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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title> Definisjon av åpen kunnskap - Open Definition - Defining Open in Open Data, Open Content and Open Knowledge </title> <meta name="author" content="Open Knowledge Open Definition Group" /> <meta name="description" content="Definisjon av åpen kunnskap - Open Definition - Defining Open in Open Data, Open Content and Open Knowledge" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://opendefinition.org/od/1.1/no/"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://a.okfn.org/html/oki/panel/assets/css/frontend.css"/> <link href="https://fonts.cdnfonts.com/css/hk-groteks" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets.okfn.org/mmenu-js/mmenu.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Open Definition" href="/feed/index.xml" /> <script defer 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class="container"> <h2>Definisjon av åpen kunnskap</h2> <p>Version: 1.1</p> <h2 id="terminologi">Terminologi</h2> <p>Med begrepet <strong>kunnskap</strong> forstås her:</p> <ol> <li>Innhold, som for eksempel musikk, filmer, bøker</li> <li>Data av alle typer, det være seg vitenskapelige, historiske, geografiske eller annet</li> <li>Informasjon fra offentlig forvaltning og administrasjon</li> </ol> <p>Programvare omfattes ikke av denne definisjonen selv om det åpenbart ville vært relevant. Dette er fordi programvare allerede er tilfredsstillende ivaretatt av andre eksisterende lisenser.</p> <p>Med begrepet <strong>verk</strong> forstås her et spesifikt kunnskapsuttrykk.</p> <p>Begrepet <strong>samling</strong> betegner en samling av verk. En slik samling kan også ses som et verk i seg selv.</p> <p>Begrepet <strong>lisens</strong> refererer til de juridiske vilkårene knyttet til tilgjengeliggjøringen av et verk. Der ingen lisens oppgis, tolkes dette som at relevante eksisterende juridiske vilkår (f.eks. åndsverklovgivning) skal gjelde for verket.</p> <p>##Definisjon Et verk er åpent hvis måten det videreformidles på oppfyller følgende kriterier:</p> <p>###1. Tilgang Verket skal være tilgjengelig i sin helhet og helst kunne lastes ned kostnadsfritt via internett, eventuelt mot et gebyr som ikke overskrider de faktiske utgiftene til reproduksjon. Verket skal også være tilgjengelig i et praktisk og modifiserbart format.</p> <p><em>Kommentar: Dette kan oppsummeres som ‘sosial’ åpenhet - ikke bare har man lov til å anskaffe verket, man det skal også være reelt mulig å skaffe det. Angivelsen ‘i sin helhet’ skal forhindre indirekte begrensninger av tilgang, for eksempel ved å kun tillate tilgang til en liten mengde av verkene i en database av gangen.</em></p> <p>###2. Videreformidling Lisensen skal på ingen måte begrense noen fra å selge eller gi vekk verket, enten selvstendig eller som del av en samling av verk fra forskjellige kilder. Lisensen skal heller ikke kreve en royalty eller andre avgifter for slikt salg eller distribusjon.</p> <p>###3. Gjenbruk Lisensen skal tillate modifiseringer og avledninger av et verk, og må også tillate distribusjon av slike verk under de samme vilkår som gjaldt det opprinnelige verket. Lisensen kan kreve navngivelse av opphavspersoner og krav om opprettholdelse av verkets egenart: se kriterium 5 (Navngivelse) og kriterium 6 (Egenart) under.</p> <p><em>Kommentar: Merk at dette kriteriet ikke forhindrer bruken av ‘virale’ delingslisenser (share-alike/del på samme vilkår) som krever videreformidling av alle endringer under de samme vilkår som hefter ved originalen.</em></p> <p>###4. Fravær av teknologiske begrensninger Verket skal tilbys i en slik form at det ikke finnes noen teknologiske hindringer for å gjennomføre overnevnte aktiviteter. Dette kan oppnås ved for eksempel å distribuere verket i et åpent dataformat, altså et format der spesifikasjonen er offentlig og fritt tilgjengelig og som ikke pålegger økonomiske eller andre restriksjoner på bruk av formatet.</p> <p>###5. Navngivelse Lisensen kan kreve navngivelse av opphavspersoner som et vilkår for gjenbruk og videreformidling av verket. Hvis dette vilkåret kreves skal det allikevel ikke være byrdefullt. For eksempel bør en oversikt over de som må navngis følge verket dersom navngivelse kreves.</p> <p>###6. Egenart Lisensen kan kreve som et vilkår for distribusjon av et verk i endret form at det resulterende verket bærer et annet navn eller versjonsnummer enn det opprinnelige verket.</p> <p>###7. Ingen diskriminering mot personer eller grupper Lisensen skal ikke diskriminere mot noen personer eller grupper av personer.</p> <p><em>Kommentar: For å oppnå høyst mulig gevinst fra den åpne prosessen må lik tilgang til å bidra til åpen kunnskap være berettiget for flest mulig forskjellige personer og grupper. På dette grunnlaget forbyr vi derfor enhver lisens for åpen kunnskap fra å utelukke noen fra den åpne prosessen.</em></p> <p>###8. Ingen diskriminering mot fagfelter eller bruksområder Lisensen skal ikke forhindre noen fra å gjøre bruk av verket i et spesifikt fagfelt eller bruksområde. For eksempel kan lisensen ikke forhindre verket fra å benyttes i kommersiell virksomhet eller som del av militær forskning.</p> <p><em>Kommentar: Hovedintensjonen bak dette kriteriet er å forby lisensfeller som kan forhindre åpent materiale fra å bli benyttet kommersielt. Vi ønsker at kommersielle brukere skal være en del av vårt fellesskap og ikke føle seg utelukket fra det.</em></p> <p>###9. Distribusjon av lisensen De rettigheter som tilknyttes et verk skal gjelde for alle dette verket distribueres til, uten behov for at det utferdiges noen form for tilleggslisens.</p> <p><em>Kommentar: Dette kriteriet er ment å forhindre lukking av verk gjennom indirekte virkemidler slik som for eksempel konfidensialitetsavtaler.</em></p> <p>###10. Lisensen må være ikke-spesifikk for samlinger Rettigheter tilknyttet et verk skal ikke avhenge av at verket er en del av en gitt samling. Hvis verket trekkes ut fra en samling og deretter brukes eller videreformidles i henhold til vilkårene i verkets lisens, skal alle parter som mottar verket fortsatt beholde de samme rettigheter som var gitt i forbindelse med den opprinnelige samlingen.</p> <p>###11. Lisensen må ikke begrense distribusjonen av andre verk Lisensen skal ikke sette begrensninger på andre verk som distribueres i sammenheng med det lisensierte verket. For eksempel kan lisensen ikke kreve at alle samdistribuerte verk også må være åpent lisensiert.</p> <p><em>Kommentar: Distributører av åpen kunnskap har rett til å gjøre egne valg om hvordan verk skal formidles. Merk at også virale delingslisenser (share-alike/del på samme vilkår) oppfyller dette kriteriet da delingsbestemmelsene i disse kun gjelder når helheten utgjør et enkelt verk.</em></p> <p><em>Translated by Svein-Magnus Sørensen, Harald Groven and Olav Anders Øvrebø</em></p> </div> </section> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="footer-language-links"> <p> The Open Definition in Your Language <ul> <li><a href="/od/2.1/ar/">العربية</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/be/">Беларуская</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/bs/">Bosanski</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/bg/">Български</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/ca/">Català</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.0/cz/">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/da/">Dansk</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/de/">Deutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/et/">Eesti</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.0/el/">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/en/">English</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/es/">Español</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.0/eu">Euskara</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/fi/">Suomi</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/fr/">Français</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/gl/">Galego</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/he/">עברית</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.0/hi">हिन्दी</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/hr/">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/hu/">Magyar</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/id/">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.0/is/">Íslenska</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.0/it/">Italiano</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/ja/">日本語</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/kn/">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/ko/">한국어</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/mk/">македонски јазик</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/ne/">नेपाली</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/no/">Norsk (bokmål)</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.0/pl/">Polszczyzna</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/pt-br/">Português Brasileiro </a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/pt/">Português</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/ru/">Русский</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/sq/">Shqip</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/sr/">Српски</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/sv/">Svenska</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/te/">తెలుగు</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/tr/">Türkçe</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.0/ua/">Українська</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/zh/">简体中文</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/zh-tw/">繁體中文</a></li> </ul> </p> </div> <hr> <div class="footer-primary-links"> <a class="footer-logo" href="https://okfn.org/"> <img src="https://a.okfn.org/img/oki/landscape-white-234x61.png"> </a> <p> Open Definition is a project of <a href="https://okfn.org">Open Knowledge Foundation</a> – <a href="https://github.com/okfn/opendefinition">Source Code</a> </p> <p> <a href="https://opendefinition.org/ossd/" title="Open Online Software Service"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/ok_buttons/os_80x15_orange_grey.png" alt="" /> </a> <a href="https://opendefinition.org/" title="Open Content"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/ok_buttons/oc_80x15_blue.png" alt="" /> </a> – <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"> Content licensed under a CC Attribution 4.0 International License </a> </p> </div> <div class="footer-secondary-links"> <ul> <li><a href="https://okfn.org/privacy-policy/">Privacy policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://okfn.org/ip-policy/">IP policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://okfn.org/cookie-policy/">Cookie policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://okfn.org/terms-of-use/">Terms of use</a></li> </ul> <ul class="footer-social"> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/okfn"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/social/x-logo.png" alt="Twitter"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/openknowledgefdn"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/social/youtube-logo-circle.png" alt="YouTube"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/@okfn"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/social/mastodon-logo.png" alt="Mastodon"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/open-knowledge-foundation/"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/social/linkedin-logo.png" alt="Linkedin"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/okfn"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/social/github-logo.png" alt="GitHub"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://okfn.org/newsletter"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/social/newsletter.png" alt="Newsletter"> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <hr> <p>The Open Knowledge Foundation is a not-for-profit organisation. 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