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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Direct_Stream_Digital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Direct Stream Digital</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Direct_Stream_Digital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Direct_Stream_Transfer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Direct_Stream_Transfer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Direct Stream Transfer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Direct_Stream_Transfer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Copy_protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copy_protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Copy protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Copy_protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sound_quality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sound_quality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sound quality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sound_quality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Playback_hardware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Playback_hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Playback hardware</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Playback_hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Super Audio CD</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Super Audio CD" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82%D8%A9" title="اسطوانة صوتية فائقة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اسطوانة صوتية فائقة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Super Audio CD" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/SACD" title="SACD – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="SACD" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Super Audio CD" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/SACD" title="SACD – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="SACD" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_Compact_Disc" title="Super Audio Compact Disc – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Super Audio Compact Disc" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_Compact_Disc" title="Super Audio Compact Disc – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Super Audio Compact Disc" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/SACD" title="SACD – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="SACD" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Super Audio CD" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Super Audio CD" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Super Audio CD" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%88%ED%8D%BC_%EC%98%A4%EB%94%94%EC%98%A4_CD" title="슈퍼 오디오 CD – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="슈퍼 오디오 CD" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Super Audio CD" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/SACD" title="SACD – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="SACD" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Super Audio CD" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_audio_compact_disc" title="Super audio compact disc – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Super audio compact disc" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Super Audio CD" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/SACD" title="SACD – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="SACD" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Super Audio CD" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_Compact_Disc" title="Super Audio Compact Disc – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Super Audio Compact Disc" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Super Audio CD" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Super Audio CD" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Super Audio CD" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Super Audio CD" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Super Audio CD" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Super Audio CD" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" title="ซุเปอร์ออดิโอซีดี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซุเปอร์ออดิโอซีดี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SACD" title="SACD – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="SACD" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Super Audio CD" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Stream_Transfer" title="Direct Stream Transfer – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Direct Stream Transfer" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/SACD" title="SACD – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="SACD" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Super Audio CD" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Read-only optical disc for high-fidelity audio storage</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Super Audio CD</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SACDlogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/SACDlogo.svg/150px-SACDlogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/SACDlogo.svg/225px-SACDlogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/SACDlogo.svg/300px-SACDlogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Back_of_SACD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Back_of_SACD.png/220px-Back_of_SACD.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Back_of_SACD.png/330px-Back_of_SACD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Back_of_SACD.png/440px-Back_of_SACD.png 2x" data-file-width="2853" data-file-height="2872" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Reverse side of a hybrid SACD. Unlike a CD, the reflection has a gold hue.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">Optical disc</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Content_format" title="Content format">Encoding</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Digital (<a href="/wiki/Direct_Stream_Digital" title="Direct Stream Digital">DSD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">4.38 <a href="/wiki/GiB" class="mw-redirect" title="GiB">GiB</a> / 4.7 <a href="/wiki/Gigabyte" title="Gigabyte">GB</a> (Single Layer and Hybrid)<br />7.92 <a href="/wiki/GiB" class="mw-redirect" title="GiB">GiB</a> / 8.5 <a href="/wiki/Gigabyte" title="Gigabyte">GB</a> (Dual Layer)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Read<span class="nowrap"> </span>mechanism</th><td class="infobox-data">650 nm laser (780 nm for the CD layer of a Hybrid disc)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">Standard</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Books" title="Rainbow Books">Scarlet Book</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed<span class="nowrap"> </span>by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> & <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Usage</th><td class="infobox-data">Audio storage</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Extended<span class="nowrap"> </span>from</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio" title="Compact Disc Digital Audio">Compact Disc Digital Audio</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Released</th><td class="infobox-data">1999<span class="noprint">; 25 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1999</span>)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">Optical discs</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CD_icon_test.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/CD_icon_test.svg/128px-CD_icon_test.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/CD_icon_test.svg/192px-CD_icon_test.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/CD_icon_test.svg/256px-CD_icon_test.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">General</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">Optical disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_drive" title="Optical disc drive">Optical disc drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_authoring" title="Optical disc authoring">Optical disc authoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_authoring#Software" title="Optical disc authoring">Authoring software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_recording_technologies" title="Optical disc recording technologies">Recording technologies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_recording_modes" title="Optical disc recording modes">Recording modes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_writing" title="Packet writing">Packet writing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burst_cutting_area" title="Burst cutting area">Burst cutting area</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Optical media types</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>Compact disc (<a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a>):</b> <a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio" title="Compact Disc Digital Audio">CD-DA</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD-R" title="CD-R">CD-R</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD-RW" title="CD-RW">CD-RW</a>, <a href="/wiki/5.1_Music_Disc" class="mw-redirect" title="5.1 Music Disc">5.1 Music Disc</a>, Super Audio CD (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">SACD</a>), <a href="/wiki/Photo_CD" title="Photo CD">Photo CD</a>, CD Video (<a href="/wiki/CD_Video" title="CD Video">CDV</a>), Video CD (<a href="/wiki/Video_CD" title="Video CD">VCD</a>), Super Video CD (<a href="/wiki/Super_Video_CD" title="Super Video CD">SVCD</a>), <a href="/wiki/CD%2BG" title="CD+G">CD+G</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD-Text" title="CD-Text">CD-Text</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM_XA" class="mw-redirect" title="CD-ROM XA">CD-ROM XA</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD-i" title="CD-i">CD-i</a>, <a href="/wiki/MIL-CD" class="mw-redirect" title="MIL-CD">MIL-CD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mini_CD" title="Mini CD">Mini CD</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/DVD-R" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD-R">DVD-R</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD%2BR" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD+R">DVD+R</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD-R_DL" title="DVD-R DL">DVD-R DL</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD%2BR_DL" title="DVD+R DL">DVD+R DL</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD-R_DS" title="DVD-R DS">DVD-R DS</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD%2BR_DS" title="DVD+R DS">DVD+R DS</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD-RW" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD-RW">DVD-RW</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD%2BRW" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD+RW">DVD+RW</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD-RAM" title="DVD-RAM">DVD-RAM</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD-D" title="DVD-D">DVD-D</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD-Audio" title="DVD-Audio">DVD-A</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD-Video" title="DVD-Video">DVD-Video</a>, <a href="/wiki/High-Definition_Versatile_Disc" title="High-Definition Versatile Disc">HVD</a>, <a href="/wiki/EcoDisc" title="EcoDisc">EcoDisc</a>, <a href="/wiki/MiniDVD" title="MiniDVD">MiniDVD</a></li> <li><b>Blu-ray Disc (<a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">BD</a>):</b> <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc_recordable" title="Blu-ray Disc recordable">BD-R & BD-RE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray_3D" class="mw-redirect" title="Blu-ray 3D">Blu-ray 3D</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray#Mini_Blu-ray_Disc" title="Blu-ray">Mini Blu-ray Disc</a>, 4K Blu-ray (<a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/M-DISC" title="M-DISC">M-DISC</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Universal_Media_Disc" title="Universal Media Disc">Universal Media Disc (UMD)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Versatile_Disc" title="Enhanced Versatile Disc">Enhanced Versatile Disc (EVD)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Forward_Versatile_Disc" title="Forward Versatile Disc">Forward Versatile Disc (FVD)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Holographic_Versatile_Disc" title="Holographic Versatile Disc">Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/China_Blue_High-definition_Disc" title="China Blue High-definition Disc">China Blue High-definition Disc (CBHD)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/HD_DVD-R" class="mw-redirect" title="HD DVD-R">HD DVD-R</a>, <a href="/wiki/HD_DVD-RW" class="mw-redirect" title="HD DVD-RW">HD DVD-RW</a>, <a href="/wiki/HD_DVD-RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="HD DVD-RAM">HD DVD-RAM</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/High-Definition_Versatile_Multilayer_Disc" class="mw-redirect" title="High-Definition Versatile Multilayer Disc">High-Definition Versatile Multilayer Disc (HD VMD)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/VCDHD" title="VCDHD">VCDHD</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/GD-ROM" title="GD-ROM">GD-ROM</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Personal_Video_Disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal Video Disc">Personal Video Disc (PVD)</a></b></li> <li><b>MiniDisc (<a href="/wiki/MiniDisc" title="MiniDisc">MD</a>):</b> <a href="/wiki/MD_Data" title="MD Data">MD Data, MD Data2</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hi-MD" title="Hi-MD">Hi-MD</a></b></li> <li><b>LaserDisc (<a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LD</a>):</b> <a href="/wiki/LD-ROM" class="mw-redirect" title="LD-ROM">LD-ROM</a>, <a href="/wiki/LV-ROM" title="LV-ROM">LV-ROM</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Video_Single_Disc" title="Video Single Disc">Video Single Disc (VSD)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Magneto-optical_drive" title="Magneto-optical drive">Magneto-optical discs</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Density_Optical" title="Ultra Density Optical">Ultra Density Optical (UDO)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/3D_optical_data_storage" title="3D optical data storage">3D optical data storage</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stacked_Volumetric_Optical_Disc" title="Stacked Volumetric Optical Disc">Stacked Volumetric Optical Disk (SVOD)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fluorescent_Multilayer_Disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluorescent Multilayer Disc">Fluorescent Multilayer Disc</a> </b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hyper_CD-ROM" title="Hyper CD-ROM">Hyper CD-ROM</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_optical_discs" title="Nintendo optical discs">Nintendo optical disc (NOD)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Archival_Disc" title="Archival Disc">Archival Disc</a> (AD)</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Professional_Disc" title="Professional Disc">Professional Disc</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/DataPlay" title="DataPlay">DataPlay</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Standards</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Form_Factor_Committee" title="Small Form Factor Committee">SFF</a> <a href="/wiki/ATA_Packet_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="ATA Packet Interface">ATAPI</a>/<a href="/wiki/SCSI_Multimedia_Commands" title="SCSI Multimedia Commands">MMC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rainier_(packet_writing)" title="Mount Rainier (packet writing)">Mount Rainier</a> (packet writing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layer_Jump_Recording" title="Layer Jump Recording">Mount Fuji</a> (layer jump recording)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Books" title="Rainbow Books">Rainbow Books</a></li> <li>File systems <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">ISO 9660</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joliet_(file_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joliet (file system)">Joliet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeo_file_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Romeo file system">Romeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock Ridge">Rock Ridge</a> / SUSP</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Torito_(CD-ROM_standard)" class="mw-redirect" title="El Torito (CD-ROM standard)">El Torito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ISO_9660_Extensions" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple ISO 9660 Extensions">Apple ISO 9660 Extensions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Universal Disk Format (<a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">UDF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13490" title="ISO 13490">ISO 13490</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_optical_storage_media" class="mw-redirect" title="History of optical storage media">History of optical storage media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_optical_disc_format_war" title="High-definition optical disc format war">High-definition optical disc format war</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Optical_disc" title="Template:Optical disc"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Optical_disc" title="Template talk:Optical disc"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Optical_disc" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Optical disc"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Super Audio CD</b> (<b>SACD</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">optical disc</a> format for <a href="/wiki/Audio_storage" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio storage">audio storage</a> introduced in 1999. It was developed jointly by <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philips_Electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Philips Electronics">Philips Electronics</a> and intended to be the successor to the <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">compact disc</a> (CD) format. </p><p>The SACD format allows multiple audio channels (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">surround sound</a> or multichannel sound). It also provides a higher bit rate and longer playing time than a conventional CD. </p><p>An SACD is designed to be played on an SACD player. A <b>hybrid SACD</b> contains a <a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio" title="Compact Disc Digital Audio">Compact Disc Digital Audio</a> (CDDA) layer and can also be played on a standard CD player. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_Audio_CD&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Super Audio CD format was introduced in 1999,<sup id="cite_ref-guardian2007_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is defined by the <i>Scarlet Book</i> standard document. <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crest_Digital" title="Crest Digital">Crest Digital</a> partnered in May 2002 to develop and install the first SACD hybrid disc production line in the United States, with a production capacity of up to three million discs per year.<sup id="cite_ref-newscenter_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newscenter-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SACD did not achieve the level of growth that compact discs enjoyed in the 1980s,<sup id="cite_ref-digitaltrends_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digitaltrends-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was not accepted by the mainstream market.<sup id="cite_ref-cnet2009_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnet2009-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stereophile2006_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stereophile2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-avrev2006_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avrev2006-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2007, SACD had failed to make a significant impact in the marketplace; consumers were increasingly downloading low-resolution music files over the internet rather than buying music on physical disc formats.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian2007_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small and niche market for SACD has remained, serving the <a href="/wiki/Audiophile" title="Audiophile">audiophile</a> community.<sup id="cite_ref-availability_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-availability-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content">Content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_Audio_CD&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_SACD_artists" title="List of SACD artists">List of SACD artists</a></div> <p>By October 2009, record companies had published more than 6,000 SACD releases, slightly more than half of which were <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a> and popular music albums, mainly remastered previous releases, were the next two genres most represented.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Many popular artists have released some or all of their back catalog on SACD. <a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a>'s album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Side_of_the_Moon" title="The Dark Side of the Moon">The Dark Side of the Moon</a></i> (1973) sold over 800,000 copies by June 2004 in its SACD Surround Sound edition.<sup id="cite_ref-SACDGold_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SACDGold-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a>'s rock opera <i><a href="/wiki/Tommy_(The_Who_album)" title="Tommy (The Who album)">Tommy</a></i> (1969), and <a href="/wiki/Roxy_Music" title="Roxy Music">Roxy Music</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Avalon_(Roxy_Music_album)" title="Avalon (Roxy Music album)">Avalon</a></i> (1982), were released on SACD to take advantage of the format's multi-channel capability. All three albums were remixed in <a href="/wiki/5.1_surround" class="mw-redirect" title="5.1 surround">5.1 surround</a>, and released as hybrid SACDs with a stereo mix on the standard CD layer. </p><p>Some popular artists have released new recordings on SACD. Sales figures for <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Love" title="Sacred Love">Sacred Love</a></i> (2003) album reached number one on SACD sales charts in four European countries in June 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-SACDGold_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SACDGold-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 2007 and 2008, the rock band <a href="/wiki/Genesis_(band)" title="Genesis (band)">Genesis</a> re-released all of their studio albums across three SACD box sets. Each album in these sets contains both new stereo and 5.1 mixes. The original stereo mixes were not included. The US & Canada versions do not use SACD but CD instead. </p><p>By August 2009 443 labels<sup id="cite_ref-faq13_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faq13-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had released one or more SACDs. Instead of depending on major label support, some orchestras and artists have released SACDs on their own. For instance, the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Chicago Symphony Orchestra">Chicago Symphony Orchestra</a> started the Chicago Resound label to provide full and burgeoning support for high-resolution SACD hybrid discs, and the <a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra" title="London Symphony Orchestra">London Symphony Orchestra</a> established their own <i>LSO Live</i> label.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Many SACD discs that were released from 2000 to 2005 are now out of print and available only on the used market.<sup id="cite_ref-availability_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-availability-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-availability_2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-availability_2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2009, the major record companies were no longer regularly releasing discs in the format, with new releases confined to the smaller labels.<sup id="cite_ref-availability_3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-availability_3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_Audio_CD&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right"> <caption>SA-CD characteristics </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Characteristic </th> <th>CD layer (optional) </th> <th>SACD layer </th></tr> <tr> <td>Disc capacity </td> <td>700<span class="nowrap"> </span>MB<sup id="cite_ref-Middleton,_Zak_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Middleton,_Zak-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>4.7<span class="nowrap"> </span>GB<sup id="cite_ref-extremetech2001_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremetech2001-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Audio encoding </td> <td>16-bit <a href="/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation" title="Pulse-code modulation">pulse-code modulation</a> </td> <td>1-bit <a href="/wiki/Direct_Stream_Digital" title="Direct Stream Digital">Direct Stream Digital</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sampling frequency </td> <td>44.1<span class="nowrap"> </span>kHz </td> <td>2,822.4<span class="nowrap"> </span>kHz (2.8224<span class="nowrap"> </span>MHz) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Audio channels </td> <td>2 (<a href="/wiki/Stereo" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereo">stereo</a>) </td> <td>Up to 6 (<a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">discrete surround</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Playback time if stereo </td> <td>80 minutes<sup id="cite_ref-Clifford_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>110 minutes without DST compression<sup id="cite_ref-extremetech2001_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremetech2001-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>SACD discs have identical physical dimensions as standard compact discs. The <a href="/wiki/Areal_density_(computer_storage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Areal density (computer storage)">areal density</a> of the disc is the same as a <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>. There are three types of disc:<sup id="cite_ref-extremetech2001_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremetech2001-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Hybrid</b>: Hybrid SACDs have a 4.7 GB SACD layer (the <i>HD layer</i>), as well as a CD (Red Book) audio layer readable by most conventional compact disc players.<sup id="cite_ref-Hybrid+SACD_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hybrid+SACD-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Single-layer</b>: A disc with one 4.7 GB SACD layer.</li> <li><b>Dual-layer</b>: A disc with two SACD layers, totaling 8.5 GB, and no CD layer. Dual-layer SACDs can store nearly twice as much data as a single-layer SACD. Like most dual-layer DVDs, the data spiral for the first layer is encoded from the inside out, and the second layer is encoded starting from the point where the first layer ends and ending at the innermost part of the disc.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Unlike hybrid discs, both single- and dual-layer SACDs are incompatible with conventional CD players and cannot be played on them.</li></ul> <p>A stereo SACD recording has an uncompressed rate of 5.6 <a href="/wiki/Mbit/s" class="mw-redirect" title="Mbit/s">Mbit/s</a>, four times the rate for <a href="/wiki/Red_Book_(audio_CD_standard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Book (audio CD standard)">Red Book</a> CD stereo audio.<sup id="cite_ref-extremetech2001_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremetech2001-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Commercial releases commonly include both surround sound (five full-range plus <a href="/wiki/Low-frequency_effects" title="Low-frequency effects">LFE</a> multi-channel) and stereo (dual-channel) mixes on the SACD layer.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some reissues retain the mixes of earlier multi-channel formats (examples include the 1973 <a href="/wiki/Quadraphonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadraphonic">quadraphonic</a> mix of <a href="/wiki/Mike_Oldfield" title="Mike Oldfield">Mike Oldfield</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Tubular_Bells" title="Tubular Bells">Tubular Bells</a></i> and the 1957 three-channel stereo recording by the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Chicago Symphony Orchestra">Chicago Symphony Orchestra</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mussorgsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Mussorgsky">Mussorgsky</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Pictures_at_an_Exhibition" title="Pictures at an Exhibition">Pictures at an Exhibition</a></i>, reissued on SACD in 2001 and 2004 respectively). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disc_reading">Disc reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_Audio_CD&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Disc reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sacd.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Sacd.svg/220px-Sacd.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Sacd.svg/330px-Sacd.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Sacd.svg/440px-Sacd.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="190" /></a><figcaption>A Super Audio CD uses two layers and the standardized <a href="/wiki/Focal_length" title="Focal length">focal length</a> of conventional CD players to enable both types of player to read the data</figcaption></figure> <p>Objective lenses in conventional CD players have a longer working distance, or <a href="/wiki/Focal_length" title="Focal length">focal length</a>, than lenses designed for SACD players. In SACD-capable DVD, Blu-ray and Ultra HD Blu-ray players, the red DVD laser is used for reading SACDs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This means that when a hybrid SACD is placed into a conventional CD player, the infrared laser beam passes through the SACD layer and is reflected by the CD layer at the standard 1.2 mm distance, and the SACD layer is out of focus. When the same disc is placed into an SACD player, the red laser is reflected by the SACD layer (at 0.6 mm distance) before it can reach the CD layer. Conversely, if a conventional CD is placed into an SACD player, the laser will read the disc as a CD since there is no SACD layer.<sup id="cite_ref-extremetech2001_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremetech2001-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-muszeroldal_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muszeroldal-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Direct_Stream_Digital">Direct Stream Digital</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_Audio_CD&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Direct Stream Digital"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Direct_Stream_Digital" title="Direct Stream Digital">Direct Stream Digital</a></div> <p>SACD audio is stored in <a href="/wiki/Direct_Stream_Digital" title="Direct Stream Digital">Direct Stream Digital</a> (DSD) format using <a href="/wiki/Pulse-density_modulation" title="Pulse-density modulation">pulse-density modulation</a> (PDM) where audio amplitude is determined by the varying proportion of 1s and 0s. This contrasts with <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">compact disc</a> and conventional computer audio systems using <a href="/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation" title="Pulse-code modulation">pulse-code modulation</a> (PCM) where audio amplitude is determined by numbers encoded in the bit stream. Both modulations require neighboring samples to reconstruct the original waveform; the more neighboring samples, the lower the frequency that can be encoded. </p><p>DSD is <a href="/wiki/1-bit_DAC" title="1-bit DAC">1-bit</a>, has a sampling rate of 2.8224 <a href="/wiki/MHz" class="mw-redirect" title="MHz">MHz</a>, and makes use of <a href="/wiki/Noise_shaping" title="Noise shaping">noise shaping</a> <a href="/wiki/Quantization_(signal_processing)" title="Quantization (signal processing)">quantization</a> techniques in order to push 1-bit quantization noise up to inaudible ultrasonic frequencies. This gives the format a greater <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_range" title="Dynamic range">dynamic range</a> and wider frequency response than the CD. The SACD format is capable of delivering a dynamic range of 120 <a href="/wiki/Decibel" title="Decibel">dB</a> from 20 Hz to 20 kHz and an extended frequency response up to 100 kHz, although most available players list an upper limit of 70–90 kHz,<sup id="cite_ref-Reefman_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reefman-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and practical limits reduce this to 50 kHz.<sup id="cite_ref-extremetech2001_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremetech2001-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the nature of <a href="/wiki/Delta-sigma_modulation" title="Delta-sigma modulation">sigma-delta converters</a>, DSD and PCM cannot be directly compared. DSD's frequency response can be as high as 100 kHz, but frequencies that high compete with high levels of ultrasonic <a href="/wiki/Quantization_error" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantization error">quantization noise</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ambisonic2001_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ambisonic2001-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With appropriate <a href="/wiki/Low-pass_filter" title="Low-pass filter">low-pass filtering</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Frequency_response" title="Frequency response">frequency response</a> of 20 kHz can be achieved along with a dynamic range of nearly 120 dB, which is about the same dynamic range as PCM audio with a resolution of 20 bits.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Direct_Stream_Transfer">Direct Stream Transfer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_Audio_CD&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Direct Stream Transfer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To reduce the space and bandwidth requirements of DSD, a <a href="/wiki/Lossless_data_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Lossless data compression">lossless data compression</a> method called <b>Direct Stream Transfer</b> (<b>DST</b>) is used. DST compression is compulsory for multi-channel regions and optional for stereo regions. It typically compresses by a factor of between two and three, allowing a disc to contain 80 minutes of both 2-channel and 5.1-channel sound.<sup id="cite_ref-direct-stream-digital_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-direct-stream-digital-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Direct Stream Transfer compression was standardized as an amendment to the <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Audio" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 Audio">MPEG-4 Audio</a> standard, <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC">ISO/IEC</a> 14496-3:2001/Amd 6:2005 (Lossless coding of oversampled audio), in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-dst-iso_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dst-iso-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dst-iso2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dst-iso2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It contains the DSD and DST definitions as described in the Super Audio CD Specification.<sup id="cite_ref-dst-iso-ipsj_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dst-iso-ipsj-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MPEG-4 DST provides lossless coding of oversampled audio signals. Target applications of DST are archiving and storage of <a href="/wiki/1-bit_DAC" title="1-bit DAC">1-bit</a> oversampled audio signals and SA-CD.<sup id="cite_ref-dst-chiariglione_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dst-chiariglione-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dst-chiariglione-old_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dst-chiariglione-old-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mpeg4audio-version4-2009_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg4audio-version4-2009-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Reference_implementation" title="Reference implementation">reference implementation</a> of MPEG-4 DST was published as ISO/IEC 14496-5:2001/Amd.10:2007 in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-dst-reference-implementation_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dst-reference-implementation-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dst-reference-implementation-iso_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dst-reference-implementation-iso-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Copy_protection">Copy protection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_Audio_CD&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Copy protection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SACD has several <a href="/wiki/Copy_protection" title="Copy protection">copy protection</a> features at the physical level, which made the digital content of SACD discs difficult to copy until the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3_Jailbreak" title="PlayStation 3 Jailbreak">jailbreak of the PlayStation 3</a>. The content may be copyable without SACD quality by resorting to the <a href="/wiki/Analog_hole" title="Analog hole">analog hole</a>, or ripping the conventional 700 MB layer on hybrid discs. Copy protection schemes include physical pit modulation and 80-bit <a href="/wiki/Encryption" title="Encryption">encryption</a> of the audio data, with a key encoded on a special area of the disc that is only readable by a licensed SACD device. The HD layer of an SACD disc cannot be played back on computer CD/DVD drives, and SACDs can only be manufactured at the disc replication facilities in <a href="/wiki/Shizuoka_Prefecture" title="Shizuoka Prefecture">Shizuoka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sa-cd-net-news_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sa-cd-net-news-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dvddemystified_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dvddemystified-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, a <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a> with an SACD drive and appropriate firmware can use specialized software to extract a <a href="/wiki/Direct_Stream_Digital" title="Direct Stream Digital">DSD</a> copy of the HD stream.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sound_quality">Sound quality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_Audio_CD&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sound quality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/High-resolution_audio#Controversy" title="High-resolution audio">High-resolution audio § Controversy</a></div> <p>Sound quality parameters achievable by the Red Book <a href="/wiki/CD-DA" class="mw-redirect" title="CD-DA">CD-DA</a> and SACD formats compared with the limits of human hearing are as follows: </p> <dl><dt>CD</dt> <dd>Dynamic range: 90 dB;<sup id="cite_ref-Fries2005_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fries2005-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 120 dB (with shaped <a href="/wiki/Dither" title="Dither">dither</a>);<sup id="cite_ref-xiph_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xiph-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> frequency range: 20 Hz—20 kHz<sup id="cite_ref-Middleton,_Zak_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Middleton,_Zak-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>SACD</dt> <dd>Dynamic range: 105 dB;<sup id="cite_ref-Middleton,_Zak_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Middleton,_Zak-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> frequency range: 20 Hz— 50 kHz<sup id="cite_ref-extremetech2001_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremetech2001-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Human hearing</dt> <dd>Dynamic range: 120 dB;<sup id="cite_ref-springer_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-springer-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> frequency range: 20 Hz—20 kHz (young person); 20 Hz—8–15 kHz (middle-aged adult)<sup id="cite_ref-springer_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-springer-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>In September 2007, the Audio Engineering Society published the results of a year-long trial, in which a range of subjects—including professional recording engineers—were asked to discern the difference between <a href="/wiki/High-resolution_audio" title="High-resolution audio">high-resolution audio</a> sources (including SACD and <a href="/wiki/DVD-Audio" title="DVD-Audio">DVD-Audio</a>) and a compact disc audio (44.1 kHz/16 bit) conversion of the same source material under <a href="/wiki/Blind_experiment#Double-blind_trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Blind experiment">double-blind</a> test conditions. Out of 554 trials, there were 276 correct answers, a 49.8% success rate corresponding almost exactly to the 50% that would have been expected by <a href="/wiki/Statistical_significance" title="Statistical significance">chance guessing</a> alone.<sup id="cite_ref-Galo_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Galo-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the level of the signal was elevated by 14 dB or more, the test subjects were able to detect the higher <a href="/wiki/Noise_floor" title="Noise floor">noise floor</a> of the CD-quality loop easily. The authors commented:<sup id="cite_ref-AES_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AES-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> Now, it is very difficult to use negative results to prove the inaudibility of any given phenomenon or process. There is always the remote possibility that a different system or more finely attuned pair of ears would reveal a difference. But we have gathered enough data, using sufficiently varied and capable systems and listeners, to state that the burden of proof has now shifted. Further claims that careful 16/44.1 encoding audibly degrades high resolution signals must be supported by properly controlled double-blind tests. </p></blockquote> <p>Following criticism that the original published results of the study were not sufficiently detailed, the AES published a list of the audio equipment and recordings used during the tests.<sup id="cite_ref-mixonline_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mixonline-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the Meyer–Moran study in 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-drew_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drew-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> approximately 80 studies have been published on high-resolution audio, about half of which included blind tests. <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reiss" title="Joshua Reiss">Joshua Reiss</a> performed a meta-analysis on 20 of the published tests that included sufficient experimental detail and data. In a paper published in the July 2016 issue of the AES Journal,<sup id="cite_ref-reiss_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reiss-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reiss says that, although the individual tests had mixed results, and that the effect was "small and difficult to detect," the overall result was that trained listeners could distinguish between high-resolution recordings and their CD equivalents under blind conditions: "Overall, there was a small but statistically significant ability to discriminate between standard-quality audio (44.1 or 48 kHz, 16 bit) and high-resolution audio (beyond standard quality). When subjects were trained, the ability to discriminate was far more significant." Hiroshi Nittono pointed out that the results in Reiss's paper showed that the ability to distinguish high-resolution audio from CD-quality audio was "only slightly better than chance."<sup id="cite_ref-Nittono_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nittono-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contradictory results have been found when comparing DSD and high-resolution PCM formats. <a href="/wiki/ABX_test" title="ABX test">Double-blind listening tests</a> in 2004 between DSD and 24-bit, 176.4 kHz PCM recordings reported that among test subjects no significant differences could be heard.<sup id="cite_ref-Blech_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blech-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DSD advocates and equipment manufacturers continue to assert an improvement in sound quality above PCM 24-bit 176.4 kHz.<sup id="cite_ref-korg_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-korg-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2003 study found that despite both formats' extended frequency responses, people could not distinguish audio with information above 21 kHz from audio without such high-frequency content.<sup id="cite_ref-NHK_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHK-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2014 study, however, Marui et al. found that under double-blind conditions, listeners were able to distinguish between PCM (192 kHz/24 bits) and DSD (2.8 MHz) or DSD (5.6 MHz) recording formats, preferring the qualitative features of DSD, but could not discriminate between the two DSD formats.<sup id="cite_ref-Marui_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marui-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Playback_hardware">Playback hardware</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_Audio_CD&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Playback hardware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Sony SCD-1 player was introduced concurrently with the SACD format in 1999, at a price of approximately US$5,000.<sup id="cite_ref-audiophilia_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-audiophilia-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It weighed over 26 kilograms (57 lb) and played two-channel SACDs and <a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio" title="Compact Disc Digital Audio">Red Book</a> CDs only. Electronics manufacturers, including <a href="/wiki/Onkyo" title="Onkyo">Onkyo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Onkyo_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Onkyo-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Denon" title="Denon">Denon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Denon_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denon-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marantz" title="Marantz">Marantz</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Marantz1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marantz1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Marantz2_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marantz2-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Corporation" title="Pioneer Corporation">Pioneer</a><sup id="cite_ref-Pioneer1_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pioneer1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pioneer2_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pioneer2-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Corporation" title="Yamaha Corporation">Yamaha</a><sup id="cite_ref-Yamaha_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yamaha-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> offer or offered SACD players. <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> has made in-car SACD players.<sup id="cite_ref-highfidelityreview_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-highfidelityreview-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to play back SACD content digitally without any conversion, some players are able to offer an output carrying encrypted streams of DSD, either via <a href="/wiki/IEEE_1394" title="IEEE 1394">IEEE 1394</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or more commonly, <a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SACD players are not permitted to offer an output carrying an unencrypted stream of DSD.<sup id="cite_ref-sacd-playback_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sacd-playback-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first two generations of Sony's PlayStation 3 game console were capable of reading SACD discs. Starting with the third generation (introduced October 2007), SACD playback was removed.<sup id="cite_ref-ps3sacd-faq_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ps3sacd-faq-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All PlayStation 3 models, however, will play DSD Disc format. The PlayStation 3 was capable of converting multi-channel DSD to <a href="/wiki/Lossy" class="mw-redirect" title="Lossy">lossy</a> 1.5 Mbit/s <a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a> for playback over <a href="/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a> using the 2.00 <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3_system_software" title="PlayStation 3 system software">system software</a>. The subsequent revision removed the feature.<sup id="cite_ref-ps3sacd-news-2007-11-22_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ps3sacd-news-2007-11-22-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several brands have introduced (mostly <a href="/wiki/High-end_audio" title="High-end audio">high-end</a>) <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Blu-ray Disc">Blu-ray Disc</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a> players that can play SACD discs.<sup id="cite_ref-ps3sacd-players_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ps3sacd-players-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unofficial playback of SACD <a href="/wiki/Disc_image" class="mw-redirect" title="Disc image">disc images</a> on a PC is possible through <a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">freeware</a> <a href="/wiki/Audio_player_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio player (software)">audio player</a> <a href="/wiki/Foobar2000" title="Foobar2000">foobar2000</a> for <a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a> using an <a href="/wiki/Open-source_license" title="Open-source license">open source</a> plug-in extension called <a href="/w/index.php?title=SACDDecoder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SACDDecoder (page does not exist)">SACDDecoder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> music software <a href="/w/index.php?title=Audirvana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Audirvana (page does not exist)">Audirvana</a> also supports playback of SACD disc images.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_Audio_CD&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DSD-CD" class="mw-redirect" title="DSD-CD">DSD-CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DualDisc" title="DualDisc">DualDisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Resolution_Compact_Disc" title="Extended Resolution Compact Disc">Extended Resolution Compact Disc</a> (XRCD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Definition_Compatible_Digital" title="High Definition Compatible Digital">High Definition Compatible Digital</a> (HDCD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_audio_formats" title="Timeline of audio formats">Timeline of audio formats</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_Audio_CD&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-guardian2007-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardian2007_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian2007_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJack_Schofield2007" class="citation news cs1">Jack Schofield (2 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2007/aug/02/guardianweeklytechnologysection.digitalmusic">"No taste for high-quality audio"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=samplerateconverter.com&rft.atitle=Foobar2000+%7C+How+to+play+DSD%3A+DSF+DFF+SACD+ISO%3F&rft.date=2018-11-01&rft.aulast=Korzunov&rft.aufirst=Yuri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsamplerateconverter.com%2Feducational%2Fplay-dsf-foobar2000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuper+Audio+CD" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://community.audirvana.com/t/is-it-possible-to-play-sacd-iso-files-directly-in-audirvana/23276">"Is it possible to play SACD .ISO files directly in AUdirvana"</a>. <i>Audirvana</i>. 2021-03-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Audirvana&rft.atitle=Is+it+possible+to+play+SACD+.ISO+files+directly+in+AUdirvana&rft.date=2021-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommunity.audirvana.com%2Ft%2Fis-it-possible-to-play-sacd-iso-files-directly-in-audirvana%2F23276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuper+Audio+CD" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_Audio_CD&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Janssen, E.; Reefman, D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1226728">"Super-audio CD: an introduction".</a> <i>Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE</i> Volume 20, Issue 4, July 2003, pp. 83–90.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_Audio_CD&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080308232011/http://www.sel.sony.com/SEL/consumer/dsd/dsd.pdf"><i>Super Audio Compact Disc: A Technical Proposal</i></a>, Sony (archived PDF)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sa-cd.net/">SA-CD.net</a> Reviews of SACD releases and a discussion forum.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Physical_audio_recording_formats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Audio_formats" title="Template:Audio formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Audio_formats" title="Template talk:Audio formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Audio_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Audio formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Physical_audio_recording_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Physical <a href="/wiki/Audio_recording_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio recording format">audio recording formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_engraving" title="Music engraving">Mechanical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_box#Evolving_box_production" title="Music box">Music box cylinder or disc</a> (9th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuckoo_clock#First_modern_cuckoo_clocks" title="Cuckoo clock">Mechanical cuckoo</a> (early 17th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punched_card" title="Punched card">Punched card</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_roll" title="Music roll">Music roll</a> (1883)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analog_recording" title="Analog recording">Analog</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grooved surface</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phonautograph" title="Phonautograph">Phonautogram</a> (1857)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grooved <a href="/wiki/Phonograph_cylinder" title="Phonograph cylinder">cylinder</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_cylinder#Early_development" title="Phonograph cylinder">Phonograph cylinder</a> (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphophone" title="Graphophone">Graphophone</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dictaphone" title="Dictaphone">Dictaphone cylinder</a> (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_cylinder#Early_development" title="Phonograph cylinder">Perfected phonograph</a>/<a href="/wiki/Edison_Records#Mass-produced_cylinders" title="Edison Records">Ediphone</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9_Records#Pathé_cylinders_and_discs" title="Pathé Records">Salon cylinder</a> (1890s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9_Records#Pathé_cylinders_and_discs" title="Pathé Records">Stentor cylinder</a> (1890s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9_Records#Pathé_cylinders_and_discs" title="Pathé Records">Le Céleste cylinder</a> (1890s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edison_Records#Mass-produced_cylinders" title="Edison Records">Gold moulded record</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indestructible_Record_Company" title="Indestructible Record Company">Indestructible record</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edison_Records#Mass-produced_cylinders" title="Edison Records">Amberol record</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Amberol_Records" title="Blue Amberol Records">Blue Amberol record</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9_Records#Pathé_cylinders_and_discs" title="Pathé Records">Paradis cylinder</a> (1913)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grooved disc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">Phonograph record</a> (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9_Records#Pathé_cylinders_and_discs" title="Pathé Records">Pathé disc</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edison_Disc_Record" title="Edison Disc Record">Diamond disc</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9_Records#Pathé_cylinders_and_discs" title="Pathé Records">Pathé Actuelle</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edison_Voicewriter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edison Voicewriter (page does not exist)">Edison Voicewriter</a> (late 1940s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoundScriber" title="SoundScriber">SoundScriber</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_Audograph" title="Gray Audograph">Audograph</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LP_record" title="LP record">Long play</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_Hi-Fi" title="Highway Hi-Fi">Highway Hi-Fi</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandai_8ban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandai 8ban (page does not exist)">Bandai 8ban</a> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grooved tape</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tefifon#1930s" title="Tefifon">Tefiphon/Teficord (early 1930s), Tefifon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictabelt" title="Dictabelt">Dictabelt</a> (1947)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sound-on-film" title="Sound-on-film">Sound-on-film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phonofilm" title="Phonofilm">Phonofilm</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-Ergon" title="Tri-Ergon">Tri-Ergon</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movietone_sound_system" title="Movietone sound system">Movietone</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCA_Photophone" title="RCA Photophone">Photophone</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasound" title="Fantasound">Fantasound</a> (1940)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Loose magnetic <a href="/wiki/Wire" title="Wire">wire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wire_recording" title="Wire recording">Wire recording</a> (1898)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magnetic <a href="/wiki/Wire" title="Wire">wire</a> cartridge</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorenz_Textophon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorenz Textophon (page does not exist)">Lorenz Textophon</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Army_RD-11B/GNQ-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="US Army RD-11B/GNQ-1 (page does not exist)">US Army RD-11B/GNQ-1</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmos_Industries_MX-303A/ANQ-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosmos Industries MX-303A/ANQ-1 (page does not exist)">Cosmos Industries MX-303A/ANQ-1</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RCA_MI-12875&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RCA MI-12875 (page does not exist)">RCA MI-12875</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RCA_MI-12877&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RCA MI-12877 (page does not exist)">RCA MI-12877</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peirce_265B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peirce 265B (page does not exist)">Peirce 265B</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peirce_330/360&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peirce 330/360 (page does not exist)">Peirce 330/360</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protona_Minifon_P51&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protona Minifon P51 (page does not exist)">Protona Minifon P51</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protona_Minifon_P55&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protona Minifon P55 (page does not exist)">Protona Minifon P55</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protona_Minifon_special&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protona Minifon special (page does not exist)">Protona Minifon special</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crouzet-Jaeger_cartridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crouzet-Jaeger cartridge (page does not exist)">Crouzet-Jaeger cartridge</a> (1962)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magnetic surface</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_stripe_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic stripe card">Magnetic stripe card</a> (1900)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telefunken_magnetic_disc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telefunken magnetic disc (page does not exist)">Telefunken magnetic disc</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermionic_Products_Recordon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermionic Products Recordon (page does not exist)">Thermionic Products Recordon</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Record_Maker_Pye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Record Maker Pye (page does not exist)">Record Maker Pye</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricoh_Synchrofax" title="Ricoh Synchrofax">Synchrofax</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_High_Density" title="Video High Density">Audio High Density</a> (1978)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reel-to-reel_audio_tape_recording" title="Reel-to-reel audio tape recording">Loose (reel-to-reel)</a> <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">magnetic tape</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Blattner#Career" title="Ludwig Blattner">Blattnerphone</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetophon" title="Magnetophon">Magnetophon</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_tape_specifications#Reel-to-reel_¼"" title="Audio tape specifications">1/4" tape</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_tape_specifications#Studio_tape_formats" title="Audio tape specifications">1/2" tape</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_tape_specifications#Studio_tape_formats" title="Audio tape specifications">Fullcoat magfilm</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_tape_specifications#Studio_tape_formats" title="Audio tape specifications">Stripe magfilm</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_multitrack_recording#Ampex's_original_8-track_recorder" title="History of multitrack recording">1" tape</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_multitrack_recording#Large_format_analog_recorders" title="History of multitrack recording">2" tape</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3/4%22_tape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3/4" tape (page does not exist)">3/4" tape</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_tape_specifications#Studio_tape_formats" title="Audio tape specifications">3" tape</a> (1978)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">Magnetic tape</a> cartridge</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loewe_(electronics)#Company_history" title="Loewe (electronics)">Optaphon</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cousino_Echo-matic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cousino Echo-matic (page does not exist)">Cousino Echo-matic</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohawk_Message_repeater_cartridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohawk Message repeater cartridge (page does not exist)">Mohawk Message repeater cartridge</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grundig_Business_Systems#History" title="Grundig Business Systems">Stenorette</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohawk_Midgetape_RL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohawk Midgetape RL (page does not exist)">Mohawk Midgetape RL</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictaphone_Dictet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dictaphone Dictet (page does not exist)">Dictaphone Dictet</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rediffusion_Reditune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rediffusion Reditune (page does not exist)">Rediffusion Reditune</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saba_Sabafon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saba Sabafon (page does not exist)">Saba Sabafon</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCA_tape_cartridge" title="RCA tape cartridge">RCA tape cartridge</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philips_EL_3581&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philips EL 3581 (page does not exist)">Philips EL 3581</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protona_Attach%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protona Attaché (page does not exist)">Protona Attaché</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidelipac" title="Fidelipac">Fidelipac</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cousino_MR-9000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cousino MR-9000 (page does not exist)">Cousino MR-9000</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Magnabelt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM Magnabelt (page does not exist)">IBM Magnabelt</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictaphone_Travel_master&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dictaphone Travel master (page does not exist)">Dictaphone Travel master</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nippon_Electronic_Vity_cassette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nippon Electronic Vity cassette (page does not exist)">Nippon Electronic Vity cassette</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundig_Cassette_LFH_0084&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grundig Cassette LFH 0084 (page does not exist)">Grundig Cassette LFH 0084</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orrtronic_Tapette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orrtronic Tapette (page does not exist)">Orrtronic Tapette</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_Tape#Trade_names" title="Scotch Tape">3M Scotch</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cousino" title="Bernard Cousino">Cousino Echo-matic II</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereo-Pak" title="Stereo-Pak">Stereo-Pak</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philips_EL_3583&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philips EL 3583 (page does not exist)">Philips EL 3583</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact cassette">Compact cassette</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundig_En3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grundig En3 (page does not exist)">Grundig En3</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabamobil" title="Sabamobil">Sabamobil</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-track_cartridge" title="8-track cartridge">8-track</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanyo_Micro_Pack_35" title="Sanyo Micro Pack 35">Micro pack 35</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assmann-Stuzzi_Memocord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Assmann-Stuzzi Memocord (page does not exist)">Assmann-Stuzzi Memocord</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantata_700" title="Cantata 700">Cantata 700</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC-International" title="DC-International">DC-International</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nippon_Electronic_Memo-call&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nippon Electronic Memo-call (page does not exist)">Nippon Electronic Memo-call</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayTape" title="PlayTape">PlayTape</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muntz_Stereo_Mini-twin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muntz Stereo Mini-twin (page does not exist)">Muntz Stereo Mini-twin</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundig_DeJ614&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grundig DeJ614 (page does not exist)">Grundig DeJ614</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microcassette" title="Microcassette">Microcassette</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanyo_Tape_cartridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanyo Tape cartridge (page does not exist)">Sanyo Tape cartridge</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HiPac" title="HiPac">HiPac</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steno-Cassette" title="Steno-Cassette">Steno-Cassette</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grundig_Business_Systems#History" title="Grundig Business Systems">Stenorette DL</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capitol_Records_Audiopak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capitol Records Audiopak (page does not exist)">Capitol Records Audiopak</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elcaset" title="Elcaset">Elcaset</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandai_micro_cartridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandai micro cartridge (page does not exist)">Bandai micro cartridge</a> (late 1980s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picocassette" title="Picocassette">Picocassette</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_Rockers" title="Pocket Rockers">Pocket Rockers</a> (1988)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analog-to-digital_converter" title="Analog-to-digital converter">Analog-to-digital converter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soundstream#Digital_Tape_Recorder" title="Soundstream">Soundstream</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProDigi" title="ProDigi">X80/ProDigi</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Stationary_Head" title="Digital Audio Stationary Head">DASH</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCM_adaptor" title="PCM adaptor">PCM adaptor</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DA-88" title="DA-88">DA-88/DTRS</a> (1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_recording" title="Digital recording">Digital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">Magnetic tape</a> cartridge</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Tape" title="Digital Audio Tape">Digital Audio Tape</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NT_(cassette)" title="NT (cassette)">NT</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Compact_Cassette" title="Digital Compact Cassette">Digital Compact Cassette</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sound-on-film" title="Sound-on-film">Sound-on-film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">DD</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Digital_Sound" title="Cinema Digital Sound">CDS</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Dynamic_Digital_Sound" title="Sony Dynamic Digital Sound">SDDS</a> (1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_recording_technologies" title="Optical disc recording technologies">Optical disc</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio" title="Compact Disc Digital Audio">Compact Disc Digital Audio</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philips_CD-BGM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philips CD-BGM (page does not exist)">Philips CD-BGM</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiniDisc" title="MiniDisc">MiniDisc</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDCD" class="mw-redirect" title="HDCD">HDCD</a> (1995)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Super Audio CD</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-Audio" title="DVD-Audio">DVD-Audio</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DataPlay" title="DataPlay">DataPlay</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi-MD" title="Hi-MD">Hi-MD</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DualDisc" title="DualDisc">DualDisc</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BD-Audio" class="mw-redirect" title="BD-Audio">BD-Audio</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Fidelity_Pure_Audio" title="High Fidelity Pure Audio">HFPA</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Quality_Authenticated" title="Master Quality Authenticated">MQA-CD</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_storage" title="Solid-state storage">Electronic circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sound_chip" title="Sound chip">Sound chip</a> (late 1970s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3_player" class="mw-redirect" title="MP3 player">MP3 player</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HitClips" title="HitClips">HitClips</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaboom_Box&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaboom Box (page does not exist)">Yaboom Box</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Takara_E-kara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takara E-kara (page does not exist)">Takara E-kara</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toymax_VJ_Starz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toymax VJ Starz (page does not exist)">Toymax VJ Starz</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB_flash_drive#Media_storage_and_marketing" title="USB flash drive">USB flash drive</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Digital#Music_distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Digital">MicroSD</a> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hybrid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mini-cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Mini-cassette">Mini-cassette</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-matic" title="U-matic">U-matic</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pioneer_Artists_Compact_LaserDisc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pioneer Artists Compact LaserDisc (page does not exist)">Pioneer Artists Compact LaserDisc</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD_Video" title="CD Video">CD Video</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAT" title="ADAT">ADAT</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_emulation_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyl emulation software">Timecode vinyl</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VinylDisc" title="VinylDisc">VinylDisc</a> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="High-definition_(HD)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:High-definition" title="Template:High-definition"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:High-definition" title="Template talk:High-definition"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:High-definition" title="Special:EditPage/Template:High-definition"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="High-definition_(HD)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">High-definition (HD)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">High-definition television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_video" title="High-definition video">High-definition video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">Ultra-high-definition television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resolutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p (HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">1080i (Full HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p (Full HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1440p" title="1440p">1440p (Quad HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">2160p (4K Ultra HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">4320p (8K Ultra HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16K_resolution" title="16K resolution">8640p (16K Ultra HD)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analog_high-definition_television_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog high-definition television system">Analog broadcast</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(All defunct)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analog_high-definition_television_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog high-definition television system">819 line system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplexed_Analogue_Components" title="Multiplexed Analogue Components">HD MAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_sub-Nyquist_sampling_encoding" title="Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding">MUSE (Hi-Vision)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital broadcast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DMB-T/H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB">ISDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">SBTVD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">Dolby Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">Surround sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Stream_Digital" title="Direct Stream Digital">DSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_eXtreme_Definition" title="Digital eXtreme Definition">DXD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Filming and storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Initiatives" title="Digital Cinema Initiatives">DCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDV" title="HDV">HDV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High-definition_pre-recorded_media_and_compression" title="High-definition pre-recorded media and compression">HD media and<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archival_Disc" title="Archival Disc">Archival Disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Blue_High-definition_Disc" title="China Blue High-definition Disc">CBHD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-VHS" title="D-VHS">D-VHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-Audio" title="DVD-Audio">DVD-Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">H.264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">H.265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">H.266</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Multilayer_Disc" title="Versatile Multilayer Disc">HD VMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">MPEG-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laserdisc#MUSE_LD" class="mw-redirect" title="Laserdisc">MUSE LaserDisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiview_Video_Coding" title="Multiview Video Coding">MVC</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Super Audio CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncompressed_video" title="Uncompressed video">Uncompressed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VC-1" title="VC-1">VC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W-VHS" title="W-VHS">W-VHS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Component_video" title="Component video">Component</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Visual_Interface" title="Digital Visual Interface">DVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VGA_connector" title="VGA connector">VGA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deployments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_digital_television_deployments_by_country" title="List of digital television deployments by country">List of digital television deployments by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rainbow_Books" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rainbow_Books" title="Template:Rainbow Books"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rainbow_Books" title="Template talk:Rainbow Books"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rainbow_Books" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rainbow Books"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rainbow_Books" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Books" title="Rainbow Books">Rainbow Books</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Red Book <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio" title="Compact Disc Digital Audio">CD-DA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD-Text" title="CD-Text">CD-Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD%2BG" title="CD+G">CD+G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_%2B_Extended_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact Disc + Extended Graphics">CD+EG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Book_(CD_standard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Book (CD standard)">Green Book</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philips_CD-i" class="mw-redirect" title="Philips CD-i">CD-i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD-i_Ready" title="CD-i Ready">CD-i Ready</a></li></ul></li> <li>Yellow Book <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD-ROM#CD-ROM_format" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM XA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_Mode_CD" title="Mixed Mode CD">Mixed Mode CD</a></li></ul></li> <li>Orange Book <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD-RW#CD-MO" title="CD-RW">CD-MO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD-R" title="CD-R">CD-R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD-RW" title="CD-RW">CD-RW</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Book_(CD_standard)" title="White Book (CD standard)">White Book</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_CD" title="Video CD">VCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Video_CD" title="Super Video CD">SVCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Book_(CD_standard)" title="White Book (CD standard)">CD-i Bridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Book_(CD_standard)" title="Blue Book (CD standard)">Blue Book</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Book_(CD_standard)" title="Blue Book (CD standard)">E-CD/CD+</a></li></ul></li> <li>Beige Book <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photo_CD" title="Photo CD">PCD</a></li></ul></li> <li>Scarlet Book <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SACD</a></li></ul></li> <li>Purple Book <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double-density_compact_disc" title="Double-density compact disc">DDCD</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="DVD" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:DVD" title="Template:DVD"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:DVD" title="Template talk:DVD"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:DVD" title="Special:EditPage/Template:DVD"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="DVD" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/DVD_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD formats">Discs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiniDVD" title="MiniDVD">MiniDVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_card" title="DVD card">DVD card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-ROM" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD-ROM">DVD-ROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-RAM" title="DVD-RAM">DVD-RAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-Audio" title="DVD-Audio">DVD-Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-Video" title="DVD-Video">DVD-Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-R" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD-R">DVD-R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-R_DS" title="DVD-R DS">DVD-R DS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-R_DL" title="DVD-R DL">DVD-R DL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-RW" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD-RW">DVD-RW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD%2BR" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD+R">DVD+R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD%2BR_DS" title="DVD+R DS">DVD+R DS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD%2BR_DL" title="DVD+R DL">DVD+R DL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD%2BRW" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD+RW">DVD+RW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkjet_printable_DVD" title="Inkjet printable DVD">Inkjet printable DVD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">UDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_region_code" title="DVD region code">DVD region code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_and_DVD_copy_protection" title="Compact Disc and DVD copy protection">DVD copy protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Content_Scramble_System" title="Content Scramble System">CSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection" title="High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection">HDCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Access_Content_System" title="Advanced Access Content System">AACS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_authoring" title="DVD authoring">DVD authoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_burning" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD burning">DVD burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_ripping" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD ripping">DVD ripping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_recordable" title="DVD recordable">DVD recordable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anamorphic_DVD" class="mw-redirect" title="Anamorphic DVD">Anamorphic DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_Video_OBject" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD Video OBject">DVD Video OBject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-VR" title="DVD-VR">DVD-VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD%2BVR" title="DVD+VR">DVD+VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD%C2%B1R" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD±R">DVD±R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_Multi" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD Multi">DVD Multi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD_and_DVD_writing_speed" class="mw-redirect" title="CD and DVD writing speed">DVD writing speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_emulation" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD emulation">DVD emulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_rot" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD rot">DVD rot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVD_Forum" title="DVD Forum">DVD Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_Copy_Control_Association" title="DVD Copy Control Association">DVD Copy Control Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD%2BRW_Alliance" title="DVD+RW Alliance">DVD+RW Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware/<br />Software/<br />Content </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keep_case" title="Keep case">DVD case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VCR/DVD_combo" title="VCR/DVD combo">VCR/DVD combo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_player" title="DVD player">DVD player</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portable_DVD_player" title="Portable DVD player">Portable DVD player</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_recorder" title="DVD recorder">DVD recorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD drive">DVD drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_DVD" class="mw-redirect" title="External DVD">External DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_remote" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD remote">DVD remote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_ripper" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD ripper">DVD ripper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_game" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD game">DVD game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_single" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD single">DVD single</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_magazine" title="DVD magazine">DVD magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_documentary" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD documentary">DVD documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_to_DVD" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight to DVD">Straight to DVD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Court cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVD_Copy_Control_Ass%27n,_Inc._v._Bunner" title="DVD Copy Control Ass'n, Inc. v. Bunner">DVD CCA v Bunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_Copy_Control_Ass%27n,_Inc._v._Kaleidescape,_Inc." title="DVD Copy Control Ass'n, Inc. v. Kaleidescape, Inc.">DVD CCA v Kaleidescape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealNetworks,_Inc._v._DVD_Copy_Control_Ass%27n,_Inc." title="RealNetworks, Inc. v. DVD Copy Control Ass'n, Inc.">Real vs DVD CCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeCSS" title="DeCSS">DeCSS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_DVD_manufacturers" title="List of DVD manufacturers">DVD manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_DVD_recordable_manufacturers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of DVD recordable manufacturers">DVD recordable manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_DVD_authoring_applications" class="mw-redirect" title="List of DVD authoring applications">DVD authoring software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Compact_Disc_and_DVD_copy_protection_schemes" title="List of Compact Disc and DVD copy protection schemes">DVD copy protection schemes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CDVD" title="CDVD">cDVD</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SACD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DualDisc" title="DualDisc">DualDisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Versatile_Disc" title="Enhanced Versatile Disc">EVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Definition_Versatile_Disc" title="High-Definition Versatile Disc">HVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_Versatile_Disc" title="Forward Versatile Disc">FVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ML_DVD" class="mw-redirect" title="ML DVD">ML DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_DVD#DVD_/_HD_DVD_hybrid_discs" title="HD DVD">HD/DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_DVD#3×_DVD" title="HD DVD">3× DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BD5_(Blu-ray_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="BD5 (Blu-ray format)">BD5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BD9_(Blu-ray_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="BD9 (Blu-ray format)">BD9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_optical_discs" title="Nintendo optical discs">Nintendo discs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIVX" title="DIVX">Digital Video Express</a> (DIVX)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-D" title="DVD-D">DVD-D</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD_Video" title="CD Video">CD Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">Compact disc</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_CD" title="Video CD">VCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Video_CD" title="Super Video CD">SVCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio" title="Compact Disc Digital Audio">CD-DA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:DVD" title="Category:DVD">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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