Litani River | Lebanon, Middle East, Map, & UN Resolution

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class="font-serif font-weight-bold text-black link-blue" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Litani-River-Lebanon">Litani River</a> </div> <button aria-label="Close" class="js-sections-close-button btn-link btn-sm btn d-lg-none position-absolute top-0 p-10 right-0" > <em class="material-icons font-26" data-icon="close"></em> </button> </div> <div class="section-content pl-10 pr-20 pl-sm-50 pr-sm-60 pl-lg-5 pr-lg-10 pt-10 pt-lg-0 bg-gray-50 clear-catfish-ad"> <div class="toc mb-20"> <div class="font-serif font-14 font-weight-bold mx-15 mb-15 mt-20"> Table of Contents </div> <span class="toc-extra-link selected link-gray-900 mt-15"> Introduction </span> <a class="toc-extra-link link-gray-900" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Litani-River-Lebanon/additional-info">References & Edit History</a> <a class="toc-extra-link link-gray-900" href="/facts/Litani-River-Lebanon">Related Topics</a> </div> <div class="tlr-media-slider pb-10 mb-30"> <a class="section-header link-gray-900 font-serif font-14 font-weight-bold mb-10 mx-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Litani-River-Lebanon/images-videos">Images</a> <div class="slider js-slider position-relative d-inline-flex align-items-center mw-100 "> <div class="slider-container js-slider-container overflow-hidden d-flex overflow-hidden text-nowrap ml-15"> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/31/262931-050-EC5E9983/litani-river-lebanon-locator.jpg" data-href="/media/1/343419/318242" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/31/262931-004-153B1B95/litani-river-lebanon-locator.jpg" alt="Litani River" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/51/120951-050-DB919577/Litani-River-Lebanon.jpg" data-href="/media/1/343419/114993" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/51/120951-004-E0263E79/Litani-River-Lebanon.jpg" alt="View of the Litani River" height="50" /> </a> <a 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What is it?</a> <span class="font-14 text-gray-600"> <span>•</span> Nov. 27, 2024, 2:44 AM ET (AP) <button class="btn btn-link d-inline p-0 font-12 js-toggle-recent-news"> <span class="text-gray-500">...</span><span>(Show more)</span> </button> </span> </div> </div> <div class="rest-of-recent-news-items"> <div class="recent-news-item mt-5"> <a class="font-14 gtm-ap-news-link" href="/news/343419/aa165645d900a3d681ad127e05b0c561" rel="nofollow">Israel and Lebanon's Hezbollah start a ceasefire after nearly 14 months of fighting</a> <span class="font-14 text-gray-600"> <span>•</span> Nov. 27, 2024, 1:28 AM ET (AP) </span> </div> <div class="recent-news-item mt-5"> <a class="font-14 gtm-ap-news-link" href="/news/343419/7ba526c166a17b51a99e0141e1264f7c" rel="nofollow">Middle East latest: Ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah in Lebanon begins</a> <span class="font-14 text-gray-600"> <span>•</span> Nov. 26, 2024, 11:52 PM ET (AP) </span> </div> <div class="recent-news-item mt-5"> <a class="font-14 gtm-ap-news-link" href="/news/343419/4fdcf546eb73faf26717b76b4bb3a919" rel="nofollow">A new push to wind down the Middle East wars faces familiar challenges</a> <span class="font-14 text-gray-600"> <span>•</span> Oct. 30, 2024, 4:55 PM ET (AP) </span> </div> <button class="js-toggle-recent-news d-flex btn btn-unstyled font-14 pr-10 rounded-sm mt-10" aria-label="Toggle additional news items"> Show less <em class="material-icons" data-icon="expand_less"></em> </button> </div> </div><span class="marker before-article"></span><section data-level="1" id="ref1"><span class="marker PREMOD1 mod-inline"></span><div class="assemblies multiple medialist slider js-slider position-relative d-inline-flex align-items-center mw-100" data-type="other"><div class="slider-container js-slider-container overflow-hidden d-flex"><div class="rw-track d-flex align-items-center"><div class="position-relative rw-slide col-100 px-20 "><figure class="md-assembly m-0 mb-md-0 card card-borderless print-false" data-assembly-id="114993" data-asm-type="image"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"><a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/51/120951-050-DB919577/Litani-River-Lebanon.jpg" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center media-overlay-link card-media" data-href="/media/1/343419/114993"><picture><source media="(min-width: 680px)" srcset="https://cdn.britannica.com/51/120951-050-DB919577/Litani-River-Lebanon.jpg?w=300"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/51/120951-050-DB919577/Litani-River-Lebanon.jpg?w=300" alt="View of the Litani River" data-width="1600" data-height="1180" loading="eager"></picture><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class="card-body"><div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif line-clamp"><span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/51/120951-050-DB919577/Litani-River-Lebanon.jpg" data-href="/media/1/343419/114993">View of the Litani River</a><span>Lebanon's chief river rises west of Baalbek and southwestward through the Bekaa valley before bending sharply west in southern Lebanon.</span><button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-white js-content" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"><span class="link-blue">(more)</span></button></span></div></figcaption></figure></div></div></div><button disabled="true" class="prev-button js-prev-button position-absolute btn btn-circle shadow btn-lg btn-blue-dark m-20"><span class="material-icons" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_left"></span></button><button disabled="true" class="next-button js-next-button position-absolute btn btn-circle shadow btn-lg btn-blue-dark m-20"><span class="material-icons" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_right"></span></button></div><p class="topic-paragraph"><strong><span id="ref187692"></span>Litani River</strong>, chief river of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Lebanon" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Lebanon</a>, rising in a low divide west of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Baalbeck" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Baalbek</a> and flowing southwestward through the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Bekaa-valley" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Bekaa</a> valley between the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Lebanon-Mountains" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Lebanon</a> and <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Anti-Lebanon-Mountains" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Anti-Lebanon</a> mountains. Near <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Marj-Uyun" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Marjayoun</a>, it bends sharply west and cuts a spectacular <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off eb" data-term="gorge" href="https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/gorge" data-type="EB">gorge</a> up to 900 feet (275 meters) deep through the Lebanon Mountains to the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Mediterranean-Sea" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Mediterranean Sea</a>, south of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Sidon" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Sidon</a>. The river’s lower course is known as <span id="ref187693"></span>Qāsimiyyah. Although the river’s total length is only about 90 miles (145 km), its waters irrigate one of Lebanon’s most extensive farming regions, Bekaa. The <span id="ref187694"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Litani-River-Authority" class="md-crosslink ">Litani River Authority</a>, established in 1954, was to have provided for an increase in irrigated land, generation of electricity, and development of recreational areas; however, the main achievement of the project was later limited to the establishment of electrical power plants.</p><div class="one-good-fact-module"> </div><span class="marker MOD1 mod-inline"></span><span class="marker PREMOD2 mod-inline"></span><div class="assemblies"><div class="w-100"><figure class="md-assembly m-0 mb-md-0 card card-borderless print-false" data-assembly-id="317161" data-asm-type="image"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"><a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/75/2075-050-5FC2F645/Lebanon-map-features-locator.jpg" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center media-overlay-link card-media" data-href="/media/1/343419/317161"><picture><source media="(min-width: 680px)" srcset="https://cdn.britannica.com/75/2075-050-5FC2F645/Lebanon-map-features-locator.jpg"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/75/2075-050-5FC2F645/Lebanon-map-features-locator.jpg?w=300" alt="Lebanon's rivers and mountains" data-width="2000" data-height="1807" loading="eager"></picture><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class="card-body"><div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif line-clamp"><span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/75/2075-050-5FC2F645/Lebanon-map-features-locator.jpg" data-href="/media/1/343419/317161">Lebanon's rivers and mountains</a><span>The Litani River flows southwestward through the Bekaa valley in eastern Lebanon before bending sharply west near Marjayoun, in southern Lebanon.</span><button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-white js-content" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"><span class="link-blue">(more)</span></button></span></div></figcaption></figure></div></div><p class="topic-paragraph">The Litani River became an important geopolitical marker during the <span id="ref1329490"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/2006-Lebanon-War" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">2006 Lebanon War</a>. The <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Israel-Defense-Forces" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Israel Defense Forces</a> (IDF) considered it a key war objective to push <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hezbollah" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Hezbollah</a> north of the river and thereby create a nearly 20-mile (30-km) <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off eb" data-term="buffer" href="https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/buffer" data-type="EB">buffer</a> zone in the area north of Lebanon’s border with <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Israel" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Israel</a>. The IDF’s ground invasion failed to effect that outcome and led to heavy loss of life, but the war came to an end after Israel, Hezbollah, and the Lebanese government accepted <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-Nations-Resolution-1701" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">United Nations (UN) Resolution 1701</a>, which included the withdrawal of all armed personnel from the area south of the Litani River. Hezbollah instead built up its military assets over the following decades and has not withdraw from the area, where the population is overwhelmingly <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shii" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Shiʿi</a> and has been disproportionately affected by conflict with Israel. After conflict between Hezbollah and Israel escalated in 2023, Israel insisted that Hezbollah <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off eb" data-term="withdraw" href="https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/withdraw" data-type="EB">withdraw</a> north of the Litani River. That stipulation became a key part of the ceasefire agreement that was announced on November 26, 2024.</p><span class="marker MOD2 mod-inline"></span></section> <span class="md-signature"><a href="/editor/The-Editors-of-Encyclopaedia-Britannica/4419">The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica</a></span><span class="md-signature">This article was most recently revised and updated by <a href="/editor/Adam-Zeidan/12409087">Adam Zeidan</a>.</span><span class="marker end-of-content"></span><span class="marker after-article"></span></div> <div id="chatbot-root"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ai-dialog-placeholder"></div> </div> </div> <aside class="col-md-da-320"></aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article></div> </div></div> </div> </main> <div id="md-footer"></div> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5W6NC8" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <script type="text/javascript" id="_informizely_script_tag"> var IzWidget = IzWidget || {}; (function (d) { var scriptElement = d.createElement('script'); scriptElement.type = 'text/javascript'; scriptElement.async = true; scriptElement.src = "https://insitez.blob.core.windows.net/site/f780f33e-a610-4ac2-af81-3eb184037547.js"; var node = d.getElementById('_informizely_script_tag'); node.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, node); } )(document); </script>  <script> window.ap3c = window.ap3c || {}; var ap3c = window.ap3c; ap3c.cmd = ap3c.cmd || []; ap3c.cmd.push(function() { ap3c.init('ZO4siT4cLwnykPnzZWJtd3Byb2Q', 'https://engage.email.britannica.com/'); ap3c.track({v: 0}); }); ap3c.activity = function(act) { ap3c.act = (ap3c.act || []); ap3c.act.push(act); }; var s, t; s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.src = "https://engage.email.britannica.com/app.js"; t = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; t.parentNode.insertBefore(s, t); </script> <script class="marketing-page-info" type="application/json"> {"pageType":"Topic","templateName":"DESKTOP","pageNumber":1,"pagesTotal":1,"pageId":343419,"pageLength":299,"initialLoad":true,"lastPageOfScroll":false} </script> <script class="marketing-content-info" type="application/json"> [] </script> <script src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/js/libs/jquery-3.5.0.min.js?v=3.130.14"></script> <script type="text/javascript" data-type="Init Mendel Code Splitting"> (function() { $.ajax({ dataType: 'script', cache: true, url: 'https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/dist/topic-page.js?v=3.130.14' }); })(); </script> <script class="analytics-metadata" type="application/json"> {"leg":"D","adLeg":"D","userType":"ANONYMOUS","pageType":"Topic","pageSubtype":null,"articleTemplateType":"MEDIUM","gisted":false,"pageNumber":1,"hasSummarizeButton":false,"hasAskButton":false} </script> <script type="text/javascript"> EBStat={accountId:-1,hostnameOverride:'webstats.eb.com',domain:'www.britannica.com', json:''}; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> ( function() { $.ajax( { dataType: 'script', cache: true, url: '//www.britannica.com/webstats/mendelstats.js?v=1' } ) .done( function() { try {writeStat(null,EBStat);} catch(err){} } ); })(); </script> <div id="bc-fixed-dialogue"></div> </body> </html>

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Litani River | Lebanon, Middle East, Map, & UN Resolution | Britannica