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vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definicija_minerala_i_klasifikacija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definicija_minerala_i_klasifikacija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Definicija minerala i klasifikacija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Definicija_minerala_i_klasifikacija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Definicija minerala i klasifikacija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Definicija_minerala_i_klasifikacija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Klasifikacija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klasifikacija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Klasifikacija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klasifikacija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Podjela_prema_načinu_postanka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podjela_prema_načinu_postanka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Podjela prema načinu postanka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podjela_prema_načinu_postanka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fizičke_osobine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fizičke_osobine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fizičke osobine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fizičke_osobine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hemijske_osobine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hemijske_osobine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hemijske osobine</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hemijske_osobine-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Hemijske osobine</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hemijske_osobine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Silikatni_minerali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Silikatni_minerali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Silikatni minerali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Silikatni_minerali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karbonatni_minerali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karbonatni_minerali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Karbonatni minerali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karbonatni_minerali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sulfatni_minerali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sulfatni_minerali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Sulfatni minerali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sulfatni_minerali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Halidni_minerali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Halidni_minerali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Halidni minerali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Halidni_minerali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oksidni_minerali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oksidni_minerali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Oksidni minerali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oksidni_minerali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sulfidni_minerali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sulfidni_minerali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Sulfidni minerali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sulfidni_minerali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fosfatni_minerali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fosfatni_minerali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Fosfatni minerali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fosfatni_minerali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samorodni_elementi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samorodni_elementi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Samorodni elementi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samorodni_elementi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organska_klasa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organska_klasa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Organska klasa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organska_klasa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minerali_i_stijene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minerali_i_stijene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Minerali i stijene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minerali_i_stijene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drago_kamenje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drago_kamenje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Drago kamenje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drago_kamenje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Identifikacija_minerala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identifikacija_minerala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Identifikacija minerala</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Identifikacija_minerala-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Identifikacija minerala</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Identifikacija_minerala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hemijski_testovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hemijski_testovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Hemijski testovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hemijski_testovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pirognostički_testovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pirognostički_testovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Pirognostički testovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pirognostički_testovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galerija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galerija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Galerija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galerija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povezano" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povezano"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Povezano</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povezano-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_veze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_veze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Vanjske veze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_veze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Minerali</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 139 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-139" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">139 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraal" title="Mineraal — Afrikanerski" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mineraal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikanerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Švajcarsko nemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Švajcarsko nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Aragonežanski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonežanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="खनिज — Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="खनिज" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86" title="معدن — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معدن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5" title="খনিজ পদাৰ্থ — Asemijski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="খনিজ পদাৰ্থ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Asemijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Минерал — Avarski" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Минерал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="खनिज — Avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="खनिज" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87" title="معدنی ماده — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="معدنی ماده" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Минерал — Baškir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Минерал" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baškir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerals" title="Minerals — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Minerals" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Мінерал — Beloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мінерал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Beloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Мінэрал — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мінэрал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Минерал — Bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Минерал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="खनिज — Biharski" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="खनिज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Biharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C" title="খনিজ — Bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খনিজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maenad" title="Maenad — Bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Maenad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%99_%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%93%E1%8F%B3%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%B4%E1%8F%85" title="ᎦᏙ ᏂᏓᏳᏓᎴᏅ — Čeroki" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏙ ᏂᏓᏳᏓᎴᏅ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Čeroki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="کانزایی — centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کانزایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C3%A1l" title="Minerál — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Minerál" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Минерал — Čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Минерал" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwyn" title="Mwyn — Velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mwyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%8C" title="Ορυκτό — Grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ορυκτό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralo" title="Mineralo — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mineralo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraal" title="Mineraal — Estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mineraal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کانی — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraali" title="Mineraali — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mineraali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraal" title="Mineraal — Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Mineraal" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min%C3%A9ral" title="Minéral — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Minéral" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraal" title="Mineraal — Severno-frizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mineraal" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Severno-frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraal" title="Mineraal — Frizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mineraal" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mianra" title="Mianra — Irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mianra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min%C3%A9ral" title="Minéral — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Minéral" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Galski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mba%27ehekove%27%E1%BB%B9va" title="Mba'ehekove'ỹva — Gvarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mba'ehekove'ỹva" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Gvarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%9C" title="מינרל — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מינרל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="खनिज — Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खनिज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerali" title="Minerali — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Minerali" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Haićanski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haićanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81sv%C3%A1ny_(anyag)" title="Ásvány (anyag) — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ásvány (anyag)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="Միներալ — Jermenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միներալ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Jermenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerale" title="Minerale — Interlingve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Minerale" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralo" title="Mineralo — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mineralo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steind" title="Steind — Islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Steind" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerale" title="Minerale — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Minerale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%B1%E7%89%A9" title="鉱物 — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鉱物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minaral" title="Minaral — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Minaral" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="მინერალები — Gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მინერალები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Kara-kalpaški" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-kalpaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91%C9%A9%C9%A3l%C9%A9m_t%C9%9Bt%CA%8A" title="Ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Минерал — Kozački" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Минерал" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kozački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C" title="ಖನಿಜ — Kanada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಖನಿಜ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kanada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EB%AC%BC" title="광물 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="광물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Минерал — Kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Минерал" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerale" title="Minerale — Latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Minerale" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraj" title="Mineraj — lombardski" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mineraj" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AE%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ແຮ່ທາດ — Laoški" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແຮ່ທາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laoški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralas" title="Mineralas — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mineralas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C4%81ls" title="Minerāls — Letonski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Minerāls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="खनिज — Maitili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="खनिज" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maitili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraly" title="Mineraly — Malagazijski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mineraly" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagazijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Минерал — Makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Минерал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81" title="ധാതു — Malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ധാതു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Эрдэс — Mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эрдэс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="खनिज — Marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="खनिज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Mirandeški" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandeški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%BD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%85%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="တွင်းထွက်ပစ္စည်း — Burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တွင်းထွက်ပစ္စည်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Niski nemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Niski nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="खनिज — Nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="खनिज" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="खनिज — Nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="खनिज" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraal_(geologie)" title="Mineraal (geologie) — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mineraal (geologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Norveški njorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveški njorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerau" title="Minerau — Provansalski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Minerau" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Provansalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C" title="ਖਣਿਜ — Pandžabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖਣਿਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandžabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minera%C5%82" title="Minerał — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Minerał" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="معدنیات — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="معدنیات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84" title="منرال — Paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="منرال" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiqlla" title="Qiqlla — Kvenča" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qiqlla" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Kvenča" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralu" title="Mineralu — Aromanijski" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Mineralu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Минерал — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Минерал" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Мінералы — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Мінералы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%83" title="खानिजः — Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="खानिजः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minirali" title="Minirali — Sicilijanski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Minirali" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meeneral" title="Meeneral — Škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Meeneral" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C9%A3uz" title="Amɣuz — tahelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Amɣuz" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tahelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9B%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2" title="ඛනිජ — Singaleski" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඛනිජ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singaleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C3%A1l" title="Minerál — Slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Minerál" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Slovenački" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muchegwa" title="Muchegwa — Šona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Muchegwa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Šona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macdan" title="Macdan — Somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Macdan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerali" title="Minerali — Albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Minerali" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Минерал — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Минерал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Sudanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sudanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="preporučen članak"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madini" title="Madini — Svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Madini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/si%27elac" title="si'elac — Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="si'elac" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கனிமம் — Tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கனிமம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/bblbaliq" title="bblbaliq — Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="bblbaliq" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8A" title="ಕನಿಜೊ — Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಕನಿಜೊ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%82" title="ఖనిజం — Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఖనిజం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88" title="แร่ — Tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แร่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Мінерал — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мінерал" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86" title="معدن — Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معدن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kho%C3%A1ng_v%E1%BA%ADt" title="Khoáng vật — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khoáng vật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral — Varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mineral" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varej" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E7%89%A9" title="礦物 — Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="礦物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izimbiwa" title="Izimbiwa — Khosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Izimbiwa" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Khosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C" title="מינעראל — Jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מינעראל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvangvuz" title="Gvangvuz — Zuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gvangvuz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E7%89%A9" title="礦物 — Kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="礦物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%B2ng-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Khòng-bu̍t — min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khòng-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E7%89%A9" title="礦物 — kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="礦物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-content-subtitle" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Disambig.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/20px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/30px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/40px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span> <i>Za ostala značenja, vidi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali_(razvrstavanje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minerali (razvrstavanje) (stranica ne postoji)">Minerali (razvrstavanje)</a>.</i></dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Different_minerals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Different_minerals.jpg/200px-Different_minerals.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Different_minerals.jpg/300px-Different_minerals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Different_minerals.jpg/400px-Different_minerals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Minerali</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mineral</b> je prirodni homogeni <a href="/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal">kristal</a>, nastao kao rezultat <a href="/wiki/Geologija" title="Geologija">geoloških</a> procesa, sa definisanim hemijskim sastavom, koji ne mora biti stalan. Minerali su osnovna komponenta od koje su izgrađene <a href="/wiki/Stijena" title="Stijena">stijene</a> čvrste <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_kora" title="Zemljina kora">Zemljine kore</a>. Pojam mineral se ne odnosi samo na hemijski sastav, već i na strukturu minerala. Dva minerala mogu imati isti hemijski sastav, a različitu <a href="/wiki/Kristalna_struktura" title="Kristalna struktura">kristalnu strukturu</a>. Pravilna unutrašnja građa uvjetuje i pravilnu vanjsku građu minerala. Prema hemijskom sastavu, minerali mogu biti čisti <a href="/wiki/Kemijski_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemijski element">elementi</a> (nazivaju se samorodni elementi), jednostavne <a href="/wiki/Sol" title="Sol">soli</a>, složeni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silikatni_minerali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silikatni minerali (stranica ne postoji)">silikati</a>, itd. Nauka koja se bavi proučavanjem minerala se naziva <a href="/wiki/Mineralogija" title="Mineralogija">mineralogija</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definicija_minerala_i_klasifikacija">Definicija minerala i klasifikacija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Definicija minerala i klasifikacija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Definicija minerala i klasifikacija"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Rutile-unit-cell-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Rutile-unit-cell-3D-balls.png/150px-Rutile-unit-cell-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Rutile-unit-cell-3D-balls.png/225px-Rutile-unit-cell-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Rutile-unit-cell-3D-balls.png/300px-Rutile-unit-cell-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="784" /></a><figcaption>Struktura rutila</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Anatase-unit-cell-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Anatase-unit-cell-3D-balls.png/150px-Anatase-unit-cell-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Anatase-unit-cell-3D-balls.png/225px-Anatase-unit-cell-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Anatase-unit-cell-3D-balls.png/300px-Anatase-unit-cell-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="707" /></a><figcaption>Struktura anatasa</figcaption></figure> <p>Da bi bila svrstana u minerale, supstanca mora biti čvrsta i mora imati kristalnu strukturu. Takođe, mora se javljati u <a href="/wiki/Priroda" title="Priroda">prirodi</a>, kao homogena supstanca i imati određeni hemijski sastav. Tradicionalne definicije ne uključuju organske materije. Ipak, Internacionalna Mineraloška Asocijacija <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>. godine usvojila je novu definiciju: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Mineral je element ili hemijski spoj koji je obično kristalan i koji je nastao kao rezultat geoloških procesa.</i><sup id="cite_ref-Nickel_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nickel-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Nove klasifikacije uključuju i organsku klasu (nova Dana i Strunc klasifikaciona shema).<sup id="cite_ref-Dana_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dana-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Strunz_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strunz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hemijski sastav može varirati između konačnih članova mineralnog sistema. Na primer <a href="/wiki/Feldspat" title="Feldspat">feldspati</a> se sastoje od serije minerala koja se kreće od <a href="/wiki/Natrij" title="Natrij">natrijumom</a> bogatog <a href="/wiki/Albit" title="Albit">albita</a> (NaAlSi<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>) do <a href="/wiki/Kalcij" title="Kalcij">kalcijumom</a> bogatog <a href="/wiki/Anortit" title="Anortit">anortita</a> (CaAl<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>) i četiri prepoznatljiva hemijska sastava između. Mineralne supstance koje ne odgovaraju u potpunosti definiciji minerala ponekad se nazivaju <i>mineraloidima</i>. Mineraloidi su prirodne supstance, čija je struktura parcijalno kristalična. Mogu sadržavati nepravilnu strukturu zajedno sa pravilnom. Neki primjeri mineraloida su <a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">opal</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jantar" title="Jantar">ćilibar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cardarelli_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardarelli-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kristalna_struktura" title="Kristalna struktura">Kristalna struktura</a> uveliko utiče na fizičke osobine minerala, a najpoznatiji primjeri su <a href="/wiki/Dijamant" title="Dijamant">dijamant</a> i <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>, koji imaju isti hemijski sastav (<a href="/wiki/Ugljenik" title="Ugljenik">ugljik</a>), a različite osobine. Dijamant je najtvrđi mineral, dok je grafit izuzetno mehak. Ove osobine su posljedica različite unutrašnje građe. Grafit je slojevit, a dijamant ima trodimenzionalnu strukturu. <a href="/wiki/Anatas" title="Anatas">Anatas</a> i <a href="/wiki/Rutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutil">rutil</a> su također primjeri minerala sa istim hemijskim sastavom (<a href="/wiki/Titanijum_dioksid" title="Titanijum dioksid">titanijum dioksid</a>) a različitom strukturom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klasifikacija">Klasifikacija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Klasifikacija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Klasifikacija"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Klasifikacija po Hugo Strunzu:<sup id="cite_ref-Cardarelli_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardarelli-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Klasa I: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samorodni_elementi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samorodni elementi (stranica ne postoji)">Samorodni elementi</a></li> <li>Klasa II: <a href="/wiki/Sulfidni_minerali" title="Sulfidni minerali">Sulfidi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sulfidni_minerali" title="Sulfidni minerali">sulfosoli</a></li> <li>Klasa III: <a href="/wiki/Halidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Halidi">Halidi</a></li> <li>Klasa IV: <a href="/wiki/Oksidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Oksidi">Oksidi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Hidroksid" title="Hidroksid">hidroksidi</a></li> <li>Klasa V: <a href="/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat">Nitrati</a> <a href="/wiki/Karbonatni_minerali" title="Karbonatni minerali">karbonati</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borat_(hemija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borat (hemija) (stranica ne postoji)">borati</a></li> <li>Klasa VI: <a href="/wiki/Sulfat" title="Sulfat">Sulfati</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hromati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hromati (stranica ne postoji)">hromati</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdati (stranica ne postoji)">molibdati</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volframati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volframati (stranica ne postoji)">volframati</a></li> <li>Klasa VII: <a href="/wiki/Fosfat" title="Fosfat">Fosfati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsenat" title="Arsenat">arsenati</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadat (stranica ne postoji)">vanadati</a></li> <li>Klasa VIII: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silikatni_minerali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silikatni minerali (stranica ne postoji)">Silikatni minerali</a></li> <li>Klasa IX: Organske komponente i mineraloidi</li></ol> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Cuivre_Michigan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cuivre_Michigan.jpg/220px-Cuivre_Michigan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cuivre_Michigan.jpg/330px-Cuivre_Michigan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cuivre_Michigan.jpg/440px-Cuivre_Michigan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4036" data-file-height="2779" /></a><figcaption>Samorodni <a href="/wiki/Bakar" title="Bakar">bakar</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Klasifikacija po James Dwight Danau: </p> <ol><li>Klasa I: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samorodni_elementi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samorodni elementi (stranica ne postoji)">Samorodni elementi</a></li> <li>Klasa II: <a href="/wiki/Sulfidni_minerali" title="Sulfidni minerali">Sulfidi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sulfidni_minerali" title="Sulfidni minerali">sulfosoli</a></li> <li>Klasa III: <a href="/wiki/Oksidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Oksidi">Oksidi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Hidroksid" title="Hidroksid">hidroksidi</a></li> <li>Klasa IV: <a href="/wiki/Halidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Halidi">Halidi</a></li> <li>Klasa V: <a href="/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat">Nitrati</a> <a href="/wiki/Karbonatni_minerali" title="Karbonatni minerali">karbonati</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borat_(hemija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borat (hemija) (stranica ne postoji)">borati</a></li> <li>Klasa VI: <a href="/wiki/Sulfat" title="Sulfat">Sulfati</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arsenati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arsenati (stranica ne postoji)">arsenati</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hromati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hromati (stranica ne postoji)">hromati</a></li> <li>Klasa VII: <a href="/wiki/Fosfat" title="Fosfat">Fosfati</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdati (stranica ne postoji)">molibdati</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadati (stranica ne postoji)">vanadati</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volframati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volframati (stranica ne postoji)">volframati</a></li> <li>Klasa VIII: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silikatni_minerali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silikatni minerali (stranica ne postoji)">Silikatni minerali</a></li> <li>Klasa IX: Organski minerali</li></ol> <p>Teoretska hemijska formula minerala je jedinstvena i određuje samo jednu mineralnu vrstu. Praktično, stvarni hemijski sastav je varijabilan, jer su moguće izomorfne zamjene ili prisustvo tragova nečistoća. Relativna <a href="/wiki/Atomska_masa" title="Atomska masa">atomska masa</a> ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Relativna_molekulska_masa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relativna molekulska masa (stranica ne postoji)">molekularna masa</a> se izračunavaju iz teoretske formule. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Sulpherous_Fumeroles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sulpherous_Fumeroles.jpg/190px-Sulpherous_Fumeroles.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sulpherous_Fumeroles.jpg/285px-Sulpherous_Fumeroles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sulpherous_Fumeroles.jpg/380px-Sulpherous_Fumeroles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Sumporna fumarola (hidrotermalni otvor)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Podjela_prema_načinu_postanka"><span id="Podjela_prema_na.C4.8Dinu_postanka"></span>Podjela prema načinu postanka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Podjela prema načinu postanka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Podjela prema načinu postanka"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>S obzirom na način postanka, razlikujemo <i>pirogene</i> minerale koji su nastali kristalizacijom iz <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">magme</a>. Ako su nastali iz vodenih otopina, nazivamo ih <i>hidratogenima</i>, a ako su kristalizirali iz <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">plinova</a> i para, <i>pneumatskim</i> mineralima. Ako su minerali nastali iz vruće vode, riječ je o <i>hidrotermalnim</i> mineralima. <i>Organogeni</i> minerali nastali su djelovanjem organizama u vodenim otopinama. Ako su nastali djelovanjem biljaka, govorimo o <i>fitogenim</i>, a ako su nastali djelovanjem životinja, <i>zoogenim</i> mineralima. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fizičke_osobine"><span id="Fizi.C4.8Dke_osobine"></span>Fizičke osobine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Fizičke osobine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Fizičke osobine"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Fluorescent_minerals_hg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Fluorescent_minerals_hg.jpg/190px-Fluorescent_minerals_hg.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Fluorescent_minerals_hg.jpg/285px-Fluorescent_minerals_hg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Fluorescent_minerals_hg.jpg/380px-Fluorescent_minerals_hg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>Primjeri <a href="/wiki/Fluorescencija" title="Fluorescencija">fluorescentnih</a> minerala</figcaption></figure> <p>Fizičke osobine minerala omogućavaju njihovu identifikaciju. Neke minerale je moguće identifikovati samo na osnovu fizičkih osobina, dok je za neke potrebna dodatna kompleksnija i dugotrajnija analiza pomoću <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rendgenska_difrakcija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rendgenska difrakcija (stranica ne postoji)">rendgenske difrakcije</a>. Najvažnije fizičke osobine minerala su: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kristalni_sustav" title="Kristalni sustav">Kristalni sistem</a></i> i <i><a href="/wiki/Kristalni_habitus" title="Kristalni habitus">kristalni habitus</a></i>: Mineral može imati izraženu pravilnu kristalnu formu ili može biti masivan, granularan ili kompaktan, sa mikroskopski vidljivim kristalima.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tvrdo%C4%87a" title="Tvrdoća">Tvrdoća</a></i>: Tvrdoća minerala se određuje prema <a href="/wiki/Mohsova_skala_tvrdo%C4%87e" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohsova skala tvrdoće">Mohsovoj skali</a>. Mineral veće tvrdoće može ogrebati površinu minerala koji se na Mohsovoj skali nalaze ispod njega.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sjajnost" title="Sjajnost">Sjaj</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boja_(mineralogija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boja (mineralogija) (stranica ne postoji)">Boja</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogreb_(mineralogija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogreb (mineralogija) (stranica ne postoji)">Ogreb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalavost_(kristal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalavost (kristal) (stranica ne postoji)">Kalavost</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Specifi%C4%8Dna_te%C5%BEina" title="Specifična težina">Relativna gustoća</a></i></li> <li><i>Ostale osobine</i>: Osim navedenih osobina, neki minerali imaju i specifične osobine npr. <a href="/wiki/Fluorescencija" title="Fluorescencija">fluorescencija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnetizam" title="Magnetizam">magnetizam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radioaktivnost" title="Radioaktivnost">radioaktivnost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piezoelektricitet" class="mw-redirect" title="Piezoelektricitet">piezoelektricitet</a>, itd.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hemijske_osobine">Hemijske osobine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Hemijske osobine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Hemijske osobine"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Minerali se klasificiraju prema njihovom hemijskom sastavu. Sljedeća lista predstavlja grupe minerala prema njihovoj zastupljenosti u <a href="/wiki/Zemlja_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zemlja (planet)">Zemljinoj</a> kori (približno su poredane od najviše do najmanje zastupljenih): </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Silicate-chain-3D-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Silicate-chain-3D-vdW.png/220px-Silicate-chain-3D-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Silicate-chain-3D-vdW.png/330px-Silicate-chain-3D-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Silicate-chain-3D-vdW.png/440px-Silicate-chain-3D-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="294" /></a><figcaption>Lančana struktura silikata</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Silicate-sheet-3D-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Silicate-sheet-3D-vdW.png/220px-Silicate-sheet-3D-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Silicate-sheet-3D-vdW.png/330px-Silicate-sheet-3D-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Silicate-sheet-3D-vdW.png/440px-Silicate-sheet-3D-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="743" /></a><figcaption>Lisnata struktura silikata</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Silikatni_minerali">Silikatni minerali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Silikatni minerali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Silikatni minerali"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silikatni_minerali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silikatni minerali (stranica ne postoji)">Silikatni minerali</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Daleko najveća klasa su silikatni minerali. Oni sačinjavaju više od 95% <a href="/wiki/Stijena" title="Stijena">stijena</a>. Glavne komponente silkatnih minerala su <a href="/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij">silicijum</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksigen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oksigen (stranica ne postoji)">oksigen</a>, a sadrže i <a href="/wiki/Aluminijum" title="Aluminijum">aluminijum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnezij" title="Magnezij">magnezijum</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezo" title="Željezo">željezo</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kalcij" title="Kalcij">kalcijum</a>, a također i druge elemente. Klasificiraju se prema strukturi na odgovarajuće podklase. Neki od silikatnih minerala su <a href="/wiki/Kvarc" title="Kvarc">kvarc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olivin" title="Olivin">olivin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">topaz</a>, itd. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Karbonatni_minerali">Karbonatni minerali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Karbonatni minerali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Karbonatni minerali"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Karbonatni_minerali" title="Karbonatni minerali">Karbonatni minerali</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Karbonatni minerali sadrže <a href="/wiki/Karbonat" title="Karbonat">karbonat</a> <a href="/wiki/Anion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anion">anion</a>. Karbonati se često akumuliraju na <a href="/wiki/More" title="More">morskom</a> dnu, jer su ljušture morskih organizama građene od karbonata. Također se nalaze u <a href="/wiki/Sedimentne_stene#Evaporiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedimentne stene">evaporitima</a>. Rastvaranjem i taloženjem karbonatnih minerala nastaju <a href="/wiki/Stalaktiti" title="Stalaktiti">stalaktiti</a> i <a href="/wiki/Stalagmiti" title="Stalagmiti">stalagmiti</a>. Karbonatna klasa uključuje <a href="/wiki/Nitrat" title="Nitrat">nitrate</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borat_(hemija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borat (hemija) (stranica ne postoji)">borate</a>. Neki od karbonatnih minerala su <a href="/wiki/Kalcit" title="Kalcit">kalcit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aragonit" title="Aragonit">aragonit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malahit" title="Malahit">malahit</a>, itd. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Selpologne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Selpologne.jpg/220px-Selpologne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Selpologne.jpg/330px-Selpologne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Selpologne.jpg/440px-Selpologne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3780" data-file-height="3582" /></a><figcaption>Mineral halit kristališe u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kubi%C4%8Dni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kubični (stranica ne postoji)">kubičnom</a> kristalnom sistemu. Jasno su vidljivi kristali oblika kocke.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sulfatni_minerali">Sulfatni minerali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odjeljak Sulfatni minerali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Sulfatni minerali"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sulfatni minerali često nastaju u evaporitima pri sporom <a href="/wiki/Isparavanje" title="Isparavanje">isparavanju</a> <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vode</a>, gdje dolazi do kristalizacije sulfatnih i halidnih minerala. Sulfatni minerali se također pojavljuju u hidrotermalnim žilama, zajedno sa sulfidnim rudama. Još jedan način nastajanja sulfatnih minerala je sekundarna <a href="/wiki/Oksidacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Oksidacija">oksidacija</a> sulfidnih minerala. Neki od sulfatnih minerala su <a href="/wiki/Barit" title="Barit">barit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gips" title="Gips">gips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celestin_(mineral)" title="Celestin (mineral)">celestin</a>, itd. U sulfatnu klasu se ubrajaju i hromati, molibdati, selenati, sulfiti, telurati i volframati. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halidni_minerali">Halidni minerali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odjeljak Halidni minerali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Halidni minerali"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Halidi se kao i sulfati često nalaze u evaporitima. U halidne minerale spadaju prirodne <a href="/wiki/Sol" title="Sol">soli</a> kao što su <a href="/wiki/Halit" title="Halit">halit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Natrijum-hlorid" title="Natrijum-hlorid">natrijum hlorid</a>), <a href="/wiki/Fluorit" title="Fluorit">fluorit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kalcijum_fluorid" title="Kalcijum fluorid">kalcijum fluorid</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silvit (stranica ne postoji)">silvit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kalijum_hlorid" title="Kalijum hlorid">kalijum hlorid</a>), itd. U halide spadaju fluoridi, hloridi, bromidi i jodidi. Tipični halidni minerali su mehki, mogu biti transparentni i generalno nemaju veliku <a href="/wiki/Gustina" title="Gustina">gustoću</a>. Imaju dobru kalavost i obično su svijetlih boja.<sup id="cite_ref-Halidi_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halidi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oksidni_minerali">Oksidni minerali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odjeljak Oksidni minerali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Oksidni minerali"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oksidni minerali su jako važna klasa, jer se koriste kao rude za ekstrakciju vrijednih metala (npr. hematit). Oni također nose podatke o promjenama <a href="/wiki/Zemljino_magnetno_polje" class="mw-redirect" title="Zemljino magnetno polje">Zemljinog magnetnog polja</a>. Obično dolazi blizu površine Zemljine kore, zatim kao produkti oksidacije drugih minerala. Ova klasa uključuje i hidroksidne minerale. Veliki diverzitet ove klase minerala se objašnjava velikom zastupljenošću oksigena u Zemljinoj kori (preko 45% masenih procenata). Mnogi minerali iz drugih klasa bi se mogli svrstati pod klasu oksida (npr. kvarc SiO<sub>2</sub>, koji ipak pripada silikatnim mineralima), ali se po konvenciji, ova grupa ograničava na <i>nekompleksne</i> minerale koji sadrže <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksigen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oksigen (stranica ne postoji)">oksigen</a> ili hidroksid.<sup id="cite_ref-Oksidi_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oksidi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sulfidni_minerali">Sulfidni minerali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odjeljak Sulfidni minerali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Sulfidni minerali"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Sulfidni_minerali" title="Sulfidni minerali">Sulfidni minerali</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Sulfidni minerali su ekonomski jako važna klasa minerala, jer se upotrebljavaju kao <a href="/wiki/Ruda" title="Ruda">rude</a> za dobivanje <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metala</a>. Najvažniji sulfidni minerali su <a href="/wiki/Pirit" title="Pirit">pirit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halkopirit" title="Halkopirit">halkopirit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galenit" title="Galenit">galenit</a>. U sulfidnu klasu spadaju i selenidi, teluridi, arsenidi, antimonidi i sulfosoli. Većina sulfidnih mineral su neprozirni, metalnog sjaja, male do srednje tvrdoće, visoke gustoće, crnog ili sivog ogreba i magmatskog postanka. Također postoji i nekoliko staklastih i transparentnih minerala u sulfidnoj klasi (npr. <a href="/wiki/Cinabarit" title="Cinabarit">cinabarit</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Sulfidi_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sulfidi-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Pierre-img_0579.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Pierre-img_0579.jpg/220px-Pierre-img_0579.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Pierre-img_0579.jpg/330px-Pierre-img_0579.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Pierre-img_0579.jpg/440px-Pierre-img_0579.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Karpatit je rijetki mineral iz organske klase. Po hemijskom sastavu je policiklički aromatski <a href="/wiki/Ugljikovodici" title="Ugljikovodici">ugljikovodik</a> C<sub>24</sub>H<sub>12</sub></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fosfatni_minerali">Fosfatni minerali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odjeljak Fosfatni minerali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Fosfatni minerali"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U fosfatnu klasu spadaju minerali koji imaju tetraedarsku strukturu AO<sub>4</sub>, gdje je A <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosfor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">antimon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsenik" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenik">arsen</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Vanadijum" title="Vanadijum">vanadijum</a>. Osnovna tetraedaska jedinica može se kombinovati sa metalnim <a href="/wiki/Jon" title="Jon">ionima</a> u odnosu 1:1 ili davati još kompleksnije kombinacije sa <a href="/wiki/Hidroksid" title="Hidroksid">hidroksid</a> ionima, <a href="/wiki/Halogeni_elementi" title="Halogeni elementi">halogenima</a>, ili čak molekulama <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vode</a>. Fosfatni minerali su staklastog do mutnog sjaja, obično jako obojeni, srednje gustoće, srednje tvdoće (4 - 7), niskog <a href="/wiki/Indeks_prelamanja" title="Indeks prelamanja">indeksa prelamanja</a> (osim ako ne sadrže <a href="/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo">olovo</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Fosfati_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fosfati-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Najvažniji fosfatni mineral je <a href="/wiki/Apatit" title="Apatit">apatit</a>. Fosfatni minerali služe kao sirovina za proizvodnju fosfatnih đubriva.<sup id="cite_ref-Australianmines_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Australianmines-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Samorodni_elementi">Samorodni elementi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odjeljak Samorodni elementi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Samorodni elementi"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samorodni_elementi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samorodni elementi (stranica ne postoji)">Samorodni elementi</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Ova klasa uključuje metale (npr. <a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">zlato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro">srebro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bakar" title="Bakar">bakar</a>), nemetale (<a href="/wiki/Sumpor" title="Sumpor">sumpor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ugljenik" title="Ugljenik">ugljik</a>) i neke prirodne <a href="/wiki/Legura" title="Legura">legure</a>, silicide, nitride i karbide. Minerali samorodnih elemenata su dosta velika klasa, jer obuhvataju jako rasprostranjenu podklasu <a href="/wiki/Nemetal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nemetal">nemetala</a>. U ovu klasu ulaze legure, silicidi, i drugi spojevi, pa na prvi pogled može biti čudno što se u nju svrstavaju minerali koji se sastoje od više elemenata, a ne od samo jednog. Ova nedosljednost se objašnjava tako što se u klasu samorodnih elemenata svrstavaju samo minerali čije su <a href="/wiki/Hemijska_veza" title="Hemijska veza">hemijske veze</a> slične kao u elementarnom stanju. Npr. veza ugljik-ugljik kakva postoji u dijamantu je slična vezi ugljik-silicijum u moisanitu.<sup id="cite_ref-Samorodni_elementi_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samorodni_elementi-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organska_klasa">Organska klasa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odjeljak Organska klasa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Organska klasa"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Organski minerali su biogene supstance kod kojih su geološki procesi dio geneze. U ovu klasu spadaju neki oksalati, citrati, acetati i druge vrste. Organski minerali su rijetka grupa minerala, koja obuhvata ugljikovodike. Ovi minerali se po nekim autorima ne trebaju svrstavati u minerale, jer definicija minerala ne uključuje organske spojeve. Ipak, neki od organskih minerala su nađeni u Zemljinoj kori u obliku velikih kristala, koji u potpunosti liče na anorganske minerale.<sup id="cite_ref-Organski_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Organski-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Minerali_i_stijene">Minerali i stijene</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odjeljak Minerali i stijene" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=15" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Minerali i stijene"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mineral je prirodna čvrsta supstanca, definisanog hemijskog sastava i specifične kristalne strukture. <a href="/wiki/Stijena" title="Stijena">Stijena</a> je agregat jednog ili više minerala, koja također može sadržavati organske ostatke i mineraloide. Neke stijene su predominantno građene od samo jednog minerala. Npr. <a href="/wiki/Vapnenac" title="Vapnenac">krečnjak</a> je <a href="/wiki/Sedimentne_stene" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedimentne stene">sedimentna stijena</a>, građena samo od jednog minerala – <a href="/wiki/Kalcit" title="Kalcit">kalcita</a>. Komercijalno važni minerali i stijene se nazivaju <i>industrijski minerali</i>. Najvažniji faktor koji određuje formiranje minerala u stijenama je njihov hemijski sastav, jer do formiranja dolazi ako je prisutna dovoljna količina odgovarajućih elemenata. Npr. kvarc nastaje u pješčarama i magmatskim stijenama sa velikim sadržajem <a href="/wiki/Silicijum_dioksid" title="Silicijum dioksid">silicijum dioksida</a>. Također, dvije vrste stijena mogu imati sličan hemijski sastav, a potpuno različit sastav minerala, što zavisi od uslova nastanka. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Diamond_structure_animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Diamond_structure_animation.gif/150px-Diamond_structure_animation.gif" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Diamond_structure_animation.gif/225px-Diamond_structure_animation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Diamond_structure_animation.gif/300px-Diamond_structure_animation.gif 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Struktura dijamanta</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Drago_kamenje">Drago kamenje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Uredi odjeljak Drago kamenje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=16" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Drago kamenje"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dragi kamen je prirodni mineral sa izuzetnim fizičkim osobinama, koji se može polirati i koristiti u draguljarstvu. Striktno se u drago kamenje ubrajaju sljedeća četiri minerala: <a href="/wiki/Dijamant" title="Dijamant">dijamant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smaragd" title="Smaragd">smaragd</a> (varijetet <a href="/wiki/Beril" title="Beril">berila</a>) i dva varijeteta <a href="/wiki/Korund" title="Korund">korunda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin">rubin</a> i <a href="/wiki/Safir" title="Safir">safir</a>). U drago i poludrago kamenje ubrajaju se i drugi minerali, a i neki mineraloidi (npr. <a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">opal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lapis_lazuli" title="Lapis lazuli">lapis lazuli</a>). Karakteristike dragog kamenja su <i>ljepota</i>, <i>trajnost</i> i <i>rijetkost</i>, dok poludrago kamenje ima samo jedan ili dva od navedenih kvaliteta. Drago kamenje se može pojaviti u svim geološkim materijalima, ali ih se većina nalazi u magmatskim stijenama i sedimentnim aluvijalnim šljuncima. <a href="/wiki/Metamorfne_stene" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamorfne stene">Metamorfne stijene</a> također mogu sadržavati drago kamenje. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Identifikacija_minerala">Identifikacija minerala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Uredi odjeljak Identifikacija minerala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=17" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Identifikacija minerala"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pored navedenih fizičkih osobina, za identifikaciju minerala se koriste i hemijski i pirognostički testovi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hemijski_testovi">Hemijski testovi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Uredi odjeljak Hemijski testovi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=18" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Hemijski testovi"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reakcija sa jakim mineralnim <a href="/wiki/Kiselina" title="Kiselina">kiselinama</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hloridna_kiselina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hloridna kiselina (stranica ne postoji)">hloridnom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azotna_kiselina" title="Azotna kiselina">nitratnom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumporna_kiselina" title="Sumporna kiselina">sulfatnom</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluoridna_kiselina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluoridna kiselina (stranica ne postoji)">fluoridnom</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zlatotopka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zlatotopka (stranica ne postoji)">zlatotopkom</a>) je jedan od važnih i brzih testova identifikacije minerala. Neki minerali reaguju uz oslobađanje <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gasa</a>, što se vidi po pojavi mjehurića. Npr. kalcit brzo reaguje i odmah se oslobađa <a href="/wiki/Ugljik_dioksid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugljik dioksid">ugljik dioksid</a>, dok dolomit reaguje samo u sprašenom stanju. Fluorit oslobađa <a href="/wiki/Fluorovodonik" title="Fluorovodonik">fluorovodonik</a>, koji nagriza stakleno posuđe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pirognostički_testovi"><span id="Pirognosti.C4.8Dki_testovi"></span>Pirognostički testovi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Uredi odjeljak Pirognostički testovi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=19" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Pirognostički testovi"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pirognostički testovi su brze laboratorijske tehnike u mineralogiji, koje uz upotrebu plamena omogućavaju kvalitativnu identifikaciju, bez upotrebe kompleksne opreme. Postoji pet osnovnih testova:<sup id="cite_ref-Cardarelli_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardarelli-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>plameni test</i>: Omogućava identifikaciju na osnovu karakteristične boje u plamenu, koja potiče od prisustva nekih hemijskih elemenata</li> <li><i>test topljivosti</i>: Upoređuje <a href="/wiki/Tali%C5%A1te" title="Talište">tačku topljenja</a> sa referentnim materijalom</li> <li><i>redukcija na drvenom uglju</i>: Većina sulfidnih minerala daje metalnu kuglicu i na osnovu boje se određuje koji je <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> prisutan. Prilikom testiranja redukcijom na drvenom uglju može se dodati reagens, koji daje karakteristično obojenje u prisustvu određenog <a href="/wiki/Kemijski_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemijski element">hemijskog elementa</a>. Tipični reagensi su 5%-tni kobalt (II) nitrat i sumpor jodid (koji se generiše <i>in situ</i> miješanjem stehiometrijskih količina <a href="/wiki/Sumpor" title="Sumpor">sumpora</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">joda</a> s sprašenim mineralom).</li></ul> <p><i>Obojenje pri reakciji sa Co(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>:</i> </p> <table class="prettytable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Boja </th> <th>Hemijski element </th></tr> <tr> <td>Siva do crna </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barijum" title="Barijum">Barijum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stroncijum" title="Stroncijum">stroncijum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalcij" title="Kalcij">kalcijum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niobijum" title="Niobijum">niobijum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Plavo-siva </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berilijum" title="Berilijum">Berilijum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ružičasto-siva </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tantalijum" title="Tantalijum">Tantal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ružičasta </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnezij" title="Magnezij">Magnezijum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Plava </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aluminijum" title="Aluminijum">Aluminijum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tamno plava </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij">Silicijum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Žuto-zelena </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Titanij" title="Titanij">Titanijum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zeleno-plava </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalaj" title="Kalaj">Kalaj</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sivo-zelena </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Antimon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Smaragdno-zelena </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cink" title="Cink">Cink</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tamno-ljubičasta </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cirkonijum" title="Cirkonijum">Cirkonijum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsenik" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenik">arsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element)">bor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosfor</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Obojenje pri reakciji sa sumpor jodidom:</i> </p> <table class="prettytable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Boja </th> <th>Hemijski element </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ultramarin-plava </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden">Molibden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Plavo-zelena </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram">Volfram</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Narandžasta </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arsenik" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenik">Arsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">antimon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Crveno-smeđa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">Selen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ružičasto-smeđa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Telur" title="Telur">Telurijum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Smeđa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bizmut" title="Bizmut">Bizmut</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Smeđe-zelena </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Kobalt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zlatna </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo">Olovo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Žuta </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro">Srebro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Žuto-smeđa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalaj" title="Kalaj">Kalaj</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Žuta i crvena </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa">Živa</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><i>test u otvorenoj i zatvorenoj cijevi</i>: Kod testa u zatvorenoj cijevi posmatraju se promjene materijala, oslobađanje gasova ili <a href="/wiki/Sublimacija" title="Sublimacija">sublimacija</a>. Kod testa u otvorenoj cijevi dolazi do <a href="/wiki/Oksidacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Oksidacija">oksidacije</a> minerala i oslobađanja gasova kao reakcionih produkata (npr. <a href="/wiki/Sumpor_dioksid" title="Sumpor dioksid">sumpor dioksid</a>)</li> <li><i>boraksna perla (boraksna biserka)</i>: Identifikacija se vrši na osnovu boje staklaste perle koja nastaje taljenjem sa <a href="/wiki/Boraks" title="Boraks">boraksom</a>.</li></ul> <p><i>Test sa boraksnom perlom</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-Cardarelli_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardarelli-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="prettytable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Boja perle </th> <th>Oksidirajuća </th> <th>Reducirajuća </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Bezbojna </td> <td><b>th</b>:Al, Si, Sn, Bi, Cd, Mo, Pb, Sb, Ti, V, W </td> <td>Al, Si Sn, alkalni metali </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>nz</b>:Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Mg, Sr </td> <td><b>t</b>: Cu; <b>th</b>: Ce, Mn </td></tr> <tr> <td>Siva/neprozirna </td> <td><b>pz</b>: Al, Si Sn </td> <td>Ag, Bi, Cd, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn; <b>z</b>:Al, Si, Sn; <b>pz</b>:Cu </td></tr> <tr> <td>Plava </td> <td><b>h</b>: Cu; <b>th</b>:Co </td> <td><b>th</b>: Co </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zelena </td> <td><b>h</b>: Cr, Cu; <b>t</b>: Cu, Fe + Co </td> <td>Cr; <b>th</b>: U; <b>pz</b>: Fe; <b>h</b>: Mo, V </td></tr> <tr> <td>Crvena </td> <td><b>h</b>: Ni; <b>t</b>: Ce, Fe </td> <td><b>h</b>: Cu </td></tr> <tr> <td>Žuta/smeđa </td> <td><b>t, nz</b>: Fe, U, V; <b>t, pz</b>: Bi, Pb, Sb </td> <td>W; <b>t</b>: Mo, Ti, V </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ljubičasta </td> <td><b>t</b>: Ni + Co; <b>th</b>: Mn </td> <td><b>h</b>: Ti </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small>U tabeli su korištene sljedeće skraćenice: <b>t</b>- topla, <b>h</b> - hladna, <b>th</b> - topla ili hladna, <b>nz</b> - nezasićena, <b>z</b> - zasićena i <b>pz</b> - prezasićena.</small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galerija">Galerija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Uredi odjeljak Galerija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=20" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Galerija"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Quartz_oisan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kvarc"><img alt="Kvarc" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Quartz_oisan.jpg/119px-Quartz_oisan.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Quartz_oisan.jpg/179px-Quartz_oisan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Quartz_oisan.jpg/238px-Quartz_oisan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4004" data-file-height="4031" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kvarc" title="Kvarc">Kvarc</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:9104_-_Milano_-_Museo_storia_naturale_-_Fluorite_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_22-Apr-2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fluorit"><img alt="Fluorit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/9104_-_Milano_-_Museo_storia_naturale_-_Fluorite_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_22-Apr-2007.jpg/120px-9104_-_Milano_-_Museo_storia_naturale_-_Fluorite_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_22-Apr-2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/9104_-_Milano_-_Museo_storia_naturale_-_Fluorite_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_22-Apr-2007.jpg/180px-9104_-_Milano_-_Museo_storia_naturale_-_Fluorite_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_22-Apr-2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/9104_-_Milano_-_Museo_storia_naturale_-_Fluorite_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_22-Apr-2007.jpg/240px-9104_-_Milano_-_Museo_storia_naturale_-_Fluorite_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_22-Apr-2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fluorit" title="Fluorit">Fluorit</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Pyromorphite-green.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Piromorfit"><img alt="Piromorfit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Pyromorphite-green.jpg/120px-Pyromorphite-green.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Pyromorphite-green.jpg/180px-Pyromorphite-green.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Pyromorphite-green.jpg/240px-Pyromorphite-green.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="680" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Piromorfit" title="Piromorfit">Piromorfit</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Sphalerite4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sfalerit"><img alt="Sfalerit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sphalerite4.jpg/120px-Sphalerite4.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sphalerite4.jpg/180px-Sphalerite4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sphalerite4.jpg/240px-Sphalerite4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="343" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sfalerit" title="Sfalerit">Sfalerit</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Malachite_Kolwezi_Katanga_Congo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Malahit"><img alt="Malahit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Malachite_Kolwezi_Katanga_Congo.jpg/120px-Malachite_Kolwezi_Katanga_Congo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Malachite_Kolwezi_Katanga_Congo.jpg/180px-Malachite_Kolwezi_Katanga_Congo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Malachite_Kolwezi_Katanga_Congo.jpg/240px-Malachite_Kolwezi_Katanga_Congo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7880" data-file-height="4577" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Malahit" title="Malahit">Malahit</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Calcite_jaune.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kalcit"><img alt="Kalcit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Calcite_jaune.jpg/120px-Calcite_jaune.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Calcite_jaune.jpg/180px-Calcite_jaune.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Calcite_jaune.jpg/240px-Calcite_jaune.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="763" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kalcit" title="Kalcit">Kalcit</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Soufresicile2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sumpor"><img alt="Sumpor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Soufresicile2.jpg/120px-Soufresicile2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Soufresicile2.jpg/180px-Soufresicile2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Soufresicile2.jpg/240px-Soufresicile2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3497" data-file-height="2869" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sumpor" title="Sumpor">Sumpor</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povezano">Povezano</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Uredi odjeljak Povezano" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=21" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povezano"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mineralogija" title="Mineralogija">Mineralogija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineralni_agregati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mineralni agregati (stranica ne postoji)">Mineralni agregati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal">Kristal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristalni_sustav" title="Kristalni sustav">Kristalni sistem</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Uredi odjeljak Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=22" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Reference"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41556849">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Nickel-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Nickel_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.minsocam.org/msa/ima/ima98(04).pdf">http://www.minsocam.org/msa/ima/ima98(04).pdf</a> Ernest H. Nickel, 1995, <i>The definition of a mineral</i>, The Canadian Mineralogist, vol. 33, pp. 689 - 690</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dana-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dana_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.mindat.org/dana.php?a=50">http://www.mindat.org/dana.php?a=50</a> Dana Classification 8th edition - ORGANIC COMPOUNDS</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strunz-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Strunz_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.mindat.org/strunz.php?a=9">http://www.mindat.org/strunz.php?a=9</a> Strunz Classification - Organic Compounds</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cardarelli-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cardarelli_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cardarelli_4-1">4,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cardarelli_4-2">4,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cardarelli_4-3">4,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">F. Cardarelli: Materials Handbook, 2000, Springer <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-1-84628-668-1" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-1-84628-668-1">978-1-84628-668-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Halidi-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Halidi_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.galleries.com/minerals/halides/class.htm">http://www.galleries.com/minerals/halides/class.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oksidi-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Oksidi_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.galleries.com/minerals/oxides/class.htm">http://www.galleries.com/minerals/oxides/class.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sulfidi-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sulfidi_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.galleries.com/minerals/sulfides/class.htm">http://www.galleries.com/minerals/sulfides/class.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fosfati-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fosfati_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.galleries.com/minerals/phosphat/class.htm">http://www.galleries.com/minerals/phosphat/class.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Australianmines-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Australianmines_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.australianminesatlas.gov.au/info/aimr/phosphate.jsp">http://www.australianminesatlas.gov.au/info/aimr/phosphate.jsp</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Samorodni_elementi-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Samorodni_elementi_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.galleries.com/minerals/elements/class.htm">http://www.galleries.com/minerals/elements/class.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Organski-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Organski_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.minerals.net/mineral/sort-met.hod/group/organgrp.htm">http://www.minerals.net/mineral/sort-met.hod/group/organgrp.htm</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_veze">Vanjske veze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Uredi odjeljak Vanjske veze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerali&action=edit&section=23" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske veze"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="infobox sisterproject" style="width: 300px"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Minerals" title="commons:Category:Minerals"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 20px;"><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Minerals" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Minerals">Minerali</a></b></i> na <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica_-_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:Glavna stranica - Главна страница">Wikimedijinoj ostavi</a> </div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mineralienatlas.de/">Mineralienatlas</a><span style="font-family:sans-serif; cursor:help; color:#404040; font-size:1.1em; font-weight:bold;" title="njemački jezik">(<span style="color:#606060; font-size:0.7em; position:relative; bottom:0.1em">(de)</span>)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minerals.net/index.html">Minerals.net</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080501180743/http://www.minerals.net/index.html">Arhivirano</a> 2008-05-01 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a> <span style="font-family:sans-serif; cursor:help; color:#404040; font-size:1.1em; font-weight:bold;" title="engleski jezik">(<span style="color:#606060; font-size:0.7em; position:relative; bottom:0.1em">(en)</span>)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webmineral.com/">Webmineral.com</a> <span style="font-family:sans-serif; cursor:help; color:#404040; font-size:1.1em; font-weight:bold;" title="engleski jezik">(<span style="color:#606060; font-size:0.7em; position:relative; bottom:0.1em">(en)</span>)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org/index.php">Mindat.org</a> <span style="font-family:sans-serif; cursor:help; color:#404040; font-size:1.1em; font-weight:bold;" title="engleski jezik">(<span style="color:#606060; font-size:0.7em; position:relative; bottom:0.1em">(en)</span>)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41348688">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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