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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plantagenet_rule_(1154–1224)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plantagenet_rule_(1154–1224)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Plantagenet rule (1154–1224)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plantagenet_rule_(1154–1224)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Knights_Templar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Knights_Templar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Knights Templar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Knights_Templar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hundred_Years'_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hundred_Years'_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Hundred Years' War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hundred_Years'_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_Wars_of_Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_Wars_of_Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>French Wars of Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_Wars_of_Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Huguenot_rebellions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Huguenot_rebellions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Huguenot rebellions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Huguenot_rebellions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Revolt_of_Soubise_(1625)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolt_of_Soubise_(1625)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1</span> <span>Revolt of Soubise (1625)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolt_of_Soubise_(1625)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siege_of_La_Rochelle_(1627–1628)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siege_of_La_Rochelle_(1627–1628)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2</span> <span>Siege of La Rochelle (1627–1628)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siege_of_La_Rochelle_(1627–1628)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_Rochelle_and_the_New_World" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Rochelle_and_the_New_World"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>La Rochelle and the New World</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Rochelle_and_the_New_World-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_Rochelle_faience" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Rochelle_faience"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>La Rochelle faience</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Rochelle_faience-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Second World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_Rochelle_today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Rochelle_today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>La Rochelle today</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-La_Rochelle_today-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle La Rochelle today subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-La_Rochelle_today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Les_Minimes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Les_Minimes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Les Minimes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Les_Minimes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Born_in_La_Rochelle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Born_in_La_Rochelle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Born in La Rochelle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Born_in_La_Rochelle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lived_in_La_Rochelle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lived_in_La_Rochelle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Lived in La Rochelle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lived_in_La_Rochelle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">La Rochelle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 89 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84" title="لا روشيل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لا روشيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Ro%C5%9Fel" title="La Roşel – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="La Roşel" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%84" title="لا روشل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لا روشل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="লা রোশেল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লা রোশেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ла-Рашэль – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ла-Рашэль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ля-Рашэль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ля-Рашэль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Ла Рошел – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ла Рошел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8D" title="ལ་རོ་ཅེ་ལེ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལ་རོ་ཅེ་ལེ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar_Roc%27hell" title="Ar Roc'hell – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ar Roc'hell" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ла-Рошель – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ла-Рошель" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ла-Рошель – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ла-Рошель" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle,_Charente-Maritime" title="La Rochelle, Charente-Maritime – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="La Rochelle, Charente-Maritime" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B1_%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%AD%CE%BB" title="Λα Ροσέλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λα Ροσέλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arroxela" title="Arroxela – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arroxela" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%84" title="لا روشل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لا روشل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EB%A1%9C%EC%85%B8" title="라로셸 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라로셸" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1_%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%AC" title="Լա Ռոշել – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լա Ռոշել" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ла-Рошель – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ла-Рошель" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C" title="לה רושל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לה רושל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90-%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ლა-როშელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლა-როშელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupella" title="Rupella – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rupella" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laro%C5%A1ela" title="Larošela – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Larošela" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Ro%C5%A1elis" title="La Rošelis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="La Rošelis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84" title="لا روشيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لا روشيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%84" title="لروشل – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لروشل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle_(Charente-Maritime)" title="La Rochelle (Charente-Maritime) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="La Rochelle (Charente-Maritime)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB" title="ラ・ロシェル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラ・ロシェル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0-%D0%93%D3%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ла-ГӀошель – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ла-ГӀошель" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochela" title="La Rochela – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="La Rochela" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle_(Charente-Maritime)" title="La Rochelle (Charente-Maritime) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="La Rochelle (Charente-Maritime)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B1_%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%AD%CE%BB" title="Λα Ροσέλ – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Λα Ροσέλ" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ла-Рошель – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ла-Рошель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Ла Рошел – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ла Рошел" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ля-Рошель – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ля-Рошель" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A5" title="ลารอแชล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลารอแชล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ла-Рошель – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ла-Рошель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%84" title="لا روشیل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لا روشیل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/La-Ro%C5%A1el%27" title="La-Rošel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="La-Rošel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="La Rochelle" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%97%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94" title="拉罗谢尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="拉罗谢尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%BE%85%E8%AC%9D%E7%88%BE" title="拉羅謝爾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拉羅謝爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%97%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94" title="拉罗谢尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=La_Rochelle&params=46.16_N_1.15_W_type:city(78535)_region:FR-NAQ"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°10′N</span> <span class="longitude">1°09′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.16°N 1.15°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.16; -1.15</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="La Rochelle (disambiguation)">La Rochelle (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rochelle" class="extiw" title="fr:La Rochelle">the corresponding article</a> in French</b>.  <i><small>(June 2020)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLa_Rochelle&sl=fr&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the French article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:La Rochelle]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|fr|La Rochelle}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:La_Rochelle" title="Talk:La Rochelle">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture and commune in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">La Rochelle</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}"><i>La Rochéle</i> (<a href="/wiki/Poitevin%E2%80%93Saintongeais" title="Poitevin–Saintongeais">Poitevin–Saintongeais</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefectures of France">Prefecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div style="height:134px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_rochelle,_Le_vieux_port.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/La_rochelle%2C_Le_vieux_port.JPG/238px-La_rochelle%2C_Le_vieux_port.JPG" decoding="async" width="238" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/La_rochelle%2C_Le_vieux_port.JPG/357px-La_rochelle%2C_Le_vieux_port.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/La_rochelle%2C_Le_vieux_port.JPG/476px-La_rochelle%2C_Le_vieux_port.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2056" 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href="/wiki/File:La_Rochelle_(17)_%C3%89glise_du_Sacr%C3%A9-Coeur_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/La_Rochelle_%2817%29_%C3%89glise_du_Sacr%C3%A9-Coeur_-_panoramio.jpg/84px-La_Rochelle_%2817%29_%C3%89glise_du_Sacr%C3%A9-Coeur_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/La_Rochelle_%2817%29_%C3%89glise_du_Sacr%C3%A9-Coeur_-_panoramio.jpg/126px-La_Rochelle_%2817%29_%C3%89glise_du_Sacr%C3%A9-Coeur_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/La_Rochelle_%2817%29_%C3%89glise_du_Sacr%C3%A9-Coeur_-_panoramio.jpg/168px-La_Rochelle_%2817%29_%C3%89glise_du_Sacr%C3%A9-Coeur_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:87px;max-width:87px"><div style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tour_St_Nicolas,_La_Rochelle,_France,_pic-010.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tour_St_Nicolas%2C_La_Rochelle%2C_France%2C_pic-010.JPG/85px-Tour_St_Nicolas%2C_La_Rochelle%2C_France%2C_pic-010.JPG" decoding="async" width="85" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tour_St_Nicolas%2C_La_Rochelle%2C_France%2C_pic-010.JPG/128px-Tour_St_Nicolas%2C_La_Rochelle%2C_France%2C_pic-010.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tour_St_Nicolas%2C_La_Rochelle%2C_France%2C_pic-010.JPG/170px-Tour_St_Nicolas%2C_La_Rochelle%2C_France%2C_pic-010.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:151px;max-width:151px"><div style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B%C3%A2timent_Gare_de_La_Rochelle-Ville_en_soir%C3%A9e_(juin_2023).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/B%C3%A2timent_Gare_de_La_Rochelle-Ville_en_soir%C3%A9e_%28juin_2023%29.JPG/149px-B%C3%A2timent_Gare_de_La_Rochelle-Ville_en_soir%C3%A9e_%28juin_2023%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="149" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/B%C3%A2timent_Gare_de_La_Rochelle-Ville_en_soir%C3%A9e_%28juin_2023%29.JPG/224px-B%C3%A2timent_Gare_de_La_Rochelle-Ville_en_soir%C3%A9e_%28juin_2023%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/B%C3%A2timent_Gare_de_La_Rochelle-Ville_en_soir%C3%A9e_%28juin_2023%29.JPG/298px-B%C3%A2timent_Gare_de_La_Rochelle-Ville_en_soir%C3%A9e_%28juin_2023%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3482" data-file-height="2667" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div style="height:161px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Rochelle_mail_lanterne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/La_Rochelle_mail_lanterne.jpg/238px-La_Rochelle_mail_lanterne.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/La_Rochelle_mail_lanterne.jpg/357px-La_Rochelle_mail_lanterne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/La_Rochelle_mail_lanterne.jpg/476px-La_Rochelle_mail_lanterne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3868" data-file-height="2624" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_La_Rochelle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of La Rochelle"><img alt="Coat of arms of La Rochelle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Arms_of_La_Rochelle.svg/69px-Arms_of_La_Rochelle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="69" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Arms_of_La_Rochelle.svg/103px-Arms_of_La_Rochelle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Arms_of_La_Rochelle.svg/138px-Arms_of_La_Rochelle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="476" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Location of La Rochelle</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="11" data-overlays="["_b28008ae10926a1546bad1b8e643fe2f2fc846b3"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=La_Rochelle&revid=1253619405&groups=_b28008ae10926a1546bad1b8e643fe2f2fc846b3" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=La_Rochelle&revid=1253619405&groups=_b28008ae10926a1546bad1b8e643fe2f2fc846b3 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="La Rochelle is located in France"><img alt="La Rochelle is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/270px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/405px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/540px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.857%;left:29.43%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="La Rochelle"><img alt="La Rochelle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>La Rochelle</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of France</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes_region_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="La Rochelle is located in Nouvelle-Aquitaine"><img alt="La Rochelle is located in Nouvelle-Aquitaine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes_region_location_map.svg/270px-Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes_region_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="380" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes_region_location_map.svg/405px-Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes_region_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes_region_location_map.svg/540px-Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes_region_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="1017" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.704%;left:16.754%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="La Rochelle"><img alt="La Rochelle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>La Rochelle</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Nouvelle-Aquitaine</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=La_Rochelle&params=46.16_N_1.15_W_type:city(78535)_region:FR-NAQ"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°10′N</span> <span class="longitude">1°09′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.16°N 1.15°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.16; -1.15</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_La_Rochelle" title="Arrondissement of La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France#Intercommunality" title="Communes of France">Intercommunality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_d%27agglom%C3%A9ration_de_La_Rochelle" title="Communauté d'agglomération de La Rochelle">CA La Rochelle</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–2026) </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fountaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-François Fountaine (page does not exist)">Jean-François Fountaine</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup><b>1</b></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">28.43 km<sup>2</sup> (10.98 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-popleg2021_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popleg2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">78,535</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,800/km<sup>2</sup> (7,200/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a>/Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-17300">17300</a> /17000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">0–28 m (0–92 ft) <br />(avg. 4 m or 13 ft)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><sup><b>1</b></sup> French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>La Rochelle</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[la<span class="wrap"> </span>ʁɔʃɛl]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/ba\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-La_Rochelle.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-La_Rochelle.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Jules78120-La Rochelle.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-La_Rochelle.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-La_Rochelle.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Jules78120-La_Rochelle.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Jules78120-La Rochelle.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Poitevin-Saintongeais" class="mw-redirect" title="Poitevin-Saintongeais">Poitevin-Saintongeais</a>: <i>La Rochéle</i>) is a city on the west coast of France and a <a href="/wiki/Seaport" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaport">seaport</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a>, a part of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>. It is the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a>. With 78,535 inhabitants in 2021, La Rochelle is the most populated commune in the department and ranks fourth in the <a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a> region after <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, the regional capital, <a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poitiers" title="Poitiers">Poitiers</a>. </p><p>Situated on the edge of the Atlantic Ocean the city is connected to the <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_R%C3%A9" title="Île de Ré">Île de Ré</a> by a <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>2.9-kilometre-long (<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>-mile) bridge completed on 19 May 1988. Since the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> the harbour has opened onto a protected strait, the <a href="/wiki/Pertuis_d%27Antioche" title="Pertuis d'Antioche">Pertuis d'Antioche</a> and is regarded as a "Door océane" or gateway to the ocean because of the presence of its three ports (fishing, trade and yachting). The city has a strong commercial tradition, having an active port from very early on in its history. </p><p>The city traces its origins to the <a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_culture" title="Gallo-Roman culture">Gallo-Roman period</a>, attested by the remains of important <a href="/wiki/Salt_marsh" title="Salt marsh">salt marshes</a> and villas. <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="Duke of Aquitaine">The Dukes of Aquitaine</a> granted it a charter as a free port in 1130. With the opening of the English market following the second marriage of <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a> in 1152, the presence of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights of Saint John of Jerusalem</a> quickly made this small town the largest port on the Atlantic.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To this day, the city still possesses a rich historical fabric, including the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicolas_Tower" title="Saint Nicolas Tower">Saint-Nicholas tower</a>, and an urban heritage. The capital of <a href="/wiki/Aunis" title="Aunis">Aunis</a>, it has become the most important coastal city between the <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gironde_estuary" title="Gironde estuary">Gironde</a> estuaries. La Rochelle's urban activities are many in number and strongly differentiated, being a city with port and industrial functions that are still important, but also including a predominantly administrative and <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">tertiary sector</a> that is reinforced by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_La_Rochelle" class="mw-redirect" title="University of La Rochelle">university</a> and a rapidly developing tourism industry. In the early 21st century, the city has consistently been ranked among France's most liveable cities.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until 2015, the town was part of the administrative region called <a href="/wiki/Poitou-Charentes" title="Poitou-Charentes">Poitou-Charentes</a>, that was before the delimitation of regions in France.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_La_Rochelle" title="Timeline of La Rochelle">Timeline of La Rochelle</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carte_du_pays_de_Santones_sous_les_Romains_Pertuis_d_Antioche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Carte_du_pays_de_Santones_sous_les_Romains_Pertuis_d_Antioche.jpg/170px-Carte_du_pays_de_Santones_sous_les_Romains_Pertuis_d_Antioche.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Carte_du_pays_de_Santones_sous_les_Romains_Pertuis_d_Antioche.jpg/255px-Carte_du_pays_de_Santones_sous_les_Romains_Pertuis_d_Antioche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Carte_du_pays_de_Santones_sous_les_Romains_Pertuis_d_Antioche.jpg/340px-Carte_du_pays_de_Santones_sous_les_Romains_Pertuis_d_Antioche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="2766" /></a><figcaption>Coastline around La Rochelle in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> times</figcaption></figure> <p>The Romans subsequently occupied the area, where they developed salt production along the coast. Roman villas have been found at Saint-Éloi and at <a href="/wiki/Les_Minimes" title="Les Minimes">Les Minimes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Salt_evaporation_pond" title="Salt evaporation pond">Salt evaporation ponds</a> dating from the same period have also been found. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation">Foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name was first recorded in 961 as <i>Rupella</i>, from a Latin diminutive meaning 'little rock'. It was later known as <i>Rocella</i> and <i>Roscella</i> before the name took on its current form. The establishment of La Rochelle as a harbour was a consequence of the victory of Duke <a href="/wiki/William_X_of_Aquitaine" class="mw-redirect" title="William X of Aquitaine">Guillaume X</a> of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Aquitaine" title="Duchy of Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a> over <a href="/wiki/Isambert_de_Ch%C3%A2telaillon" class="mw-redirect" title="Isambert de Châtelaillon">Isambert de Châtelaillon</a> in 1130, and the subsequent destruction of his harbour of <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2telaillon" class="mw-redirect" title="Châtelaillon">Châtelaillon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1137, Guillaume X to all intents and purposes made La Rochelle a free port and gave it the right to identify as a <a href="/wiki/Medieval_commune" title="Medieval commune">commune</a>. </p><p>Fifty years later <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a> upheld the communal charter promulgated by her father. For the first time in France, a city mayor was appointed for La Rochelle, <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Montmirail" title="Guillaume de Montmirail">Guillaume de Montmirail</a>. Guillaume was assisted in his responsibilities by 24 municipal magistrates, and 75 nobles who had jurisdiction over the inhabitants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plantagenet_rule_(1154–1224)"><span id="Plantagenet_rule_.281154.E2.80.931224.29"></span>Plantagenet rule (1154–1224)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Plantagenet rule (1154–1224)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:340px;max-width:340px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A2teau_Vauclair_(La_Rochelle).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Ch%C3%A2teau_Vauclair_%28La_Rochelle%29.png/220px-Ch%C3%A2teau_Vauclair_%28La_Rochelle%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Ch%C3%A2teau_Vauclair_%28La_Rochelle%29.png/330px-Ch%C3%A2teau_Vauclair_%28La_Rochelle%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Ch%C3%A2teau_Vauclair_%28La_Rochelle%29.png/440px-Ch%C3%A2teau_Vauclair_%28La_Rochelle%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1051" data-file-height="790" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:114px;max-width:114px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vauclair_fortifications.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Vauclair_fortifications.jpg/112px-Vauclair_fortifications.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Vauclair_fortifications.jpg/168px-Vauclair_fortifications.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Vauclair_fortifications.jpg/224px-Vauclair_fortifications.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1952" data-file-height="2914" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left"><i>Left image</i>: <a href="/wiki/Vauclair_castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Vauclair castle">Vauclair castle</a> was built by the English in 1185.<br /> <i>Right image</i>: Remnants of Vauclair castle, Place de Verdun, La Rochelle.</div></div></div></div> <p>Eleanor married Henry Plantagenet in 1152, who became king of England as <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II</a> in 1154, thus putting La Rochelle under Plantagenet rule, until <a href="/wiki/Louis_VIII_of_France" title="Louis VIII of France">Louis VIII</a> captured it in the 1224 <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_La_Rochelle_(1224)" title="Siege of La Rochelle (1224)">siege of La Rochelle</a>. During the Plantagenet control of the city in 1185, Henry II had the <a href="/wiki/Vauclair_castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Vauclair castle">Vauclair castle</a> built, remains of which are still visible in the Place de Verdun.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:326px;max-width:326px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Court_de_la_Commanderie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Court_de_la_Commanderie.jpg/200px-Court_de_la_Commanderie.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Court_de_la_Commanderie.jpg/300px-Court_de_la_Commanderie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Court_de_la_Commanderie.jpg/400px-Court_de_la_Commanderie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2765" data-file-height="2186" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:120px;max-width:120px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Templar_cross_Cour_de_la_Commanderie_La_Rochelle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Templar_cross_Cour_de_la_Commanderie_La_Rochelle.jpg/118px-Templar_cross_Cour_de_la_Commanderie_La_Rochelle.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Templar_cross_Cour_de_la_Commanderie_La_Rochelle.jpg/177px-Templar_cross_Cour_de_la_Commanderie_La_Rochelle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Templar_cross_Cour_de_la_Commanderie_La_Rochelle.jpg/236px-Templar_cross_Cour_de_la_Commanderie_La_Rochelle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="1510" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left"><b>Left image</b>: <i>Cour de la Commanderie</i> in La Rochelle, ancient location of the Templars' headquarters.<br /> <b>Right image</b>: Original Templar cross, <i>Cour de la Commanderie</i>.</div></div></div></div> <p>The main activities of the city were in the areas of maritime commerce and trade, especially with England, the Netherlands and Spain. In 1196, wealthy bourgeois <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Auffredi" title="Alexandre Auffredi">Alexandre Auffredi</a> sent a fleet of seven ships to Africa seeking wealth. He went bankrupt awaiting the return of his ships; they returned seven years later bearing riches. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Knights_Templar">Knights Templar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Knights Templar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a> had a strong presence in La Rochelle since before the time of <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a>, who exempted them from duties and gave them <a href="/wiki/Mill_(grinding)" title="Mill (grinding)">mills</a> in her 1139 Charter.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Rochelle was the Templars' largest base on the Atlantic Ocean,<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and where they stationed their main fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From La Rochelle, they were able to act as intermediaries in trade between England and the Mediterranean.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A popular thread of <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theory</a> originating with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Holy_Blood_and_the_Holy_Grail" title="The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail">Holy Blood, Holy Grail</a></i> has it that the Templars used a fleet of 18 ships which had brought <a href="/wiki/Jacques_de_Molay" title="Jacques de Molay">Jacques de Molay</a> from Cyprus to La Rochelle to escape arrest in France. The fleet allegedly left laden with knights and treasures just before the issue of the warrant for the arrest of the Order in October 1307.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hundred_Years'_War"><span id="Hundred_Years.27_War"></span>Hundred Years' War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hundred Years' War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Royal_demesne" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal demesne">Royal property</a> since 1271, the 1293 sacking of La Rochelle by the <a href="/wiki/Bayonnais" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayonnais">Bayonnais</a> during an outbreak of reciprocal <a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Piracy in the Middle Ages">piracy</a> between English and French (particularly <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Norman</a>) sailors was one of the main charges of <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">King Philip<span class="nowrap"> </span>IV</a> against <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">King Edward<span class="nowrap"> </span>I</a> when he declared the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Aquitaine" title="Duchy of Aquitaine">Duchy of Aquitaine</a> forfeit to the French crown,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeebøll-Holm201384–89_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeebøll-Holm201384–89-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> prompting the 1294–1303 <a href="/wiki/Gascon_War" title="Gascon War">Gascon War</a> whose <a href="/wiki/1299_Treaty_of_Montreuil" class="mw-redirect" title="1299 Treaty of Montreuil">peace terms</a> produced <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">the marriage</a> that led to <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward<span class="nowrap"> </span>III</a>'s later claims to the French crown. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Br%C3%A9tigny" title="Treaty of Brétigny">Treaty of Brétigny</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>, La Rochelle again came under the rule of the English monarch in 1360. La Rochelle however expelled the English in June 1372, following the naval <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Rochelle" title="Battle of La Rochelle">Battle of La Rochelle</a>, between Castilian-French and English fleets. The French and Spanish decisively defeated the English, securing French control of the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">Channel</a> for the first time since the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sluys" title="Battle of Sluys">Battle of Sluys</a> in 1340. The naval battle of La Rochelle was one of the first cases of the use of <a href="/wiki/Handgun" title="Handgun">handguns</a> on warships, which were deployed by the French and Spanish against the English.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having recovered freedom, La Rochelle refused entry to <a href="/wiki/Du_Guesclin" class="mw-redirect" title="Du Guesclin">Du Guesclin</a>, until <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V</a> recognized the privileges of the city in November 1372. </p><p>In 1402, the French adventurer <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_B%C3%A9thencourt" title="Jean de Béthencourt">Jean de Béthencourt</a> left La Rochelle and sailed along the coast of Morocco to conquer the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the 15th century, La Rochelle was to be the largest French harbour on the Atlantic coast, dealing mainly in wine, salt and cheese. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_Wars_of_Religion">French Wars of Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: French Wars of Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:325px;max-width:325px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iconoclasm_Clocher_Saint_Barthelemy_south_side_La_Rochelle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Iconoclasm_Clocher_Saint_Barthelemy_south_side_La_Rochelle.jpg/200px-Iconoclasm_Clocher_Saint_Barthelemy_south_side_La_Rochelle.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Iconoclasm_Clocher_Saint_Barthelemy_south_side_La_Rochelle.jpg/300px-Iconoclasm_Clocher_Saint_Barthelemy_south_side_La_Rochelle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Iconoclasm_Clocher_Saint_Barthelemy_south_side_La_Rochelle.jpg/400px-Iconoclasm_Clocher_Saint_Barthelemy_south_side_La_Rochelle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1464" data-file-height="1153" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iconoclasm_Eglise_Saint_Sauveur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Iconoclasm_Eglise_Saint_Sauveur.jpg/117px-Iconoclasm_Eglise_Saint_Sauveur.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Iconoclasm_Eglise_Saint_Sauveur.jpg/176px-Iconoclasm_Eglise_Saint_Sauveur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Iconoclasm_Eglise_Saint_Sauveur.jpg/234px-Iconoclasm_Eglise_Saint_Sauveur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1691" data-file-height="2295" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left"><b>Left image</b>: Remains of <a href="/wiki/Reformation_iconoclasm" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformation iconoclasm">Reformation iconoclasm</a>, Clocher Saint-Barthélémy, La Rochelle.<br /> <b>Right image</b>: Remains of iconoclasm, Eglise Saint-Sauveur, La Rochelle.</div></div></div></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, La Rochelle adopted Protestant ideas. <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a> started to be propagated in the region of La Rochelle, resulting in its suppression through the establishment of <i>Cours présidiaux</i> tribunals by <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henry II</a>. An early result of this was the burning at the stake of two "heretics" in La Rochelle in 1552.<sup id="cite_ref-Robbins_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robbins-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conversions to Calvinism however continued, due to a change of religious beliefs, but also to a desire for political independence on the part of the local elite, and a popular opposition to royal expenses and requisitions in the building projects to fortify the coast against England.<sup id="cite_ref-Robbins_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robbins-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the initiative of <a href="/wiki/Gaspard_II_de_Coligny" title="Gaspard II de Coligny">Gaspard de Coligny</a>, the Calvinists attempted to colonise the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> to find a new home for their religion, with the likes of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Richier" title="Pierre Richier">Pierre Richier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_L%C3%A9ry" title="Jean de Léry">Jean de Léry</a>. After the short-lived attempt of <a href="/wiki/France_Antarctique" title="France Antarctique">France Antarctique</a>, they failed to establish a colony in Brazil, and finally resolved to make a stand in La Rochelle itself.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Richier" title="Pierre Richier">Pierre Richier</a> became "Ministre de l'église de la Rochelle" ("Minister of the Church of La Rochelle") when he returned from Brazil in 1558, and was able to considerably increase the Huguenot presence in La Rochelle, from a small base of about 50 souls who had been secretly educated in the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> faith by <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Clermont" title="Charles de Clermont">Charles de Clermont</a> the previous year. He has been described, by <a href="/wiki/Lancelot_Voisin_de_La_Popelini%C3%A8re" title="Lancelot Voisin de La Popelinière">Lancelot Voisin de La Popelinière</a>, as "le père de l'église de La Rochelle" ("The Father of the Church of La Rochelle"). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_temple_de_La_Rochelle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Grand_temple_de_La_Rochelle.jpg/220px-Grand_temple_de_La_Rochelle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Grand_temple_de_La_Rochelle.jpg/330px-Grand_temple_de_La_Rochelle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Grand_temple_de_La_Rochelle.jpg/440px-Grand_temple_de_La_Rochelle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="619" /></a><figcaption>Protestant "Grand Temple" of La Rochelle, built on the <i>Place du Château</i>, modern <i>Place de Verdun</i>, in 1600–1603, accidentally burned down in 1687</figcaption></figure> <p>La Rochelle was the first French city, with <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>, to experience <a href="/wiki/Reformation_iconoclasm" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformation iconoclasm">iconoclastic riots</a> in 1560, at the time of the suppression of the <a href="/wiki/Amboise_conspiracy" title="Amboise conspiracy">Amboise conspiracy</a>, before the riots spread to many other cities.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further cases of <a href="/wiki/Reformation_iconoclasm" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformation iconoclasm">Reformation iconoclasm</a> were recorded in La Rochelle from 30 May 1562, following the <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Vassy" title="Massacre of Vassy">Massacre of Vassy</a>. Protestants pillaged churches, destroyed images and statues, and also assassinated 13 Catholic priests in the <a href="/wiki/Lantern_Tower_(La_Rochelle,_France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lantern Tower (La Rochelle, France)">Tower of the Lantern</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1568, La Rochelle became a centre for the <a href="/wiki/Huguenots" title="Huguenots">Huguenots</a>, and the city declared itself an independent Reformed Republic on the model of <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the subsequent period, La Rochelle became an entity that has been described as a "<a href="/wiki/State_within_a_state" class="mw-redirect" title="State within a state">state within a state</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to numerous conflicts with the Catholic central government. The city supported the Protestant movement of <a href="/wiki/William_the_Silent" title="William the Silent">William of Orange</a> in the Netherlands, and from La Rochelle the Dutch under <a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Nassau" title="Louis of Nassau">Louis of Nassau</a> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Sea_Beggars" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea Beggars">Sea Beggars</a></i> were able to raid Spanish shipping.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1571 the city of La Rochelle suffered a naval blockade by the French Navy under the command of <a href="/wiki/Filippo_di_Piero_Strozzi" title="Filippo di Piero Strozzi">Filippo di Piero Strozzi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Escalin_des_Aimars" title="Antoine Escalin des Aimars">Antoine Escalin des Aimars</a>, a former protagonist of the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Ottoman_alliance" title="Franco-Ottoman alliance">Franco-Ottoman alliance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was finally besieged during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_La_Rochelle_(1572%E2%80%931573)" title="Siege of La Rochelle (1572–1573)">siege of La Rochelle (1572–1573)</a> during the <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/St._Bartholomew%27s_Day_massacre" title="St. Bartholomew's Day massacre">St. Bartholomew's Day massacre</a> in August 1572, and occurred at the same time as other sieges of Protestant cities such as the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sancerre" title="Siege of Sancerre">siege of Sancerre</a>. The conflict ended with the 1573 <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_La_Rochelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace of La Rochelle">Peace of La Rochelle</a>, which restricted the Protestant worship to the three cities of <a href="/wiki/Montauban" title="Montauban">Montauban</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a> and La Rochelle. Pierre Richier died in La Rochelle in 1580. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Huguenot_rebellions">Huguenot rebellions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Huguenot rebellions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Huguenot_rebellions" title="Huguenot rebellions">Huguenot rebellions</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrance_to_La_Rochelle_harbour_Claude_Lorrain_1631.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Entrance_to_La_Rochelle_harbour_Claude_Lorrain_1631.JPG/220px-Entrance_to_La_Rochelle_harbour_Claude_Lorrain_1631.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Entrance_to_La_Rochelle_harbour_Claude_Lorrain_1631.JPG/330px-Entrance_to_La_Rochelle_harbour_Claude_Lorrain_1631.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Entrance_to_La_Rochelle_harbour_Claude_Lorrain_1631.JPG/440px-Entrance_to_La_Rochelle_harbour_Claude_Lorrain_1631.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="818" /></a><figcaption>La Rochelle in 1628 – detail of <a href="/wiki/Claude_Lorrain" title="Claude Lorrain">Claude Lorrain</a> <i><a href="/wiki/File:Siege_of_La_Rochelle_by_Claude_Lorrain_Le_Louvre.jpg" title="File:Siege of La Rochelle by Claude Lorrain Le Louvre.jpg">Le siège de La Rochelle</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Under Henry IV, and under the regency of his son <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIII of France">Louis XIII</a>, the city enjoyed a certain freedom and prosperity. However, La Rochelle entered into conflict with the authority of the adult Louis, beginning with a <a href="/wiki/Huguenot_rebellion_of_1622" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot rebellion of 1622">1622 revolt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ZnE0tjj9MbgC_p.22_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZnE0tjj9MbgC_p.22-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fleet from La Rochelle fought a royal fleet of 35 ships under <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Guise" title="Charles, Duke of Guise">Charles, Duke of Guise</a>, in front of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-R%C3%A9" title="Saint-Martin-de-Ré">Saint-Martin-de-Ré</a>, but was defeated on 27 October 1622, leading to the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Montpellier" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace of Montpellier">Peace of Montpellier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ZnE0tjj9MbgC_p.22_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZnE0tjj9MbgC_p.22-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Revolt_of_Soubise_(1625)"><span id="Revolt_of_Soubise_.281625.29"></span>Revolt of Soubise (1625)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Revolt of Soubise (1625)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_R%C3%A9_island" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Ré island">Capture of Ré island</a></div> <p>In 1625, a new Huguenot revolt led by Duke <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Rohan" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri de Rohan">Henri de Rohan</a> and his brother <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_de_Rohan,_duc_de_Soubise" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin de Rohan, duc de Soubise">Soubise</a> led to the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_R%C3%A9_island" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Ré island">Capture of Ré island</a> by the forces of Louis XIII. Soubise conquered large parts of the Atlantic coast, but the supporting fleet of La Rochelle was finally defeated by <a href="/wiki/Henri_II_de_Montmorency" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri II de Montmorency">Montmorency</a>, as was Soubise with 3,000 when he led a counter-attack against the royal troops who had landed on the island of Ré.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Siege_of_La_Rochelle_(1627–1628)"><span id="Siege_of_La_Rochelle_.281627.E2.80.931628.29"></span>Siege of La Rochelle (1627–1628)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Siege of La Rochelle (1627–1628)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_La_Rochelle" title="Siege of La Rochelle">Siege of La Rochelle</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siege_of_La_Rochelle_1881_Henri_Motte.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Siege_of_La_Rochelle_1881_Henri_Motte.png/220px-Siege_of_La_Rochelle_1881_Henri_Motte.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Siege_of_La_Rochelle_1881_Henri_Motte.png/330px-Siege_of_La_Rochelle_1881_Henri_Motte.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Siege_of_La_Rochelle_1881_Henri_Motte.png/440px-Siege_of_La_Rochelle_1881_Henri_Motte.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1705" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a> at the siege of La Rochelle, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Motte" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Motte">Henri Motte</a>, 1881</figcaption></figure> <p>Following these events, <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a> and his Chief Minister <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a> declared the suppression of the Huguenot revolt the first priority of the kingdom. The English came to the support of La Rochelle, starting <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_War_(1627-1629)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-French War (1627-1629)">the Anglo-French War</a>, by sending a major expedition under the <a href="/wiki/George_Villiers,_1st_Duke_of_Buckingham" title="George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham">Duke of Buckingham</a>. The expedition however ended in a fiasco for England with the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Saint-Martin-de-R%C3%A9_(1627)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Saint-Martin-de-Ré (1627)">siege of Saint-Martin-de-Ré</a>. Meanwhile, cannon shots were exchanged on 10 September 1627 between La Rochelle and Royal troops. This resulted in the siege of La Rochelle in which <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a> blockaded the city for 14 months, until the city surrendered and lost its mayor and its privileges. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Expulsion_from_La_Rochelle_of_300_Protestant_famillies_Nov_1661_Jan_Luiken_1649_1712.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Expulsion_from_La_Rochelle_of_300_Protestant_famillies_Nov_1661_Jan_Luiken_1649_1712.jpg/220px-Expulsion_from_La_Rochelle_of_300_Protestant_famillies_Nov_1661_Jan_Luiken_1649_1712.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Expulsion_from_La_Rochelle_of_300_Protestant_famillies_Nov_1661_Jan_Luiken_1649_1712.jpg/330px-Expulsion_from_La_Rochelle_of_300_Protestant_famillies_Nov_1661_Jan_Luiken_1649_1712.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Expulsion_from_La_Rochelle_of_300_Protestant_famillies_Nov_1661_Jan_Luiken_1649_1712.jpg/440px-Expulsion_from_La_Rochelle_of_300_Protestant_famillies_Nov_1661_Jan_Luiken_1649_1712.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2479" data-file-height="1979" /></a><figcaption>Expulsion from La Rochelle of 300 Protestant families in November 1661, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Luiken" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Luiken">Jan Luiken</a> (1649–1712)</figcaption></figure> <p>The remaining Protestants of La Rochelle suffered new persecutions, when 300 families were again expelled in November 1661, the year <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a> came to power. The reason for the expulsions was that Catholics deeply resented a degree of revival of Protestant ownership of property within the city.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The growing persecution of the Huguenots culminated with the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Fontainebleau_(1685)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edict of Fontainebleau (1685)">Revocation of the Edict of Nantes</a> by Louis XIV in 1685. Many Huguenots emigrated, founding such cities as <a href="/wiki/New_Rochelle" class="mw-redirect" title="New Rochelle">New Rochelle</a> in the vicinity of today's New York in 1689. La Rochelle, and the siege of 1627 form much of the backdrop to the later chapters of <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas,_p%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Dumas, père">Alexandre Dumas, père</a>'s classic novel, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers" title="The Three Musketeers">The Three Musketeers</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_Rochelle_and_the_New_World">La Rochelle and the New World</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: La Rochelle and the New World"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/France-Americas_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="France-Americas relations">France-Americas relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Rochelle_slave_ship_Le_Saphir_1741.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/La_Rochelle_slave_ship_Le_Saphir_1741.jpg/220px-La_Rochelle_slave_ship_Le_Saphir_1741.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/La_Rochelle_slave_ship_Le_Saphir_1741.jpg/330px-La_Rochelle_slave_ship_Le_Saphir_1741.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/La_Rochelle_slave_ship_Le_Saphir_1741.jpg/440px-La_Rochelle_slave_ship_Le_Saphir_1741.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1608" data-file-height="1267" /></a><figcaption>La Rochelle <a href="/wiki/Slave_ship" title="Slave ship">slave ship</a> <i>Le Saphir</i> <a href="/wiki/Ex-voto" title="Ex-voto">ex-voto</a><i>, 1741</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LaRochelleHarbour1762.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/LaRochelleHarbour1762.jpg/220px-LaRochelleHarbour1762.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/LaRochelleHarbour1762.jpg/330px-LaRochelleHarbour1762.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/LaRochelleHarbour1762.jpg/440px-LaRochelleHarbour1762.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2235" data-file-height="1399" /></a><figcaption>La Rochelle harbour in 1762 – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Vernet" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Vernet">Joseph Vernet</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Marine" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée de la Marine">Musée de la Marine</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Because of its western location, which saved days of sailing time, La Rochelle enjoyed successful fishing in the western Atlantic and trading with the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>, which served to counterbalance the disadvantage of not being at the mouth of a river (useful for shipping goods to and from the interior). Its <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Protestant</a> ship-owning and merchant class prospered in the 16th century until the Wars of Religion devastated the city.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British navy in wartime were alert that shore watchers at La Rochelle were employed.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The period following the wars was a prosperous one, marked by intense exchanges with the New World (<a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">Nouvelle France</a> in Canada, and the <a href="/wiki/Antilles" title="Antilles">Antilles</a>). La Rochelle <i>armateurs</i> (shipowners) became very active<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Triangular_trade" title="Triangular trade">triangular trade</a> with the New World, dealing in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery" title="History of slavery">slave trade</a> with Africa, <a href="/wiki/Sugar_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar trade">sugar trade</a> with <a href="/wiki/Plantations" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantations">plantations</a> of the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur trade</a> with Canada. This was a period of high artistic, cultural and architectural achievements for the city.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> La Rochelle was also the port city from which the Carignan-Salieres Regiment departed for Nouvelle France. In 1664, based upon attacks by the Iroquois against the Quebec inhabitants and following the request of the New France Sovereign Council, the French finance minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert ordered the 24 companies composing the Carignan-Salières Regiment to duty in New France. Beginning with departures from the port of La Rochelle, France on 19 Apr 1665, five troop ships and one supply ship left the French coast. A sixth troop ship, Le Breze, began the journey from the Antilles island in the West Indies. All of the seven ships arrived at Quebec City during the three-month period between 19 Jun 1665 and 14 Sep 1665. They carried approximately 1,200 men of the regiment. Additionally, it was from this port city that many of the estimated 768 women known as the <a href="/wiki/Filles_du_Roi" class="mw-redirect" title="Filles du Roi">Filles du Roi</a> (Daughters of the King), set sail for Quebec during the period of 1663 to 1673.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle" title="René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle">Robert de La Salle</a> departed from La Rochelle, France, on 24 July 1684, with the aim of setting up a colony at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, eventually establishing <a href="/wiki/Fort_Saint_Louis_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Saint Louis (Texas)">Fort Saint Louis</a> in Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city eventually lost its trade and prominence during the decades spanning the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>. During that period France lost many of the territorial possessions which it had had in the New World, and also saw a significant decrease in its <a href="/wiki/Sea_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea power">sea power</a> in the continuing conflicts with Britain, ultimately diminishing the role of such harbours as La Rochelle. After abolitionist movements led by such people as <a href="/wiki/Samuel_de_Missy" title="Samuel de Missy">Samuel de Missy</a>, the slave trade of La Rochelle ended with the onset of the French Revolution and the war with England in the 1790s, the last La Rochelle slave ship, the <i>Saint-Jacques</i> being captured in 1793 in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1794, the National Convention passed the <a href="/wiki/Law_of_4_February_1794" title="Law of 4 February 1794">Law of 4 February 1794</a>, which effectively freed all colonial slaves.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1809, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Basque_Roads" title="Battle of the Basque Roads">Battle of the Basque Roads</a> took place near La Rochelle, in which a British fleet defeated the French Atlantic Fleet.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_Rochelle_faience">La Rochelle faience</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: La Rochelle faience"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/French_porcelain" title="French porcelain">French porcelain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orientalism_in_early_modern_France" title="Orientalism in early modern France">Orientalism in early modern France</a></div> <p>La Rochelle became one of the French centres for <a href="/wiki/Faience" title="Faience">faience</a> at the end of the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Palissy" title="Bernard Palissy">Bernard Palissy</a> was born in the region and had some bearing in this development. During the 18th century, its style was greatly influenced by Chinese themes and Japanese <a href="/wiki/Kakiemon" title="Kakiemon">Kakiemon</a>-type designs.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these ceramics can be viewed at the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orbigny-Bernon" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée d'Orbigny-Bernon">Musée d'Orbigny-Bernon</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Rochelle_Faience_de_grand_feu_with_Chinese_manganese_motif_18th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="La Rochelle faience, 18th century."><img alt="La Rochelle faience, 18th century." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/La_Rochelle_Faience_de_grand_feu_with_Chinese_manganese_motif_18th_century.jpg/120px-La_Rochelle_Faience_de_grand_feu_with_Chinese_manganese_motif_18th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/La_Rochelle_Faience_de_grand_feu_with_Chinese_manganese_motif_18th_century.jpg/180px-La_Rochelle_Faience_de_grand_feu_with_Chinese_manganese_motif_18th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/La_Rochelle_Faience_de_grand_feu_with_Chinese_manganese_motif_18th_century.jpg/240px-La_Rochelle_Faience_de_grand_feu_with_Chinese_manganese_motif_18th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="2137" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">La Rochelle faience, 18th century.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Rochelle_Faience_de_grand_feu_plate_with_Chinese_decorations_18th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="La Rochelle faience with Chinese decorations."><img alt="La Rochelle faience with Chinese decorations." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/La_Rochelle_Faience_de_grand_feu_plate_with_Chinese_decorations_18th_century.jpg/120px-La_Rochelle_Faience_de_grand_feu_plate_with_Chinese_decorations_18th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/La_Rochelle_Faience_de_grand_feu_plate_with_Chinese_decorations_18th_century.jpg/180px-La_Rochelle_Faience_de_grand_feu_plate_with_Chinese_decorations_18th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/La_Rochelle_Faience_de_grand_feu_plate_with_Chinese_decorations_18th_century.jpg/239px-La_Rochelle_Faience_de_grand_feu_plate_with_Chinese_decorations_18th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2069" data-file-height="2074" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">La Rochelle faience with Chinese decorations.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Rochelle_Faience_de_grand_feu_pot_with_Chinese_decorations_18th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="La Rochelle faience pot, 18th century."><img alt="La Rochelle faience pot, 18th century." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/La_Rochelle_Faience_de_grand_feu_pot_with_Chinese_decorations_18th_century.jpg/120px-La_Rochelle_Faience_de_grand_feu_pot_with_Chinese_decorations_18th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/La_Rochelle_Faience_de_grand_feu_pot_with_Chinese_decorations_18th_century.jpg/180px-La_Rochelle_Faience_de_grand_feu_pot_with_Chinese_decorations_18th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/La_Rochelle_Faience_de_grand_feu_pot_with_Chinese_decorations_18th_century.jpg/240px-La_Rochelle_Faience_de_grand_feu_pot_with_Chinese_decorations_18th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1892" data-file-height="1715" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">La Rochelle faience pot, 18th century.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1864, the harbour of La Rochelle (area of the "Bassin à flot" behind the water locks), was the site for the maiden dive experiments of the first mechanically-powered <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a> in the World, <i><a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Plongeur" title="French submarine Plongeur">Plongeur</a></i>, commanded by <a href="/wiki/Marie-Joseph-Camille_Dor%C3%A9" title="Marie-Joseph-Camille Doré">Marie-Joseph-Camille Doré</a>, a native of La Rochelle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Allied_siege_of_La_Rochelle" title="Allied siege of La Rochelle">Allied siege of La Rochelle</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baselapallice08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Baselapallice08.jpg/220px-Baselapallice08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Baselapallice08.jpg/330px-Baselapallice08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Baselapallice08.jpg/440px-Baselapallice08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="258" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/U-boat_pens" class="mw-redirect" title="U-boat pens">U-boat pens</a> at the harbor of La Rochelle (2007)</figcaption></figure> <p>During the Second World War, Germany established a <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a> naval base at La Pallice (the main port of La Rochelle). </p><p>A German stronghold, La Rochelle was the last French city to be liberated at the end of the war. The <a href="/wiki/Allied_siege_of_La_Rochelle" title="Allied siege of La Rochelle">Allied siege of La Rochelle</a> took place between 12 September 1944 and 7 May 1945. The stronghold, including the islands of <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_R%C3%A9" title="Île de Ré">Ré</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ol%C3%A9ron" title="Oléron">Oléron</a>, was held by 20,000 German troops under German vice-admiral <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Schirlitz" title="Ernst Schirlitz">Ernst Schirlitz</a>. Following negotiations by the <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> frigate captain Meyer, the general German capitulation occurred on 7 May and French troops entered La Rochelle on 8 May. </p><p>The submarine base became the setting for parts of the movie <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Das_Boot" title="Das Boot">Das Boot</a></i></span>. The U-boat scenes in <i><a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a></i> were also shot in La Rochelle. The base is featured in the computer game <i><a href="/wiki/Commandos_2:_Men_of_Courage" title="Commandos 2: Men of Courage">Commandos 2: Men of Courage</a></i>. It was also chosen in 2018 for the location shooting of the German television series <i><a href="/wiki/Das_Boot_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Das Boot (TV series)">Das Boot</a></i> (a sequel to the <a href="/wiki/Das_Boot" title="Das Boot">1981 classic</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_Rochelle_today">La Rochelle today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: La Rochelle today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramique_des_tours_de_La_Rochelle_de_nuit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panoramic picture of the harbour towers at night."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Panoramique_des_tours_de_La_Rochelle_de_nuit.jpg/800px-Panoramique_des_tours_de_La_Rochelle_de_nuit.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Panoramique_des_tours_de_La_Rochelle_de_nuit.jpg/1200px-Panoramique_des_tours_de_La_Rochelle_de_nuit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Panoramique_des_tours_de_La_Rochelle_de_nuit.jpg/1600px-Panoramique_des_tours_de_La_Rochelle_de_nuit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9632" data-file-height="1480" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramique_des_tours_de_La_Rochelle_de_nuit.jpg" title="File:Panoramique des tours de La Rochelle de nuit.jpg"> </a></div>Panoramic picture of the harbour towers at night.</div></div></div> <p>La Rochelle possesses a commercial deep water harbour, named <a href="/wiki/La_Pallice_(harbour)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Pallice (harbour)">La Pallice</a>. The large <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a> pens built during World War II still stand there, although they are not in use. La Pallice is equipped with oil unloading equipment, and mainly handles <a href="/wiki/Tropical_timber" title="Tropical timber">tropical wood</a>. It is also the location of the fishing fleet, which was moved from the old harbour in the centre of the city during the 1980s. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Rochelle_1762-2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/La_Rochelle_1762-2019.jpg/220px-La_Rochelle_1762-2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/La_Rochelle_1762-2019.jpg/330px-La_Rochelle_1762-2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/La_Rochelle_1762-2019.jpg/440px-La_Rochelle_1762-2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3880" data-file-height="3382" /></a><figcaption>La Rochelle harbour by Vernet in 1762 and the same view 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>La Rochelle has a very big <a href="/wiki/Aquarium" title="Aquarium">aquarium</a>, and a small <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a> (the <i><a href="/wiki/Jardin_des_plantes_de_La_Rochelle" title="Jardin des plantes de La Rochelle">Jardin des plantes de La Rochelle</a></i>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Calypso_(ship)" title="Calypso (ship)">Calypso</a></i>, the ship used by <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Yves_Cousteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques-Yves Cousteau">Jacques-Yves Cousteau</a> as a mobile laboratory for oceanography, and which was sunk after a collision in the port of <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> (1996) is now on display (rotting) at the Maritime Museum of La Rochelle.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">French Socialist Party</a> has held its annual summer convention (<i>Université d'été</i>) in La Rochelle since 1983.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture">Culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Festival de la Fiction is a <a href="/wiki/Film_festival" title="Film festival">film festival</a> that films screens new films in official competitions (French, European, and <a href="/wiki/Francophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Francophone">other Francophone countries</a>), out of competition, and also in special screenings. The first ten years of the festival, from around 1998, took place in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Tropez" title="Saint-Tropez">Saint-Tropez</a>, before moving to La Rochelle in around 2013 or 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the biggest music festivals in France, <a href="/wiki/Les_Francofolies_de_La_Rochelle" title="Les Francofolies de La Rochelle">Les Francofolies de La Rochelle</a>, takes place each summer in La Rochelle, where Francophone musicians come together for a week of concerts and celebration. 2004 marked the 20th anniversary of this event.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrance_La_Rochelle_old_harbor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Entrance_La_Rochelle_old_harbor.jpg/220px-Entrance_La_Rochelle_old_harbor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Entrance_La_Rochelle_old_harbor.jpg/330px-Entrance_La_Rochelle_old_harbor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Entrance_La_Rochelle_old_harbor.jpg/440px-Entrance_La_Rochelle_old_harbor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4477" data-file-height="2672" /></a><figcaption>Harbour towers</figcaption></figure> <p>La Rochelle's main feature is the "Vieux Port" ("Old Harbour"), which is at the heart of the city, picturesque and lined with seafood restaurants. The city walls are open to an evening promenade. The old town has been well preserved. Three medieval towers are a prominent tourist attraction at the entrance to the harbor: <a href="/wiki/The_Chain_Tower" title="The Chain Tower">The Chain Tower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lantern_Tower_(La_Rochelle,_France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lantern Tower (La Rochelle, France)">The Lantern Tower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicolas_Tower" title="Saint Nicolas Tower">Saint Nicolas Tower</a>. From the harbour, boating trips can be taken to the <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_d%27Aix" class="mw-redirect" title="Île d'Aix">Île d'Aix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Boyard_(fortification)" title="Fort Boyard (fortification)">Fort Boyard</a> (home to the TV show of the same name). Nearby <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_R%C3%A9" title="Île de Ré">Île de Ré</a> is a short drive to the North. The countryside of the surrounding Charente-Maritime is very rural and full of history (<a href="/wiki/Saintes,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saintes, Charente-Maritime">Saintes</a>). To the North is <a href="/wiki/Venise_Verte" class="mw-redirect" title="Venise Verte">Venise Verte</a>, a marshy area of country, crisscrossed with tiny canals and a resort for inland boating. Inland is the country of <a href="/wiki/Cognac,_France" title="Cognac, France">Cognac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pineau" class="mw-redirect" title="Pineau">Pineau</a>. The nearby <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_R%C3%A9" title="Île de Ré">Île de Ré</a> is accessible via a bridge from La Rochelle.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F07.LaRochelle.0013.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/F07.LaRochelle.0013.JPG/220px-F07.LaRochelle.0013.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/F07.LaRochelle.0013.JPG/330px-F07.LaRochelle.0013.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/F07.LaRochelle.0013.JPG/440px-F07.LaRochelle.0013.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption>"Grosse Horloge" tower</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Boyard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Fort_Boyard.jpg/220px-Fort_Boyard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Fort_Boyard.jpg/330px-Fort_Boyard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Fort_Boyard.jpg/440px-Fort_Boyard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Fort Boyard</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La Rochelle and its region are served by the international <a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle_-_%C3%8Ele_de_R%C3%A9_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rochelle - Île de Ré Airport">La Rochelle - Île de Ré Airport</a>, which has progressively developed over the last 5 years. The train station <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_La_Rochelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de La Rochelle">Gare de La Rochelle</a> offers connections to Bordeaux, Nantes, Poitiers, Paris and several regional destinations. </p><p><a href="/wiki/OFP_La_Rochelle" title="OFP La Rochelle">OFP La Rochelle</a> is a freight railway serving the port.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La Rochelle launched one of the first successful <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_sharing_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle sharing system">bicycle sharing systems</a> in 1974. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original university in La Rochelle was <a href="/wiki/University_Institutes_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="University Institutes of Technology">University Institutes of Technology</a>, established in 1968. Then, <a href="/wiki/University_of_La_Rochelle" class="mw-redirect" title="University of La Rochelle">University of La Rochelle</a> was incorporated to the technology institute in 1993. And, the second university in the city is the <a href="/wiki/Excelia_Group" title="Excelia Group">Excelia Group</a> (La Rochelle Business School), which was established in 1988. The city has more than 10,000 students each year.<sup id="cite_ref-excelia_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excelia-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they are the largest institutions of higher education of La Rochelle (7,000 and 3,500 students respectively). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Les_Minimes">Les Minimes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Les Minimes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Les_Minimes" title="Les Minimes">Les Minimes</a></div> <p>Located in La Rochelle is Les Minimes, a marina considered the city's new port for around 5,000 boat vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The newly built area also houses university campuses for 10,000 students, which has shops, restaurants, a cinema, and other amenities. There are many residences in a student village, which are accommodation for locals, students or tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-excelia_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excelia-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The port is the biggest in Europe, and has a long boat-building past, which today includes companies such as <a href="/wiki/Amel_Yachts" title="Amel Yachts">Amel Yachts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Rochelle_SPOT_1250.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/La_Rochelle_SPOT_1250.jpg/170px-La_Rochelle_SPOT_1250.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/La_Rochelle_SPOT_1250.jpg/255px-La_Rochelle_SPOT_1250.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/La_Rochelle_SPOT_1250.jpg/340px-La_Rochelle_SPOT_1250.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>La Rochelle seen from Spot Satellite</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Rochelle_0004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/La_Rochelle_0004.jpg/220px-La_Rochelle_0004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/La_Rochelle_0004.jpg/330px-La_Rochelle_0004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/La_Rochelle_0004.jpg/440px-La_Rochelle_0004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>The limestone cliffs around La Rochelle reveal the <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a> geology of the area</figcaption></figure> <p>The bedrock of La Rochelle and surrounding areas is composed of layers of <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> dating back to the Sequanian stage (upper <a href="/wiki/Oxfordian_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxfordian stage">Oxfordian stage</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a> period (circa 160 million years ago), when a large part of France was submerged. Many of these layers are visible in the white cliffs that border the sea, which contain many small marine <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossils</a>. Layers of thick white rock, formed during period of relatively warm seas, alternate with highly fragile layers containing sand and remains of mud, formed during colder periods, and with layers containing various corals, that were formed during warmer, tropical times.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The limestone thus formed is traditionally used as the main building material throughout the region. </p><p>The area of <a href="/wiki/La_Pointe_du_Chay" title="La Pointe du Chay">La Pointe du Chay</a> about five kilometres (three miles) from La Rochelle is a cliff area visited for leisurely geological surveys.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen's climate classification</a>, La Rochelle features an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a>. Although at the same latitude as <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> in Canada or the <a href="/wiki/Kuril_Islands" title="Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a> in Russia, the area experiences mild weather throughout the year due to the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Stream" title="Gulf Stream">Gulf Stream</a> waters, the summers are relatively warm, and <a href="/wiki/Insolation" class="mw-redirect" title="Insolation">insolation</a> is remarkably high—the highest in Western France, including sea resorts much further to the south such as <a href="/wiki/Biarritz" title="Biarritz">Biarritz</a>. La Rochelle seldom experiences very cold or very warm weather. These specific conditions – summer: dry and sunny, winter: mild and wet – have led to the establishment of a Mediterranean-type vegetation cohabiting with more continental and oceanic types of vegetation. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for La Rochelle, France (1981–2010 averages, extremes 1955–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.5<br />(104.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0<br />(102.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.2<br />(100.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1<br />(86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.5<br />(104.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.5<br />(11.3) </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.6<br />(7.5) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.6<br />(20.1) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9<br />(35.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.4<br />(31.3) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.4<br />(22.3) </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.5<br />(14.9) </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−13.6<br />(7.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.0<br />(2.91) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.8<br />(2.24) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.9<br />(2.12) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.9<br />(2.56) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.8<br />(2.20) </td> <td style="background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.1<br />(1.54) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.9<br />(1.73) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.0<br />(1.77) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.3<br />(2.37) </td> <td style="background: #76FF76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.9<br />(3.62) </td> <td style="background: #6FFF6F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.5<br />(3.68) </td> <td style="background: #7CFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.9<br />(3.46) </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">767.0<br />(30.20) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">114.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000AD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88 </td> <td style="background: #0000C7; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">81.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #9A9A9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.3 </td> <td style="background: #B8B850; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114.6 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.8 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">196.8 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">231.3 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">261.2 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">271.0 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">259.6 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">212.1 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF27; color:#000000;" class="notheme">140.5 </td> <td style="background: #ABABA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.3 </td> <td style="background: #8B8B8B; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.3 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,105.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Meteo_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteo France">Meteo France</a><sup id="cite_ref-MFclimat1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFclimat1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MFclimat2_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFclimat2-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity and snowy days 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-Infoclimat_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Infoclimat-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Its inhabitants are called "les Rochelaises" and "les Rochelais" in French.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of La Rochelle proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of La Rochelle absorbed part of the former commune of Saint-Maurice in 1858 and Laleu in 1880.<sup id="cite_ref-ehess_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehess-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1793 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">22,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1800 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,512</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.21%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1806 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,346</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.78%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1821 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,327</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.62%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1831 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">14,629</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.73%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1836 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">14,857</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.31%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1841 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">16,720</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.39%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1846 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,358</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.75%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">16,505</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.00%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1856 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">16,175</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.40%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,904</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.17%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1866 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,720</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.20%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1872 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">19,506</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.69%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1876 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">19,583</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.10%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">22,464</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.78%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1886 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">23,829</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.19%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">26,808</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.38%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1896 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">28,376</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.14%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">31,559</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.15%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1906 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">33,858</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.42%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">36,371</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.44%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">39,770</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.90%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">41,521</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.87%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">45,043</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.64%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">47,737</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.17%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1946 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">48,923</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.25%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">58,799</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.33%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1962 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">66,590</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.57%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1968 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">73,347</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.62%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1975 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">79,757</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.20%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">75,840</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.72%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">71,094</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.80%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">76,584</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.83%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2007 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">76,848</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.04%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2012 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">74,123</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.72%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2017 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">75,735</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.43%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: EHESS<sup id="cite_ref-ehess_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehess-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and INSEE (1968-2017)<sup id="cite_ref-pophist_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pophist-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Echafaudage_Tour_de_la_Lanterne_La_Rochelle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Echafaudage_Tour_de_la_Lanterne_La_Rochelle.jpg/220px-Echafaudage_Tour_de_la_Lanterne_La_Rochelle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Echafaudage_Tour_de_la_Lanterne_La_Rochelle.jpg/330px-Echafaudage_Tour_de_la_Lanterne_La_Rochelle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Echafaudage_Tour_de_la_Lanterne_La_Rochelle.jpg/440px-Echafaudage_Tour_de_la_Lanterne_La_Rochelle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="4592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lantern_Tower_(La_Rochelle,_France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lantern Tower (La Rochelle, France)">The Tour de la Lanterne</a> in La Rochelle, fully under scaffolding. 1 January 2015</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbigny-Bernon_Museum" title="Orbigny-Bernon Museum">Orbigny-Bernon Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9um_d%27histoire_naturelle_de_La_Rochelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Muséum d'histoire naturelle de La Rochelle">Muséum d'histoire naturelle de La Rochelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle_Cathedral" title="La Rochelle Cathedral">Saint-Louis Cathedral</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La Rochelle is the setting for the best-selling series of French language <a href="/wiki/Textbook" title="Textbook">textbooks</a> in the UK, titled <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tricolore_(textbook)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tricolore (textbook) (page does not exist)">Tricolore</a></i>. The central character, Martine Dhome,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lives with her family at the fictional address of 12, rue de la République. </p><p>Ambrette Town in <a href="/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon_X_and_Y" title="Pokémon X and Y">Pokémon X and Y</a>'s Kalos region is inspired by La Rochelle.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Born_in_La_Rochelle">Born in La Rochelle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Born in La Rochelle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Albeau" title="Antoine Albeau">Antoine Albeau</a>, windsurfer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Maurice_Allotte_de_La_Fu%C3%BFe" title="François-Maurice Allotte de La Fuÿe">François-Maurice Allotte de La Fuÿe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Numismatist" title="Numismatist">numismatist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthieu_Androdias" title="Matthieu Androdias">Matthieu Androdias</a>, world champion rower</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabrielle-Suzanne_Barbot_de_Villeneuve" title="Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve">Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve</a>, author of <a href="/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast" title="Beauty and the Beast">Beauty and the Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Nicolas_Billaud-Varenne" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne">Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne</a>, politician and revolutionary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_Bonpland" title="Aimé Bonpland">Aimé Bonpland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botanist" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanist">botanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau" title="William-Adolphe Bouguereau">William-Adolphe Bouguereau</a>, painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Loup_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean-Loup Chrétien">Jean-Loup Chrétien</a>, astronaut</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Theophilus_Desaguliers" title="John Theophilus Desaguliers">John Theophilus Desaguliers</a>, physicist and mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy-Victor_Duperre" class="mw-redirect" title="Guy-Victor Duperre">Guy-Victor Duperre</a>, admiral</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Duvignaud" title="Jean Duvignaud">Jean Duvignaud</a>, writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Fromentin" title="Eugène Fromentin">Eugène Fromentin</a>, writer and painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Gargot_de_La_Rochette" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Gargot de La Rochette">Nicolas Gargot de La Rochette</a>, governor of <a href="/wiki/Placentia,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador">Placentia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Giraudeau" title="Bernard Giraudeau">Bernard Giraudeau</a>, actor and director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Guiton" title="Jean Guiton">Jean Guiton</a>, mayor during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_La_Rochelle" title="Siege of La Rochelle">siege of La Rochelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9gory_Havret" title="Grégory Havret">Grégory Havret</a>, professional golfer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heugel_(music_publisher)#Founding_years" title="Heugel (music publisher)">Jacques-Léopold Heugel</a>, music publisher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Hurtaud" title="Sébastien Hurtaud">Sébastien Hurtaud</a>, classical cellist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Laroche" title="Guy Laroche">Guy Laroche</a>, fashion designer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_de_Missy" title="Samuel de Missy">Samuel de Missy</a>, abolitionist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabrice_Neaud" title="Fabrice Neaud">Fabrice Neaud</a>, artist and cartoonist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Jean-Baptiste_Nougaret" title="Pierre-Jean-Baptiste Nougaret">Pierre-Jean-Baptiste Nougaret</a> (1742–1823), author and playwright</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Prevost" title="Victor Prevost">Victor Prevost</a>, photographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ramadier" title="Paul Ramadier">Paul Ramadier</a>, politician and member of the <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Antoine_Ferchault_de_R%C3%A9aumur" class="mw-redirect" title="René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur">René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur</a>, scientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Paronnaud" title="Vincent Paronnaud">Winshluss</a>, artist and cartoonist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Raduit_de_Souches" title="Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches">Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches</a>, German Imperial Field Marshal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_Saunier" title="Clément Saunier">Clément Saunier</a>, French classical trumpeter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Truteau" title="Étienne Truteau">Étienne Truteau</a>, ancestor of <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Prime Minister">Canadian Prime Ministers</a> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lived_in_La_Rochelle">Lived in La Rochelle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Lived in La Rochelle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colette_Besson" title="Colette Besson">Colette Besson</a>, sprinter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Henri" title="Victor Henri">Victor Henri</a>, physical chemist and physiologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_de_Montfort" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Louis de Montfort">Saint Louis de Montfort</a>, Roman Catholic priest</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_d%27Orbigny" title="Alcide d'Orbigny">Alcide d'Orbigny</a>, botanist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a>, philosopher and novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon">Georges Simenon</a>, author and novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_Trichet" title="Marie Louise Trichet">Marie Louise Trichet</a>, nurse beatified by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Stade_Rochelais" title="Stade Rochelais">Stade Rochelais</a> are a professional <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> team in the <a href="/wiki/Top_14" title="Top 14">Top 14</a> league. They play their home matches at <a href="/wiki/Stade_Marcel-Deflandre" title="Stade Marcel-Deflandre">Stade Marcel-Deflandre</a>. </p><p>Since 1991 the city has annually hosted the <a href="/wiki/Marathon_de_La_Rochelle" title="Marathon de La Rochelle">Marathon de La Rochelle</a>, the second-most popular marathon of France and an international-level race which featured 10,000 participants in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/ES_La_Rochelle" title="ES La Rochelle">ES La Rochelle</a> is the local <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> club. </p><p>In 2022, <a href="/wiki/Stade_Rochelais_Basket" title="Stade Rochelais Basket">Stade Rochelais Basket</a> promoted to the <a href="/wiki/LNB_Pro_B" title="LNB Pro B">LNB Pro B</a>. The team plays its home games at the Salle Gaston-Neveur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_France" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in France">List of twin towns and sister cities in France</a></div> <p>La Rochelle is <a href="/wiki/Town_twinning" class="mw-redirect" title="Town twinning">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York" title="New Rochelle, New York">New Rochelle</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, United States, since 1910</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre, Israel</a>, since 1972</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a>, Karelia, Russia, since 1973</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a>, Germany, since 1988</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Essaouira" title="Essaouira">Essaouira</a>, Morocco, since 1999</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Figueir%C3%B3" title="Santiago de Figueiró">Santiago de Figueiró</a>, Portugal, since 2003</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/64px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Charente-Maritime_department" title="Communes of the Charente-Maritime department">Communes of the Charente-Maritime department</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">"Répertoire national des élus: les maires"</a> (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+maires&rft.pub=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.date=2022-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popleg2021-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popleg2021_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7725600?geo=COM-17300">"Populations légales 2021"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 28 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+l%C3%A9gales+2021&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2023-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F7725600%3Fgeo%3DCOM-17300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFavreau1986" class="citation journal cs1">Favreau, Robert (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/shmes_1261-9078_1988_act_17_1_1451">"La Rochelle, port français sur l'Atlantique au XIIIe siècle"</a>. <i>Actes des congrès de la Société des historiens médiévistes de l'enseignement supérieur public</i>. <b>17</b> (1): 49–76. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fshmes.1986.1451">10.3406/shmes.1986.1451</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Actes+des+congr%C3%A8s+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+historiens+m%C3%A9di%C3%A9vistes+de+l%27enseignement+sup%C3%A9rieur+public&rft.atitle=La+Rochelle%2C+port+fran%C3%A7ais+sur+l%27Atlantique+au+XIIIe+si%C3%A8cle&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=49-76&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fshmes.1986.1451&rft.aulast=Favreau&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Fshmes_1261-9078_1988_act_17_1_1451&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://actu.fr/nouvelle-aquitaine/la-rochelle_17300/la-rochelle-classee-troisieme-ville-france-plus-agreable-vivre_30873709.html">"La Rochelle classée troisième ville de France la plus agréable à vivre"</a>. <i>actu.fr</i> (in French). 20 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=actu.fr&rft.atitle=La+Rochelle+class%C3%A9e+troisi%C3%A8me+ville+de+France+la+plus+agr%C3%A9able+%C3%A0+vivre&rft.date=2020-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Factu.fr%2Fnouvelle-aquitaine%2Fla-rochelle_17300%2Fla-rochelle-classee-troisieme-ville-france-plus-agreable-vivre_30873709.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFSCTA000030109623">"LOI No. 2015-29 of 16 January 2015 on the delimitation of the regions, regional and departmental elections and amending the electoral calendar"</a> [LOI n° 2015-29 du 16 janvier 2015 relative à la délimitation des régions, aux élections régionales et départementales et modifiant le calendrier électoral (1)]. <i>legifrance.gouv.fr</i>. 18 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legifrance.gouv.fr&rft.atitle=LOI+No.+2015-29+of+16+January+2015+on+the+delimitation+of+the+regions%2C+regional+and+departmental+elections+and+amending+the+electoral+calendar&rft.date=2015-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2Floda%2Fid%2FJORFSCTA000030109623&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Reformation in La Rochelle: tradition and change in early modern Europe</i> by Judith Chandler Pugh Meyer p.19 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O99zLZxyo4wC&pg=PA19">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bradshaw's illustrated travellers' hand book in [afterw.] to France</i> by George Bradshaw <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YGADAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA193">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalcolm_Barber1995" class="citation book cs1">Malcolm Barber (28 September 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uHwUWoRKqSkC&pg=PA26"><i><span></span></i>The new knighthood<i><span></span></i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521558723" title="Special:BookSources/9780521558723"><bdi>9780521558723</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+new+knighthood&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995-09-28&rft.isbn=9780521558723&rft.au=Malcolm+Barber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuHwUWoRKqSkC%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAddison1997" class="citation book cs1">Addison, Charles Greenstreet (15 April 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1BeOrJ0JPooC&pg=PA15"><i>The History of the Knights Templars</i></a>. Adventures Unlimited Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780932813404" title="Special:BookSources/9780932813404"><bdi>9780932813404</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Knights+Templars&rft.pub=Adventures+Unlimited+Press&rft.date=1997-04-15&rft.isbn=9780932813404&rft.aulast=Addison&rft.aufirst=Charles+Greenstreet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1BeOrJ0JPooC%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvelyn_Lord2004" class="citation book cs1">Evelyn Lord (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=obueOSNhbcEC&pg=PA155"><i><span></span></i>The Knights Templar in Britain<i><span></span></i></a>. Pearson Longman. p. 120,155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405801638" title="Special:BookSources/9781405801638"><bdi>9781405801638</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Knights+Templar+in+Britain&rft.pages=120%2C155&rft.pub=Pearson+Longman&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781405801638&rft.au=Evelyn+Lord&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DobueOSNhbcEC%26pg%3DPA155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaren_Rall2003" class="citation book cs1">Karen Rall (May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GpLSrOvPhJUC&pg=PA26"><i><span></span></i>The Templars and the Grail<i><span></span></i></a>. Quest Books. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780835608077" title="Special:BookSources/9780835608077"><bdi>9780835608077</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Templars+and+the+Grail&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Quest+Books&rft.date=2003-05&rft.isbn=9780835608077&rft.au=Karen+Rall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGpLSrOvPhJUC%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTim_Wallace-Murphy2004" class="citation book cs1">Tim Wallace-Murphy (November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xf_uvy6h1OoC&pg=PA17"><i><span></span></i>Templars in America<i><span></span></i></a>. Weiser Books. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781578633173" title="Special:BookSources/9781578633173"><bdi>9781578633173</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Templars+in+America&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Weiser+Books&rft.date=2004-11&rft.isbn=9781578633173&rft.au=Tim+Wallace-Murphy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxf_uvy6h1OoC%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeebøll-Holm201384–89-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeebøll-Holm201384–89_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeebøll-Holm2013">Heebøll-Holm (2013)</a>, pp. 84–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernard_Brodie1973" class="citation book cs1">Bernard Brodie (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mAsrwMrfaoQC&pg=PA64"><i><span></span></i>From crossbow to H-bomb<i><span></span></i></a>. Indiana University Press. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0253201616" title="Special:BookSources/0253201616"><bdi>0253201616</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+crossbow+to+H-bomb&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0253201616&rft.au=Bernard+Brodie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmAsrwMrfaoQC%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrewsQuintero2018" class="citation book cs1">Andrews, Sarah; Quintero, Josephine (15 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RNSwXN3-LZMC&pg=PA25"><i>Canary Islands</i></a>. Lonely Planet. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781741045956" title="Special:BookSources/9781741045956"><bdi>9781741045956</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canary+Islands&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2018-04-15&rft.isbn=9781741045956&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.au=Quintero%2C+Josephine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRNSwXN3-LZMC%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robbins-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robbins_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robbins_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbins1997" class="citation book cs1">Robbins, Kevin C. 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BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004108807" title="Special:BookSources/9004108807"><bdi>9004108807</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=City+on+the+Ocean+Sea%3A+La+Rochelle%2C+1530%E2%80%931650+%3A+Urban+Society%2C+Religion%2C+and+Politics+on+the+French+Atlantic+Frontier&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1997-04-15&rft.isbn=9004108807&rft.aulast=Robbins&rft.aufirst=Kevin+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaFwHB9p0yJoC%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Fortress of the soul: violence, metaphysics, and material life</i> by Neil Kamil p.133 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ekSkZXXjVWUC&pg=RA1-PA133">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEire1989" class="citation book cs1">Eire, Carlos M. 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Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521379847" title="Special:BookSources/9780521379847"><bdi>9780521379847</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+Against+the+Idols%3A+The+Reformation+of+Worship+from+Erasmus+to+Calvin&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1989-01-27&rft.isbn=9780521379847&rft.aulast=Eire&rft.aufirst=Carlos+M.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D95sDFZbl4S4C%26pg%3DPA279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Fortress of the soul: violence, metaphysics, and material life</i> by Neil Kamil p.148 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ekSkZXXjVWUC&pg=RA1-PA148">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Fortress of the soul: violence, metaphysics, and material life</i> by Neil Kamil p.149 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ekSkZXXjVWUC&pg=RA1-PA149">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacKenney,_Richard1989" class="citation book cs1">MacKenney, Richard (1989). <i>The City State, 1500–1700</i>. <a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Books" title="Prometheus Books">Humanities Press International</a>. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+City+State%2C+1500%E2%80%931700&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Humanities+Press+International&rft.date=1989&rft.au=MacKenney%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The rise and fall of Renaissance France, 1483–1610</i> by Robert Jean Knecht p.355 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nuyx5E_wp7QC&pg=PA355">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Counter-Reformation and price revolution, 1559–1610</i> Richard Bruce Wernham p.288 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-48AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA288">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q_Va0lM_EOsC&pg=PA20"><i><span></span></i>Memoirs of Maximilian de Béthune, duke of Sully<i><span></span></i></a>. 1778. p. 20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+Maximilian+de+B%C3%A9thune%2C+duke+of+Sully&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1778&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq_Va0lM_EOsC%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZnE0tjj9MbgC_p.22-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZnE0tjj9MbgC_p.22_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZnE0tjj9MbgC_p.22_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenis_Vaugeois2004" class="citation book cs1">Denis Vaugeois (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZnE0tjj9MbgC&pg=PA22"><i><span></span></i>Champlain<i><span></span></i></a>. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780773528505" title="Special:BookSources/9780773528505"><bdi>9780773528505</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Champlain&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press+-+MQUP&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780773528505&rft.au=Denis+Vaugeois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZnE0tjj9MbgC%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Penny cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge</i> Page 268 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E9sGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA268">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamil2005" class="citation book cs1">Kamil, Neil (5 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ekSkZXXjVWUC&pg=RA1-PA584"><i>Fortress of the Soul: Violence, Metaphysics, and Material Life in the Huguenots' New World, 1517–1751</i></a>. JHU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801873904" title="Special:BookSources/9780801873904"><bdi>9780801873904</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fortress+of+the+Soul%3A+Violence%2C+Metaphysics%2C+and+Material+Life+in+the+Huguenots%27+New+World%2C+1517%E2%80%931751&rft.pub=JHU+Press&rft.date=2005-01-05&rft.isbn=9780801873904&rft.aulast=Kamil&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DekSkZXXjVWUC%26pg%3DRA1-PA584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kurlansky, Mark. <i>Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World</i>. Walker and Co., New York, 1997 pp. 51–52. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8027-1326-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8027-1326-2">0-8027-1326-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Charles II - volume 161: July 1–7, 1666." <i>Calendar of State Papers Domestic: Charles II, 1665-6.</i> Ed. Mary Anne Everett Green. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1864. 485-510. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/domestic/chas2/1665-6/pp485-510">British History Online</a> Retrieved 26 June 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPritchard1976" class="citation journal cs1">Pritchard, James S (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/outre_0300-9513_1976_num_63_231_1919">"The Pattern of French Colonial Shipping to Canada before 1760"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pers%C3%A9e_(web_portal)" title="Persée (web portal)">Persée</a></i>. <b>63</b> (231): 190. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Foutre.1976.1919">10.3406/outre.1976.1919</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pers%C3%A9e&rft.atitle=The+Pattern+of+French+Colonial+Shipping+to+Canada+before+1760&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=231&rft.pages=190&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Foutre.1976.1919&rft.aulast=Pritchard&rft.aufirst=James+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Foutre_0300-9513_1976_num_63_231_1919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_E._Bruseth2005" class="citation book cs1">James E. Bruseth (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pXPbUIeAHSUC&pg=PA20"><i><span></span></i>From a watery grave<i><span></span></i></a>. Texas A&M University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781585444311" title="Special:BookSources/9781585444311"><bdi>9781585444311</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+a+watery+grave&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781585444311&rft.au=James+E.+Bruseth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpXPbUIeAHSUC%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marshall-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2018" class="citation book cs1">Marshall, Bill (15 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fXZaLhmVt2IC&pg=PA60"><i>The French Atlantic: Travels in Culture and History</i></a>. Liverpool University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781846310515" title="Special:BookSources/9781846310515"><bdi>9781846310515</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+French+Atlantic%3A+Travels+in+Culture+and+History&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=2018-04-15&rft.isbn=9781846310515&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfXZaLhmVt2IC%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarber2009" class="citation book cs1">Barber, Edwin Atlee (1 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BtokftBrXG8C&pg=PA23"><i>Tin Enamelled Pottery</i></a>. Read Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781444647938" title="Special:BookSources/9781444647938"><bdi>9781444647938</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tin+Enamelled+Pottery&rft.pub=Read+Books&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.isbn=9781444647938&rft.aulast=Barber&rft.aufirst=Edwin+Atlee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBtokftBrXG8C%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2018" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Gordon (15 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R8BMW6Au7pQC&pg=PA19"><i>The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts: Aalto to Kyoto pottery</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195189483" title="Special:BookSources/9780195189483"><bdi>9780195189483</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Grove+Encyclopedia+of+Decorative+Arts%3A+Aalto+to+Kyoto+pottery&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018-04-15&rft.isbn=9780195189483&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR8BMW6Au7pQC%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Heavily potted plates with crude red and green Chinese figures were made in large numbers " in <i>Collecting European delft and faience</i> Diana Imber, Praeger, 1968, p.60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The industry only really started to flourish in La Rochelle towards the middle of the 18th century (...) new everyday vessels were decorated "au petit feu" with flowers and Chinese figures then in fashion." <i>Cahiers de la céramique du verre et des arts du feu, Issues 41–45</i> Musée national de céramique (France). Société des amis du Musée national de céramique, 1968</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.festival-fictiontv.com/en/about/">"About"</a>. <i>Festival de la Fiction</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Festival+de+la+Fiction&rft.atitle=About&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.festival-fictiontv.com%2Fen%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180121210413/http://www.holidays-iledere.co.uk/ile-de-re-uk/how-reach-us">"How to reach us? | Destination Ile de Ré"</a>. <i>www.holidays-iledere.co.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holidays-iledere.co.uk/ile-de-re-uk/how-reach-us">the original</a> on 21 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.holidays-iledere.co.uk&rft.atitle=How+to+reach+us%3F+%7C+Destination+Ile+de+R%C3%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.holidays-iledere.co.uk%2File-de-re-uk%2Fhow-reach-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wk-transport-logistique.fr/actualites/detail/31840/le-port-de-la-rochelle-lance-ses-trains-avec-ecr.html">"Actualité Transport > Le port de La Rochelle lance ses trains avec ECR"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Actualit%C3%A9+Transport+%3E+Le+port+de+La+Rochelle+lance+ses+trains+avec+ECR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wk-transport-logistique.fr%2Factualites%2Fdetail%2F31840%2Fle-port-de-la-rochelle-lance-ses-trains-avec-ecr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-excelia-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-excelia_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excelia_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.excelia-group.com/about-excelia/group/our-campuses/la-rochelle">"La Rochelle"</a>. <i>excelia-group.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=excelia-group.com&rft.atitle=La+Rochelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.excelia-group.com%2Fabout-excelia%2Fgroup%2Four-campuses%2Fla-rochelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.univ-larochelle.fr/en/university/discover-the-university/history-of-la-rochelle-universite/">"History of La Rochelle University"</a>. <i>universitylarochelle.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=universitylarochelle.fr&rft.atitle=History+of+La+Rochelle+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.univ-larochelle.fr%2Fen%2Funiversity%2Fdiscover-the-university%2Fhistory-of-la-rochelle-universite%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portlarochelle.com/bassins-et-services/port-des-minimes-la-rochelle-3/">"Marina - Port of La Rochelle"</a>. <i>portlarochelle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=portlarochelle&rft.atitle=Marina+-+Port+of+La+Rochelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlarochelle.com%2Fbassins-et-services%2Fport-des-minimes-la-rochelle-3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adele.org/en/residence/346/les-estudines-les-minimes-346/la-rochelle">"Les Estudines Les Minimes"</a>. <i>adele.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=adele.org&rft.atitle=Les+Estudines+Les+Minimes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adele.org%2Fen%2Fresidence%2F346%2Fles-estudines-les-minimes-346%2Fla-rochelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudouest.fr/2018/01/10/portes-ouvertes-chez-amel-pour-recruter-4097597-1485.php">"La Rochelle : le chantier nautique Amel ouvre ses portes et recrute"</a>. <i>sudouest.fr</i>. 10 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sudouest.fr&rft.atitle=La+Rochelle+%3A+le+chantier+nautique+Amel+ouvre+ses+portes+et+recrute&rft.date=2018-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sudouest.fr%2F2018%2F01%2F10%2Fportes-ouvertes-chez-amel-pour-recruter-4097597-1485.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">La Rochelle touristic board at the "Pointe du Chay"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MFclimat1-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MFclimat1_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190112150134/http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/station/17300009/normales">"Données climatiques de la station de La Rochelle"</a> (in French). Meteo France. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/station/17300009/normales">the original</a> on 12 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donn%C3%A9es+climatiques+de+la+station+de+La+Rochelle&rft.pub=Meteo+France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteofrance.com%2Fclimat%2Ffrance%2Fstation%2F17300009%2Fnormales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MFclimat2-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MFclimat2_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181201133550/http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/poitou-charentes/regi54/normales">"Climat Poitou-Charentes"</a> (in French). Meteo France. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/poitou-charentes/regi54/normales">the original</a> on 1 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climat+Poitou-Charentes&rft.pub=Meteo+France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteofrance.com%2Fclimat%2Ffrance%2Fpoitou-charentes%2Fregi54%2Fnormales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180310155558/https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_17300001.pdf">"La Rochelle (17)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1981–2010 et records</i> (in French). Meteo France. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_17300001.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fiche+Climatologique%3A+Statistiques+1981%E2%80%932010+et+records&rft.atitle=La+Rochelle+%2817%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdonneespubliques.meteofrance.fr%2FFichesClim%2FFICHECLIM_17300001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Infoclimat-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Infoclimat_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193353/http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07316-la-rochelle-aerodrome.html">"Normes et records 1961–1990: La Rochelle Aérodrome (17) – altitude 22m"</a> (in French). Infoclimat. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07316-la-rochelle-aerodrome.html">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Normes+et+records+1961%E2%80%931990%3A+La+Rochelle+A%C3%A9rodrome+%2817%29+%E2%80%93+altitude+22m&rft.pub=Infoclimat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoclimat.fr%2Fclimatologie-07316-la-rochelle-aerodrome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.habitants.fr/charente-maritime-17">Le nom des habitants du 17 - Charente-Maritime</a>, habitants.fr</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ehess-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ehess_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ehess_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=29365">Commune data sheet La Rochelle</a>, <a href="/wiki/School_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Social_Sciences" title="School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences">EHESS</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pophist-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pophist_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-17300#ancre-POP_T1">Population en historique depuis 1968</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8095068.stm">"A textbook love affair?"</a>. BBC News Magazine. 16 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+textbook+love+affair%3F&rft.date=2009-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fmagazine%2F8095068.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon_world_in_relation_to_the_real_world#Kalos">"Pokémon world in relation to the real world"</a>. <i>BulbaPedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BulbaPedia&rft.atitle=Pok%C3%A9mon+world+in+relation+to+the+real+world&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbulbapedia.bulbagarden.net%2Fwiki%2FPok%25C3%25A9mon_world_in_relation_to_the_real_world%23Kalos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vazel, Pierre-Jean (28 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaaf.org/LRR11/news/newsid=63030.html">Komen breaks La Rochelle record with 2:07:13</a>. IAAF. Retrieved on 30 November 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larochelle.fr/action-municipale/ville-solidaire/jumelage-et-partenariat">"Jumelage et partenariat"</a>. <i>larochelle.fr</i> (in French). La Rochelle<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=larochelle.fr&rft.atitle=Jumelage+et+partenariat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.larochelle.fr%2Faction-municipale%2Fville-solidaire%2Fjumelage-et-partenariat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_La_Rochelle#Bibliography" title="Timeline of La Rochelle">Bibliography of the history of La Rochelle</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoardman1993" class="citation cs2">Boardman, John (1993), <i>The Diffusion of Classical Art in Antiquity</i>, <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-03680-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-03680-2"><bdi>0-691-03680-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Diffusion+of+Classical+Art+in+Antiquity&rft.place=Princeton&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-691-03680-2&rft.aulast=Boardman&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeebøll-Holm2013" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Heeb%C3%B8ll-Holm" title="Thomas Heebøll-Holm">Heebøll-Holm, Thomas Kristian</a> (2013), "Guerra Maritima", <i>Ports, Piracy, and Maritime War: Piracy in the English Channel and the Atlantic, c. 1280–c. 1330</i>, <i>Medieval Law and Its Practice</i>, Vol. 15, vol. 15, Leiden: Brill, pp. 83–126, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctv4cbhhw.9">10.1163/j.ctv4cbhhw.9</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Guerra+Maritima&rft.btitle=Ports%2C+Piracy%2C+and+Maritime+War%3A+Piracy+in+the+English+Channel+and+the+Atlantic%2C+c.+1280%E2%80%93c.+1330&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=%27%27Medieval+Law+and+Its+Practice%27%27%2C+Vol.+15&rft.pages=83-126&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1163%2Fj.ctv4cbhhw.9%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Heeb%C3%B8ll-Holm&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Kristian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Rochelle&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/La_Rochelle#Q82185" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:La_Rochelle" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-larochelle.fr/">La Rochelle City council website</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/La Rochelle"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/La_Rochelle">"La Rochelle" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 222–223.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+Rochelle&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=222-223&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Rochelle" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_departments_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Template:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Template talk:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures_of_French_departments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectures of French departments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_Prefectures_of_the_departments_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefectures</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departments</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourg-en-Bresse" title="Bourg-en-Bresse">Bourg-en-Bresse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ain" title="Ain">Ain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laon" title="Laon">Laon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aisne" title="Aisne">Aisne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulins,_Allier" title="Moulins, Allier">Moulins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Allier" title="Allier">Allier</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digne-les-Bains" title="Digne-les-Bains">Digne-les-Bains</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpes-de-Haute-Provence" title="Alpes-de-Haute-Provence">Alpes-de-Haute-Provence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gap,_Hautes-Alpes" title="Gap, Hautes-Alpes">Gap</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hautes-Alpes" title="Hautes-Alpes">Hautes-Alpes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privas" title="Privas">Privas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleville-M%C3%A9zi%C3%A8res" title="Charleville-Mézières">Charleville-Mézières</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ardennes_(department)" title="Ardennes (department)">Ardennes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foix" title="Foix">Foix</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(department)" title="Ariège (department)">Ariège</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aube" title="Aube">Aube</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aude" title="Aude">Aude</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodez" title="Rodez">Rodez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aveyron" title="Aveyron">Aveyron</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Calvados_(department)" title="Calvados (department)">Calvados</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurillac" title="Aurillac">Aurillac</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cantal" title="Cantal">Cantal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Angoulême">Angoulême</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charente" title="Charente">Charente</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">La Rochelle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourges" title="Bourges">Bourges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cher_(department)" title="Cher (department)">Cher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulle" title="Tulle">Tulle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze" title="Corrèze">Corrèze</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corse-du-Sud" title="Corse-du-Sud">Corse-du-Sud</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastia" title="Bastia">Bastia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Corse" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Or" title="Côte-d'Or">Côte-d'Or</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Brieuc" title="Saint-Brieuc">Saint-Brieuc</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4tes-d%27Armor" title="Côtes-d'Armor">Côtes-d'Armor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9ret" title="Guéret">Guéret</a> (<a href="/wiki/Creuse" title="Creuse">Creuse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rigueux" title="Périgueux">Périgueux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doubs" title="Doubs">Doubs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valence_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Valence (city)">Valence</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vreux" title="Évreux">Évreux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartres" title="Chartres">Chartres</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eure-et-Loir" title="Eure-et-Loir">Eure-et-Loir</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimper" title="Quimper">Quimper</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auch" title="Auch">Auch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gers" title="Gers">Gers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> (<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauroux" title="Châteauroux">Châteauroux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indre" title="Indre">Indre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indre-et-Loire" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a> (<a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lons-le-Saunier" title="Lons-le-Saunier">Lons-le-Saunier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jura_(department)" title="Jura (department)">Jura</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont-de-Marsan" title="Mont-de-Marsan">Mont-de-Marsan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Landes_(department)" title="Landes (department)">Landes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois">Blois</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loir-et-Cher" title="Loir-et-Cher">Loir-et-Cher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loire_(department)" title="Loire (department)">Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Puy-en-Velay" title="Le Puy-en-Velay">Le Puy-en-Velay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Loire" title="Haute-Loire">Haute-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret">Loiret</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahors" title="Cahors">Cahors</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot_(department)" title="Lot (department)">Lot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agen" title="Agen">Agen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot-et-Garonne" title="Lot-et-Garonne">Lot-et-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende,_Loz%C3%A8re" title="Mende, Lozère">Mende</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maine-et-Loire" title="Maine-et-Loire">Maine-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%B4" title="Saint-Lô">Saint-Lô</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manche" title="Manche">Manche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2lons-en-Champagne" title="Châlons-en-Champagne">Châlons-en-Champagne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marne_(department)" title="Marne (department)">Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaumont,_Haute-Marne" title="Chaumont, Haute-Marne">Chaumont</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Marne" title="Haute-Marne">Haute-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laval,_Mayenne" title="Laval, Mayenne">Laval</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayenne" title="Mayenne">Mayenne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar-le-Duc" title="Bar-le-Duc">Bar-le-Duc</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vannes" title="Vannes">Vannes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Morbihan" title="Morbihan">Morbihan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevers" title="Nevers">Nevers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A8vre" title="Nièvre">Nièvre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauvais" title="Beauvais">Beauvais</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oise" title="Oise">Oise</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on" title="Alençon">Alençon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Orne" title="Orne">Orne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arras" title="Arras">Arras</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puy-de-D%C3%B4me" title="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dôme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbes" title="Tarbes">Tarbes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_(department)" title="Rhône (department)">Rhône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesoul" title="Vesoul">Vesoul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Haute-Saône">Haute-Saône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2con" title="Mâcon">Mâcon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire" title="Saône-et-Loire">Saône-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melun" title="Melun">Melun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-et-Marne" title="Seine-et-Marne">Seine-et-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles,_Yvelines" title="Versailles, Yvelines">Versailles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niort" title="Niort">Niort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deux-S%C3%A8vres" title="Deux-Sèvres">Deux-Sèvres</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Somme_(department)" title="Somme (department)">Somme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albi" title="Albi">Albi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarn_(department)" title="Tarn (department)">Tarn</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montauban" title="Montauban">Montauban</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Var_(department)" title="Var (department)">Var</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vaucluse" title="Vaucluse">Vaucluse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roche-sur-Yon" title="La Roche-sur-Yon">La Roche-sur-Yon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poitiers" title="Poitiers">Poitiers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vienne_(department)" title="Vienne (department)">Vienne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Vienne" title="Haute-Vienne">Haute-Vienne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinal" title="Épinal">Épinal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vosges_(department)" title="Vosges (department)">Vosges</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxerre" title="Auxerre">Auxerre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yonne" title="Yonne">Yonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfort" title="Belfort">Belfort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Territoire_de_Belfort" title="Territoire de Belfort">Territoire de Belfort</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vry-Courcouronnes" title="Évry-Courcouronnes">Évry-Courcouronnes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanterre" title="Nanterre">Nanterre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobigny" title="Bobigny">Bobigny</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Seine-Saint-Denis">Seine-Saint-Denis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9teil" title="Créteil">Créteil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Val-de-Marne" title="Val-de-Marne">Val-de-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cergy" title="Cergy">Cergy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontoise" title="Pontoise">Pontoise</a> (<a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Oise" title="Val-d'Oise">Val-d'Oise</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Overseas_departments"><b><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas departments</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort-de-France" title="Fort-de-France">Fort-de-France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamoudzou" title="Mamoudzou">Mamoudzou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Charente-Maritime&#124;link=Charente-Maritime_Communes_of_the_Charente-Maritime_department" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Charente-Maritime_communes" title="Template:Charente-Maritime communes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Charente-Maritime_communes" title="Template talk:Charente-Maritime communes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Charente-Maritime_communes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Charente-Maritime communes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Charente-Maritime&#124;link=Charente-Maritime_Communes_of_the_Charente-Maritime_department" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime"><img alt="Charente-Maritime" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/CharenteMaritimeFlag.svg/23px-CharenteMaritimeFlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/CharenteMaritimeFlag.svg/35px-CharenteMaritimeFlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/CharenteMaritimeFlag.svg/45px-CharenteMaritimeFlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Charente-Maritime_department" title="Communes of the Charente-Maritime department">Communes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a> department</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agudelle" title="Agudelle">Agudelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aigrefeuille-d%27Aunis" title="Aigrefeuille-d'Aunis">Aigrefeuille-d'Aunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allas-Bocage" title="Allas-Bocage">Allas-Bocage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allas-Champagne" title="Allas-Champagne">Allas-Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anais,_Charente-Maritime" title="Anais, Charente-Maritime">Anais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andilly,_Charente-Maritime" title="Andilly, Charente-Maritime">Andilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angliers,_Charente-Maritime" title="Angliers, Charente-Maritime">Angliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angoulins" title="Angoulins">Angoulins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annepont" title="Annepont">Annepont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annezay" title="Annezay">Annezay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antezant-la-Chapelle" title="Antezant-la-Chapelle">Antezant-la-Chapelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arces" title="Arces">Arces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archiac" title="Archiac">Archiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archingeay" title="Archingeay">Archingeay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardilli%C3%A8res" title="Ardillières">Ardillières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars-en-R%C3%A9" title="Ars-en-Ré">Ars-en-Ré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthenac" title="Arthenac">Arthenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvert" title="Arvert">Arvert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asni%C3%A8res-la-Giraud" title="Asnières-la-Giraud">Asnières-la-Giraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aujac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Aujac, Charente-Maritime">Aujac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulnay,_Charente-Maritime" title="Aulnay, Charente-Maritime">Aulnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aumagne" title="Aumagne">Aumagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authon-%C3%89b%C3%A9on" title="Authon-Ébéon">Authon-Ébéon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avy,_Charente-Maritime" title="Avy, Charente-Maritime">Avy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aytr%C3%A9" title="Aytré">Aytré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagnizeau" title="Bagnizeau">Bagnizeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanzac" title="Balanzac">Balanzac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballans" title="Ballans">Ballans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballon,_Charente-Maritime" title="Ballon, Charente-Maritime">Ballon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Barde" title="La Barde">La Barde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barzan,_Charente-Maritime" title="Barzan, Charente-Maritime">Barzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazauges" title="Bazauges">Bazauges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaugeay" title="Beaugeay">Beaugeay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauvais-sur-Matha" title="Beauvais-sur-Matha">Beauvais-sur-Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedenac" title="Bedenac">Bedenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belluire" title="Belluire">Belluire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benon" title="Benon">Benon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bercloux" title="Bercloux">Bercloux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernay-Saint-Martin" title="Bernay-Saint-Martin">Bernay-Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berneuil,_Charente-Maritime" title="Berneuil, Charente-Maritime">Berneuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beurlay" title="Beurlay">Beurlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bignay,_Charente-Maritime" title="Bignay, Charente-Maritime">Bignay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biron,_Charente-Maritime" title="Biron, Charente-Maritime">Biron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanzac-l%C3%A8s-Matha" title="Blanzac-lès-Matha">Blanzac-lès-Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanzay-sur-Boutonne" title="Blanzay-sur-Boutonne">Blanzay-sur-Boutonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois,_Charente-Maritime" title="Bois, Charente-Maritime">Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Bois-Plage-en-R%C3%A9" title="Le Bois-Plage-en-Ré">Le Bois-Plage-en-Ré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boisredon" title="Boisredon">Boisredon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bords" title="Bords">Bords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boresse-et-Martron" title="Boresse-et-Martron">Boresse-et-Martron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boscamnant" title="Boscamnant">Boscamnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougneau" title="Bougneau">Bougneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouhet" title="Bouhet">Bouhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourcefranc-le-Chapus" title="Bourcefranc-le-Chapus">Bourcefranc-le-Chapus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgneuf,_Charente-Maritime" title="Bourgneuf, Charente-Maritime">Bourgneuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boutenac-Touvent" title="Boutenac-Touvent">Boutenac-Touvent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bran,_Charente-Maritime" title="Bran, Charente-Maritime">Bran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Br%C3%A9e-les-Bains" title="La Brée-les-Bains">La Brée-les-Bains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bresdon" title="Bresdon">Bresdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breuil-la-R%C3%A9orte" title="Breuil-la-Réorte">Breuil-la-Réorte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breuillet,_Charente-Maritime" title="Breuillet, Charente-Maritime">Breuillet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breuil-Magn%C3%A9" title="Breuil-Magné">Breuil-Magné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brie-sous-Archiac" title="Brie-sous-Archiac">Brie-sous-Archiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brie-sous-Matha" title="Brie-sous-Matha">Brie-sous-Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brie-sous-Mortagne" title="Brie-sous-Mortagne">Brie-sous-Mortagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brives-sur-Charente" title="Brives-sur-Charente">Brives-sur-Charente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brizambourg" title="Brizambourg">Brizambourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Brousse" title="La Brousse">La Brousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burie" title="Burie">Burie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bussac-For%C3%AAt" title="Bussac-Forêt">Bussac-Forêt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bussac-sur-Charente" title="Bussac-sur-Charente">Bussac-sur-Charente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabariot" title="Cabariot">Cabariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celles,_Charente-Maritime" title="Celles, Charente-Maritime">Celles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercoux" title="Cercoux">Cercoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadenac" title="Chadenac">Chadenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaillevette" title="Chaillevette">Chaillevette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambon,_Charente-Maritime" title="Chambon, Charente-Maritime">Chambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamouillac" title="Chamouillac">Chamouillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagnac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Champagnac, Charente-Maritime">Champagnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagne,_Charente-Maritime" title="Champagne, Charente-Maritime">Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagnolles" title="Champagnolles">Champagnolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champdolent" title="Champdolent">Champdolent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaniers" title="Chaniers">Chaniers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantemerle-sur-la-Soie" title="Chantemerle-sur-la-Soie">Chantemerle-sur-la-Soie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-des-Pots" title="La Chapelle-des-Pots">La Chapelle-des-Pots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charron,_Charente-Maritime" title="Charron, Charente-Maritime">Charron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartuzac" title="Chartuzac">Chartuzac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Ch%C3%A2teau-d%27Ol%C3%A9ron" title="Le Château-d'Oléron">Le Château-d'Oléron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2telaillon-Plage" title="Châtelaillon-Plage">Châtelaillon-Plage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatenet" title="Chatenet">Chatenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaunac" title="Chaunac">Chaunac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Chay" title="Le Chay">Le Chay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenac-Saint-Seurin-d%27Uzet" title="Chenac-Saint-Seurin-d'Uzet">Chenac-Saint-Seurin-d'Uzet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chepniers" title="Chepniers">Chepniers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9rac" title="Chérac">Chérac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherbonni%C3%A8res" title="Cherbonnières">Cherbonnières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chermignac" title="Chermignac">Chermignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevanceaux" title="Chevanceaux">Chevanceaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chives,_Charente-Maritime" title="Chives, Charente-Maritime">Chives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cierzac" title="Cierzac">Cierzac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cir%C3%A9-d%27Aunis" title="Ciré-d'Aunis">Ciré-d'Aunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clam,_Charente-Maritime" title="Clam, Charente-Maritime">Clam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clavette" title="Clavette">Clavette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9rac" title="Clérac">Clérac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clion,_Charente-Maritime" title="Clion, Charente-Maritime">Clion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Clisse" title="La Clisse">La Clisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Clotte" title="La Clotte">La Clotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coivert" title="Coivert">Coivert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombiers,_Charente-Maritime" title="Colombiers, Charente-Maritime">Colombiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consac" title="Consac">Consac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contr%C3%A9" title="Contré">Contré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corignac" title="Corignac">Corignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corme-%C3%89cluse" title="Corme-Écluse">Corme-Écluse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corme-Royal" title="Corme-Royal">Corme-Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Couarde-sur-Mer" title="La Couarde-sur-Mer">La Couarde-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coulonges,_Charente-Maritime" title="Coulonges, Charente-Maritime">Coulonges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courant,_Charente-Maritime" title="Courant, Charente-Maritime">Courant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courcelles,_Charente-Maritime" title="Courcelles, Charente-Maritime">Courcelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courcerac" title="Courcerac">Courcerac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cour%C3%A7on" title="Courçon">Courçon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courcoury" title="Courcoury">Courcoury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courpignac" title="Courpignac">Courpignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coux,_Charente-Maritime" title="Coux, Charente-Maritime">Coux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozes" title="Cozes">Cozes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cram-Chaban" title="Cram-Chaban">Cram-Chaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cravans" title="Cravans">Cravans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crazannes" title="Crazannes">Crazannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cress%C3%A9" title="Cressé">Cressé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croix-Chapeau" title="Croix-Chapeau">Croix-Chapeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Croix-Comtesse" title="La Croix-Comtesse">La Croix-Comtesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampierre-sur-Boutonne" title="Dampierre-sur-Boutonne">Dampierre-sur-Boutonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Devise" title="La Devise">La Devise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%93uil-sur-le-Mignon" title="Dœuil-sur-le-Mignon">Dœuil-sur-le-Mignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolus-d%27Ol%C3%A9ron" title="Dolus-d'Oléron">Dolus-d'Oléron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dompierre-sur-Charente" title="Dompierre-sur-Charente">Dompierre-sur-Charente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dompierre-sur-Mer" title="Dompierre-sur-Mer">Dompierre-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Douhet" title="Le Douhet">Le Douhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89chebrune" title="Échebrune">Échebrune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89chillais" title="Échillais">Échillais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89coyeux" title="Écoyeux">Écoyeux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89curat" title="Écurat">Écurat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_%C3%89duts" title="Les Éduts">Les Éduts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_%C3%89glises-d%27Argenteuil" title="Les Églises-d'Argenteuil">Les Églises-d'Argenteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%89guille" title="L'Éguille">L'Éguille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pargnes" title="Épargnes">Épargnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esnandes" title="Esnandes">Esnandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Essards,_Charente-Maritime" title="Les Essards, Charente-Maritime">Les Essards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essouvert" title="Essouvert">Essouvert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89taules,_Charente-Maritime" title="Étaules, Charente-Maritime">Étaules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expiremont" title="Expiremont">Expiremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenioux,_Charente-Maritime" title="Fenioux, Charente-Maritime">Fenioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferri%C3%A8res,_Charente-Maritime" title="Ferrières, Charente-Maritime">Ferrières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A9ac-sur-Seugne" title="Fléac-sur-Seugne">Fléac-sur-Seugne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floirac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Floirac, Charente-Maritime">Floirac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Flotte" title="La Flotte">La Flotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaine-Chalendray" title="Fontaine-Chalendray">Fontaine-Chalendray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaines-d%27Ozillac" title="Fontaines-d'Ozillac">Fontaines-d'Ozillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontcouverte,_Charente-Maritime" title="Fontcouverte, Charente-Maritime">Fontcouverte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontenet" title="Fontenet">Fontenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forges,_Charente-Maritime" title="Forges, Charente-Maritime">Forges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Fouilloux" title="Le Fouilloux">Le Fouilloux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouras" title="Fouras">Fouras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geay,_Charente-Maritime" title="Geay, Charente-Maritime">Geay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9mozac" title="Gémozac">Gémozac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Gen%C3%A9touze,_Charente-Maritime" title="La Genétouze, Charente-Maritime">La Genétouze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genouill%C3%A9,_Charente-Maritime" title="Genouillé, Charente-Maritime">Genouillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germignac" title="Germignac">Germignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibourne" title="Gibourne">Gibourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Gicq" title="Le Gicq">Le Gicq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givrezac" title="Givrezac">Givrezac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Gonds" title="Les Gonds">Les Gonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gourvillette" title="Gourvillette">Gourvillette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandjean,_Charente-Maritime" title="Grandjean, Charente-Maritime">Grandjean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Grand-Village-Plage" title="Le Grand-Village-Plage">Le Grand-Village-Plage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Gr%C3%A8ve-sur-Mignon" title="La Grève-sur-Mignon">La Grève-sur-Mignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9zac" title="Grézac">Grézac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Gripperie-Saint-Symphorien" title="La Gripperie-Saint-Symphorien">La Gripperie-Saint-Symphorien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Gua,_Charente-Maritime" title="Le Gua, Charente-Maritime">Le Gua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Gu%C3%A9-d%27Aller%C3%A9" title="Le Gué-d'Alleré">Le Gué-d'Alleré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitini%C3%A8res" title="Guitinières">Guitinières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haimps" title="Haimps">Haimps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Houmeau" title="L'Houmeau">L'Houmeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-d%27Aix" title="Île-d'Aix">Île-d'Aix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jard" title="La Jard">La Jard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarnac-Champagne" title="Jarnac-Champagne">Jarnac-Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jarne" title="La Jarne">La Jarne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jarrie" title="La Jarrie">La Jarrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jarrie-Audouin" title="La Jarrie-Audouin">La Jarrie-Audouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazennes" title="Jazennes">Jazennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonzac" title="Jonzac">Jonzac</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juicq" title="Juicq">Juicq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jussas" title="Jussas">Jussas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagord" title="Lagord">Lagord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Laigne" title="La Laigne">La Laigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landes,_Charente-Maritime" title="Landes, Charente-Maritime">Landes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landrais" title="Landrais">Landrais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9oville" title="Léoville">Léoville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loire-les-Marais" title="Loire-les-Marais">Loire-les-Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loir%C3%A9-sur-Nie" title="Loiré-sur-Nie">Loiré-sur-Nie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loix" title="Loix">Loix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long%C3%A8ves,_Charente-Maritime" title="Longèves, Charente-Maritime">Longèves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonzac" title="Lonzac">Lonzac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorignac" title="Lorignac">Lorignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loulay" title="Loulay">Loulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louzignac" title="Louzignac">Louzignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozay" title="Lozay">Lozay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchat" title="Luchat">Luchat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lussac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Lussac, Charente-Maritime">Lussac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lussant" title="Lussant">Lussant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macqueville" title="Macqueville">Macqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marans,_Charente-Maritime" title="Marans, Charente-Maritime">Marans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marennes-Hiers-Brouage" title="Marennes-Hiers-Brouage">Marennes-Hiers-Brouage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marignac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Marignac, Charente-Maritime">Marignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsais" title="Marsais">Marsais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsilly,_Charente-Maritime" title="Marsilly, Charente-Maritime">Marsilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Massac, Charente-Maritime">Massac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matha,_Charente-Maritime" title="Matha, Charente-Maritime">Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Mathes" title="Les Mathes">Les Mathes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazeray" title="Mazeray">Mazeray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazerolles,_Charente-Maritime" title="Mazerolles, Charente-Maritime">Mazerolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9dis" title="Médis">Médis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rignac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Mérignac, Charente-Maritime">Mérignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meschers-sur-Gironde" title="Meschers-sur-Gironde">Meschers-sur-Gironde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Messac, Charente-Maritime">Messac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meursac" title="Meursac">Meursac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meux,_Charente-Maritime" title="Meux, Charente-Maritime">Meux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migr%C3%A9" title="Migré">Migré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migron,_Charente-Maritime" title="Migron, Charente-Maritime">Migron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirambeau,_Charente-Maritime" title="Mirambeau, Charente-Maritime">Mirambeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%ABze" title="Moëze">Moëze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mons,_Charente-Maritime" title="Mons, Charente-Maritime">Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montendre" title="Montendre">Montendre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montguyon" title="Montguyon">Montguyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montils" title="Montils">Montils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montlieu-la-Garde" title="Montlieu-la-Garde">Montlieu-la-Garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier-de-M%C3%A9dillan" title="Montpellier-de-Médillan">Montpellier-de-Médillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montroy,_Charente-Maritime" title="Montroy, Charente-Maritime">Montroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moragne" title="Moragne">Moragne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mornac-sur-Seudre" title="Mornac-sur-Seudre">Mornac-sur-Seudre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortagne-sur-Gironde" title="Mortagne-sur-Gironde">Mortagne-sur-Gironde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortiers,_Charente-Maritime" title="Mortiers, Charente-Maritime">Mortiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosnac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Mosnac, Charente-Maritime">Mosnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mung" title="Le Mung">Le Mung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muron" title="Muron">Muron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachamps" title="Nachamps">Nachamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancras" title="Nancras">Nancras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantill%C3%A9" title="Nantillé">Nantillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Néré">Néré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuillac" title="Neuillac">Neuillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neulles" title="Neulles">Neulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuvicq" title="Neuvicq">Neuvicq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuvicq-le-Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Neuvicq-le-Château">Neuvicq-le-Château</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieul-l%C3%A8s-Saintes" title="Nieul-lès-Saintes">Nieul-lès-Saintes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieulle-sur-Seudre" title="Nieulle-sur-Seudre">Nieulle-sur-Seudre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieul-le-Virouil" title="Nieul-le-Virouil">Nieul-le-Virouil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieul-sur-Mer" title="Nieul-sur-Mer">Nieul-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Nouillers" title="Les Nouillers">Les Nouillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuaill%C3%A9-d%27Aunis" title="Nuaillé-d'Aunis">Nuaillé-d'Aunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuaill%C3%A9-sur-Boutonne" title="Nuaillé-sur-Boutonne">Nuaillé-sur-Boutonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orignolles" title="Orignolles">Orignolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozillac" title="Ozillac">Ozillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paill%C3%A9" title="Paillé">Paillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rignac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Pérignac, Charente-Maritime">Pérignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rigny,_Charente-Maritime" title="Périgny, Charente-Maritime">Périgny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pessines" title="Pessines">Pessines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Pin,_Charente-Maritime" title="Le Pin, Charente-Maritime">Le Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisany" title="Pisany">Pisany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plassac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Plassac, Charente-Maritime">Plassac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plassay" title="Plassay">Plassay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polignac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Polignac, Charente-Maritime">Polignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pommiers-Moulons" title="Pommiers-Moulons">Pommiers-Moulons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pons,_Charente-Maritime" title="Pons, Charente-Maritime">Pons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-l%27Abb%C3%A9-d%27Arnoult" title="Pont-l'Abbé-d'Arnoult">Pont-l'Abbé-d'Arnoult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port-d%27Envaux" title="Port-d'Envaux">Port-d'Envaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port-des-Barques" title="Port-des-Barques">Port-des-Barques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Portes-en-R%C3%A9" title="Les Portes-en-Ré">Les Portes-en-Ré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pouillac" title="Pouillac">Pouillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poursay-Garnaud" title="Poursay-Garnaud">Poursay-Garnaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9guillac" title="Préguillac">Préguillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prignac" title="Prignac">Prignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puilboreau" title="Puilboreau">Puilboreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puy-du-Lac" title="Puy-du-Lac">Puy-du-Lac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyravault,_Charente-Maritime" title="Puyravault, Charente-Maritime">Puyravault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyrolland" title="Puyrolland">Puyrolland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9aux-sur-Tr%C3%A8fle" title="Réaux-sur-Trèfle">Réaux-sur-Trèfle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9taud" title="Rétaud">Rétaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rioux" title="Rioux">Rioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivedoux-Plage" title="Rivedoux-Plage">Rivedoux-Plage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochefort,_Charente-Maritime" title="Rochefort, Charente-Maritime">Rochefort</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">La Rochelle</a><sup>pref</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romazi%C3%A8res" title="Romazières">Romazières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romegoux" title="Romegoux">Romegoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ronde,_Charente-Maritime" title="La Ronde, Charente-Maritime">La Ronde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouffiac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Rouffiac, Charente-Maritime">Rouffiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouffignac" title="Rouffignac">Rouffignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royan" title="Royan">Royan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sablonceaux" title="Sablonceaux">Sablonceaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Agnant,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Agnant, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Agnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aigulin" title="Saint-Aigulin">Saint-Aigulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9-de-Lidon" title="Saint-André-de-Lidon">Saint-André-de-Lidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Augustin,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Augustin, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Augustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Bonnet-sur-Gironde" title="Saint-Bonnet-sur-Gironde">Saint-Bonnet-sur-Gironde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Bris-des-Bois" title="Saint-Bris-des-Bois">Saint-Bris-des-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-C%C3%A9saire" title="Saint-Césaire">Saint-Césaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Christophe,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Christophe, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Christophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ciers-Champagne" title="Saint-Ciers-Champagne">Saint-Ciers-Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ciers-du-Taillon" title="Saint-Ciers-du-Taillon">Saint-Ciers-du-Taillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Cl%C3%A9ment-des-Baleines" title="Saint-Clément-des-Baleines">Saint-Clément-des-Baleines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Coutant-le-Grand" title="Saint-Coutant-le-Grand">Saint-Coutant-le-Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Cr%C3%A9pin,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Crépin, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Crépin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Cyr-du-Doret" title="Saint-Cyr-du-Doret">Saint-Cyr-du-Doret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis-d%27Ol%C3%A9ron" title="Saint-Denis-d'Oléron">Saint-Denis-d'Oléron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Dizant-du-Bois" title="Saint-Dizant-du-Bois">Saint-Dizant-du-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Dizant-du-Gua" title="Saint-Dizant-du-Gua">Saint-Dizant-du-Gua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Colombe,_Charente-Maritime" title="Sainte-Colombe, Charente-Maritime">Sainte-Colombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Gemme,_Charente-Maritime" title="Sainte-Gemme, Charente-Maritime">Sainte-Gemme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Lheurine" title="Sainte-Lheurine">Sainte-Lheurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marie-de-R%C3%A9" title="Sainte-Marie-de-Ré">Sainte-Marie-de-Ré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-M%C3%AAme" title="Sainte-Même">Sainte-Même</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Radegonde,_Charente-Maritime" title="Sainte-Radegonde, Charente-Maritime">Sainte-Radegonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Ram%C3%A9e" title="Sainte-Ramée">Sainte-Ramée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saintes,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saintes, Charente-Maritime">Saintes</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Soulle" title="Sainte-Soulle">Sainte-Soulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Eug%C3%A8ne,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Eugène, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Eugène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-F%C3%A9lix,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Félix, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Félix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Fort-sur-Gironde" title="Saint-Fort-sur-Gironde">Saint-Fort-sur-Gironde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Froult" title="Saint-Froult">Saint-Froult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Genis-de-Saintonge" title="Saint-Genis-de-Saintonge">Saint-Genis-de-Saintonge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges-Antignac" title="Saint-Georges-Antignac">Saint-Georges-Antignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges-de-Didonne" title="Saint-Georges-de-Didonne">Saint-Georges-de-Didonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges-de-Longuepierre" title="Saint-Georges-de-Longuepierre">Saint-Georges-de-Longuepierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges-des-Ago%C3%BBts" title="Saint-Georges-des-Agoûts">Saint-Georges-des-Agoûts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges-des-Coteaux" title="Saint-Georges-des-Coteaux">Saint-Georges-des-Coteaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges-d%27Ol%C3%A9ron" title="Saint-Georges-d'Oléron">Saint-Georges-d'Oléron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges-du-Bois,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Georges-du-Bois, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Georges-du-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-de-Lusignan" title="Saint-Germain-de-Lusignan">Saint-Germain-de-Lusignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-de-Vibrac" title="Saint-Germain-de-Vibrac">Saint-Germain-de-Vibrac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-du-Seudre" title="Saint-Germain-du-Seudre">Saint-Germain-du-Seudre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gr%C3%A9goire-d%27Ardennes" title="Saint-Grégoire-d'Ardennes">Saint-Grégoire-d'Ardennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-de-Villefranche" title="Saint-Hilaire-de-Villefranche">Saint-Hilaire-de-Villefranche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-du-Bois,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Hilaire-du-Bois, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Hilaire-du-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hippolyte,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Hippolyte, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Hippolyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-d%27Ang%C3%A9ly" title="Saint-Jean-d'Angély">Saint-Jean-d'Angély</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-d%27Angle" title="Saint-Jean-d'Angle">Saint-Jean-d'Angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Liversay" title="Saint-Jean-de-Liversay">Saint-Jean-de-Liversay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Julien-de-l%27Escap" title="Saint-Julien-de-l'Escap">Saint-Julien-de-l'Escap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Just-Luzac" title="Saint-Just-Luzac">Saint-Just-Luzac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-de-la-Pr%C3%A9e" title="Saint-Laurent-de-la-Prée">Saint-Laurent-de-la-Prée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%A9ger,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Léger, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Léger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Loup,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Loup, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Loup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Maigrin" title="Saint-Maigrin">Saint-Maigrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Mand%C3%A9-sur-Br%C3%A9doire" title="Saint-Mandé-sur-Brédoire">Saint-Mandé-sur-Brédoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Mard,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Mard, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Mard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martial,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Martial, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Martial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martial-de-Mirambeau" title="Saint-Martial-de-Mirambeau">Saint-Martial-de-Mirambeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martial-de-Vitaterne" title="Saint-Martial-de-Vitaterne">Saint-Martial-de-Vitaterne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martial-sur-N%C3%A9" title="Saint-Martial-sur-Né">Saint-Martial-sur-Né</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-d%27Ary" title="Saint-Martin-d'Ary">Saint-Martin-d'Ary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Coux" title="Saint-Martin-de-Coux">Saint-Martin-de-Coux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Juillers" title="Saint-Martin-de-Juillers">Saint-Martin-de-Juillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-R%C3%A9" title="Saint-Martin-de-Ré">Saint-Martin-de-Ré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-M%C3%A9dard,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Médard, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Médard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-M%C3%A9dard-d%27Aunis" title="Saint-Médard-d'Aunis">Saint-Médard-d'Aunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Nazaire-sur-Charente" title="Saint-Nazaire-sur-Charente">Saint-Nazaire-sur-Charente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ouen-d%27Aunis" title="Saint-Ouen-d'Aunis">Saint-Ouen-d'Aunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ouen-la-Th%C3%A8ne" title="Saint-Ouen-la-Thène">Saint-Ouen-la-Thène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Palais-de-N%C3%A9grignac" title="Saint-Palais-de-Négrignac">Saint-Palais-de-Négrignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Palais-de-Phiolin" title="Saint-Palais-de-Phiolin">Saint-Palais-de-Phiolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Palais-sur-Mer" title="Saint-Palais-sur-Mer">Saint-Palais-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pardoult" title="Saint-Pardoult">Saint-Pardoult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-d%27Amilly" title="Saint-Pierre-d'Amilly">Saint-Pierre-d'Amilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-de-Juillers" title="Saint-Pierre-de-Juillers">Saint-Pierre-de-Juillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-de-l%27Isle" title="Saint-Pierre-de-l'Isle">Saint-Pierre-de-l'Isle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-d%27Ol%C3%A9ron" title="Saint-Pierre-d'Oléron">Saint-Pierre-d'Oléron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-du-Palais" title="Saint-Pierre-du-Palais">Saint-Pierre-du-Palais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-la-Noue" title="Saint-Pierre-la-Noue">Saint-Pierre-la-Noue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Porchaire" title="Saint-Porchaire">Saint-Porchaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Quantin-de-Ran%C3%A7anne" title="Saint-Quantin-de-Rançanne">Saint-Quantin-de-Rançanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Rogatien" title="Saint-Rogatien">Saint-Rogatien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Romain-de-Benet" title="Saint-Romain-de-Benet">Saint-Romain-de-Benet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Saturnin-du-Bois" title="Saint-Saturnin-du-Bois">Saint-Saturnin-du-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sauvant,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Sauvant, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Sauvant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sauveur-d%27Aunis" title="Saint-Sauveur-d'Aunis">Saint-Sauveur-d'Aunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Savinien" title="Saint-Savinien">Saint-Savinien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Seurin-de-Palenne" title="Saint-Seurin-de-Palenne">Saint-Seurin-de-Palenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sever-de-Saintonge" title="Saint-Sever-de-Saintonge">Saint-Sever-de-Saintonge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-S%C3%A9verin-sur-Boutonne" title="Saint-Séverin-sur-Boutonne">Saint-Séverin-sur-Boutonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sigismond-de-Clermont" title="Saint-Sigismond-de-Clermont">Saint-Sigismond-de-Clermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Simon-de-Bordes" title="Saint-Simon-de-Bordes">Saint-Simon-de-Bordes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Simon-de-Pellouaille" title="Saint-Simon-de-Pellouaille">Saint-Simon-de-Pellouaille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sorlin-de-Conac" title="Saint-Sorlin-de-Conac">Saint-Sorlin-de-Conac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sornin,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Sornin, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Sornin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sulpice-d%27Arnoult" title="Saint-Sulpice-d'Arnoult">Saint-Sulpice-d'Arnoult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sulpice-de-Royan" title="Saint-Sulpice-de-Royan">Saint-Sulpice-de-Royan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Thomas-de-Conac" title="Saint-Thomas-de-Conac">Saint-Thomas-de-Conac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Trojan-les-Bains" title="Saint-Trojan-les-Bains">Saint-Trojan-les-Bains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vaize" title="Saint-Vaize">Saint-Vaize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vivien,_Charente-Maritime" title="Saint-Vivien, Charente-Maritime">Saint-Vivien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Xandre" title="Saint-Xandre">Saint-Xandre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleignes" title="Saleignes">Saleignes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salignac-de-Mirambeau" title="Salignac-de-Mirambeau">Salignac-de-Mirambeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salignac-sur-Charente" title="Salignac-sur-Charente">Salignac-sur-Charente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salles-sur-Mer" title="Salles-sur-Mer">Salles-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saujon" title="Saujon">Saujon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seign%C3%A9" title="Seigné">Seigné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semillac" title="Semillac">Semillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semoussac" title="Semoussac">Semoussac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semussac" title="Semussac">Semussac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Seure" title="Le Seure">Le Seure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siecq" title="Siecq">Siecq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonnac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Sonnac, Charente-Maritime">Sonnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soubise,_Charente-Maritime" title="Soubise, Charente-Maritime">Soubise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soubran" title="Soubran">Soubran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soulignonne" title="Soulignonne">Soulignonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soum%C3%A9ras" title="Souméras">Souméras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sousmoulins" title="Sousmoulins">Sousmoulins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surg%C3%A8res" title="Surgères">Surgères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taillant" title="Taillant">Taillant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taillebourg,_Charente-Maritime" title="Taillebourg, Charente-Maritime">Taillebourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talmont-sur-Gironde" title="Talmont-sur-Gironde">Talmont-sur-Gironde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzac" title="Tanzac">Tanzac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taugon" title="Taugon">Taugon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ternant,_Charente-Maritime" title="Ternant, Charente-Maritime">Ternant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesson" title="Tesson">Tesson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaims" title="Thaims">Thaims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thair%C3%A9" title="Thairé">Thairé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9nac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Thénac, Charente-Maritime">Thénac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9zac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Thézac, Charente-Maritime">Thézac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thors,_Charente-Maritime" title="Thors, Charente-Maritime">Thors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Thou" title="Le Thou">Le Thou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonnay-Boutonne" title="Tonnay-Boutonne">Tonnay-Boutonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonnay-Charente" title="Tonnay-Charente">Tonnay-Charente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torx%C3%A9" title="Torxé">Torxé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Touches-de-P%C3%A9rigny" title="Les Touches-de-Périgny">Les Touches-de-Périgny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Tremblade" title="La Tremblade">La Tremblade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trizay" title="Trizay">Trizay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug%C3%A9ras-Saint-Maurice" title="Tugéras-Saint-Maurice">Tugéras-Saint-Maurice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Vall%C3%A9e,_Charente-Maritime" title="La Vallée, Charente-Maritime">La Vallée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanzac" title="Vanzac">Vanzac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaize" title="Varaize">Varaize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varzay" title="Varzay">Varzay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaux-sur-Mer" title="Vaux-sur-Mer">Vaux-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9n%C3%A9rand" title="Vénérand">Vénérand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vergeroux" title="Vergeroux">Vergeroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Vergne,_Charente-Maritime" title="La Vergne, Charente-Maritime">La Vergne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vergn%C3%A9" title="Vergné">Vergné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9rines" title="Vérines">Vérines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vervant,_Charente-Maritime" title="Vervant, Charente-Maritime">Vervant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibrac,_Charente-Maritime" title="Vibrac, Charente-Maritime">Vibrac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villars-en-Pons" title="Villars-en-Pons">Villars-en-Pons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villars-les-Bois" title="Villars-les-Bois">Villars-les-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Villedieu,_Charente-Maritime" title="La Villedieu, Charente-Maritime">La Villedieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villedoux" title="Villedoux">Villedoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villemorin" title="Villemorin">Villemorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeneuve-la-Comtesse" title="Villeneuve-la-Comtesse">Villeneuve-la-Comtesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villexavier" title="Villexavier">Villexavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villiers-Couture" title="Villiers-Couture">Villiers-Couture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinax" title="Vinax">Vinax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virollet" title="Virollet">Virollet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virson" title="Virson">Virson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voissay" title="Voissay">Voissay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vouh%C3%A9,_Charente-Maritime" title="Vouhé, Charente-Maritime">Vouhé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves,_Charente-Maritime" title="Yves, Charente-Maritime">Yves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>pref</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a></li> <li><sup>subpr</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82185#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82185#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82185#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000113441751">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/133623415">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/12144647639603028128">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1211413/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtCBVHGygbYWmQWcF9JjC">WorldCat</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjJtC4hfBvkpy9G3fPcxwy">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="La Rochelle"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4111169-2">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81003750">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11878109f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11878109f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="La Rochelle (Francie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge550358&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX459876">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=497/17451">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007566724105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/915a9631-bca8-49f7-a44d-af10e960e357">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02655528X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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