CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Keian - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )simplewikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"6dd7a6ad-7a80-46d0-a6bf-40d31667899e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Keian","wgTitle":"Keian","wgCurRevisionId":9734477,"wgRevisionId":9734477,"wgArticleId":318071,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing Japanese-language text","Japan stubs","Japanese eras","1648 establishments","17th-century establishments in Japan","1650s disestablishments in Japan"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Keian","wgRelevantArticleId":318071,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false, "wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":3000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1146135","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface", "ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Keian - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keian"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="change this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Keian&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//simple.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keian"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.simple"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Keian rootpage-Keian skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Getting around </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_start" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things"><span>Simple start</span></a></li><li id="n-Simple-talk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_talk"><span>Simple talk</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="The list of new changes in the wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>New changes</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Show any page [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Show any page</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="The place to get help"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-simple.svg" width="101" height="18" style="width: 6.3125em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Keian" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Keian" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Keian" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Keian" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about changes from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Events_of_the_Keian_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events_of_the_Keian_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Events of the <i>Keian</i> era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events_of_the_Keian_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Keian</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keian" title="Keian – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Keian" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D9%86" title="کی‌آن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کی‌آن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88re_Keian" title="Ère Keian – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ère Keian" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%95%88" title="게이안 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="게이안" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%B6%E5%AE%89" title="慶安 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="慶安" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кэйан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кэйан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кеиан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кеиан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keian" title="Keian – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Keian" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="เคอัง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เคอัง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keian" title="Keian – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Keian" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%B6%E5%AE%89_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="慶安 (日本) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="慶安 (日本)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1146135#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Keian" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Keian" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Keian"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keian&veaction=edit" title="Edit this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Change</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keian&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Change source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keian&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Keian"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keian&veaction=edit" title="Edit this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Change</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keian&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Change source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keian&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Keian" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Keian" rel="nofollow" title="New changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keian&oldid=9734477" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keian&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Keian&id=9734477&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKeian"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKeian"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Keian"><span>Make a book</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Keian&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keian&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Page for printing</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1146135" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Keian</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">慶安</span></span>)</span> was a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Japanese era name</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">年号,</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><i>nengō</i>,</i></span>, lit. "year name")</span> after <i><a href="/wiki/Shoho" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoho">Shōhō</a></i> and before <i><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8D%C5%8D_(Edo_period)" title="Jōō (Edo period)">Jōō</a>.</i> This period started in February 1648 and ended in September 1652.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, the emperor was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Go-Komyo_of_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor Go-Komyo of Japan (not yet started)">Go-Kōmyō</a><i>-tennō</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">後光明天皇</span></span>)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events_of_the_Keian_era">Events of the <i>Keian</i> era</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keian&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Events of the Keian era" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keian&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Events of the Keian era"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nihon_Odai_Ichiran_1834.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Nihon_Odai_Ichiran_1834.jpg/220px-Nihon_Odai_Ichiran_1834.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Nihon_Odai_Ichiran_1834.jpg/330px-Nihon_Odai_Ichiran_1834.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Nihon_Odai_Ichiran_1834.jpg/440px-Nihon_Odai_Ichiran_1834.jpg 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><i>Nihon Ōdai Ichiran</i> was first published in the 5th year of <i>Keian</i></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>1648</b> (<i>Keian 1</i>): Legal code about city life and business are established in Osaka<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b>1649</b> (<i>Keian 2</i>): Five-storied <a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">pagoda</a> at <a href="/wiki/Sens%C5%8D-ji" title="Sensō-ji">Sensō-ji</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">金龍山浅草寺</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Kinryū-zan Sensō-ji</i></span>)</span> was built in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asakusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asakusa (not yet started)">Asakusa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b>1649</b> (<i>Keian 2</i>): Legal code for peasants established by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokugawa_Iemitsu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tokugawa Iemitsu (not yet started)">Tokugawa Iemitsu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b>1 April 1649</b> (<i>Keian 2, 20th day of the 2nd month</i>): There was a major earthquake in Edo.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b>1651</b> (<i>Keian 4</i>): Plot to overthrow the Tokugawa, also known as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keian_Uprising&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keian Uprising (not yet started)">Keian Uprising</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b>1652</b> (<i>Keian 5, 5th month</i>): <i><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Odai_Ichiran" title="Nihon Odai Ichiran">Nihon Odai Ichiran</a></i> was published.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French version of this work was the first Japanese history book to be published in the West.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keian&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keian&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keian&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keian&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Louis-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric" title="Louis-Frédéric">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric</a>. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA503">"<i>Kei'an</i>"</a> in <i>Japan encyclopedia</i>, p. 503.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nussbaum, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA256">"Go-Kōmyō Tennō,"</a> p. 256; <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Titsingh" title="Isaac Titsingh">Titsingh, Isaac.</a> (1834). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA412"><i>Annales des empereurs du japon</i>, p. 412.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Whitney_Hall" title="John Whitney Hall">Hall, John Whitney</a>. <i>Early Modern Japan,</i> p. xx.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nihon Gaiji Kyōkai. (1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F4kTAAAAIAAJ&q=keian+"><i>Contemporary Japan: a Review of Japanese Affairs,</i> Vol. 11, Part 2, p. 749.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nussbaum, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA503">"<i>Kei'an no ofuregake</i>"</a> at p. 503.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Titsingh, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA412">p. 412.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nussbaum, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA503">"<i>Kei'an jinken</i>"</a> at p. 503; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Timon_Screech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timon Screech (not yet started)">Screech, Timon</a>. (2006). <i>Secret Memoirs of the Shogans: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822</i>, pp. 85-89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Titsingh, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA406">pp. 406, 412.</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keian&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keian&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" title="National Diet Library">National Diet Library</a>, "The Japanese Calendar" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/">-- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:80%; text-align: center; margin:0 auto 0.8em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Keian</th> <th>1st</th> <th>2nd</th> <th>3rd</th> <th>4th</th> <th>5th </th></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>1648</td> <td>1649</td> <td>1650</td> <td>1651</td> <td>1652 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: center; margin:0 auto 0.8em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20%">Preceded by:<br /><i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Shōhō">Shōhō</a></i> </td> <td width="30%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Era or <i>nengō</i></a>:<br /><b>Keian</b> </td> <td width="20%">Succeeded by:<br /><i><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8D%C5%8D_(Edo_period)" title="Jōō (Edo period)">Jōō</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japanese_era_names_(Nengō)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lightsteelblue;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122447">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_era_name" title="Template:Japanese era name"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background:lightsteelblue;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_era_name" title="Template talk:Japanese era name"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background:lightsteelblue;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Japanese_era_name&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background:lightsteelblue;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japanese_era_names_(Nengō)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Japanese era names</a> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name"><i>Nengō</i></a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue; line–height:1.5em;">Legendary Period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue; line–height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun period</a><br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue; line–height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Asuka_period" title="Asuka period">Asuka period</a><br />538–710</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Taika_(era)" title="Taika (era)">Taika</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">645–650</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hakuchi_(era)" title="Hakuchi (era)">Hakuchi</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">650–654</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Shuch%C5%8D" title="Shuchō">Shuchō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">686–686</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Taih%C5%8D_(era)" title="Taihō (era)">Taihō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">701–704</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Keiun" title="Keiun">Keiun</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">704–708</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Wad%C5%8D_(era)" title="Wadō (era)">Wadō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">708–715</span>  </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue; line–height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara period</a><br />710–784</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Reiki_(era)" title="Reiki (era)">Reiki</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">715–717</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dr%C5%8D" title="Yōrō">Yōrō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">717–724</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Jinki_(era)" title="Jinki (era)">Jinki</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">724–729</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tenpy%C5%8D" title="Tenpyō">Tenpyō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">729–749</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tenpy%C5%8D-kanp%C5%8D" title="Tenpyō-kanpō">Tenpyō-kanpō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">749–749</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tenpy%C5%8D-sh%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Tenpyō-shōhō">Tenpyō-shōhō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">749–757</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tenpy%C5%8D-h%C5%8Dji" title="Tenpyō-hōji">Tenpyō-hōji</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">757–765</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tenpy%C5%8D-jingo" title="Tenpyō-jingo">Tenpyō-jingo</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">765–767</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Jingo-keiun" title="Jingo-keiun">Jingo-keiun</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">767–770</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dki" title="Hōki">Hōki</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">770–781</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ten%27%C5%8D" title="Ten'ō">Ten'ō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">781–782</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Enryaku" title="Enryaku">Enryaku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">782–806</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue; line–height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a><br />784–1185</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Daid%C5%8D" title="Daidō">Daidō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">806–810</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dnin_(era)" title="Kōnin (era)">Kōnin</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">810–824</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tench%C5%8D" title="Tenchō">Tenchō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">824–834</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dwa_(Heian_period)" title="Jōwa (Heian period)">Jōwa</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">834–848</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kash%C5%8D_(early_Heian_period)" title="Kashō (early Heian period)">Kashō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">848–851</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ninju" title="Ninju">Ninju</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">851–854</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Saik%C5%8D" title="Saikō">Saikō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">854–857</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ten%27an" title="Ten'an">Ten'an</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">857–859</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dgan" title="Jōgan">Jōgan</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">859–877</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gangy%C5%8D" title="Gangyō">Gangyō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">877–885</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ninna" title="Ninna">Ninna</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">885–889</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kanpy%C5%8D_(era)" title="Kanpyō (era)">Kanpyō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">889–898</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dtai" title="Shōtai">Shōtai</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">898–901</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Engi_(era)" title="Engi (era)">Engi</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">901–923</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ench%C5%8D" title="Enchō">Enchō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">923–931</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dhei" title="Jōhei">Jōhei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">931–938</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tengy%C5%8D" title="Tengyō">Tengyō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">938–947</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tenryaku" title="Tenryaku">Tenryaku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">947–957</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tentoku" title="Tentoku">Tentoku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">957–961</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cwa" title="Ōwa">Ōwa</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">961–964</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Kōhō">Kōhō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">964–968</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Anna_(era)" title="Anna (era)">Anna</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">968–970</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tenroku" title="Tenroku">Tenroku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">970–973</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ten%27en" title="Ten'en">Ten'en</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">973–976</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dgen_(Heian_period)" title="Jōgen (Heian period)">Jōgen</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">976–978</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tengen_(era)" title="Tengen (era)">Tengen</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">978–983</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eikan" title="Eikan">Eikan</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">983–985</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kanna_(era)" title="Kanna (era)">Kanna</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">985–987</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eien" title="Eien">Eien</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">987–988</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eiso" title="Eiso">Eiso</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">988–990</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dryaku" title="Shōryaku">Shōryaku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">990–995</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dtoku" title="Chōtoku">Chōtoku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">995–999</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dh%C5%8D_(era)" title="Chōhō (era)">Chōhō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">999–1004</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kank%C5%8D" title="Kankō">Kankō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1004–1012</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dwa" title="Chōwa">Chōwa</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1012–1017</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kannin" title="Kannin">Kannin</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1017–1021</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Jian_(era)" title="Jian (era)">Jian</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1021–1024</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Manju_(era)" title="Manju (era)">Manju</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1024–1028</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dgen" title="Chōgen">Chōgen</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1028–1037</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dryaku" title="Chōryaku">Chōryaku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1037–1040</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dky%C5%AB" title="Chōkyū">Chōkyū</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1040–1044</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kantoku" title="Kantoku">Kantoku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1044–1046</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eish%C5%8D_(Heian_period)" title="Eishō (Heian period)">Eishō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1046–1053</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tengi" title="Tengi">Tengi</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1053–1058</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dhei" title="Kōhei">Kōhei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1058–1065</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Jiryaku" title="Jiryaku">Jiryaku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1065–1069</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Enky%C5%AB" title="Enkyū">Enkyū</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1069–1074</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Jōhō">Jōhō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1074–1077</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dryaku" title="Jōryaku">Jōryaku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1077–1081</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eih%C5%8D" title="Eihō">Eihō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1081–1084</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctoku" title="Ōtoku">Ōtoku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1084–1087</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kanji_(era)" title="Kanji (era)">Kanji</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1087–1094</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kah%C5%8D" title="Kahō">Kahō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1094–1096</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eich%C5%8D" title="Eichō">Eichō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1096–1097</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dtoku" title="Jōtoku">Jōtoku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1097–1099</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dwa_(Heian_period)" title="Kōwa (Heian period)">Kōwa</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1099–1104</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dji" title="Chōji">Chōji</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1104–1106</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kash%C5%8D_(late_Heian_period)" title="Kashō (late Heian period)">Kashō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1106–1108</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tennin_(era)" title="Tennin (era)">Tennin</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1108–1110</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ten%27ei" title="Ten'ei">Ten'ei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1110–1113</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eiky%C5%AB" title="Eikyū">Eikyū</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1113–1118</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gen%27ei" title="Gen'ei">Gen'ei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1118–1120</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dan" title="Hōan">Hōan</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1120–1124</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tenji_(era)" title="Tenji (era)">Tenji</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1124–1126</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Daiji_(era)" title="Daiji (era)">Daiji</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1126–1131</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tensh%C5%8D_(Heian_period)" title="Tenshō (Heian period)">Tenshō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1131–1132</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D" title="Chōshō">Chōshō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1132–1135</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Den" title="Hōen">Hōen</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1135–1141</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eiji_(era)" title="Eiji (era)">Eiji</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1141–1142</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dji_(Heian_period)" title="Kōji (Heian period)">Kōji</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1142–1144</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ten%27y%C5%8D" title="Ten'yō">Ten'yō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1144–1145</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABan" title="Kyūan">Kyūan</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1145–1151</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ninpei" title="Ninpei">Ninpei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1151–1154</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABju" title="Kyūju">Kyūju</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1154–1156</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dgen_(era)" title="Hōgen (era)">Hōgen</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1156–1159</span>   <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Heiji" title="Heiji">Heiji</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1159–1160</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eiryaku" title="Eiryaku">Eiryaku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1160–1161</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ch%C5%8D" title="Ōhō">Ōhō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1161–1163</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dkan" title="Chōkan">Chōkan</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1163–1165</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eiman" title="Eiman">Eiman</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1165–1166</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Nin%27an" title="Nin'an">Nin'an</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1166–1169</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%8D_(era)" title="Kaō (era)">Kaō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1169–1171</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dan_(era)" title="Jōan (era)">Jōan</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1171–1175</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Angen" title="Angen">Angen</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1175–1177</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Jish%C5%8D" title="Jishō">Jishō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1177–1181</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dwa" title="Yōwa">Yōwa</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1181–1182</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Juei" title="Juei">Juei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1182–1184</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Genryaku" title="Genryaku">Genryaku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1184–1185</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue; line–height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura period</a><br />1185–1333</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bunji_(era)" title="Bunji (era)">Bunji</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1185–1190</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kenky%C5%AB" title="Kenkyū">Kenkyū</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1190–1199</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dji_(era)" title="Shōji (era)">Shōji</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1199–1201</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kennin" title="Kennin">Kennin</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1201–1204</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Genky%C5%AB" title="Genkyū">Genkyū</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1204–1206</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ken%27ei" title="Ken'ei">Ken'ei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1206–1207</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dgen_(Kamakura_period)" title="Jōgen (Kamakura period)">Jōgen</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa">1207–1211</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kenryaku" title="Kenryaku">Kenryaku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1211–1213</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kempo_(era)" title="Kempo (era)">Kempo</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1213–1219</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dky%C5%AB" title="Jōkyū">Jōkyū</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1219–1222</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8D%C5%8D_(Kamakura_period)" title="Jōō (Kamakura period)">Jōō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1222–1224</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gennin" title="Gennin">Gennin</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1224–1225</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Karoku" title="Karoku">Karoku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1225–1227</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Antei" title="Antei">Antei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1227–1229</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kangi" title="Kangi">Kangi</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1229–1232</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dei" title="Jōei">Jōei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1232–1233</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tenpuku" title="Tenpuku">Tenpuku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1233–1234</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bunryaku" title="Bunryaku">Bunryaku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1234–1235</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Katei" title="Katei">Katei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1235–1238</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ryakunin" title="Ryakunin">Ryakunin</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1238–1239</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/En%27%C5%8D" title="En'ō">En'ō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1239–1240</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ninji" title="Ninji">Ninji</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1240–1243</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kangen" title="Kangen">Kangen</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1243–1247</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dji" title="Hōji">Hōji</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1247–1249</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kench%C5%8D" title="Kenchō">Kenchō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1249–1256</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dgen" title="Kōgen">Kōgen</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1256–1257</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dka" title="Shōka">Shōka</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1257–1259</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgen" title="Shōgen">Shōgen</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1259–1260</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bun%27%C5%8D" title="Bun'ō">Bun'ō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1260–1261</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dch%C5%8D" title="Kōchō">Kōchō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1261–1264</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bun%27ei" title="Bun'ei">Bun'ei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1264–1275</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kenji_(era)" title="Kenji (era)">Kenji</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1275–1278</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dan_(Kamakura_period)" title="Kōan (Kamakura period)">Kōan</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1278–1288</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D%C5%8D_(Kamakura_period)" title="Shōō (Kamakura period)">Shōō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1288–1293</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Einin" title="Einin">Einin </a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1293–1299</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dan" title="Shōan">Shōan</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1299–1302</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kengen" title="Kengen">Kengen </a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1302–1303</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kagen" title="Kagen">Kagen </a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1303–1306</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tokuji" title="Tokuji">Tokuji </a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1306–1308</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Enky%C5%8D_(Kamakura_period)" title="Enkyō (Kamakura period)">Enkyō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1308–1311</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cch%C5%8D" title="Ōchō">Ōchō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1311–1312</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_(Kamakura_period)" title="Shōwa (Kamakura period)">Shōwa</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1312–1317</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bunp%C5%8D" title="Bunpō">Bunpō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1317–1319</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gen%27%C5%8D" title="Gen'ō">Gen'ō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1319–1321</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Genky%C5%8D" title="Genkyō">Genkyō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1321–1324</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB_(era)" title="Shōchū (era)">Shōchū</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1324–1326</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Karyaku" title="Karyaku">Karyaku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1326–1329</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gentoku" title="Gentoku">Gentoku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1329–1331</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_(era)" title="Genkō (era)">Genkō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1331–1334<sup>♯</sup></span>   <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dky%C5%8D" title="Shōkyō">Shōkyō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1332–1334<sup>₪</sup></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue; line–height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period" title="Nanboku-chō period">Nanboku-chō period</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Northern_Court" title="Northern Court">Northern Court</a>)</small><br />1336–1392</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kemmu" title="Kemmu">Kemmu</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1334–1338</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ryaku%C5%8D" title="Ryakuō">Ryakuō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1338–1342</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dei_(era)" title="Kōei (era)">Kōei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1342–1345</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dwa_(Muromachi_period)" title="Jōwa (Muromachi period)">Jōwa</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1345–1350</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kann%C5%8D" title="Kannō">Kannō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1350–1352</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bunna" title="Bunna">Bunna</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1352–1356</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Enbun" title="Enbun">Enbun</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1356–1361</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dan_(Muromachi_period)" title="Kōan (Muromachi period)">Kōan</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1361–1362</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dji" title="Jōji">Jōji</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1362–1368</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Can" title="Ōan">Ōan</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1368–1375</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eiwa" title="Eiwa">Eiwa</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1375–1379</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dryaku" title="Kōryaku">Kōryaku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1379–1381</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eitoku" title="Eitoku">Eitoku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1381–1384</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Shitoku" title="Shitoku">Shitoku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1384–1387</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kakei" title="Kakei">Kakei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1387–1389</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8D%C5%8D_(Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period)" title="Kōō (Nanboku-chō period)">Kōō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1389–1390</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Meitoku" title="Meitoku">Meitoku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1390–1394<sup>‡</sup></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue; line–height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period" title="Nanboku-chō period">Nanboku-chō period</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Southern_Court" title="Southern Court">Southern Court</a>)</small><br />1336–1392</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kemmu" title="Kemmu">Kemmu</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1334–1336</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Engen" title="Engen">Engen</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1336–1340</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dkoku" title="Kōkoku">Kōkoku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1340–1346</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dhei" title="Shōhei">Shōhei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1346–1370</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kentoku" title="Kentoku">Kentoku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1370–1372</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bunch%C5%AB" title="Bunchū">Bunchū</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1372–1375</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tenju" title="Tenju">Tenju</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1375–1381</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dwa_(Muromachi_period)" title="Kōwa (Muromachi period)">Kōwa</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1381–1384</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gench%C5%AB" title="Genchū">Genchū</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1384–1392<sup>‡</sup></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue; line–height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi period</a><br />1333–1573</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cei" title="Ōei">Ōei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1394–1428</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%8D" title="Shōchō">Shōchō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1428–1429</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eiky%C5%8D" title="Eikyō">Eikyō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1429–1441</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kakitsu" title="Kakitsu">Kakitsu</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1441–1444</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bun%27an" title="Bun'an">Bun'an</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1444–1449</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dtoku" title="Hōtoku">Hōtoku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1449–1452</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dtoku" title="Kyōtoku">Kyōtoku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1452–1455</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D" title="Kōshō">Kōshō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1455–1457</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Droku" title="Chōroku">Chōroku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1457–1460</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kansh%C5%8D" title="Kanshō">Kanshō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1460–1466</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bunsh%C5%8D" title="Bunshō">Bunshō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1466–1467</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnin" title="Ōnin">Ōnin</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1467–1469</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bunmei" title="Bunmei">Bunmei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1469–1487</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dky%C5%8D" title="Chōkyō">Chōkyō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1487–1489</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Entoku" title="Entoku">Entoku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1489–1492</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Mei%C5%8D" title="Meiō">Meiō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1492–1501</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bunki" title="Bunki">Bunki</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1501–1521</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eish%C5%8D_(Muromachi_period)" title="Eishō (Muromachi period)">Eishō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1504–1521</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Daiei_(era)" title="Daiei (era)">Daiei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1521–1528</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Droku" title="Kyōroku">Kyōroku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1528–1532</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tenbun" title="Tenbun">Tenbun</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1532–1555</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dji_(Muromachi_period)" title="Kōji (Muromachi period)">Kōji</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1555–1558</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eiroku" title="Eiroku">Eiroku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1558–1570</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Genki" title="Genki">Genki</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1570–1573</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue; line–height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Azuchi-Momoyama_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Azuchi-Momoyama period">Momoyama period</a><br />1573–1600</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tensh%C5%8D_(Momoyama_period)" title="Tenshō (Momoyama period)">Tenshō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1573–1592</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bunroku" title="Bunroku">Bunroku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1592–1596</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Keich%C5%8D" title="Keichō">Keichō </a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1596–1615</span>  </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue; line–height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a><br />1600–1868</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Genna" title="Genna">Genna</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1615–1624</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kan%27ei" title="Kan'ei">Kan'ei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1624–1644</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Shōhō">Shōhō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1644–1648</span>  <b>·</b>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Keian</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1648–1652</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8D%C5%8D_(Edo_period)" title="Jōō (Edo period)">Jōō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1652–1655</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Meireki" title="Meireki">Meireki</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1655–1658</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Manji_(era)" title="Manji (era)">Manji</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1658–1661</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kanbun_(era)" title="Kanbun (era)">Kanbun</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1661–1673</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Enp%C5%8D" title="Enpō">Enpō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1673–1681</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tenna" title="Tenna">Tenna</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1681–1684</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dky%C5%8D" title="Jōkyō">Jōkyō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1684–1688</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Genroku" title="Genroku">Genroku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1688–1704</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dei" title="Hōei">Hōei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1704–1711</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dtoku_(era)" title="Shōtoku (era)">Shōtoku</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1711–1716</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Kyōhō">Kyōhō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1716–1736</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Genbun" title="Genbun">Genbun</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1736–1741</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kanp%C5%8D" title="Kanpō">Kanpō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1741–1744</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Enky%C5%8D_(Edo_period)" title="Enkyō (Edo period)">Enkyō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1744–1748</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kan%27en" title="Kan'en">Kan'en</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1748–1751</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dreki" title="Hōreki">Hōreki</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1751–1764</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Meiwa" title="Meiwa">Meiwa</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1764–1772</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/An%27ei" title="An'ei">An'ei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1772–1781</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tenmei" title="Tenmei">Tenmei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1781–1789</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kansei" title="Kansei">Kansei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1789–1801</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dwa" title="Kyōwa">Kyōwa</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1801–1804</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bunka" title="Bunka">Bunka</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1804–1818</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bunsei" title="Bunsei">Bunsei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1818–1830</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tenp%C5%8D" title="Tenpō">Tenpō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1830–1844</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dka" title="Kōka">Kōka</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1844–1848</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kaei" title="Kaei">Kaei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1848–1854</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ansei" title="Ansei">Ansei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1854–1860</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Man%27en" title="Man'en">Man'en</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1860–1861</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bunky%C5%AB" title="Bunkyū">Bunkyū</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1861–1864</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Genji_era" title="Genji era">Genji</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1864–1865</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kei%C5%8D" title="Keiō">Keiō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1865–1868</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue; line–height:1.5em;">Modern Japan<br />1868–<i>present</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Meiji_period" title="Meiji period">Meiji</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1868–1912</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_period" title="Taishō period">Taishō</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1912–1926</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_period" title="Shōwa period">Shōwa</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1926–1989</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Heisei_period" title="Heisei period">Heisei</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">1989–2019</span>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Reiwa_period" title="Reiwa period">Reiwa</a> <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#aaa;">2019–<i>present</i></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:lightsteelblue;"><div><sup>♯</sup>The Northern pretenders did not recognize the Genkō era. Gentoku was used in the Northern Court until 1332.<br /> <sup>₪</sup>The Shōkyō era was recognized only by the Northern pretenders, not by the Southern Court.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Upon reunification of the Northern and Southern Courts in 1392, Genchū was discontinued. Meitoku was used until 1394.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="boilerplate metadata plainlinks" id="stub"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japangeo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Japangeo.png/30px-Japangeo.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Japangeo.png/45px-Japangeo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Japangeo.png/60px-Japangeo.png 2x" data-file-width="211" data-file-height="251" /></a></span> <i>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">short article</a> about <a href="/wiki/Category:Japan_stubs" title="Category:Japan stubs">Japan</a> can be made longer. You can help Wikipedia by <a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keian&action=edit">adding to it</a></i>.</div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keian&oldid=9734477">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keian&oldid=9734477</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_eras" title="Category:Japanese eras">Japanese eras</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1648_establishments" title="Category:1648 establishments">1648 establishments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_establishments_in_Japan" title="Category:17th-century establishments in Japan">17th-century establishments in Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1650s_disestablishments_in_Japan" title="Category:1650s disestablishments in Japan">1650s disestablishments in Japan</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text">Articles containing Japanese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japan_stubs" title="Category:Japan stubs">Japan stubs</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 28 August 2024, at 14:17.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. See <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> for details.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/simple.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keian&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-9vxjf","wgBackendResponseTime":143,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.264","walltime":"0.319","ppvisitednodes":{"value":902,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":111490,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":119,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":7638,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 228.388 1 -total"," 56.66% 129.407 4 Template:Nihongo"," 29.39% 67.126 1 Template:Japanese_era_name"," 27.59% 63.013 1 Template:Navbox"," 8.96% 20.473 1 Template:Reflist"," 2.37% 5.413 239 Template:·"," 2.18% 4.978 1 Template:Japan-stub"," 0.93% 2.128 1 Template:Stub-template"," 0.81% 1.840 1 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.131","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":15424285,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6b6c9bdc8b-6x2kp","timestamp":"20241104100503","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Keian","url":"https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Keian","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1146135","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1146135","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2011-12-09T13:44:48Z","dateModified":"2024-08-28T14:17:09Z","headline":"Japanese era from April 1648 to October 1652"}</script> </body> </html>