണർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0" title="विल्यम मोएर्नर — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विल्यम मोएर्नर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="ویلیام اسکو مورنر — mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ویلیام اسکو مورنر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Esco_Moerner" title="William Esco Moerner — baixo-alemão" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="William Esco Moerner" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo-alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0" title="विलियम मर्नर — nepalês" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विलियम मर्नर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="William Moerner" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="William Moerner" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="ولیم مورنر — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ولیم مورنر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC" title="Мёрнер, Уильям — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мёрнер, Уильям" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="William Moerner" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D._%E0%AE%88._%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="வில்லியம். ஈ. மோர்னர் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வில்லியம். ஈ. மோர்னர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="William Moerner" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вильям Мөрнер — tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вильям Мөрнер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вільям Мернер — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільям Мернер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="ولیم ای مورنر — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ولیم ای مورنر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%94" title="威廉·莫尔纳尔 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="威廉·莫尔纳尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1387059#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/William_Moerner" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discuss%C3%A3o:William_Moerner&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página (página não existe) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mudar a variante da língua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">português</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/William_Moerner"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Moerner&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Moerner&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Moerner&action=history" title="Edições anteriores desta página. 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href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/William_Moerner" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/William_Moerner" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Moerner&oldid=63874517" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta 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livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellpadding="3" border="0" style="width: 270px; font-size: 88%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; background-color:transparent; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;"><span class="">William Moerner</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="padding-bottom: 5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:WE_Moerner.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="William Moerner"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WE_Moerner.jpg/200px-WE_Moerner.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WE_Moerner.jpg/300px-WE_Moerner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WE_Moerner.jpg/400px-WE_Moerner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="1516" /></a><figcaption>William Moerner</figcaption></figure></div>William Moerner em 2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nascimento </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/24_de_junho#Nascimentos" title="24 de junho">24 de junho</a> de <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a> (71 anos)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Pleasanton_(Calif%C3%B3rnia)" title="Pleasanton (Califórnia)">Pleasanton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calif%C3%B3rnia" title="Califórnia">Califórnia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nacionalidade </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Povo_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Povo dos Estados Unidos">estadunidense</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Prêmios </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Prêmio Wolf de Química">Prêmio Wolf de Química</a> (2008)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Irving_Langmuir" title="Prêmio Irving Langmuir">Prêmio Irving Langmuir</a> (2009)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Peter_Debye" title="Prêmio Peter Debye">Prêmio Peter Debye</a> (2013)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Química">Nobel de Química</a> (2014)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Instituições </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_da_Calif%C3%B3rnia_em_San_Diego" title="Universidade da Califórnia em San Diego">Universidade da Califórnia em San Diego</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Stanford" title="Universidade Stanford">Universidade Stanford</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Campo(s) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">física</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química">química</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>William Esco Moerner</b> (também conhecido como <b>W. E. Moerner</b>; <a href="/wiki/Pleasanton_(Calif%C3%B3rnia)" title="Pleasanton (Califórnia)">Pleasanton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calif%C3%B3rnia" title="Califórnia">Califórnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/24_de_junho" title="24 de junho">24 de junho</a> de <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>) é um <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsico" title="Físico">físico</a> e <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmico" title="Químico">químico</a> <a href="/wiki/Povo_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Povo dos Estados Unidos">estadunidense</a>. Em 8 de outubro de 2014 foi laureado juntamente com <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a> e <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a> com o <a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Química">Nobel de Química</a> pelo desenvolvimento da <a href="/wiki/Microscopia_de_fluoresc%C3%AAncia" title="Microscopia de fluorescência">microscopia de fluorescência</a> de alta definição.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moerner obteve um <a href="/wiki/Bacharelato" title="Bacharelato">B.S.</a> em <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">física</a>, um B.S. em <a href="/wiki/Engenharia_el%C3%A9trica" title="Engenharia elétrica">engenharia elétrica</a> e um <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">A.B.</a> em <a href="/wiki/Matem%C3%A1tica" title="Matemática">matemática</a> na <a href="/wiki/Universidade_Washington_em_St._Louis" title="Universidade Washington em St. Louis">Universidade Washington em St. Louis</a> em 1975. Em seguida obteve um <a href="/wiki/Mestrado" title="Mestrado">M.S.</a> em 1978 e um <a href="/wiki/Doutorado_em_filosofia" class="mw-redirect" title="Doutorado em filosofia">Ph.D.</a> em física em 1982 na <a href="/wiki/Universidade_Cornell" title="Universidade Cornell">Universidade Cornell</a>. De 1981 a 1995 foi pesquisador da <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. Em seguida foi até 1998 <a href="/wiki/Professor#Estados_Unidos" title="Professor">professor</a> da <a href="/wiki/Universidade_da_Calif%C3%B3rnia_em_San_Diego" title="Universidade da Califórnia em San Diego">Universidade da Califórnia em San Diego</a>. </p><p>Moerner é desde 1998 Professor e em 2002 <i>Professor da Cátedra Harry S. Mosher</i> de química da <a href="/wiki/Universidade_Stanford" title="Universidade Stanford">Universidade Stanford</a>. Sua área de pesquisa é <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsico-qu%C3%ADmica" title="Físico-química">físico-química</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biof%C3%ADsica" title="Biofísica">biofísica</a> e <a href="/wiki/Nanofot%C3%B4nica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanofotônica">nanofotônica</a>. Graças a suas pesquisas foi possível localizar e estudar a espectroscopia de moléculas individuais por fluorescência em corpos sólidos. </p><p>Recebeu em 1984 o <i>Roger I. Wilkinson National Outstanding Young Electrical Engineer Award</i> e em 2001 o <i>Earle K. Plyler Prize</i> da <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a>. É <a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">fellow</a> da <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/Optical_Society" title="Optical Society">Optical Society of America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Americana_para_o_Avan%C3%A7o_da_Ci%C3%AAncia" title="Associação Americana para o Avanço da Ciência">Associação Americana para o Avanço da Ciência</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academia_de_Artes_e_Ci%C3%AAncias_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Academia de Artes e Ciências dos Estados Unidos">Academia de Artes e Ciências dos Estados Unidos</a> e desde 2007 membro da <a href="/wiki/Academia_Nacional_de_Ci%C3%AAncias_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Academia Nacional de Ciências dos Estados Unidos">Academia Nacional de Ciências dos Estados Unidos</a>. Recebeu em 2008 o <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Prêmio Wolf de Química">Prêmio Wolf de Química</a>, em 2009 o <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Irving_Langmuir" title="Prêmio Irving Langmuir">Prêmio Irving Langmuir</a> e em 2013 o <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Peter_Debye" title="Prêmio Peter Debye">Prêmio Peter Debye</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publicações_selecionadas"><span id="Publica.C3.A7.C3.B5es_selecionadas"></span>Publicações selecionadas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Moerner&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Publicações selecionadas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Moerner&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Publicações selecionadas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>com L. Kador: Optical detection and spectroscopy of single molecules in a solid, Phys. Rev. Lett., Band 62, 1989, S. 2535</li> <li>com Michael Orrit: Illuminating single molecules in condensed matter, Science, Band 283, 1999, S. 1670-1676</li> <li>com Th. Basché, M. Orrit, H. Talon: Photon antibunching in the fluorescence of a single dye molecule trapped in a solid, Phys. Rev. Lett., Band 69, 1992, S. 1516</li> <li>com S. M. Silence: Polymeric photorefractive materials, Chemical reviews, Band 94, 1994, S. 127-155</li> <li>com Stephen Ducharme, J. C. Scott, R. J. Twieg: Observation of the photorefractive effect in a polymer, Phys. Rev. Lett., Band 66, 1991, S. 1846</li> <li>com P. Yeh: Introduction to Photorefractive Nonlinear Optics, Physics Today, Heft 3, 2008, S. 89-98</li> <li>com Brahim Lounis: Single photons on demand from a single molecule at room temperature, Nature, Band 407, 2000, S. 491-493</li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2014/">«The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Moerner&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+2014&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F2014%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Moerner&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Moerner&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanford.edu/group/moerner/">W.E. Moerner's Group Homepage</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <p>  </p><table class="toccolours" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin:0 auto; font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Precedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Martin Karplus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Michael Levitt</a> e <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a></span></b></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Química">Nobel de Química</a></b><br />2014<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;">com <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a> e <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a></span></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Sucedido por<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Modrich" title="Paul Modrich">Paul Modrich</a> e <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Aziz Sancar</a></b></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prêmio_Wolf_de_Química_(1978_—_2022)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Predefinição:Prêmio Wolf de Química"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_Qu%C3%ADmica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Prêmio Wolf de Química (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_Qu%C3%ADmica&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prêmio_Wolf_de_Química_(1978_—_2022)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Prêmio Wolf de Química">Prêmio Wolf de Química (1978 — 2022)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r57040861">.mw-parser-output .sep-list{font-weight:bold}</style><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Djerassi" title="Carl Djerassi">Carl Djerassi</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Mark" title="Hermann Mark">Hermann Mark</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Eyring" title="Henry Eyring">Henry Eyring</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chatt" title="Joseph Chatt">Joseph Chatt</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Polanyi" title="John Charles Polanyi">John Charles Polanyi</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Claude_Pimentel" title="George Claude Pimentel">George Claude Pimentel</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1983/4: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_S._Gutowsky" title="Herbert S. Gutowsky">Herbert S. Gutowsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harden_McConnell" title="Harden McConnell">Harden McConnell</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Waugh" title="John Waugh">John Waugh</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1984/5: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Arthur_Marcus" title="Rudolph Arthur Marcus">Rudolph Arthur Marcus</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias James Corey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Eschenmoser" title="Albert Eschenmoser">Albert Eschenmoser</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/David_Chilton_Phillips" title="David Chilton Phillips">David Chilton Phillips</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Mervyn_Blow" title="David Mervyn Blow">David Mervyn Blow</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Jortner" title="Joshua Jortner">Joshua Jortner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raphael_David_Levine" title="Raphael David Levine">Raphael David Levine</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Duilio_Arigoni" title="Duilio Arigoni">Duilio Arigoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Battersby" title="Alan Battersby">Alan Battersby</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Robert_Ernst" title="Richard Robert Ernst">Richard Robert Ernst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pines" title="Alexander Pines">Alexander Pines</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">John Pople</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lerner" title="Richard Lerner">Richard Lerner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Schultz" title="Peter G. Schultz">Peter G. Schultz</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stork" title="Gilbert Stork">Gilbert Stork</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Danishefsky" title="Samuel Danishefsky">Samuel Danishefsky</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_Somorjai" title="Gábor Somorjai">Gábor Somorjai</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Lemieux" title="Raymond Lemieux">Raymond Lemieux</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Albert_Cotton" title="Frank Albert Cotton">Frank Albert Cotton</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Kagan" title="Henri Kagan">Henri Kagan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryōji Noyori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Barry Sharpless</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Barkus_Gray" title="Harry Barkus Gray">Harry Barkus Gray</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Zare" title="Richard Zare">Richard Zare</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2006/7: <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada Yonath</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Feher" title="George Feher">George Feher</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2008: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Moerner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allen_Joseph_Bard" title="Allen Joseph Bard">Allen Joseph Bard</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Alan_Rice" title="Stuart Alan Rice">Stuart Alan Rice</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ching_W._Tang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ching W. Tang (página não existe)">Ching W. Tang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Matyjaszewski" title="Krzysztof Matyjaszewski">Krzysztof Matyjaszewski</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Alivisatos" title="Paul Alivisatos">Paul Alivisatos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lieber" title="Charles Lieber">Charles Lieber</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Langer" title="Robert Langer">Robert Langer</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chi-Huey_Wong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chi-Huey Wong (página não existe)">Chi-Huey Wong</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyriacos_Costa_Nicolaou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyriacos Costa Nicolaou (página não existe)">Kyriacos Costa Nicolaou</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuart_Schreiber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stuart Schreiber (página não existe)">Stuart Schreiber</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_George_Bergman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert George Bergman (página não existe)">Robert George Bergman</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Omar_M._Yaghi" title="Omar M. Yaghi">Omar M. Yaghi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makoto_Fujita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makoto Fujita (página não existe)">Makoto Fujita</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Buchwald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Buchwald (página não existe)">Stephen Buchwald</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Frederick_Hartwig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Frederick Hartwig (página não existe)">John Frederick Hartwig</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Leiserowitz" title="Leslie Leiserowitz">Leslie Leiserowitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meir_Lahav" title="Meir Lahav">Meir Lahav</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Bassler" title="Bonnie Bassler">Bonnie Bassler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Carolyn Bertozzi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Cravatt_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Cravatt III (página não existe)">Benjamin Cravatt III</a></span> <hr /> <div align="center"><i><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_Agronomia" title="Predefinição:Prêmio Wolf de Agronomia">Prêmio Wolf de Agronomia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_Artes" title="Predefinição:Prêmio Wolf de Artes">Prêmio Wolf de Artes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_F%C3%ADsica" title="Predefinição:Prêmio Wolf de Física">Prêmio Wolf de Física</a> • <a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_Matem%C3%A1tica" title="Predefinição:Prêmio Wolf de Matemática">Prêmio Wolf de Matemática</a> • <a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Wolf_de_Medicina" title="Predefinição:Prêmio Wolf de Medicina">Prêmio Wolf de Medicina</a></i></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nobel_de_Química_(1901_—_2024)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Química"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Predefinição Discussão:Nobel de Química"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nobel_de_Química_(1901_—_2024)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Química">Nobel de Química (1901 — 2024)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901 — 1925</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Hoff</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer">E.Fischer</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Arrhenius</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">Ramsay</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Baeyer</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Moissan</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Buchner</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Rutherford</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Ostwald</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Wallach</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Curie</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Grignard</a> e <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier" title="Paul Sabatier">Sabatier</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Werner</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Richards</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Martin_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Martin Willstätter">Willstätter</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Haber</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Hermann_Nernst" class="mw-redirect" title="Walther Hermann Nernst">Nernst</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Soddy</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Aston</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Pregl</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Zsigmondy</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926 — 1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Svedberg</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Wieland</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Otto_Reinhold_Windaus" title="Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus">Windaus</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Harden</a> e <a href="/wiki/Hans_Karl_August_Simon_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin">Euler-Chelpin</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">H.Fischer</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Bosch</a> e <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Bergius</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Langmuir</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Clayton_Urey" title="Harold Clayton Urey">Urey</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot" class="mw-redirect" title="Frédéric Joliot">F.Joliot-Curie</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">I.Joliot-Curie</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Josephus_Wilhelmus_Debye" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debye">Debye</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Norman_Haworth" title="Walter Norman Haworth">Haworth</a> e <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Karrer</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Kuhn</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Friedrich_Johann_Butenandt" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt">Butenandt</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lavoslav_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavoslav Ružička">Ružička</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">Hevesy</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Hahn</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Virtanen</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/James_Batcheller_Sumner" title="James Batcheller Sumner">Sumner</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">Northrop</a> e <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Stanley</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robinson</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Wilhelm_Kaurin_Tiselius" class="mw-redirect" title="Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius">Tiselius</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque">Giauque</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Paul_Hermann_Diels" title="Otto Paul Hermann Diels">Diels</a> e <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Alder</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951 — 1975</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Mattison_McMillan" title="Edwin Mattison McMillan">McMillan</a> e <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg">Seaborg</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Archer_John_Porter_Martin" title="Archer John Porter Martin">Martin</a> e <a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Synge</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Staudinger</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vigneaud</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Hinshelwood</a> e <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Semyonov" title="Nikolay Semyonov">Semyonov</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander R. Todd">Todd</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Heyrovský</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Frank_Libby" title="Willard Frank Libby">Libby</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Calvin</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Perutz</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">Kendrew</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Waldemar_Ziegler" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Waldemar Ziegler">Ziegler</a> e <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Natta</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Woodward</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sanderson_Mulliken" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Sanderson Mulliken">Mulliken</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Eigen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Norrish</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">Porter</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Onsager</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Harold_Richard_Barton" class="mw-redirect" title="Derek Harold Richard Barton">Barton</a> e <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Hassel</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Leloir</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Herzberg</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Christian_Boehmer_Anfinsen" title="Christian Boehmer Anfinsen">Anfinsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Moore</a> e <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">Stein</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">E.O.Fischer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Paul_John_Flory" title="Paul John Flory">Flory</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">Cornforth</a> e <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Prelog</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976 — 2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">Lipscomb</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Prigogine</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Mitchell</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Charles_Brown" title="Herbert Charles Brown">Brown</a> e <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Wittig</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Berg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Gilbert</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenichi Fukui">Fukui</a> e <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Klug</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Taube</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Merrifield</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Hauptman</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Karle</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Robert_Herschbach" title="Dudley Robert Herschbach">Herschbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuan T. Lee">Lee</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Polanyi" title="John Charles Polanyi">Polanyi</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_James_Cram" title="Donald James Cram">Cram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Lehn</a> e <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Pedersen</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Deisenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Huber</a> e <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Michel</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Altman</a> e <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Cech</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Corey</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Robert_Ernst" title="Richard Robert Ernst">Ernst</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Arthur_Marcus" title="Rudolph Arthur Marcus">Marcus</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Mullis</a> e <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith" title="Michael Smith">Michael Smith</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">Olah</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Crutzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_J._Molina" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario J. Molina">Molina</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland">Rowland</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Floyd_Curl,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Floyd Curl, Jr.">Curl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Walter_Kroto" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Walter Kroto">Kroto</a> e <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Smalley</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Delos_Boyer" title="Paul Delos Boyer">Boyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Ernest_Walker" title="John Ernest Walker">Walker</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Skou</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Kohn</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">Pople</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_H._Zewail" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed H. Zewail">Zewail</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Heeger" title="Alan Heeger">Heeger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">MacDiarmid</a> e <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Shirakawa</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001 — 2024</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">Knowles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Noyori</a> e <a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/John_Fenn" title="John Fenn">Fenn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Tanaka</a> e <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Wüthrich</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Agre</a> e <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">MacKinnon</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Ciechanover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Hershko</a> e <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Rose</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Grubbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard R. Schrock">Schrock</a> e <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Chauvin</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg">Kornberg</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Ertl</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Shimomura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Chalfie</a> e <a href="/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Y. Tsien">Tsien</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Ramakrishnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Steitz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ada_E._Yonath" class="mw-redirect" title="Ada E. Yonath">Yonath</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Heck" title="Richard Heck">Heck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Negishi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Suzuki</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Shechtman</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Lefkowitz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Kobilka</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Karplus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Levitt</a> e <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Warshel</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Betzig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Hell</a> e <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Moerner</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Lindahl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Modrich" title="Paul Modrich">Modrich</a> e <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Sancar</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Sauvage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Stoddart</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Feringa" title="Bernard Feringa">Feringa</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Dubochet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Frank</a> e <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson" title="Richard Henderson">Henderson</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_P._Smith" title="George P. Smith">Smith</a> e <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Winter</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/John_Bannister_Goodenough" title="John Bannister Goodenough">Goodenough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stanley_Whittingham" title="Michael Stanley Whittingham">Whittingham</a> e <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Yoshino</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Charpentier</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Doudna</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">MacMillan</a> e <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">List</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Bertozzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morten_Meldal" title="Morten Meldal">Meldal</a> e <a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Bawendi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Brus" title="Louis Brus">Brus</a> e <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Ekimov" title="Alexei Ekimov">Ekimov</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/David_Baker" title="David Baker">Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Hassabis</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">Jumper</a></span> <hr /> <div align="center"><i><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica_(1901_%E2%80%94_1925)" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Química (1901 — 1925)">Laureados (1901—1925)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica_(1926_%E2%80%94_1950)" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Química (1926 — 1950)">Laureados (1926—1950)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica_(1951_%E2%80%94_1975)" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Química (1951 — 1975)">Laureados (1951—1975)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica_(1976_%E2%80%94_2000)" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Química (1976 — 2000)">Laureados (1976—2000)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica_(2001_%E2%80%94_2025)" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Química (2001 — 2025)">Laureados (2001—2024)</a></i></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg/30px-Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg/45px-Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg/60px-Albert_Einstein_Head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3250" data-file-height="4333" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre um(a) <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">físico(a)</a> é um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esbo%C3%A7o" title="Wikipédia:Esboço">esboço</a>. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Moerner&action=edit">expandindo-o</a></span></b>.</i></td> </tr></tbody></table> <table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Adolf_von_Baeyer_(1905).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Adolf_von_Baeyer_%281905%29.jpg/30px-Adolf_von_Baeyer_%281905%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Adolf_von_Baeyer_%281905%29.jpg/45px-Adolf_von_Baeyer_%281905%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Adolf_von_Baeyer_%281905%29.jpg/60px-Adolf_von_Baeyer_%281905%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre um(a) <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmico" title="Químico">químico(a)</a> é um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esbo%C3%A7o" title="Wikipédia:Esboço">esboço</a>. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Moerner&action=edit">expandindo-o</a></span></b>.</i></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Controle_de_autoridade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Controle_de_autoridade" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Controle_de_autoridade" title="Ajuda:Controle de autoridade">Controle de autoridade</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img 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