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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="صفيحة مشاشية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صفيحة مشاشية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cart%C3%ADlag_de_creixement" title="Cartílag de creixement – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cartílag de creixement" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%AFstov%C3%A1_plot%C3%A9nka" title="Růstová ploténka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Růstová ploténka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C3%A2t_ardyfiannol" title="Plât ardyfiannol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Plât ardyfiannol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphysenfuge" title="Epiphysenfuge – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Epiphysenfuge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisis" title="Fisis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fisis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87_%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="صفحه رشد استخوان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صفحه رشد استخوان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilage_%C3%A9piphysaire" title="Cartilage épiphysaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cartilage épiphysaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%BC%88%EB%81%9D%ED%8C%90" title="뼈끝판 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뼈끝판" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisi" title="Fisi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fisi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94" title="סחוס הגדילה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סחוס הגדילה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="എപ്പിഫൈസിയൽ പ്ലേറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എപ്പിഫൈസിയൽ പ്ലേറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plat_epifisis" title="Plat epifisis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Plat epifisis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epifysairschijf" title="Epifysairschijf – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Epifysairschijf" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E7%AB%AF%E8%BB%9F%E9%AA%A8" title="骨端軟骨 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="骨端軟骨" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrz%C4%85stka_nasadowa" title="Chrząstka nasadowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chrząstka nasadowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placa_epifis%C3%A1ria" title="Placa epifisária – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Placa epifisária" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эпифизарная пластинка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эпифизарная пластинка" data-language-autonym="Русский" 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article uses <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">anatomical terminology</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Epiphyseal plate</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tib_fib_growth_plates.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Tib_fib_growth_plates.jpg/250px-Tib_fib_growth_plates.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Tib_fib_growth_plates.jpg/375px-Tib_fib_growth_plates.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Tib_fib_growth_plates.jpg/500px-Tib_fib_growth_plates.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="859" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Radiogram_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiogram (medicine)">Radiogram</a> of <a href="/wiki/Distal" class="mw-redirect" title="Distal">distal</a> <a href="/wiki/Tibia" title="Tibia">tibia</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Fibula" title="Fibula">fibula</a> (right) showing two epiphyseal plates</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hypertrophic_Zone_of_Epiphyseal_Plate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hypertrophic_Zone_of_Epiphyseal_Plate.jpg/250px-Hypertrophic_Zone_of_Epiphyseal_Plate.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hypertrophic_Zone_of_Epiphyseal_Plate.jpg/375px-Hypertrophic_Zone_of_Epiphyseal_Plate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Hypertrophic_Zone_of_Epiphyseal_Plate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="574" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Micrograph" title="Micrograph">Light micrograph</a> of an undecalcified epiphyseal plate that is displaying the hypertrophic zone with its typical <a href="/wiki/Chondrocyte" title="Chondrocyte">chondrocytes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matrix_(biology)" title="Matrix (biology)">matrix</a> and three zones: maturation (top), degenerative (middle) and provisional calcification (bottom).</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>lamina epiphysialis</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D006132">D006132</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/02.0.00.020%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A02.0.00.020</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=395">395</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma75427">75427</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1347293" class="extiw" title="d:Q1347293">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>epiphyseal plate</b>, <b>epiphysial plate</b>, <b>physis</b>, or <b>growth plate</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Hyaline_cartilage" title="Hyaline cartilage">hyaline cartilage</a> plate in the <a href="/wiki/Metaphysis" title="Metaphysis">metaphysis</a> at each end of a <a href="/wiki/Long_bone" title="Long bone">long bone</a>. It is the part of a long bone where new bone growth takes place; that is, the whole bone is alive, with maintenance <a href="/wiki/Bone_remodeling" title="Bone remodeling">remodeling</a> throughout its existing <a href="/wiki/Bone_tissue" class="mw-redirect" title="Bone tissue">bone tissue</a>, but the growth plate is the place where the long bone grows longer (adds length). </p><p>The plate is only found in children and adolescents; in adults, who have stopped growing, the plate is replaced by an <a href="/wiki/Epiphyseal_line" title="Epiphyseal line">epiphyseal line</a>. This replacement is known as <b>epiphyseal closure</b> or <b>growth plate fusion</b>. Complete fusion can occur as early as 12 for girls (with the most common being 14–15 years for girls) and as early as 14 for boys (with the most common being 15–17 years for boys).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epiphyseal_plate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epiphyseal_plate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Endochondral_ossification" title="Endochondral ossification">Endochondral ossification</a> is responsible for the initial bone development from cartilage <a href="/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">in utero</a> and infants and the longitudinal growth of long bones in the epiphyseal plate. The plate's <a href="/wiki/Chondrocytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chondrocytes">chondrocytes</a> are under constant division by <a href="/wiki/Mitosis" title="Mitosis">mitosis</a>. These <a href="/wiki/Daughter_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Daughter cell">daughter cells</a> stack facing the <a href="/wiki/Epiphysis" title="Epiphysis">epiphysis</a> while the older cells are pushed towards the <a href="/wiki/Diaphysis" title="Diaphysis">diaphysis</a>. As the older chondrocytes degenerate, <a href="/wiki/Osteoblasts" class="mw-redirect" title="Osteoblasts">osteoblasts</a> ossify the remains to form new bone. In puberty increasing levels of estrogen, in both females and males, leads to increased <a href="/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis">apoptosis</a> of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid21068162_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21068162-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Depletion of chondrocytes due to apoptosis leads to less <a href="/wiki/Ossification" title="Ossification">ossification</a> and growth slows down and later stops when the entire cartilage have become replaced by bone, leaving only a thin epiphyseal scar which later disappears.<sup id="cite_ref-seerbonedev_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seerbonedev-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Histology">Histology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epiphyseal_plate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Histology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The growth plate has a very specific morphology in having a zonal arrangement as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Epiphyseal plate zone (from epiphysis to diaphysis)</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>Zone of reserve</td> <td>Quiescent chondrocytes are found at the epiphyseal end </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zone of proliferation</td> <td>Chondrocytes undergo rapid mitosis under influence of <a href="/wiki/Growth_hormone" title="Growth hormone">growth hormone</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zone of maturation and hypertrophy</td> <td>Chondrocytes stop mitosis, and begin to <a href="/wiki/Hypertrophy" title="Hypertrophy">hypertrophy</a> by accumulating glycogen, lipids, and <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_phosphatase" title="Alkaline phosphatase">alkaline phosphatase</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zone of calcification</td> <td>Chondrocytes undergo <a href="/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis">apoptosis</a>. Cartilagenous matrix begins to calcify. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zone of ossification</td> <td>Osteoclasts and osteoblasts from the diaphyseal side break down the calcified cartilage and replace with mineralized bone tissue. </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proximal_tibia_Masson_Goldner_Trikrom_rabbit_600x_growth_zone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Proximal_tibia_Masson_Goldner_Trikrom_rabbit_600x_growth_zone.jpg/250px-Proximal_tibia_Masson_Goldner_Trikrom_rabbit_600x_growth_zone.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Proximal_tibia_Masson_Goldner_Trikrom_rabbit_600x_growth_zone.jpg/375px-Proximal_tibia_Masson_Goldner_Trikrom_rabbit_600x_growth_zone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Proximal_tibia_Masson_Goldner_Trikrom_rabbit_600x_growth_zone.jpg/500px-Proximal_tibia_Masson_Goldner_Trikrom_rabbit_600x_growth_zone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Masson Goldner trichrome stain of rabbit epiphysial plate</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epiphyseal_plate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Defects in the development and continued division of epiphyseal plates can lead to growth disorders collectively known as <a href="/wiki/Osteochondrodysplasia" title="Osteochondrodysplasia">osteochondrodysplasia</a>. The most common defect is <a href="/wiki/Achondroplasia" title="Achondroplasia">achondroplasia</a>, where there is a defect in cartilage formation. Achondroplasia is the most common cause of <a href="/wiki/Dwarfism" title="Dwarfism">dwarfism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Short_stature" title="Short stature">short stature</a> and it also manifests in generalized deformities of bones and joints. However, various other types of osteochondrodysplasias can cause short stature and generalized deformities of bones and joints due to abnormal function of growth plate cartilage cells.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_multiple_exostoses" title="Hereditary multiple exostoses">Hereditary multiple exostoses</a> is a genetic condition that is caused by growth irregularities of the epiphyseal plates of the long bones of the upper<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and lower limbs.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It usually results in limb deformities and a certain degree of functional limitations. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Salter%E2%80%93Harris_fracture" title="Salter–Harris fracture">Salter–Harris fractures</a> are fractures involving epiphyseal plates and hence tend to interfere with growth, height or physiologic functions.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Osgood%E2%80%93Schlatter_disease" title="Osgood–Schlatter disease">Osgood–Schlatter disease</a> results from stress on the epiphyseal plate in the <a href="/wiki/Tibia" title="Tibia">tibia</a>, leading to excess bone growth and a painful lump at the knee. </p><p>There are important clinical implications of the growth plate physiology. For example guided growth surgery, also known as temporary hemi<a href="/wiki/Epiphysiodesis" title="Epiphysiodesis">epiphysiodesis</a> is used to achieve correction or straightening of the bone deformities in a variety of pediatric orthopedic disorders such as <a href="/wiki/Blount%27s_disease" title="Blount's disease">Blount's disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rickets" title="Rickets">rickets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthrogryposis" title="Arthrogryposis">arthrogryposis</a> multiplex congenita and <a href="/wiki/Osteochondrodysplasias" class="mw-redirect" title="Osteochondrodysplasias">osteochondrodysplasias</a> among others.<sup id="cite_ref-Orthop2019_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orthop2019-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JAAOSGlobal_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAAOSGlobal-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PediatricTrauma2019_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PediatricTrauma2019-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This applies to bone and joint deformities in the <a href="/wiki/Coronal_plane" title="Coronal plane">coronal</a> – medial/lateral – plane or <a href="/wiki/Genu_varum" title="Genu varum">genu varum</a>/<a href="/wiki/Genu_valgum" title="Genu valgum">genu valgum</a> plane<sup id="cite_ref-JAAOSGlobal_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAAOSGlobal-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the <a href="/wiki/Sagittal_plane" title="Sagittal plane">sagittal</a> – anterior/posterior – plane or knee flexion deformity/<a href="/wiki/Genu_recurvatum" title="Genu recurvatum">genu recurvatum</a> plane.<sup id="cite_ref-PediatricTrauma2019_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PediatricTrauma2019-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_animals">Other animals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epiphyseal_plate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/John_Hunter_(surgeon)" title="John Hunter (surgeon)">John Hunter</a> studied growing chickens. He observed bones grew at the ends and thus demonstrated the existence of the epiphyseal plates. Hunter is considered the "father of the growth plate".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epiphyseal_plate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_development_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Human development (biology)">Human development (biology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salter%E2%80%93Harris_fracture" title="Salter–Harris fracture">Salter–Harris fracture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epiphyseal_plate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCrowderAustin2005" class="citation journal cs1">Crowder, C; Austin, D (September 2005). 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EMedicine.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-01-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Growth+Plate+%28Physeal%29+Fractures&rft.pub=EMedicine.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emedicine.com%2Forthoped%2Ftopic627.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiphyseal+plate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epiphyseal_plate&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bones.getthediagnosis.org/">Normal bones at GetTheDiagnosis.org</a>, showing the development of epiphyseal plates for different ages and bones.</li></ul> <style 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title="Metaphysis">metaphysis</a></li> <li>Cells <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chondroblast" title="Chondroblast">chondroblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chondrocyte" title="Chondrocyte">chondrocyte</a></li></ul></li> <li>Types <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyaline_cartilage" title="Hyaline cartilage">hyaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elastic_cartilage" title="Elastic cartilage">elastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibrocartilage" title="Fibrocartilage">fibrous</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">Bone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ossification" title="Ossification">Ossification</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_bone" title="Primary bone">primary bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intramembranous_ossification" title="Intramembranous ossification">intramembranous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endochondral_ossification" title="Endochondral ossification">endochondral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cells</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osteoblast" title="Osteoblast">osteoblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteocyte" title="Osteocyte">osteocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteoclast" title="Osteoclast">osteoclast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Matrix</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bone_mineral" title="Bone mineral">bone mineral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossein" title="Ossein">ossein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteoid" title="Osteoid">osteoid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bone#Cancellous_bone" title="Bone">cancellous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone#Cortical_bone" title="Bone">cortical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epiphysis" title="Epiphysis">subchondral bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphysis" title="Epiphysis">epiphysis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">epiphyseal plate</a>/<a href="/wiki/Epiphyseal_line" title="Epiphyseal line">epiphyseal line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysis" title="Metaphysis">metaphysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaphysis" title="Diaphysis">diaphysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condyle" title="Condyle">condyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicondyle" title="Epicondyle">epicondyle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osteon" title="Osteon">osteon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haversian_canal" title="Haversian canal">Haversian canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkmann%27s_canals" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkmann's canals">Volkmann's canals</a></li> <li><i>connective tissue</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endosteum" title="Endosteum">endosteum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periosteum" title="Periosteum">periosteum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharpey%27s_fibres" title="Sharpey's fibres">Sharpey's fibres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enthesis" title="Enthesis">enthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacuna_(histology)" title="Lacuna (histology)">lacunae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_canaliculus" title="Bone canaliculus">canaliculi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabecula" title="Trabecula">trabeculae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medullary_cavity" title="Medullary cavity">medullary cavity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_marrow" title="Bone marrow">bone marrow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shapes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_bone" title="Long bone">long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_bone" title="Short bone">short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_bone" title="Flat bone">flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irregular_bone" title="Irregular bone">irregular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesamoid_bone" title="Sesamoid bone">sesamoid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1347293#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1347293#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1347293#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-externalid-url/?p=1323&url_prefix=https:%2F%2Fwww.unifr.ch%2Fifaa%2FPublic%2FEntryPage%2FTA98%20Tree%2FEntity%20TA98%20EN%2F&url_suffix=%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm&id=A02.0.00.020">Terminologia Anatomica</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epiphyseal_plate&oldid=1256433331">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epiphyseal_plate&oldid=1256433331</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: 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