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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Indigenous cuisine of North America subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Indigenous_cuisine_of_North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Country_food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Country_food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Country food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Country_food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Native_American_cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Native_American_cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Eastern Native American cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Native_American_cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southeastern_Native_American_cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeastern_Native_American_cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Southeastern Native American cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeastern_Native_American_cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Selected_dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Selected dishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Great_Plains_Native_American_cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Great_Plains_Native_American_cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Great Plains Native American cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Great_Plains_Native_American_cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_Indigenous_cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Indigenous_cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Western Indigenous cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_Indigenous_cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southwestern_Indigenous_cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southwestern_Indigenous_cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Southwestern Indigenous cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southwestern_Indigenous_cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alaska_Native_cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alaska_Native_cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Alaska Native cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alaska_Native_cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Dishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restaurants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restaurants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Restaurants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restaurants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Circum-Caribbean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Circum-Caribbean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Indigenous cuisine of the Circum-Caribbean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Circum-Caribbean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indigenous_cuisine_of_Mesoamerica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indigenous_cuisine_of_Mesoamerica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Indigenous cuisine of Mesoamerica</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Indigenous_cuisine_of_Mesoamerica-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Indigenous cuisine of Mesoamerica subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Indigenous_cuisine_of_Mesoamerica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Some_known_dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Some_known_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Some known dishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Some_known_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indigenous_cuisine_of_South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indigenous_cuisine_of_South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Indigenous cuisine of South America</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Indigenous_cuisine_of_South_America-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Indigenous cuisine of South America subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Indigenous_cuisine_of_South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Andean_cultures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andean_cultures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Andean cultures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andean_cultures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_South_American_cultures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_South_American_cultures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Other South American cultures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_South_American_cultures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cooking_utensils" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooking_utensils"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cooking utensils</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooking_utensils-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crops_and_ingredients" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crops_and_ingredients"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Crops and ingredients</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Crops_and_ingredients-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Crops and ingredients subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Crops_and_ingredients-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plant-based_foods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plant-based_foods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Plant-based foods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plant-based_foods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fungi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fungi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Fungi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fungi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_chefs,_restaurateurs,_and_food_writers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_chefs,_restaurateurs,_and_food_writers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable chefs, restaurateurs, and food writers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_chefs,_restaurateurs,_and_food_writers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastronomia_dels_nadius_americans" title="Gastronomia dels nadius americans – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gastronomia dels nadius americans" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastronom%C3%ADa_de_los_indios_nativos_de_Norteam%C3%A9rica" title="Gastronomía de los indios nativos de Norteamérica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gastronomía de los indios nativos de Norteamérica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_am%C3%A9rindienne" title="Cuisine amérindienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cuisine amérindienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EC%9B%90%EC%A3%BC%EB%AF%BC_%EC%9A%94%EB%A6%AC" title="아메리카 원주민 요리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아메리카 원주민 요리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Հնդկացիական խոհանոց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հնդկացիական խոհանոց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucina_dei_nativi_americani" title="Cucina dei nativi americani – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cucina dei nativi americani" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiaanse_keuken" title="Indiaanse keuken – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Indiaanse keuken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Индейская кухня – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Индейская кухня" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_cuisine" title="Native American cuisine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Native American cuisine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianska_k%C3%B6ket" title="Indianska köket – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Indianska köket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Кухня корінних американців – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кухня корінних американців" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="美洲原住民飲食 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美洲原住民飲食" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2492088#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Food and drink of peoples Indigenous to the Americas</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manoomin_(wild_rice).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Manoomin_%28wild_rice%29.jpg/220px-Manoomin_%28wild_rice%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Manoomin_%28wild_rice%29.jpg/330px-Manoomin_%28wild_rice%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Manoomin_%28wild_rice%29.jpg/440px-Manoomin_%28wild_rice%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wild_rice" title="Wild rice">Wild rice</a> is a native traditional food of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and some areas of North Dakota.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> in the United States</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:0.7em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_USA_Map_w_American_Indian_colors.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Native America"><img alt="Native America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Blank_USA_Map_w_American_Indian_colors.png/55px-Blank_USA_Map_w_American_Indian_colors.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Blank_USA_Map_w_American_Indian_colors.png/83px-Blank_USA_Map_w_American_Indian_colors.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Blank_USA_Map_w_American_Indian_colors.png/110px-Blank_USA_Map_w_American_Indian_colors.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" 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War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawes_Rolls" title="Dawes Rolls">Dawes Rolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation_of_Native_Americans" title="Cultural assimilation of Native Americans">Cultural assimilation of Native Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Racism against Native Americans in the United States">Racism against Native Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Appropriations_Act" title="Indian Appropriations Act">Indian Appropriations Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_Integrity_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Racial Integrity Act">Racial Integrity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Citizenship_Act_of_1924" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Citizenship Act of 1924">Indian Citizenship Act of 1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Reorganization_Act_of_1934" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Reorganization Act of 1934">Indian Reorganization Act of 1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_and_World_War_II" title="Native Americans and World War II">Native Americans and World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_boarding_schools" title="American Indian boarding schools">American Indian boarding schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Power_movement" title="Red Power movement">Red Power movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American rights">Native American rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_Native_Americans" title="Alcohol and Native Americans">Alcohol and Native Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_temperance_activists" title="Native American temperance activists">Native American temperance activists</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Native_American_cultures_in_the_United_States" title="Native American cultures in the United States">Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adena_culture" title="Adena culture">Adena culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohokam" title="Hohokam"> Hohokam culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American art">Art</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pow_wow" class="mw-redirect" title="Pow wow">Pow wow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pow_wow" class="mw-redirect" title="Pow wow">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Graves_Protection_and_Repatriation_Act" title="Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act">Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Film_and_Video_Festival" title="Native American Film and Video Festival">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Peoples%27_Day_(United_States)" title="Indigenous Peoples' Day (United States)">Indigenous Peoples' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_literature" title="Mesoamerican literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_fashion" title="Native American fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_social_statistics_of_Native_Americans" title="Modern social statistics of Native Americans">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_disease_and_epidemics" title="Native American disease and epidemics">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_sovereignty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribal sovereignty">Tribal sovereignty</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">Wars</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Wars" title="Beaver Wars">Beaver Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Powhatan_Wars" title="Anglo-Powhatan Wars">Anglo-Powhatan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pequot_War" title="Pequot War">Pequot War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieft%27s_War" title="Kieft's War">Kieft's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peach_Tree_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Peach Tree War">Peach Tree War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esopus_Wars" title="Esopus Wars">Esopus Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Philip%27s_War" title="King Philip's War">King Philip's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscarora_War" title="Tuscarora War">Tuscarora War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamasee_War" title="Yamasee War">Yamasee War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dummer%27s_War" title="Dummer's War">Dummer's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac%27s_War" title="Pontiac's War">Pontiac's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Dunmore%27s_War" title="Lord Dunmore's War">Lord Dunmore's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee%E2%80%93American_wars" title="Cherokee–American wars">Cherokee–American wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Indian_War" title="Northwest Indian War">Northwest Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_War" title="Creek War">Creek War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arikara_War" title="Arikara War">Arikara War</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_Wars" title="Seminole Wars">Seminole Wars</a> / <a href="/wiki/Second_Seminole_War" title="Second Seminole War">Second Seminole War</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osage_Indian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Osage Indian War">Osage Indian War </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas%E2%80%93Indian_wars" title="Texas–Indian wars">Texas–Indian wars (1836–1877)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Comanche_Wars" title="Comanche Wars">Comanche Wars (1836–1877)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Antelope_Hills_expedition" title="Antelope Hills expedition">(1858)|Antelope Hills expedition</a> / <a href="/wiki/Comanche_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Comanche Campaign">Comanche Campaign (1867–1875)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Red_River_War" title="Red River War">Red River War (1874–1875)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Hunters%27_War" title="Buffalo Hunters' War">Buffalo Hunters' War (1876–1877)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cayuse_War" title="Cayuse War">Cayuse War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Wars" title="Apache Wars">Apache Wars (1849–1924)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jicarilla_War" title="Jicarilla War">Jicarilla War (1849–1855)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Apache_Wars#Chiricahua_Wars" title="Apache Wars">Chiricahua Wars (1860–1886)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yavapai_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavapai War">Tonto War (1871–1875)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Victorio%27s_War" title="Victorio's War">Victorio's War (1879–1880)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Apache_Wars#Geronimo's_War" title="Apache Wars">Geronimo's War (1881–1886)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Post_1887_Apache_Wars_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Post 1887 Apache Wars period">Post 1887 Apache Wars period (1887–1924)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuma_War" title="Yuma War">Yuma War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_Wars" title="Ute Wars">Ute Wars(1850–1923)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_at_Fort_Utah" title="Battle at Fort Utah">Battle at Fort Utah (1850)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walkara#Walker_War" title="Walkara">Walker War (1853–1854)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tintic_War" title="Tintic War">Tintic War (1856)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_War_(1865%E2%80%9372)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Hawk War (1865–72)">Black Hawk War (1865–1872)</a> / <a href="/wiki/White_River_War" class="mw-redirect" title="White River War">White River War (1879)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ute_Wars" title="Ute Wars">Ute War (1887)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bluff_War" title="Bluff War">Bluff War (1914–1915)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ute_Wars" title="Ute Wars">Bluff Skirmish (1921)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posey_War" title="Posey War">Posey War (1923)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Wars" title="Sioux Wars">Sioux Wars (1854–1891)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sioux_Wars#First_Sioux_War" title="Sioux Wars">First Sioux War (1854-1856)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dakota_War_of_1862" title="Dakota War of 1862">Dakota War (1862)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Colorado_War" title="Colorado War">Colorado War (1863–1865)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Powder_River_Expedition_(1865)" title="Powder River Expedition (1865)">Powder River War (1865)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Red_Cloud%27s_War" title="Red Cloud's War">Red Cloud's War (1866–1868)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Great_Sioux_War_of_1876" title="Great Sioux War of 1876">Great Sioux War (1876–1877)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cheyenne_Exodus" title="Northern Cheyenne Exodus">Northern Cheyenne Exodus (1878-1879)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ghost_Dance_War" title="Ghost Dance War">Ghost Dance War (1890–1891)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_River_Wars" title="Rogue River Wars">Rogue River Wars (1855–1856)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakima_War" title="Yakima War">Yakima War (1855–1858)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Puget_Sound_War" title="Puget Sound War">Puget Sound War (1855–1856)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene_War" title="Coeur d'Alene War">Coeur d'Alene War (1858)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohave_War" title="Mohave War"> Mohave War(1858–1859)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Wars#American_period" title="Navajo Wars">Navajo Wars (1849–1866)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paiute_War" title="Paiute War">Paiute War(1860)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavapai_Wars" title="Yavapai Wars">Yavapai Wars(1861–1875)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_War" title="Snake War">Snake War (1864–1869)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hualapai_War_(1865%E2%80%9370)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hualapai War (1865–70)">Hualapai War (1865–1870)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_War" title="Modoc War">Modoc War (1872–1873)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nez_Perce_War" title="Nez Perce War">Nez Perce War (1877)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannock_War" title="Bannock War">Bannock War (1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_War" title="Crow War">Crow War (1887)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannock_War_of_1895" title="Bannock War of 1895">Bannock Uprising (1895)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui_Uprising" title="Yaqui Uprising">Yaqui Uprising (1896)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sugar_Point" title="Battle of Sugar Point">Battle of Sugar Point (1898)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crazy_Snake_Rebellion" title="Crazy Snake Rebellion">Crazy Snake Rebellion (1909)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kelley_Creek#Last_Massacre" title="Battle of Kelley Creek">Last Massacre (1911)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kelley_Creek" title="Battle of Kelley Creek">Battle of Kelley Creek (1911)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bear_Valley" title="Battle of Bear Valley">Battle of Bear Valley (1918)</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Political movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_civil_rights" title="Native American civil rights">Civil rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_identity_in_the_United_States" title="Native American identity in the United States">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_women_in_politics" title="Native American women in politics">Women in politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_American_Indians" title="National Congress of American Indians">Nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Movement" title="American Indian Movement">American Indian Movement (AIM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Power_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Power Movement">Red Power Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Alcatraz" title="Occupation of Alcatraz">Occupation of Alcatraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Broken_Treaties" title="Trail of Broken Treaties">Trail of Broken Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Wounded_Knee" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Wounded Knee">Occupation of Wounded Knee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missing_and_Murdered_Indigenous_Women" title="Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women">MMIW</a> (<a href="/wiki/Red_handprint" title="Red handprint">Red handprint</a>)</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Religion</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Religious_Freedom_Act" title="American Indian Religious Freedom Act">American Indian Religious Freedom Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Feather_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle Feather law">Eagle Feather law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_people_and_Mormonism" title="Native American people and Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions" title="Native American religions">Traditional religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Church" title="Native American Church">Native American Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse_Religion" title="Longhouse Religion">Longhouse Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Dance" title="Sun Dance">Sun Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keetoowah_Nighthawk_Society" title="Keetoowah Nighthawk Society">Keetoowah Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midewiwin" title="Midewiwin">Midewiwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabunowin" title="Wabunowin">Wabunowin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wocekiye" title="Wocekiye">Wocekiye</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Rights_Fund" title="Native American Rights Fund">Native American Rights Fund (NARF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_American_Indians" title="National Congress of American Indians">National Congress of American Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Indian_Youth_Council" title="National Indian Youth Council">National Indian Youth Council (NIYC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_of_All_Red_Nations" title="Women of All Red Nations">Women of All Red Nations (WARN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Indian_Treaty_Council" title="International Indian Treaty Council">The International Indian Treaty Council (IITC)</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Ethnic subdivisions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Indians_in_the_United_States" title="Black Indians in the United States">Black Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Louisiana Creole</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Languages</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Native American languages</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Demographics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._communities_with_Native_American_majority_populations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. communities with Native American majority populations">Neighborhoods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_social_statistics_of_Native_Americans" title="Modern social statistics of Native Americans">Societal statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Reservation">Reservations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_disenrollment" title="Tribal disenrollment">Tribal disenrollment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservation_poverty" title="Reservation poverty">Reservation poverty</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Geography</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> by region</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Great_Basin" title="Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin">Great Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Northeastern_Woodlands" title="Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands">Northeastern Woodlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Northwest_Plateau" title="Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau">Northwest Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Pacific_Northwest_Coast" title="Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast">Pacific Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plains_Indians" title="Plains Indians">The Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Southeastern_Woodlands" title="Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands">Southeastern Woodlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_North_American_Southwest" title="Indigenous peoples of the North American Southwest">Southwest</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> by state</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Natives" title="Alaska Natives">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Arizona" title="Indigenous peoples of Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_California" title="Indigenous peoples of California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Indigenous_People_of_Colorado" title="Template:Indigenous People of Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Florida" title="Indigenous peoples of Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_tribes_in_Iowa" title="Native American tribes in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Native_Americans_in_Maryland" title="Template:Native Americans in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Native_American_Tribes_in_Michigan" title="Template:Native American Tribes in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_tribes_in_Nebraska" title="Native American tribes in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Native_American_Tribes_in_North_Carolina" title="Template:Native American Tribes in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_American_Tribes_in_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Native American Tribes in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_peoples_of_Oregon" title="Native American peoples of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_tribes_in_Virginia" title="Native American tribes in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Native_American_Tribes_in_Wisconsin" title="Template:Native American Tribes in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_Americans_of_the_United_States" title="List of Native Americans of the United States">Native Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_American_artists" title="List of Native American artists">artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_American_actors" title="List of Native American actors">actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_American_leaders_of_the_Indian_Wars" title="List of Native American leaders of the Indian Wars">war leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_American_musicians" title="List of Native American musicians">musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Native Americans in the United States Congress">congressional politicians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_American_Medal_of_Honor_recipients" title="List of Native American Medal of Honor recipients">Native American Medal of Honor recipients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federally_recognized_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of federally recognized tribes">List of federally recognized tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federally_recognized_tribes_by_state" title="List of federally recognized tribes by state">List of federally recognized tribes by state </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">List of Indian reservations in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Native_American_topics_sidebar" title="Template:Native American topics sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Native_American_topics_sidebar" title="Template talk:Native American topics sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Native_American_topics_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Native American topics sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Indigenous cuisine of the Americas</b> includes all <a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">cuisines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">food</a> practices of the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a>. Contemporary Native peoples retain a varied culture of traditional foods, along with the addition of some post-contact foods that have become customary and even iconic of present-day Indigenous American social gatherings (for example, <a href="/wiki/Frybread" title="Frybread">frybread</a>). Foods like <a href="/wiki/Cornbread" title="Cornbread">cornbread</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey_meat" title="Turkey meat">turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cranberry" title="Cranberry">cranberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">blueberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hominy" title="Hominy">hominy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mush_(cornmeal)" title="Mush (cornmeal)">mush</a> have been adopted into the cuisine of the broader United States population from Native American cultures. </p><p>In other cases, documents from the early periods of Indigenous American contact with European, African, and Asian peoples have allowed the recovery and revitalization of Indigenous food practices that had formerly passed out of popularity. </p><p>The most important Indigenous American crops have generally included <a href="/wiki/Indian_corn" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian corn">Indian corn</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a> name for the plant), beans, squash, pumpkins, sunflowers, wild rice, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, peanuts, avocados, papayas, potatoes and chocolate.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Indigenous cuisine of the Americas uses domesticated and wild native ingredients.<sup id="cite_ref-NativeTech_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NativeTech-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Americas cover a large range of <a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">biomes</a>, and there are more than 574 currently <a href="/wiki/Federally_recognized" class="mw-redirect" title="Federally recognized">federally recognized</a> Native American tribes in the US alone, Indigenous cuisine can vary significantly by region and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (January 2015)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, North American Native cuisine differs from <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southwestern United States">Southwestern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexican_cuisine" title="Mexican cuisine">Mexican cuisine</a> in its simplicity and directness of flavor. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indigenous_cuisine_of_North_America">Indigenous cuisine of North America</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Indigenous cuisine of North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Agricultural_Complex" title="Eastern Agricultural Complex">Eastern Agricultural Complex</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Country_food">Country food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Country food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the American sense of the term, see <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southern United States">Cuisine of the Southern United States</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Inuit_cuisine" title="Inuit cuisine">Inuit cuisine</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous peoples<br />in Canada</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aboriginal_War_Veterans_monument_(close).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A life-sized bronze statue of an Aboriginal and eagle above him; there is a bear to his right and a wolf to his left, they are all looking upwards towards a blue and white sky" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Aboriginal_War_Veterans_monument_%28close%29.JPG/80px-Aboriginal_War_Veterans_monument_%28close%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Aboriginal_War_Veterans_monument_%28close%29.JPG/120px-Aboriginal_War_Veterans_monument_%28close%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Aboriginal_War_Veterans_monument_%28close%29.JPG/160px-Aboriginal_War_Veterans_monument_%28close%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Métis in Canada">Métis</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_First_Nations_history" title="Timeline of First Nations history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the indigenous peoples of Canada">Pre-colonization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas">Genetics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settler_colonialism_in_Canada" title="Settler colonialism in Canada">Settler colonialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples" title="Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school_system" title="Canadian Indian residential school system">Residential schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_hospital" title="Indian hospital">Indian hospitals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_of_Canada" title="Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada">Reconciliation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Politics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Indigenous_law" title="Canadian Indigenous law">Indigenous law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Treaty_Process" title="British Columbia Treaty Process">British Columbia Treaty Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Crown_and_Indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada">Crown and Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Health_Transfer_Policy" title="Indian Health Transfer Policy">Health Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idle_No_More" title="Idle No More">Idle No More</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Act" title="Indian Act">Indian Act</a></i></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Back" title="Land Back">Land Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_land_claims_in_Canada" title="Indigenous land claims in Canada">Land claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_defender" title="Land defender">Land defender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_land_title_in_Canada" title="Aboriginal land title in Canada">Land title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missing_and_Murdered_Indigenous_Women" title="Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women">Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbered_Treaties" title="Numbered Treaties">Numbered Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_Aboriginal_Peoples" title="Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples">Royal Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_self-government_in_Canada" title="Indigenous self-government in Canada">Self-government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_specific_land_claims_in_Canada" title="Indigenous specific land claims in Canada">Specific claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_rights" title="Treaty rights">Treaty rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples" title="Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_Aboriginal_case_law" title="Category:Canadian Aboriginal case law">Case law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_organizations_in_Canada" title="Category:Indigenous organizations in Canada">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_politics_in_Canada" title="Category:Indigenous politics in Canada">Politics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_art" title="Inuit art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_culture_in_Canada" title="Category:Indigenous culture in Canada">Indigenous cultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Canadian_personalities" title="Indigenous Canadian personalities">Indigenous personalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Country food">Country food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Canada" title="Indigenous music of Canada">Music</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Demographics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reserve" title="Indian reserve">Indian reserves</a></li> <li>AB <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Alberta" title="First Nations in Alberta">FN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_in_Alberta" title="Métis in Alberta">Métis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_peoples_in_Atlantic_Canada" title="Category:Indigenous peoples in Atlantic Canada">Atlantic CA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_peoples_in_British_Columbia" title="Category:Indigenous peoples in British Columbia">BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Manitoba" title="First Nations in Manitoba">MB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_peoples_in_Ontario" title="Category:Indigenous peoples in Ontario">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Quebec" title="Indigenous peoples in Quebec">QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Saskatchewan" title="First Nations in Saskatchewan">SK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Northern_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Northern Canada">Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Pacific_Northwest_Coast" title="Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast">Pacific Coast</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Linguistics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Canada#Aboriginal_languages" title="Languages of Canada">Indigenous languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_languages" title="Inuit languages">Inuit languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinuk_Wawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinuk Wawa">Chinuk Wawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_English_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal English in Canada">Indigenous English Dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americanist_phonetic_notation" title="Americanist phonetic notation">NAPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Aboriginal syllabics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinook_Writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinook Writing">Chinuk pipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_grammar" title="Inuit grammar">Inuit grammar</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Religions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mythologies_of_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythologies of the indigenous peoples of the Americas">Traditional beliefs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_religion" title="Inuit religion">Inuit religion</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Index</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_articles_related_to_Indigenous_Canadians" title="Index of articles related to Indigenous Canadians">Index of articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Category:Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_Nations_in_Canada" title="Category:First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Inuit" title="Category:Inuit">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_M%C3%A9tis_people" title="Category:Canadian Métis people">Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_peoples_of_North_America_stubs" title="Category:Indigenous peoples of North America stubs">Stubs</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg/16px-MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg/24px-MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg/32px-MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="299" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous North Americas</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/14px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/21px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/28px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indigenous_Peoples_of_Canada" title="Template:Indigenous Peoples of Canada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indigenous_Peoples_of_Canada" title="Template talk:Indigenous Peoples of Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous_Peoples_of_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous Peoples of Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Country food, in Canada, refers to the <a href="/wiki/Traditional_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional diet">traditional diets</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous peoples in Canada</a> (known in Canada as <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_people_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Métis people (Canada)">Metis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a>), especially in remote <a href="/wiki/Nordicity" title="Nordicity">northern regions</a> where <a href="/wiki/Western_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Western food">Western food</a> is an expensive import, and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_food" title="Traditional food">traditional foods</a> are still relied upon.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Government of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a> estimated in 2015 that nearly half of Northwest Territories residents in smaller communities relied on country food for 75% of their meat and fish intake; in larger communities, the percentage was lower, with the lowest percentage relying on country foods (4%) being in <a href="/wiki/Yellowknife" title="Yellowknife">Yellowknife</a>, the capital and only "large community". </p><p>The most common country foods in the Northwest Territories area include mammals and birds (caribou, moose, ducks, geese, seals, hare, grouse, ptarmigan), fish (lake trout, char, <a href="/wiki/Nelma" title="Nelma">inconnu</a>, whitefish, pike, <a href="/wiki/Burbot" title="Burbot">burbot</a>) and berries (blueberries, cranberries, blackberries, cloudberries).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the eastern <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Arctic" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Arctic">Canadian Arctic</a>, Inuit consume <a href="/wiki/Inuit_cuisine" title="Inuit cuisine">a diet</a> of foods that are fished, hunted, and gathered locally. This may include <a href="/wiki/Caribou" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribou">caribou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">walrus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ringed_seal" title="Ringed seal">ringed seal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bearded_seal" title="Bearded seal">bearded seal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">beluga whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">polar bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berries" class="mw-redirect" title="Berries">berries</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fireweed" class="mw-redirect" title="Fireweed">fireweed</a>. </p><p>The cultural value attached to certain game species, and certain parts, varies. For example, in the <a href="/wiki/James_Bay" title="James Bay">James Bay</a> region, a 1982 study found that beluga whale meat was principally used as dog food, whereas the blubber, or <a href="/wiki/Muktuk" title="Muktuk">muktuk</a> was a "valued delicacy".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Value also varies by age, with Inuit preferring younger ring seals, and often using the older ones for dog food.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contaminants in country foods are a public health concern in Northern Canada; volunteers are tested to track the spread of industrial chemicals from emitters (usually in the South) into the northern food web via the air and water.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, the Government of the Northwest Territories committed to using country foods in the soon-to-open Stanton Territorial Hospital, despite the challenges of obtaining, inspecting, and preparing sufficient quantities of wild game and plants.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Southern_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Canada">Southern Canada</a>, wild foods (especially meats) are relatively rare in restaurants, due to <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_conservation" title="Wildlife conservation">wildlife conservation</a> rules against selling hunted meat, as well as strict <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Food_Inspection_Agency" title="Canadian Food Inspection Agency">meat inspection rules</a>. There is a <a href="/wiki/Cultural_divide" title="Cultural divide">cultural divide</a> between <a href="/wiki/Rural_and_remote" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural and remote">rural and remote</a> communities that rely on wild foods, and urban Canadians (the majority), who have little or no experience with them.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sugar-Making_Among_the_Indians_in_the_North.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sugar-Making_Among_the_Indians_in_the_North.gif/220px-Sugar-Making_Among_the_Indians_in_the_North.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sugar-Making_Among_the_Indians_in_the_North.gif/330px-Sugar-Making_Among_the_Indians_in_the_North.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sugar-Making_Among_the_Indians_in_the_North.gif/440px-Sugar-Making_Among_the_Indians_in_the_North.gif 2x" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>A 19th-century illustration, "Sugar-Making Among the Indians in the North". Aboriginal peoples living in the northeastern part of North America were the first people known to have produced <a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup" title="Maple syrup">maple syrup</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maple_sugar" title="Maple sugar">maple sugar</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_Native_American_cuisine">Eastern Native American cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Eastern Native American cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(agriculture)" title="Three Sisters (agriculture)">Three Sisters (agriculture)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corn_cobs,_San_Juan_Anasazi,_Triangle_Cave,_Utah,_900-1300_AD_-_Natural_History_Museum_of_Utah_-_DSC07443.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Corn_cobs%2C_San_Juan_Anasazi%2C_Triangle_Cave%2C_Utah%2C_900-1300_AD_-_Natural_History_Museum_of_Utah_-_DSC07443.JPG/220px-Corn_cobs%2C_San_Juan_Anasazi%2C_Triangle_Cave%2C_Utah%2C_900-1300_AD_-_Natural_History_Museum_of_Utah_-_DSC07443.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Corn_cobs%2C_San_Juan_Anasazi%2C_Triangle_Cave%2C_Utah%2C_900-1300_AD_-_Natural_History_Museum_of_Utah_-_DSC07443.JPG/330px-Corn_cobs%2C_San_Juan_Anasazi%2C_Triangle_Cave%2C_Utah%2C_900-1300_AD_-_Natural_History_Museum_of_Utah_-_DSC07443.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Corn_cobs%2C_San_Juan_Anasazi%2C_Triangle_Cave%2C_Utah%2C_900-1300_AD_-_Natural_History_Museum_of_Utah_-_DSC07443.JPG/440px-Corn_cobs%2C_San_Juan_Anasazi%2C_Triangle_Cave%2C_Utah%2C_900-1300_AD_-_Natural_History_Museum_of_Utah_-_DSC07443.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4155" data-file-height="2363" /></a><figcaption>Corn was a vital source of food for Indigenous communities across the Northern Hemisphere. Sophisticated farming techniques were used to cultivate the crop throughout the American continent.</figcaption></figure> <p>The essential staple foods of the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Eastern_Woodlands" title="Indigenous peoples of the Eastern Woodlands">Indigenous peoples of the Eastern Woodlands</a> have traditionally been corn (also known as maize), <a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">beans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Squash_(fruit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squash (fruit)">squash</a>, known as "<a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(agriculture)" title="Three Sisters (agriculture)">The Three Sisters</a>" because they were planted interdependently: the beans grew up the tall stalks of the corn, while the squash spread out at the base of the three plants and provided protection and support for the root systems. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup" title="Maple syrup">Maple syrup</a> is another essential food staple of the Eastern Woodlands peoples. Tree sap is collected from sugar maple trees during the beginning of springtime when the nights are still cold.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Birch bark containers are used in the process of making maple syrup, maple cakes, maple sugar, and maple taffy. When the sap is boiled to a certain temperature, different variations of maple food products are created. When the sap starts to thicken, it can be poured into the snow to make taffy.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the first colonists of <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> had to adapt their foods to the local crops and resources, the Native influences of <a href="/wiki/Southern_New_England_Algonquian_cuisine" title="Southern New England Algonquian cuisine">Southern New England Algonquian cuisine</a> form a significant part of <a href="/wiki/New_England_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="New England cuisine">New England cuisine</a> with dishes such as <a href="/wiki/Cornbread" title="Cornbread">cornbread</a>, <a href="/wiki/Succotash" title="Succotash">succotash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johnnycakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Johnnycakes">Johnnycakes</a> and ingredients such as <a href="/wiki/Corn" class="mw-redirect" title="Corn">corn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cranberry" title="Cranberry">cranberries</a> and local species of <a href="/wiki/Clam" title="Clam">clam</a> still enjoyed in the region today.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Wabanaki_Confederacy" title="Wabanaki Confederacy">Wabanaki</a> tribal nations and other eastern woodlands peoples have made <a href="/wiki/Plant_milk" title="Plant milk">nut milk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infant_formula" title="Infant formula">infant formula</a> made from nuts and cornmeal,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the Cherokee nation made <a href="/wiki/Kanuchi" title="Kanuchi">Kanuchi</a> soup from hickory nuts.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southeastern_Native_American_cuisine">Southeastern Native American cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Southeastern Native American cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeastern tribes">Southeastern Native American</a> culture has contributed to the formation of <a href="/wiki/Southern_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern cuisine">Southern cuisine</a> from its origins through the present day. From Southeastern Native American culture came one of the main staples of the Southern diet: <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a> (maize), either ground into meal or limed with an alkaline salt to make <a href="/wiki/Hominy" title="Hominy">hominy</a>, using a Native American technique known as <a href="/wiki/Nixtamalization" title="Nixtamalization">nixtamalization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Corn is used to make all kinds of dishes such as the familiar <a href="/wiki/Cornbread" title="Cornbread">cornbread</a> and grits. </p><p>Though a less important staple, <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a> were also adopted from Native American cuisine and have been used in many ways similar to corn. Native Americans introduced the first non-Native American Southerners to many other vegetables still familiar on southern tables. <a href="/wiki/Squash_(fruit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squash (fruit)">Squash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pumpkin" title="Pumpkin">pumpkin</a>, many types of <a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">beans</a>, many types of <a href="/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum">peppers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sassafras" title="Sassafras">sassafras</a> all came to the settlers via Indigenous peoples. The Virginia <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian</a> word <i>pawcohiccora</i> means <a href="/wiki/Carya_ovata" title="Carya ovata">hickory</a>-nut meat or a <a href="/wiki/Plant_milk" title="Plant milk">nut milk</a> drink made from it. </p><p>Many <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruits</a> are available in this region. <a href="/wiki/Muscadine" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscadine">Muscadines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blackberry" title="Blackberry">blackberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raspberry" title="Raspberry">raspberries</a>, and many other wild berries were part of Southern Native Americans' diet. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>To a far greater degree than anyone realizes, several of the most important food dishes of the Southeastern Indians live on today in the "soul food" eaten by both black and white Southerners. Hominy, for example, is still eaten ... Sofkee lives on as grits ... cornbread [is] used by Southern cooks ... Indian fritters ... variously known as "hoe cake", ... or "Johnny cake." ... Indians boiled cornbread is present in Southern cuisine as "corn meal dumplings", ... and as "hush puppies", ... Southerns cook their beans and field peas by boiling them, as did the Indians ... like the Indians they cure their meat and smoke it over hickory coals.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Charles Hudson, <i>The Southeastern Indians</i><sup id="cite_ref-c_hudson_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c_hudson-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Southeastern Native Americans traditionally supplement their diets with meats derived from the hunting of native game. <a href="/wiki/Venison" title="Venison">Venison</a> has always been an important meat staple, due to the abundance of <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_deer" title="White-tailed deer">white-tailed deer</a> in the area. <a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">Rabbits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squirrel" title="Squirrel">squirrels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opossum" title="Opossum">opossums</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">raccoons</a> are also common. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Livestock</a>, adopted from Europeans, in the form of <a href="/wiki/Hog_(swine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hog (swine)">hogs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a>, are also kept. Aside from the more commonly consumed parts of the animal, it is traditional to also eat organ meats such as <a href="/wiki/Liver_(food)" title="Liver (food)">liver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brain_as_food" title="Brain as food">brains</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Intestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestine">intestines</a>. Many of the early settlers were taught Southeastern Native American cooking methods. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Selected_dishes">Selected dishes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Selected dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornbread" title="Cornbread">Cornbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hominy" title="Hominy">Hominy</a>, coarsely ground corn used to make grits</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hushpuppy" title="Hushpuppy">Hush puppy</a>, small, savory, deep-fried round ball made from cornmeal-based batter</li> <li>Indian fritter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanuchi" title="Kanuchi">Kanuchi</a>, soup made from ground hickory nuts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livermush" title="Livermush">Livermush</a>, pig liver, parts of pig heads, cornmeal and spices</li> <li>Sofkee, corn soup or drink, sour<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Great_Plains_Native_American_cuisine">Great Plains Native American cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Great Plains Native American cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains and Canadian Prairies or <a href="/wiki/Plains_Indians" title="Plains Indians">Plains Indians</a> have historically relied heavily on <a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison</a> (American buffalo) as a staple food source. One traditional method of preparation is to cut the meat into thin slices then dry it, either over a slow fire or in the hot sun, until it is hard and brittle. In this form it can last for months, making it a main ingredient to be combined with other foods, or eaten on its own. </p><p>One such use could be <a href="/wiki/Pemmican" title="Pemmican">pemmican</a>, a concentrated mixture of fat and protein, and fruits such as <a href="/wiki/Vaccinium_macrocarpon" title="Vaccinium macrocarpon">cranberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amelanchier_alnifolia" title="Amelanchier alnifolia">Saskatoon berries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">blueberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prunus_virginiana" title="Prunus virginiana">chokecherries</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ribes" title="Ribes">currants</a> are sometimes added. Many parts of the bison were utilized and prepared in numerous ways, including: "boiled meat, tripe soup perhaps thickened with brains, roasted intestines, jerked/smoked meat, and raw kidneys, liver, tongue sprinkled with gall or bile were eaten immediately after a kill."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The animals that Great Plains Indians consumed, like bison, deer, and antelope, were grazing animals. Due to this, they were high in <a href="/wiki/Omega-3_fatty_acid" title="Omega-3 fatty acid">omega-3</a> fatty acids, an essential acid that many diets lack.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When asked to state traditional staple foods, a group of Plains elders identified prairie turnips (<i><a href="/wiki/Pediomelum_esculentum" title="Pediomelum esculentum">Pediomelum esculentum</a></i>, syn. <i>Psoralea esculenta</i>), called timpsula or tin'psila in the Lakota language group; fruits (<a href="/wiki/Prunus_virginiana" title="Prunus virginiana">chokecherries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amelanchier" title="Amelanchier">June berries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plums" class="mw-redirect" title="Plums">plums</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">blueberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaccinium_macrocarpon" title="Vaccinium macrocarpon">cranberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">strawberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shepherdia" title="Shepherdia">buffalo berries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gooseberry" title="Gooseberry">gooseberries</a>); <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cucurbita" title="Cucurbita">squash</a>; dried meats (<a href="/wiki/Venison" title="Venison">venison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bison" title="Bison">buffalo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackrabbit_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jackrabbit (disambiguation)">jack rabbit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tympanuchus" title="Tympanuchus">prairie chicken</a>); and <a href="/wiki/Wild_rice" title="Wild rice">wild rice</a> as being these staple foods.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"We landed at a Watlala village 200 men of Flatheads of 25 houses 50 canoes built of Straw, we were treated verry kindly by them, they gave us round root near the size of a hens egg roasted which they call Wap-to (wapato) to eate . . . . which they roasted in the embers until they became Soft" </p><p>—William Clark, Lewis and Clark Expedition </p><p>Wapato (<i><a href="/wiki/Sagittaria_latifolia" title="Sagittaria latifolia">Sagittaria latifolia</a></i>) has a number of varieties and is found growing in damp marsh area around ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams. The edible rhizomes were gathered and could be roasted in the embers of a fire, or dried, ground and the meal pressed into a cake which "served well as bread" as noted by Meriwether Lewis of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. They are known today as broadleaf arrowhead, arrowhead, duckroot, or duck-potato. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_Indigenous_cuisine">Western Indigenous cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Western Indigenous cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a>, traditional diets include salmon and other fish, seafood, mushrooms, berries, roots and tubers, and meats such as deer, duck, and rabbit. </p><p>In contrast to the Easterners, the Northwestern peoples are traditionally hunter-gatherers, primarily. The generally mild climate led to the development of an economy based on year-round abundant food supplies, rather than having to rely upon seasonal agriculture. Yet, Native American tribes of California still relied on storing food for winter seasons, which included "nuts, seeds, and dried meat and fish".<sup id="cite_ref-Popper_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popper-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since animals migrated, vegetation is seasonal, and also weather needs to be taken into account. </p><p>In what is now California, <a href="/wiki/Acorn" title="Acorn">acorns</a> can be ground into a flour that has at times served as the principal foodstuff for about 75 percent of the population,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and dried meats can be prepared during the dry season.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It seems that acorns and other nuts took priority among indigenous tribes because of the archaeological evidence of "mortars and pestles".<sup id="cite_ref-Hylkema_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hylkema-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grinding acorns requires a lot of resources and time to gather and process them. Which implies an area where location is more permanent. When it came to gathering acorns it took everyone in the tribe because within weeks they would become mature. There was communal participation when it came to obtaining food. Soups and bread were made from the grinding of acorns.<sup id="cite_ref-Popper_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popper-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>California like other parts of the states, and across the world goes through seasonal stages. Indigenous tribes along the California region were able to use "over 500 species of plants and animals for food".<sup id="cite_ref-Popper_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popper-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before contact with indigenous tribes and colonizers, there were vast resources for subsistence that were diverse among varying regions of California. </p><p>Archaeological methods suggest the use of flames and cutting materials altered bones from rodents.<sup id="cite_ref-Gifford-Gonzalez_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gifford-Gonzalez-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presence of rodent bones in Quiroste archaeological sites suggests that the Quiroste people ate rodents. The abundance of rodents may have made them a convenient food source. </p><p>Deer and seal bones are also found in indigenous communities.<sup id="cite_ref-Gifford-Gonzalez_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gifford-Gonzalez-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that the diet is varied, as seals are found near the coast and deer are found further inland. Indigenous tribes that were closer to inland would consume land-based animals, and those closer to the coast would consume more marine-based animals. </p><p>Other evidence is through the use of screening that found anchovies to be a source of food for indigenous people.<sup id="cite_ref-Gifford-Gonzalez_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gifford-Gonzalez-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is a valuable discovery because anchovies are difficult to come by due to their fragile bones. Indigenous cuisine is not limited to salmon as a primary source of protein. </p><p>Indigenous tribes were consuming the meat of shellfish with the implication of "bi-pitted cobbles".<sup id="cite_ref-Hylkema_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hylkema-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As cuisine differs between regions so do the tools used for obtaining those proteins. In this case, the meat of shellfish required stone tools to crack open the shells. Which can lead to eating more shellfish-based cuisines. </p><p>The consumption of marrow from animal bones is evident from archaeological analyses of "hand axes made from andesitic and quartzitic cobbles".<sup id="cite_ref-Hylkema_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hylkema-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Obtaining bone marrow from an animal requires both time and resources, as it is located in the center of the bone and requires extra effort to extract. When food requires extra effort to obtain, it is given more value. </p><p>The destruction of Native California was done by the missionaries taking over the indigenous land and clearing the environment for their own cultural foodways.<sup id="cite_ref-Zappia_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zappia-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This caused some indigenous tribes to become dependent on missionaries for survival. Archaeological evidence shows that some indigenous tribes were eating cattle because of the reliance they had on missionaries.<sup id="cite_ref-James_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although some tribes relied on the food from missionaries, they still hunted for their own food from the evidence of birds found that know to migrate to the area seasonally.<sup id="cite_ref-James_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although they were fed by missionaries, they required more food. That's when their own ways of foodways came into play for hunting and preparing the food they captured. </p><p>As previously mentioned there was a large variety of food available in California. However native tribes living along the confines of missionaries were only able to gather "wheat, maize, barley, and peach".<sup id="cite_ref-Popper_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popper-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That's if the surrounding areas were equipped to grow them. </p><p>Food not only played an important role in subsistence but also an important role in ceremonies especially to mourn someone's death.<sup id="cite_ref-James_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foods not only play an important role in survival but maintain cultural costumes and traditions going for personal and generational knowledge. </p><p>The preparation for making atole was done by toasting the wheat before it was granulated.<sup id="cite_ref-Popper_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popper-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While indigenous food may appear to be a thing of the past, there are still indigenous people who are keeping their traditions alive through modern cuisine. Crystal Wahpepah sees her kitchen as a way to promote indigenous "food sovereignty and the reclamation of ancestral knowledge".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southwestern_Indigenous_cuisine">Southwestern Indigenous cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Southwestern Indigenous cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloans" title="Ancestral Puebloans">Ancestral Puebloans</a> of the present-day Four Corners region of the United States, comprising <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, initially practiced subsistence agriculture by cultivating <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Beans">beans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squash_(fruit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squash (fruit)">squash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunflower_seed" title="Sunflower seed">sunflower seeds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pine_nuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Pine nuts">pine nuts</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Pinyon_pine" title="Pinyon pine">pinyon pine</a>, and game meat including <a href="/wiki/Venison" title="Venison">venison</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuniculture" title="Cuniculture">cuniculture</a>, and freshwater fish such as <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_cutthroat_trout" title="Rio Grande cutthroat trout">Rio Grande cutthroat trout</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_trout" title="Rainbow trout">rainbow trout</a> are also traditional foods in the region.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Ancestral Puebloans are also known for their basketry and pottery, indicating both an agricultural surplus that needed to be carried and stored, and clay pot cooking. Grinding stones have been used to grind maize into meal for cooking. Archaeological digs indicate a very early domestication of <a href="/wiki/Turkey_(bird)" title="Turkey (bird)">turkeys</a> for food.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican cuisine</a> is heavily rooted in both <a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico" title="Hispanos of New Mexico">Hispano</a> food traditions, and is a prevalent cuisine in the American Southwest, especially in <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The 2002 <i><a href="/wiki/Foods_of_the_Southwest_Indian_Nations" title="Foods of the Southwest Indian Nations">Foods of the Southwest Indian Nations</a></i> won a <a href="/wiki/James_Beard_Foundation_Award" title="James Beard Foundation Award">James Beard Award</a>, the first Native American cookbook so honored.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Publishers had told the author, <a href="/wiki/Lois_Ellen_Frank" title="Lois Ellen Frank">Lois Ellen Frank</a>, that there was no such thing as Native American cuisine.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alaska_Native_cuisine">Alaska Native cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Alaska Native cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> cuisine consists of nutrient-dense foods such as seal, fish (salmon), and moose. Along with these, berries (huckleberries) and bird eggs are traditionally consumed by Alaska Natives.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seal, walruses, and polar bears are the large game that Alaska Natives hunt. Smaller game includes whitefish, <a href="/wiki/Arctic_char" title="Arctic char">Arctic char</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arctic_hare" title="Arctic hare">Arctic hare</a>, and ptarmigan. </p><p>Due to weather, edible plants like berries are only available to be consumed in the summer, so people have a diet very high in fat and protein, but low in carbohydrates. </p><p>The game that is hunted is also used for clothing. The intestines of large mammals are used to make waterproof clothing and caribou fur is used to make warm clothing.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dishes">Dishes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skillet_cornbread_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Skillet_cornbread_1.jpg/220px-Skillet_cornbread_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Skillet_cornbread_1.jpg/330px-Skillet_cornbread_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Skillet_cornbread_1.jpg/440px-Skillet_cornbread_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1964" data-file-height="1068" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cornbread" title="Cornbread">Cornbread</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Succotash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Succotash.jpg/220px-Succotash.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Succotash.jpg/330px-Succotash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Succotash.jpg/440px-Succotash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Succotash" title="Succotash">Succotash</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drying_Salmon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Drying_Salmon.jpg/220px-Drying_Salmon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Drying_Salmon.jpg/330px-Drying_Salmon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Drying_Salmon.jpg/440px-Drying_Salmon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Drying <a href="/wiki/Salmon_as_food" title="Salmon as food">salmon</a> filets</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acorn" title="Acorn">Acorn</a> bread</li> <li>Acorn crepe <sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acorn_mush" class="mw-redirect" title="Acorn mush">Acorn mush</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Miwok" title="Miwok">Miwok</a> people<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akutaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Akutaq">Akutaq</a>, also called "Eskimo ice cream", made from caribou or moose tallow and meat, berries, seal oil, and sometimes fish, whipped together with snow or water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannock_(Indigenous_American_food)" title="Bannock (Indigenous American food)">Bannock</a>, is a type of <a href="/wiki/Frybread" title="Frybread">frybread</a> that is eaten equally in the Arctic, Plains, Sub-Arctic, and Pacific cultural areas</li> <li>Bean bread, made with corn meal and beans, popular among the <a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bird brain stew, from the <a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a> nation<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Black drink">Black drink</a> or <i>asi</i>, a Southeastern ceremonial drink made from the <a href="/wiki/Yaupon_holly" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaupon holly">yaupon holly</a></li> <li>Buffalo stew, from the Lakota and Cherokee people, also called <i>tanka-me-a-lo</i><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinook_olives" title="Chinook olives">Chinook olives</a>, a type of cured acorn eaten by the aboriginal people of the Columbia River Valley</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornbread" title="Cornbread">Cornbread</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corn_pone" class="mw-redirect" title="Corn pone">corn pone</a>—the word <i>pone</i> derives from the word for 'bread' in some <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages" title="Eastern Algonquian languages">Eastern Algonquian languages</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Powhatan_language" title="Powhatan language">Powhatan</a> <i>apon</i><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Unami_language" title="Unami language">Lenape</a> <i>ahpòn</i><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_meat" title="Dried meat">Dried meats</a> like <a href="/wiki/Jerky_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerky (food)">jerky</a> and smoked <a href="/wiki/Salmon_as_food" title="Salmon as food">salmon</a> strips</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fil%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Filé">Filé</a> powder, made from sassafras leaves, used by the <a href="/wiki/Choctaw" title="Choctaw">Choctaw</a> for flavoring and thickening soups and stews as well as for herbal medicine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frybread" title="Frybread">Frybread</a>, a dish made from ingredients distributed to Native Americans living on <a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_chili_stew" class="mw-redirect" title="Green chili stew">Green chili stew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Hopi tea">Hopi tea</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">herbal tea</a> made from <i><a href="/wiki/Thelesperma_megapotamicum" title="Thelesperma megapotamicum">Thelesperma megapotamicum</a></i></li> <li><i>Lu'sknikn</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq" title="Mi'kmaq">Mi'kmaq</a> form of Bannock.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mutton stew, from the Navajo people</li> <li><i>Nokake</i>, <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_peoples" title="Algonquian peoples">Algonquian</a> <a href="/wiki/Hoecake" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoecake">hoecakes</a>, made of cornmeal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_milk" title="Plant milk">Nut milk</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Wabanaki_Confederacy" title="Wabanaki Confederacy">Wabanaki</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemmican" title="Pemmican">Pemmican</a>, a concentrated food consisting of dried pulverized meat, dried berries, and rendered fat.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pemmican_Ball.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pemmican_Ball.jpg/227px-Pemmican_Ball.jpg" decoding="async" width="227" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pemmican_Ball.jpg/341px-Pemmican_Ball.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pemmican_Ball.jpg/454px-Pemmican_Ball.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Pemmican Ball</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piki_bread" class="mw-redirect" title="Piki bread">Piki bread</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi">Hopi</a> people</li> <li><i>Psindamoakan</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a> hunter's food made of parched cornmeal mixed with maple sugar</li> <li>Pueblo bread<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salted_fish" title="Salted fish">Salted salmon</a>, an Inuit dish of brined <a href="/wiki/Salmon_as_food" title="Salmon as food">salmon</a> in a heavy concentration of salt water, left for months to soak up salts</li> <li><i>Sapan</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈsaːpːʌn]</a></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cornmeal_mush" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornmeal mush">cornmeal mush</a>, a staple of Lenape cuisine</li> <li>Stink fish, an Inuit dish of dried fish, kept underground until ripe, for later consumption; also done with fish heads</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succotash" title="Succotash">Succotash</a>, a dish of beans and corn</li> <li>Sumac lemonade,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a Native American beverage made from <a href="/wiki/Sumac" title="Sumac">sumac</a> berries</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiswin" title="Tiswin">Tiswin</a></i>, a term used for several <a href="/wiki/Fermented_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermented beverage">fermented beverages</a> in the Southwest, including a corn or fruit beer of the <a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Saguaro" title="Saguaro">saguaro</a> fruit beer of the <a href="/wiki/Tohono_O%27odham" class="mw-redirect" title="Tohono O'odham">Tohono O'odham</a></li> <li>Walrus flipper soup, an Inuit dish made from <a href="/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">walrus</a> flippers</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wojapi" class="mw-redirect" title="Wojapi">Wojapi</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Plains_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Plains Indian">Plains Indian</a> pudding of mashed, cooked berries</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restaurants">Restaurants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Restaurants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albuquerque_--_Indian_Pueblo_Kitchen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Indian Pueblo Kitchen (Albuquerque, NM)"><img alt="Indian Pueblo Kitchen (Albuquerque, NM)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Albuquerque_--_Indian_Pueblo_Kitchen.jpg/160px-Albuquerque_--_Indian_Pueblo_Kitchen.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Albuquerque_--_Indian_Pueblo_Kitchen.jpg/240px-Albuquerque_--_Indian_Pueblo_Kitchen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Albuquerque_--_Indian_Pueblo_Kitchen.jpg/320px-Albuquerque_--_Indian_Pueblo_Kitchen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Indian Pueblo Kitchen (Albuquerque, NM) </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Fry_Bread_Taco.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tocabe (Denver, CO)"><img alt="Tocabe (Denver, CO)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Indian_Fry_Bread_Taco.jpg/160px-Indian_Fry_Bread_Taco.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Indian_Fry_Bread_Taco.jpg/240px-Indian_Fry_Bread_Taco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Indian_Fry_Bread_Taco.jpg/320px-Indian_Fry_Bread_Taco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tocabe (Denver, CO)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian_cafe_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mitsitam Native Foods Café (Washington, D.C.)"><img alt="Mitsitam Native Foods Café (Washington, D.C.)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian_cafe_5.jpg/160px-National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian_cafe_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian_cafe_5.jpg/240px-National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian_cafe_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian_cafe_5.jpg/320px-National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian_cafe_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="1624" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mitsitam Native Foods Café (Washington, D.C.)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:You_Are_On_Native_Land_neon_sign_at_Owamni_by_The_Sioux_Chef_in_Minneapolis,_Minnesota.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Owamni (Minneapolis, MN)"><img alt="Owamni (Minneapolis, MN)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/You_Are_On_Native_Land_neon_sign_at_Owamni_by_The_Sioux_Chef_in_Minneapolis%2C_Minnesota.jpg/160px-You_Are_On_Native_Land_neon_sign_at_Owamni_by_The_Sioux_Chef_in_Minneapolis%2C_Minnesota.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/You_Are_On_Native_Land_neon_sign_at_Owamni_by_The_Sioux_Chef_in_Minneapolis%2C_Minnesota.jpg/240px-You_Are_On_Native_Land_neon_sign_at_Owamni_by_The_Sioux_Chef_in_Minneapolis%2C_Minnesota.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/You_Are_On_Native_Land_neon_sign_at_Owamni_by_The_Sioux_Chef_in_Minneapolis%2C_Minnesota.jpg/320px-You_Are_On_Native_Land_neon_sign_at_Owamni_by_The_Sioux_Chef_in_Minneapolis%2C_Minnesota.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Owamni" title="Owamni">Owamni</a> (Minneapolis, MN)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Sisters_Saute_at_Thirty_Nine_Restaurant_at_First_Americans_Museum_Oklahoma_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thirty Nine Restaurant (Oklahoma City, OK)"><img alt="Thirty Nine Restaurant (Oklahoma City, OK)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Three_Sisters_Saute_at_Thirty_Nine_Restaurant_at_First_Americans_Museum_Oklahoma_City.jpg/160px-Three_Sisters_Saute_at_Thirty_Nine_Restaurant_at_First_Americans_Museum_Oklahoma_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Three_Sisters_Saute_at_Thirty_Nine_Restaurant_at_First_Americans_Museum_Oklahoma_City.jpg/240px-Three_Sisters_Saute_at_Thirty_Nine_Restaurant_at_First_Americans_Museum_Oklahoma_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Three_Sisters_Saute_at_Thirty_Nine_Restaurant_at_First_Americans_Museum_Oklahoma_City.jpg/320px-Three_Sisters_Saute_at_Thirty_Nine_Restaurant_at_First_Americans_Museum_Oklahoma_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="549" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Thirty Nine Restaurant (Oklahoma City, OK)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vincent_Medina_at_Cafe_Ohlone_in_Berkeley,_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cafe Ohlone (Berkeley, CA)"><img alt="Cafe Ohlone (Berkeley, CA)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Vincent_Medina_at_Cafe_Ohlone_in_Berkeley%2C_2020.jpg/106px-Vincent_Medina_at_Cafe_Ohlone_in_Berkeley%2C_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Vincent_Medina_at_Cafe_Ohlone_in_Berkeley%2C_2020.jpg/160px-Vincent_Medina_at_Cafe_Ohlone_in_Berkeley%2C_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Vincent_Medina_at_Cafe_Ohlone_in_Berkeley%2C_2020.jpg/213px-Vincent_Medina_at_Cafe_Ohlone_in_Berkeley%2C_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cafe_Ohlone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cafe Ohlone (page does not exist)">Cafe Ohlone</a> (Berkeley, CA)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Matsunaga-2017-red-ink-bison-6820_(27121055349).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Café Gozhóó (Whiteriver, Navajo County, AZ)"><img alt="Café Gozhóó (Whiteriver, Navajo County, AZ)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Matsunaga-2017-red-ink-bison-6820_%2827121055349%29.jpg/160px-Matsunaga-2017-red-ink-bison-6820_%2827121055349%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Matsunaga-2017-red-ink-bison-6820_%2827121055349%29.jpg/240px-Matsunaga-2017-red-ink-bison-6820_%2827121055349%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Matsunaga-2017-red-ink-bison-6820_%2827121055349%29.jpg/320px-Matsunaga-2017-red-ink-bison-6820_%2827121055349%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Café Gozhóó (Whiteriver, Navajo County, AZ)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Circum-Caribbean">Indigenous cuisine of the Circum-Caribbean</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Indigenous cuisine of the Circum-Caribbean"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerk_chicken_plate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Jerk_chicken_plate.jpg/220px-Jerk_chicken_plate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Jerk_chicken_plate.jpg/330px-Jerk_chicken_plate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Jerk_chicken_plate.jpg/440px-Jerk_chicken_plate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jerk_chicken" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerk chicken">Jerk chicken</a> with <a href="/wiki/Plantain_(cooking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantain (cooking)">plaintains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a> biscuit</figcaption></figure> <p>This region comprises the cultures of the <a href="/wiki/Arawaks" class="mw-redirect" title="Arawaks">Arawaks</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Island_Caribs" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Caribs">Caribs</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ciboney" title="Ciboney">Ciboney</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Taíno people">Taíno</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Antilles" title="Greater Antilles">Greater Antilles</a> were the first <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> people to encounter Columbus. Prior to European contact, these groups foraged, hunted, and fished. The Taíno cultivated <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">sweet potato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">beans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squash_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squash (plant)">squash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">peanut</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum">peppers</a>. Today these cultural groups have mostly assimilated into the surrounding population, but their culinary legacy lives on. </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ajiaco" title="Ajiaco">Ajiaco</a></i>, same as pepperpot, a soup believed to have originated in Cuba before Columbus' arrival. The soup mixes a variety of meats, tubers, and peppers.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barbacoa" title="Barbacoa">Barbacoa</a></i>, the origin of the English word <a href="/wiki/Barbecue" title="Barbecue">barbecue</a>, a method of slow-grilling meat over a fire pit.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_jerk_spice" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaican jerk spice">Jerk</a>, a style of cooking meat that originated with the Taíno of <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>. Meat was applied with a dry rub of <a href="/wiki/Allspice" title="Allspice">allspice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotch_bonnet_pepper" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotch bonnet pepper">Scotch bonnet pepper</a>, and perhaps additional spices, before being smoked over fire or wood charcoal.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Casabe" class="mw-redirect" title="Casabe">Casabe</a></i>, a crispy, thin flatbread made from cassava root widespread in the Pre-Columbian Caribbean and Amazonia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bammy" title="Bammy">Bammy</a>, a Jamaican bread made from cassava and water, today this bread is fried and made with coconut milk.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guanime" title="Guanime">Guanime</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a> food similar to the <a href="/wiki/Tamale" title="Tamale">tamale</a>; made with cornmeal or cornmeal and mashed cassave together.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pasteles" title="Pasteles">Pasteles</a></i>, a dish that may have also been called <i><a href="/wiki/Hallaca" title="Hallaca">hallaca</a></i> and originated from Puerto Rico. <i>Pasteles</i> were once made with cassava and <a href="/wiki/Xanthosoma" title="Xanthosoma">taro</a> mashed into a <i><a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masa</a></i> onto a taro leaf. They are then stuffed with meat and wrapped.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Funche" class="mw-redirect" title="Funche">Funche</a></i> or <i>fungi</i>, a cornmeal mush.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cassareep" title="Cassareep">Cassareep</a></i>, a sauce, condiment, or thickening agent made by boiling down the extracted juices of bitter cassava root.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mama_Juana" title="Mama Juana">Mama Juana</a>, a tea made in <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a> (Dominican Republic and Haiti).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana_pepperpot" class="mw-redirect" title="Guyana pepperpot">Pepperpot</a>, a spicy stew of Taíno origin based on meat, vegetables, chili peppers, and boiled-down cassava juice, with a legacy stretching from <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> coast and to <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Bush tea">Bush teas</a>, popular as herbal remedies in the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands" title="Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a> and other parts of the Caribbean, often derived from indigenous sources, such as ginger thomas, <a href="/wiki/Soursop" title="Soursop">soursop</a>, inflammation bush, <i><a href="/wiki/Spanish_lime" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish lime">kenip</a>,</i> wormgrass, worry wine, and many other leaves, barks, and herbs.</li> <li><i>Ouicou</i>, a fermented, cassava-based beer brewed by the Caribs of the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomalley" title="Tomalley">Taumali</a> or taumalin, a Carib sauce made from the green liver meat of lobsters, chile pepper, and lime juice.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indigenous_cuisine_of_Mesoamerica">Indigenous cuisine of Mesoamerica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Indigenous cuisine of Mesoamerica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tamales.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Tamales.jpg/220px-Tamales.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Tamales.jpg/330px-Tamales.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Tamales.jpg/440px-Tamales.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1799" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Tamales</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pupusas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pupusas.jpg/220px-Pupusas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pupusas.jpg/330px-Pupusas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pupusas.jpg/440px-Pupusas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1852" data-file-height="1744" /></a><figcaption>Pupusas</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Aztec_cuisine" title="Aztec cuisine">Aztec cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maya_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya cuisine">Maya cuisine</a></div> <p>The pre-<a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">conquest</a> cuisine of the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a> made a major contribution to shaping modern-day <a href="/wiki/Mexican_cuisine" title="Mexican cuisine">Mexican cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belizean_cuisine" title="Belizean cuisine">Belizean cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_cuisine" title="Salvadoran cuisine">Salvadoran cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honduran_cuisine" title="Honduran cuisine">Honduran cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_cuisine" title="Guatemalan cuisine">Guatemalan cuisine</a>. The cultures involved included the <a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olmec" class="mw-redirect" title="Olmec">Olmec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pipil_people" title="Pipil people">Pipil</a> and many more (see the <a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-Columbian_civilizations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of pre-Columbian civilizations">List of pre-Columbian civilizations</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Some_known_dishes">Some known dishes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Some known dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranth" title="Amaranth">Alegría</a></i>, a candy made from puffed amaranth and boiled-down <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a> or <a href="/wiki/Agave_americana" title="Agave americana">maguey</a> sap, in ancient times formed into the shapes of <a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztec</a> gods</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balch%C3%A9" title="Balché">Balché</a></i>, Mayan fermented honey drink</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Champurrado" title="Champurrado">Champurrado</a></i>, a chocolate drink<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_tortilla" title="Corn tortilla">Corn tortillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guacamole" title="Guacamole">Guacamole</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Huarache_(food)" title="Huarache (food)">Huarache</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mezcal" title="Mezcal">Mezcal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mole_(sauce)" title="Mole (sauce)">Mole</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pejelagarto" class="mw-redirect" title="Pejelagarto">Pejelagarto</a></i>, a fish with an alligator-like head seasoned with amashito chile and lime <sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (January 2015)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozole" title="Pozole">Pozole</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pulque" title="Pulque">Pulque</a></i> or <i>octli</i>, an alcoholic beverage of fermented <a href="/wiki/Agave_americana" title="Agave americana">maguey</a> juice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pupusa" title="Pupusa">Pupusas</a>, thick cornmeal flatbread from the <a href="/wiki/Pipil_people" title="Pipil people">Pipil</a> culture of <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_(sauce)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salsa (sauce)">Salsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taco" title="Taco">Tacos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamale" title="Tamale">Tamales</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tepache" title="Tepache">Tepache</a></i>, pineapple beer</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tlacoyo" title="Tlacoyo">Tlacoyos</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Gordita" title="Gordita">gordita</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Words_of_Nahuatl_origin#Words_from_Nahuatl" class="mw-redirect" title="Words of Nahuatl origin">Xocolātl</a></i></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indigenous_cuisine_of_South_America">Indigenous cuisine of South America</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Indigenous cuisine of South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roast_Guinea_Pig.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Roast_Guinea_Pig.jpg/220px-Roast_Guinea_Pig.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Roast_Guinea_Pig.jpg/330px-Roast_Guinea_Pig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Roast_Guinea_Pig.jpg/440px-Roast_Guinea_Pig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Roast <a href="/wiki/Guinea_pig" title="Guinea pig">guinea pig</a> (<i>cuy</i>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceviche_del_Per%C3%BA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ceviche_del_Per%C3%BA.jpg/220px-Ceviche_del_Per%C3%BA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ceviche_del_Per%C3%BA.jpg/330px-Ceviche_del_Per%C3%BA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ceviche_del_Per%C3%BA.jpg/440px-Ceviche_del_Per%C3%BA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2426" data-file-height="1760" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ceviche" title="Ceviche">Ceviche</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arepa_asada.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Arepa_asada.JPG/220px-Arepa_asada.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Arepa_asada.JPG/330px-Arepa_asada.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Arepa_asada.JPG/440px-Arepa_asada.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Cheese-filled <i><a href="/wiki/Arepa" title="Arepa">arepa</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pao_de_queijo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Pao_de_queijo.jpg/220px-Pao_de_queijo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Pao_de_queijo.jpg/330px-Pao_de_queijo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Pao_de_queijo.jpg/440px-Pao_de_queijo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1261" data-file-height="1159" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Chipa" title="Chipa">Chipa</a></i>, cheese bread</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Andean_cultures">Andean cultures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Andean cultures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Inca_cuisine" title="Inca cuisine">Inca cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muisca_cuisine" title="Muisca cuisine">Muisca cuisine</a></div> <p>This currently includes recipes known from the <a href="/wiki/Quechua_people" title="Quechua people">Quechua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aymara_people" title="Aymara people">Aymara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nazca_culture" title="Nazca culture">Nazca</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guinea_pig" title="Guinea pig">Grilled guinea pig</a>, a native to most of the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a> region, this small rodent has been cultivated for at least 4000 years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_green_tomatoes_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fried green tomatoes (food)">Fried green tomatoes</a>, a nightshade relative native to <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha" title="Chicha"><i>Saraiaka</i></a>, a corn liquor.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chicha" title="Chicha">Chicha</a></i>, a generic name for any number of Indigenous beers found in South America. Though <i>chichas</i> made from various types of corn are the most common in the Andes, <i>chicha</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Basin">Amazon Basin</a> frequently use <a href="/wiki/Manioc" class="mw-redirect" title="Manioc">manioc</a>. Variations found throughout the continent can be based on <a href="/wiki/Amaranth" title="Amaranth">amaranth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">quinoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">peanut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coca" title="Coca">coca</a>, and many other ingredients.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chicha_morada" title="Chicha morada">Chicha morada</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Peruvian" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian">Peruvian</a>, sweet, unfermented drink made from purple corn, fruits, and spices.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colada_morada" title="Colada morada">Colada morada</a></i>, a thickened, spiced fruit drink based on the <a href="/wiki/Rubus_glaucus" title="Rubus glaucus">Andean blackberry</a>, traditional to the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Dead" title="Day of the Dead">Day of the Dead</a> ceremonies held in <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, it is typically served with <i><a href="/wiki/Guagua_de_pan" class="mw-redirect" title="Guagua de pan">guagua de pan</a></i>, a bread shaped like a swaddled infant (formerly made from <a href="/wiki/Cornmeal" title="Cornmeal">cornmeal</a> in Pre-Columbian times), though other shapes can be found in various regions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">Quinoa</a> <a href="/wiki/Porridge" title="Porridge">porridge</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charqui" class="mw-redirect" title="Charqui"><i>Ch'arki</i></a>, a type of dried meat.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humita" title="Humita"><i>Humitas</i></a>, similar to modern-day <i><a href="/wiki/Tamales" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamales">tamales</a></i>, a thick mixture of corn, herbs and onion, cooked in a corn-leaf wrapping. The name is modern, meaning bow-tie, because of the shape in which it's wrapped.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Locro" title="Locro">Locro</a></i> (from the Quechua <i>ruqru</i>) is a hearty thick stew popular along the Andes mountain range. It is one of the national dishes of Argentina and Bolivia.</li> <li><i>Mazamorra morada</i>, a thick, sweet pudding made from ground purple corn and fruit. Sold in mix form in Peru.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mate_de_coca" class="mw-redirect" title="Mate de coca">Mate de coca</a></i>, a Peruvian tea made from steeped <a href="/wiki/Coca_leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Coca leaves">coca leaves</a>. It is commonly sipped by Indigenous people living at high altitudes in the Andes to prevent elevation illnesses.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pachamanca" title="Pachamanca">Pachamanca</a></i>, stew cooked in a <i>hautía</i> oven.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_a_la_huanca%C3%ADna" title="Papa a la huancaína"><i>Papa a la Huancaína</i></a>, Peruvian potatoes covered in a spicy, peanut-based sauce called <i>Huancaína</i> (Wan-ka-EE-na) sauce.</li> <li><i>Patasca</i>, spicy stew made from boiled maize, potatoes, and dried meat.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ceviche" title="Ceviche">Ceviche</a></i>, raw fish marinated in lime juice. One of <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>'s national dishes.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cancha" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancha">Cancha</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Tostada_(tortilla)" title="Tostada (tortilla)"><i>tostada</i></a>, fried golden <a href="/wiki/Hominy" title="Hominy">hominy</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Llajwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Llajwa">Llajwa</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Salsa_(sauce)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salsa (sauce)">salsa</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llapingacho" title="Llapingacho"><i>Llapingachos</i></a>, mashed-potato cakes from <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tocosh" title="Tocosh">Tocosh</a></i> (<i>togosh</i>), a traditional Quechua food prepared from fermented potato pulp.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_South_American_cultures">Other South American cultures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other South American cultures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta"><i>Angu</i></a>, an Indigenous Brazilian type of corn mush.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arepa" title="Arepa">Arepa</a></i>, a maize-based bread originating from the Indigenous peoples of <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vori_vori" title="Vori vori">Vori vori</a></i>, a Paraguayan soup with cornmeal dumplings.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cauim" title="Cauim">Cauim</a></i>, a fermented beverage based on maize or <a href="/wiki/Manioc" class="mw-redirect" title="Manioc">manioc</a> broken down by the enzymes of human saliva, traditional to the <a href="/wiki/Tupinamb%C3%A1_people" title="Tupinambá people">Tupinambá</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous peoples of Brazil">indigenous peoples of Brazil</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chipa" title="Chipa">Chipa</a></i>, a wide variety of corn flour or <a href="/wiki/Manioc" class="mw-redirect" title="Manioc">manioc</a>-based breads traditional to <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Curanto" title="Curanto">Curanto</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Chilean_cuisine" title="Chilean cuisine">Chilean</a> stew cooked in an earthen oven originally from the <a href="/wiki/Chono_people" title="Chono people">Chono</a> people of <a href="/wiki/Chilo%C3%A9_Island" title="Chiloé Island">Chiloé Island</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazamorra" title="Mazamorra"><i>Kaguyjy</i></a>, a Guarani-derived <i><a href="/wiki/Locro" title="Locro">locro</a></i> corn mush that become part of the national Paraguayan cuisine.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kiveve" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiveve">Kiveve</a></i>, a sweet or savory dish from Paraguay consisting of puréed pumpkin and other ingredients cooked over a fire.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lampreado" title="Lampreado">Lampreado</a></i> or <i>payaguá mascada</i>, a starchy, manioc-based fried cake from Paraguay and the northeast of <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lapacho" title="Lapacho">Lapacho</a></i> or <i>taheebo</i>, a medicinal tree-bark infusion.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mani%C3%A7oba" title="Maniçoba">Maniçoba</a></i>, dish of boiled manioc leaves and smoked meat indigenous to the Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Basin">Amazon</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mate_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mate (beverage)"><i>Mate</i> (beverage)</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mbeju" title="Mbeju">Mbeju</a></i>, a pan-cooked cake utilizing manioc starch.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Merken" class="mw-redirect" title="Merken">Merken</a></i>, an <i>ají</i> powder from the <a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuche</a> of <a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mocot%C3%B3" title="Mocotó">Mocotó</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_cuisine" title="Brazilian cuisine">Brazilian</a> stew with cow's feet, beans, and vegetables.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moqueca" title="Moqueca">Moqueca</a></i>, a Brazilian seafood stew.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%A7oca" title="Paçoca">Paçoca</a></i>, from the Tupi "to crumble," describes two different dishes of pulverized ingredients: one with peanuts and sugar, and the other with dried meat, ground manioc, and onion.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pamonha" title="Pamonha">Pamonha</a></i>, a Brazilian <i><a href="/wiki/Tamale" title="Tamale">tamale</a></i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pira_caldo" title="Pira caldo">Pira caldo</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguayan</a> fish soup.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sopa_paraguaya" title="Sopa paraguaya">Sopa paraguaya</a></i>, a corn-flour casserole esteemed as the national dish of Paraguay, related to <i><a href="/wiki/Chipa_guasu" title="Chipa guasu">chipa guasu</a>.</i></li> <li><i>Soyo</i>, shortened from the Guarani name <i>so’o josopy</i>, a Paraguayan soup based on meat crushed in a mortar.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tacac%C3%A1" title="Tacacá">Tacacá</a></i>, a Brazilian stew of <i><a href="/wiki/Tucupi" title="Tucupi">tucupi</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Paracress" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracress"><i>jambu</i></a> leaves, and shrimp, typically served in a dried gourd.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Terer%C3%A9" title="Tereré">Tereré</a></i> or <i>ka'ay</i>, a cold-brewed version of <i><a href="/wiki/Yerba_mate" class="mw-redirect" title="Yerba mate">yerba mate</a></i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tucupi" title="Tucupi">Tucupi</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Manioc" class="mw-redirect" title="Manioc">manioc</a>-based broth used in Brazilian dishes such as <i><a href="/wiki/Pato_no_tucupi" title="Pato no tucupi">pato no tucupi</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tacac%C3%A1" title="Tacacá">tacacá</a></i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yerba_mate" class="mw-redirect" title="Yerba mate">Yerba mate</a></i>, a tea made from the holly of the same name, derived from <a href="/wiki/Guarani_language" title="Guarani language">Guaraní</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cooking_utensils">Cooking utensils</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Cooking utensils"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metate-NPS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Metate-NPS.jpg/220px-Metate-NPS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Metate-NPS.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption><i>Metate</i> and <i>mano</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest utensils, including bowls, knives, spoons, grinders, and griddles, were made from all kinds of materials, such as rock and animal bone. Gourds were also initially cultivated, hollowed, and dried to be used as bowls, spoons, ladles, and storage containers. </p><p>Many Indigenous cultures also developed elaborate ceramics for making bowls and cooking pots, and basketry for making containers. Nobility in the Andean and Mesoamerican civilizations were even known to have utensils and vessels smelted from gold, silver, copper, or other minerals. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batan_(stone)" title="Batan (stone)"><i>Batan</i></a>, an Andean grinding slab used in conjunction with a small stone <i>uña</i></li> <li><i>Burén</i>, a clay griddle used by the <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Taíno people">Taíno</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comal_(cookware)" title="Comal (cookware)"><i>Comal</i></a>, a griddle used since <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Columbian">pre-Columbian</a> times in Mexico and Central America for a variety of purposes, especially to cook tortillas.</li> <li><i>Cuia</i>, a gourd used for drinking mate in South America.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metate" title="Metate">Metate</a></i>, a stone grinding slab used with a stone <i>mano</i> or <i>metlapil</i> to process meal in Mesoamerica and one of the most notable Pre-Columbian artifacts in <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molinillo_(whisk)" title="Molinillo (whisk)"><i>Molinillo</i></a>, a device used by Mesoamerican royalty for frothing cacao drinks.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Molcajete" title="Molcajete">Molcajete</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a> stone bowl, used with a <i>tejolote</i> to grind ingredients as a Mesoamerican form of <a href="/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">mortar and pestle</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paila" title="Paila">Paila</a></i>, an Andean earthenware bowl.</li> <li>Cooking baskets were woven from a variety of local fibers and sometimes coated with clay to improve durability. The notable thing about basket cooking and some native clay pot cooking is that the heat source, i.e. hot stones or charcoal, is used inside the utensil rather than outside. (Also see <a href="/wiki/Cookware_and_bakeware" title="Cookware and bakeware">Cookware and bakeware</a>.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crops_and_ingredients">Crops and ingredients</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Crops and ingredients"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russet_potato_cultivar_with_sprouts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Russet_potato_cultivar_with_sprouts.jpg/220px-Russet_potato_cultivar_with_sprouts.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Russet_potato_cultivar_with_sprouts.jpg/330px-Russet_potato_cultivar_with_sprouts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Russet_potato_cultivar_with_sprouts.jpg/440px-Russet_potato_cultivar_with_sprouts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4378" data-file-height="2211" /></a><figcaption>A russet <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potato</a> with sprouts</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mesquite1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mesquite1.jpg/220px-Mesquite1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Mesquite1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="166" /></a><figcaption>The bean pods of the <a href="/wiki/Mesquite" title="Mesquite">mesquite</a> (above) can be dried and ground into flour, adding a sweet, nutty taste to breads</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maple_syrup_bucket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Maple_syrup_bucket.jpg/220px-Maple_syrup_bucket.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Maple_syrup_bucket.jpg/330px-Maple_syrup_bucket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Maple_syrup_bucket.jpg/440px-Maple_syrup_bucket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup" title="Maple syrup">maple syrup</a> tap</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pumpkins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pumpkins.jpg/220px-Pumpkins.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pumpkins.jpg/330px-Pumpkins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pumpkins.jpg/440px-Pumpkins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Several large <a href="/wiki/Pumpkin" title="Pumpkin">pumpkins</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Acorns_in_Scotland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Acorns_in_Scotland.jpg/220px-Acorns_in_Scotland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Acorns_in_Scotland.jpg/330px-Acorns_in_Scotland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Acorns_in_Scotland.jpg/440px-Acorns_in_Scotland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Acorn" title="Acorn">Acorns</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sessile_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Sessile oak">sessile oak</a>. The acorn, or oak nut, is the nut of the oaks and their close relatives (genera <i>Quercus</i> and <i>Lithocarpus</i>, in the family Fagaceae).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plant-based_foods">Plant-based foods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Plant-based foods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acorn" title="Acorn">Acorn</a>, used to make flour and fertilizers for plants</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canna_indica" title="Canna indica"><i>Achira</i></a>, edible tubercule</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achiote" class="mw-redirect" title="Achiote">Achiote</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Annatto" title="Annatto">annatto</a> seed, seasoning</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acuyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Acuyo">Acuyo</a></i>, seasoning</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agarita" class="mw-redirect" title="Agarita">Agarita</a></i>, berries</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agave_nectar" class="mw-redirect" title="Agave nectar">Agave nectar</a>, sweetener</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allspice" title="Allspice">Allspice</a>, seasoning</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaranth" title="Amaranth">Amaranth</a>, grain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_chestnut" title="American chestnut">American chestnut</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eugenia_stipitata" title="Eugenia stipitata">Arazá</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelumbo_lutea" title="Nelumbo lutea">American lotus</a>, seeds and root, leaves for baking coverings</li> <li><i>Amole</i>, can include <i><a href="/wiki/Chlorogalum" title="Chlorogalum">Chlorogalum</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Agave_schottii" title="Agave schottii">Agave schottii</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspen" title="Aspen">Aspen</a>, inner bark and sap, used as sweetener)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avocado" title="Avocado">Avocado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados_cherry" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbados cherry">Barbados cherry</a> or acerola</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">Beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Bear grass">Bear grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callicarpa" title="Callicarpa">Beautyberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">Beech nuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">Birch</a> bark</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_syrup" title="Birch syrup">Birch syrup</a>, sweetener</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitterroot" title="Bitterroot">Bitterroot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackberry" title="Blackberry">Blackberries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achyrachaena" title="Achyrachaena">Blow wife seeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">Blueberries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maclura_pomifera" title="Maclura pomifera">Bodark</a> seeds, also called Osage orange, hedge apple, monkeybrain<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_polifolia" title="Andromeda polifolia">Bog rosemary</a>, poisonous but leaves can be brewed into tea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acer_negundo" title="Acer negundo">Box elder</a>, inner bark (used as sweetener)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesculus_flava" title="Aesculus flava">Buckeye</a>, nuts can be eaten after they are removed and roasted to remove tannins</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butia_odorata" title="Butia odorata">Butia</a>, palm fruits from South America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucurbita_foetidissima" title="Cucurbita foetidissima">Buffalo gourd</a>, wild ancestor of all squash/pumpkin<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicyos_angulatus" title="Sicyos angulatus">Bur cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocoa mass">Cacao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cactus" title="Cactus">Cactus</a> (various species), fruits and young pads (see <a href="/wiki/Nopales" class="mw-redirect" title="Nopales">nopales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eschscholzia_californica" title="Eschscholzia californica">California poppy</a> seeds (There are eastern American poppies also, but they are believed to have always been so rare, inclusion in the human diet is highly unlikely)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camassia" title="Camassia">Camas</a> root</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canellaceae" title="Canellaceae">Canella winterana</a>, white cinnamon (used as a seasoning before cinnamon was imported to the Americas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">Cashew</a>, nuts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">Cassava</a>, South America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattail" class="mw-redirect" title="Cattail">Cattails</a>, roots, pollen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Century plant">Century plant</a> (<a href="/wiki/Agave_parryi" title="Agave parryi">mescal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Agave" title="Agave">agave</a>)—crowns (<a href="/wiki/Tuberous" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuberous">tuberous</a> base portion) and <a href="/wiki/Shoot_(botany)" title="Shoot (botany)">shoots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chia_seed" title="Chia seed">Chia seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicle" title="Chicle">Chicle</a>, chewing gum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili peppers</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">bell peppers</a>)—seasoning</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherimoya" title="Cherimoya">Cherimoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokecherry" class="mw-redirect" title="Chokecherry">Chokecherries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cylindropuntia" title="Cylindropuntia">Cholla</a> fruits</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca" title="Coca">Coca</a>, Andes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracleum_maximum" title="Heracleum maximum">Cow parsnip</a> root</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranberry" title="Cranberry">Cranberries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empetrum_nigrum" title="Empetrum nigrum">Crowberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culantro" class="mw-redirect" title="Culantro">Culantro</a>, used as a seasoning before <a href="/wiki/Cilantro" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilantro">cilantro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribes" title="Ribes">Currants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custard-apple" class="mw-redirect" title="Custard-apple">Custard-apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taraxacum" title="Taraxacum">Dandelion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datil_pepper" title="Datil pepper">Datil</a>, fruit and flowers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proboscidea_(plant)" title="Proboscidea (plant)">Devil's claw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewberry" title="Dewberry">Dewberry</a></li> <li>Dropseed grasses (various varieties), seeds</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantago" title="Plantago">Dwarf plantain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercis_canadensis" title="Cercis canadensis">Eastern redbud</a>, flowers as spice, fruit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquilegia_canadensis" title="Aquilegia canadensis">Eastern red columbine</a>, nectar only</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elderberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Elderberry">Elderberries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Emory oak">Emory oak</a>, acorns</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epazote" class="mw-redirect" title="Epazote">Epazote</a>, seasoning</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feijoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Feijoa">Feijoa</a>, fruit from South America</li> <li>Ferns (various edible species, such as <a href="/wiki/Fiddlehead_fern" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiddlehead fern">Fiddlehead fern</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaylussacia_baccata" title="Gaylussacia baccata">Gaylussacias</a> or black <a href="/wiki/Huckleberry" title="Huckleberry">huckleberry</a>—grows near wild blueberries, tastes similar, but unrelated</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goji" title="Goji">Goji</a> or wolfberry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldenberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Goldenberry">Goldenberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gooseberry" title="Gooseberry">Gooseberries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physalis_virginiana" title="Physalis virginiana">Groundcherry</a>—multiple species from North and South America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarana" title="Guarana">Guarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guava" title="Guava">Guava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrcianthes_pungens" title="Myrcianthes pungens"><i>Guaviyú</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtis" title="Celtis">Hackberries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crataegus" title="Crataegus">Hawthorn</a>, fruit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">Hazelnut</a>, also called filbert</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysia_citrodora" title="Aloysia citrodora"><i>Hierba Luisa</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymbopetalum_penduliflorum" title="Cymbopetalum penduliflorum"><i>Hueinacaztli</i></a>, or ear-flower</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory" title="Hickory">Hickory</a> nuts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphicarpaea_bracteata" title="Amphicarpaea bracteata">Hogpeanut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly" title="Holly">Holly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hops" title="Hops">Hops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarda" title="Monarda">Horsemint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenopodium_berlandieri" title="Chenopodium berlandieri">Chenopodium berlandieri</a>, <i>Huazontle</i>, pitseed goosefoot</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huckleberry" title="Huckleberry">Huckleberries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medeola" title="Medeola">Indian cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apios_americana" title="Apios americana">Indian potato</a> or <i>hopniss</i>, <i>openowag</i>, cinnamon vine, groundnut (cultivated in Japan as <i>hodoimo</i>, edible root bulbs and beans, dried flowers as spice)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arisaema_triphyllum" title="Arisaema triphyllum">Jack in the pulpit</a> root</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracress" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracress"><i>Jambú</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_artichoke" title="Jerusalem artichoke">Jerusalem artichoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jicama" class="mw-redirect" title="Jicama">Jicama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper_berry" title="Juniper berry">Juniper berries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaniwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaniwa">Kaniwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_coffeetree" title="Kentucky coffeetree">Kentucky coffeetree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_caudatus" title="Amaranthus caudatus">Kiwicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenopodium" title="Chenopodium">Lamb's-quarters</a>, leaves and seeds</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapacho" title="Lapacho">Lapacho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachygastra_lecheguana" title="Brachygastra lecheguana"><i>Lechehuana</i></a>, honey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon-verbena" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemon-verbena">Lemon-verbena</a>, lemon-tasting herb</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeaceae" title="Nymphaeaceae">Lilypad</a> root</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_locust" title="Honey locust">Locust</a>, blossoms and pods</li> <li><i>Lúcuma</i></li> <li><i>Maca</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">Maize</a>, throughout the Americas, probably domesticated in or near Mexico, includes <a href="/wiki/Blue_corn" title="Blue corn">blue corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pouteria_sapota" title="Pouteria sapota"><i>Mamey</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzanita" title="Manzanita">Manzanita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup" title="Maple syrup">Maple syrup</a> and sugar, used as a sweetener and seasoning in the Eastern Woodlands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesquite" title="Mesquite">Mesquite</a>, bean pods, flour/meal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_oregano" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican oregano">Mexican oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asclepias" title="Asclepias">Milkweed</a></li> <li>Mint, various species, <a href="/wiki/Mentha_arvensis" title="Mentha arvensis">American mint</a> is best known in eastern woodlands region</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highbush_cranberry" title="Highbush cranberry">Mooseberry</a>, called highbush cranberry in Eastern US, actually a type of <i><a href="/wiki/Viburnum" title="Viburnum">Viburnum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry">Mulberries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nopal" title="Nopal">Nopales</a>, cactus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okra" title="Okra">Okra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">Onions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahonia_aquifolium" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahonia aquifolium">Oregon grape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabal_palmetto" title="Sabal palmetto">Palmetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam_cherry" class="mw-redirect" title="Surinam cherry">Surinam cherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papaya" title="Papaya">Papaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passionfruit" class="mw-redirect" title="Passionfruit">Passionfruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asimina_triloba" title="Asimina triloba">Pawpaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">Peanuts</a>, originated in Peru</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecan" title="Pecan">Pecans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedeoma_pulegioides" title="Hedeoma pulegioides">Pennyroyal</a>, American false variety</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persimmon" title="Persimmon">Persimmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_palmeri" title="Amaranthus palmeri">Pigweed</a>, seeds</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">Pine</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Western_white_pine" title="Western white pine">western white pine</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Pinus_ponderosa" title="Pinus ponderosa">Pinus ponderosa</a></i>)—inner bark (used as sweetener), sap as chewing gum ingredient, tips for jelly, cuttings for tea, and <a href="/wiki/Pine_nut" title="Pine nut">pinenuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">Pineapples</a>, South America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinyon_pine" title="Pinyon pine">Pinyon</a>, nuts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1onero" class="mw-redirect" title="Piñonero">Piñonero</a>, nuts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimaphila_umbellata" title="Chimaphila umbellata"><i>Pipsissewa</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prunus_hortulana" title="Prunus hortulana">Plum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popcorn_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Popcorn flower">Popcorn flower</a>, herb</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">Potatoes</a>, South America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opuntia" title="Opuntia">Prickly pears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_turnip" class="mw-redirect" title="Prairie turnip">Prairie turnips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin" title="Pumpkin">Pumpkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portulaca_oleracea" title="Portulaca oleracea">Purslane</a>—leaves</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">Quinoa</a>, South America, Central America, and Eastern North America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_tricoccum" title="Allium tricoccum">Ramps</a>, wild onion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raspberry" title="Raspberry">Raspberries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boechera_laevigata" class="mw-redirect" title="Boechera laevigata">rock cress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_pepper" class="mw-redirect" title="Rose pepper">Rose pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucophyllum" title="Leucophyllum">Sage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguaro" title="Saguaro">Saguaro</a> cactus, fruits and seeds</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">Salt</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Croton_lechleri" title="Croton lechleri">Sangre de drago</a></i></li> <li><i>Sapote</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassafras" title="Sassafras">Sassafras</a>, tea, seasoning, also called<a href="/wiki/Gumbo_fil%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Gumbo filé">gumbo filé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosopis_pubescens" title="Prosopis pubescens">Screwbean</a>, fruit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">Sedge</a>. tubers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coccoloba_uvifera" title="Coccoloba uvifera">Sea grape</a> or <i>uva de playa</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelanchier" title="Amelanchier">Serviceberry</a>. also juneberry, saskatoon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_purse" class="mw-redirect" title="Shepherd's purse">Shepherd's purse</a> leaves</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygonatum_biflorum" title="Polygonatum biflorum">Solomon's seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotol" title="Sotol">Sotol</a>, crowns</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soursop" title="Soursop">Soursop</a> or <i>guanábana</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucca_schidigera" title="Yucca schidigera">Spanish bayonet</a>, fruit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_lime" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish lime">Spanish lime</a> or <i>mamoncillo</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_spicebush" class="mw-redirect" title="Common spicebush">Common spicebush</a>, seasoning</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aralia_nudicaulis" title="Aralia nudicaulis">Spikenard</a>, berries and roots for tea, some tribes ate roots (this is a select species, of which there are many in the Americas and not all species are edible, though Natives had wide medicinal and practical uses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_(fruit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squash (fruit)">Squash</a>, throughout the Americas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevia" title="Stevia">Stevia</a>, sweetener</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">Strawberries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumac" title="Sumac">Sumac</a>, berries</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunflower_seed" title="Sunflower seed">Sunflower seeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmorhiza_longistylis" title="Osmorhiza longistylis">Sweet anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">Sweet potato</a>, South America (misleading name: not a potato)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetsop" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweetsop">Sweetsop</a> or sugar-apple</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarillo" title="Tamarillo">Tamarillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_teaberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern teaberry">Teaberry</a> or wintergreen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">Tobacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomatillo" title="Tomatillo">Tomatillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">Tomato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diospyros_texana" title="Diospyros texana">Texas persimmons</a> or sugar plum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peltandra_virginica" title="Peltandra virginica">Tuckahoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulip_poplar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulip poplar">Tulip poplar</a>, syrup made from bark</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tule" class="mw-redirect" title="Tule">Tule</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhizome" title="Rhizome">rhizomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_passionfruit" title="Banana passionfruit">Banana passionfruit</a>, <i>Tumbo</i> or <i>taxo</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">Vanilla</a>, seasoning</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetch" class="mw-redirect" title="Vetch">Vetch</a>, pods</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittaria_latifolia" title="Sagittaria latifolia">Wapato</a> root</li> <li>White <a href="/wiki/Evening_primrose" class="mw-redirect" title="Evening primrose">evening primrose</a>, fruit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglans_cinerea" title="Juglans cinerea">White walnuts</a> or butternuts</li> <li>Wild <a href="/wiki/Erigenia" title="Erigenia">carrot</a>, also harbinger of spring, salt and pepper</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_celery" title="Wild celery">Wild celery</a></li> <li>Wild <a href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis">Wild grapes</a>, fruit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">Wild honey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium" title="Allium">Wild onion</a></li> <li>Wild <a href="/wiki/Pea" title="Pea">pea</a>, pods</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_acicularis" title="Rosa acicularis">Wild roses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipomoea_pandurata" title="Ipomoea pandurata">Wild sweet potato</a> (misleading name: not a potato)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_sorrel" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood sorrel">Wood sorrel</a>, leaves</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yac%C3%B3n" title="Yacón">Yacón</a></i>, nectar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaupon_holly" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaupon holly">Yaupon holly</a>, leaves</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yerba_buena" title="Yerba buena">Yerba buena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yerba_mate" class="mw-redirect" title="Yerba mate">Yerba mate</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucca" title="Yucca">Yucca</a>, blossoms, fruit, and stalks</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zamia" title="Zamia">Zamia</a></i>, nuts</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fungi">Fungi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Fungi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_trumpet" class="mw-redirect" title="Black trumpet">black trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_of_the_woods" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken of the woods">chicken of the woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanterelle" title="Chanterelle">chanterelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hen_of_the_woods" class="mw-redirect" title="Hen of the woods">hen of the woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen" title="Lichen">Lichen</a> (certain species)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morel" class="mw-redirect" title="Morel">morels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_mushroom" class="mw-redirect" title="Oyster mushroom">oyster mushrooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puffball" title="Puffball">puffball</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animals">Animals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bison_Cow_and_Calf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bison_Cow_and_Calf.jpg/220px-Bison_Cow_and_Calf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bison_Cow_and_Calf.jpg/330px-Bison_Cow_and_Calf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bison_Cow_and_Calf.jpg/440px-Bison_Cow_and_Calf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bison" title="Bison">Bison</a> cow and calf</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moose_superior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Moose_superior.jpg/220px-Moose_superior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Moose_superior.jpg/330px-Moose_superior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Moose_superior.jpg/440px-Moose_superior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1938" data-file-height="1814" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">Moose</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armadillo" title="Armadillo">Armadillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badger" title="Badger">Badger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver" title="Beaver">Beaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bighorn_sheep" title="Bighorn sheep">Bighorn sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">Bison</a>—originally found throughout most of the North American plains</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capybara" title="Capybara">Capybara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipmunk" title="Chipmunk">Chipmunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dove" class="mw-redirect" title="Dove">Dove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck" title="Duck">Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elk" title="Elk">Elk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ants" class="mw-redirect" title="Ants">Ants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geese" class="mw-redirect" title="Geese">Geese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundhog" title="Groundhog">Groundhog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grouse" title="Grouse">Grouse</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guanaco" title="Guanaco">Guanaco</a></i>—hunted in South America by hunter-gatherer societies, for ex. in <a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a> until the 19th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea_pig" title="Guinea pig">Guinea pig</a>—domesticated in the Andes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hog_(swine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hog (swine)">Hog</a>—important European import</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_honey_wasp" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican honey wasp">Honey wasp</a>—<i>Brachygastra mellifica</i>, <i>Brachygastra lecheguana</i>, and <i>Polybia occidentalis</i>, a source of honey found from the Southwestern United States to Argentina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">Horse</a>—although imported by Europeans, the horse was still very important to Indigenous cultures throughout the Americas (famously on the North American Plains) in the historic era</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hutia" title="Hutia">Hutia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iguana" title="Iguana">Iguana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">Llama</a>—domesticated in the Andes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locust" title="Locust">Locust</a> (cicada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manatee" title="Manatee">Manatee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">Moose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourning_dove" title="Mourning dove">Mourning dove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovy_duck" title="Muscovy duck">Muscovy duck</a>—domesticated in Mesoamerica<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opossum" title="Opossum">Opossum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter" title="Otter">Otter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_pigeon" title="Passenger pigeon">Passenger pigeon</a>—extinct</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peccary" title="Peccary">Peccaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheasant" title="Pheasant">Pheasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcupine" title="Porcupine">Porcupine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_dog" title="Prairie dog">Prairie dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronghorn" title="Pronghorn">Pronghorn</a> (antelope)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_quail" title="New World quail">Quail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">Raccoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">Sheep</a>—important European import in <a href="/wiki/Oasisamerica" title="Oasisamerica">Oasisamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skunk" title="Skunk">Skunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloth" title="Sloth">Sloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stingless_bee" title="Stingless bee">Stingless bee</a>—<i>Melipona beecheii</i> and <i>M. yucatanica</i>, Maya source of honey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squirrel" title="Squirrel">Squirrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_(bird)" title="Turkey (bird)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">Turtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacare_caiman" title="Yacare caiman">Yacare caiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_rat" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood rat">Wood rat</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_chefs,_restaurateurs,_and_food_writers"><span id="Notable_chefs.2C_restaurateurs.2C_and_food_writers"></span>Notable chefs, restaurateurs, and food writers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notable chefs, restaurateurs, and food writers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lois_Ellen_Frank" title="Lois Ellen Frank">Lois Ellen Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Sherman" title="Sean Sherman">Sean Sherman</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Oglala" title="Oglala">Oglala Lakota</a> Sioux.<sup id="cite_ref-judkisWaPo22nov2017_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-judkisWaPo22nov2017-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-figueroaEDIBLE13sept2018_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-figueroaEDIBLE13sept2018-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Medina" title="Vincent Medina">Vincent Medina</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Ohlone#Present_day" title="Ohlone">Muwekma Ohlone</a><sup id="cite_ref-SF_Chronicle_pop-up_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SF_Chronicle_pop-up-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eater_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eater-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Thompson" title="Dana Thompson">Dana Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Trevino" title="Louis Trevino">Louis Trevino</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Rumsen_people" title="Rumsen people">Rumsen Ohlone</a><sup id="cite_ref-:2_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg/30px-MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg/45px-MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg/60px-MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="299" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal</a></span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Plants_used_in_Native_American_cuisine" title="Category:Plants used in Native American cuisine">Plants used in Native American cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_dish" title="House dish">House dish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_gatherer" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunter gatherer">Hunter gatherer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locavore" class="mw-redirect" title="Locavore">Locavores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlingit_cuisine" title="Tlingit cuisine">Tlingit cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_onion_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild onion festival">Wild onion festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Inuit diet">Inuit diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_First_Nations_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="List of First Nations peoples">List of First Nations peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_food_security_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal food security in Canada">Aboriginal food security in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Peasant food">Peasant food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">Staple food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">Soul food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushmeat" title="Bushmeat">Bushmeat</a> (Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushfood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushfood">Bushfood</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Game (food)">Game (food)</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Minnesota+Duluth&rft.atitle=Maple+Sugarbush+Questions+and+Answers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.d.umn.edu%2F~tbates%2Fcurricularesources%2FMapleSyruping%2FMapleSugarbushFAQs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndigenous+cuisine+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNerburn,_Kent_(Project_Director)1991" class="citation book cs1">Nerburn, Kent (Project Director) (1991). <i>We Choose To Remember: More Memories of the Red Lake Ojibwe People</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2022</span> – via Atowi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wabanaki+Enjoying+Nut+Milk+and+Butter+for+Centuries&rft.pub=Portland+Press+Herald&rft.date=2020-11-08&rft.aulast=Kamila&rft.aufirst=Avery+Yale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atowi.org%2Fpress%2Fwabanaki-enjoying-nut-milk-and-butter-for-centuries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndigenous+cuisine+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamila2020" class="citation web cs1">Kamila, Avery Yale (November 8, 2020). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressherald.com/2020/11/08/vegan-kitchen-americans-have-been-enjoying-nut-milk-and-nut-butter-for-at-least-4-centuries/">"Vegan Kitchen: Americans have been enjoying nut milk and nut butter for at least 4 centuries"</a></span>. <i>Portland Press Herald</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108102308/https://www.pressherald.com/2020/11/08/vegan-kitchen-americans-have-been-enjoying-nut-milk-and-nut-butter-for-at-least-4-centuries/">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portland+Press+Herald&rft.atitle=Vegan+Kitchen%3A+Americans+have+been+enjoying+nut+milk+and+nut+butter+for+at+least+4+centuries&rft.date=2020-11-08&rft.aulast=Kamila&rft.aufirst=Avery+Yale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressherald.com%2F2020%2F11%2F08%2Fvegan-kitchen-americans-have-been-enjoying-nut-milk-and-nut-butter-for-at-least-4-centuries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndigenous+cuisine+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiemer-Eaton2014" class="citation web cs1">Diemer-Eaton, Jessica (October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210108165015/http://www.woodlandindianedu.com/foodnuts.html">"Food Nuts of the Eastern Woodlands Native Peoples"</a>. <i>www.woodlandindianedu.com</i>. 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Hickory Nut Soup (Cherokee)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDragonwagon2007" class="citation book cs1">Dragonwagon, Crescent (2007). <i>The Cornbread Gospels</i>. 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"A Conquered People". <i>The Southeastern Indians</i>. the University of Tennessee Press. pp. 498–499. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87049-248-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87049-248-9"><bdi>0-87049-248-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Conquered+People&rft.btitle=The+Southeastern+Indians&rft.pages=498-499&rft.pub=the+University+of+Tennessee+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-87049-248-9&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndigenous+cuisine+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=SO003">"Sofkey | The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture"</a>. <i>www.okhistory.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210429150322/https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=SO003">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hispanic+Culture+Site&rft.atitle=Chocolate+-+Ancient+Drink+of+the+Gods&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Aguilar&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bellaonline.com%2Farticles%2Fart28119.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndigenous+cuisine+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrandonCourtneyJonelleAmanda" class="citation web cs1">Brandon; Courtney; Jonelle; Amanda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090417073939/http://putnam.k12.il.us/mfood.htm">"Mayan Cuisine"</a>. Putnam County High School. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.putnam.k12.il.us/mfood.htm">the original</a> on April 17, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mayan+Cuisine&rft.pub=Putnam+County+High+School&rft.au=Brandon&rft.au=Courtney&rft.au=Jonelle&rft.au=Amanda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.putnam.k12.il.us%2Fmfood.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndigenous+cuisine+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thespruceeats.com/mazamorra-morada-peruvian-purple-corn-pudding-3029179">"How to Make Delicious Peruvian Purple Corn Pudding"</a>. <i>The Spruce Eats</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210307062105/https://www.thespruceeats.com/mazamorra-morada-peruvian-purple-corn-pudding-3029179">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Spruce+Eats&rft.atitle=How+to+Make+Delicious+Peruvian+Purple+Corn+Pudding&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thespruceeats.com%2Fmazamorra-morada-peruvian-purple-corn-pudding-3029179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndigenous+cuisine+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boliviabella.com/patasca.html">"Patasca - Pork, Sheep or Beef Head Stew. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BoliviaBella&rft.atitle=Patasca+-+Pork%2C+Sheep+or+Beef+Head+Stew.+Bolivian+Food+and+Recipes.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boliviabella.com%2Fpatasca.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndigenous+cuisine+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-judkisWaPo22nov2017-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-judkisWaPo22nov2017_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudkis2017" class="citation news cs1">Judkis, Maura (November 22, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/food/this-is-not-a-trend-native-american-chefs-resist-the-columbusing-of-indigenous-foods/2017/11/21/a9ca5be6-c8ba-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'This is not a trend': Native American chefs resist the 'Columbusing' of indigenous foods"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190603135629/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/food/this-is-not-a-trend-native-american-chefs-resist-the-columbusing-of-indigenous-foods/2017/11/21/a9ca5be6-c8ba-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Edible+Communities&rft.atitle=Revitalizing+Indigenous+Cuisine&rft.date=2018-09-13&rft.aulast=Figueroa&rft.aufirst=Francisca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedibleindy.ediblecommunities.com%2Feat%2Frevitalizing-indigenous-cuisine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndigenous+cuisine+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SF_Chronicle_pop-up-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SF_Chronicle_pop-up_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoleil_Ho2019" class="citation web cs1">Soleil Ho (March 28, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfchronicle.com/restaurants/article/The-Bay-Area-s-most-intriguing-new-pop-up-13724206.php">"The Bay Area's most intriguing new pop-up highlights precolonial California cuisine"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Indigenous+Founders+of+a+Museum+Cafe+Put+Repatriation+on+the+Menu&rft.date=2022-12-11&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Patricia+Leigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F12%2F11%2Farts%2Fdesign%2Fhearst-museum-ohlone-cafe-repatriate-medina.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndigenous+cuisine+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoe,_Sophie_D.1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Coe" title="Sophie Coe">Coe, Sophie D.</a> (1994). <i>America's First Cuisines</i>. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-71159-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-71159-4"><bdi>978-0-292-71159-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%27s+First+Cuisines&rft.place=Austin%2C+Texas&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-292-71159-4&rft.au=Coe%2C+Sophie+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndigenous+cuisine+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHetzler,_Richard2010" class="citation book cs1">Hetzler, Richard (2010). <i>The Mitsitam Cafe cookbook : recipes from the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian</i>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian" title="National Museum of the American Indian">Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55591-747-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55591-747-0"><bdi>978-1-55591-747-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mitsitam+Cafe+cookbook+%3A+recipes+from+the+Smithsonian+National+Museum+of+the+American+Indian&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Smithsonian+National+Museum+of+the+American+Indian&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-55591-747-0&rft.au=Hetzler%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndigenous+cuisine+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiethammer,_Carolyn1974" class="citation book cs1">Niethammer, Carolyn (1974). <i>American Indian Food and Lore</i>. New York: A Simon & Schuster Macmillan Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-010000-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-010000-0"><bdi>0-02-010000-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Indian+Food+and+Lore&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=A+Simon+%26+Schuster+Macmillan+Company&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-02-010000-0&rft.au=Niethammer%2C+Carolyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndigenous+cuisine+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas#Q2492088" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Indigenous cuisine of the Americas">Indigenous cuisine of the Americas</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Foods_and_ingredients_of_the_indigenous_people" class="extiw" title="commons:Foods and ingredients of the indigenous people"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Foods and ingredients of the indigenous people</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cuisine_of_indigenous_peoples_in_North_America" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cuisine of indigenous peoples in North America">Cuisine of indigenous peoples in North America</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fortsillapachenation.com/recipes.html">Traditional Chiricahua recipes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110816144048/http://fortsillapachenation.com/recipes.html">Archived</a> August 16, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aihd.ku.edu/">American Indian Health and Diet Project</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cuisine_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuisine_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Cuisine of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuisine_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Cuisine of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisine_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisine of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cuisine_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">Cuisine of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Thirteen_Colonies" title="Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies">Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_dinner" title="Thanksgiving dinner">Thanksgiving dinner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_dishes_of_the_United_States" title="List of regional dishes of the United States">List of regional dishes of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_beverages_of_the_United_States" title="List of regional beverages of the United States">List of regional beverages of the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Mid-Atlantic_states" title="Cuisine of the Mid-Atlantic states">Mid-Atlantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_Jersey" title="Cuisine of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li>New York <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_York_City" title="Cuisine of New York City">New York City</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pennsylvania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Allentown,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Allentown, Pennsylvania">Allentown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Philadelphia" title="Cuisine of Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_England" title="Cuisine of New England">New England</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southern United States">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_cuisine" title="Appalachian cuisine">Appalachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floribbean_cuisine" title="Floribbean cuisine">Floribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Kentucky" title="Cuisine of Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li>Louisiana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cajun_cuisine" title="Cajun cuisine">Cajun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_cuisine" title="Louisiana Creole cuisine">Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_Orleans" title="Cuisine of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowcountry_cuisine" title="Lowcountry cuisine">Lowcountry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texan_cuisine" title="Texan cuisine">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue_in_Texas" title="Barbecue in Texas">Barbecue in Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex" title="Tex-Mex">Tex-Mex</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Midwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Midwestern United States">Midwest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Chicago#Food_and_drink" title="Culture of Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City-style_barbecue" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City-style barbecue">Kansas City-style barbecue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_North_Dakota" title="Cuisine of North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Michigan" title="Cuisine of Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Minnesota" title="Cuisine of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Ohio" title="Cuisine of Ohio">Ohio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_chili" title="Cincinnati chili">Cincinnati chili</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Omaha" title="Cuisine of Omaha">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_St._Louis" title="Cuisine of St. Louis">St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Wisconsin" title="Cuisine of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Western_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Western United States">West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_California" title="Cuisine of California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_cuisine" title="California cuisine">California cuisine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southwestern United States">Southwestern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_cuisine" title="Pacific Northwest cuisine">Pacific Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Cuisine of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_cuisine" title="Puerto Rican cuisine">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">African American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Cambodian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="American Cambodian cuisine">American Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Chinese_cuisine" title="American Chinese cuisine">American Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_cuisine" title="American Jewish cuisine">American Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajun_cuisine" title="Cajun cuisine">Cajun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino-American_cuisine" title="Filipino-American cuisine">Filipino-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek-American_cuisine" title="Greek-American cuisine">Greek-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">Italian-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican-American_cuisine" title="Mexican-American cuisine">Mexican-American</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Native_American_cuisine_of_North_America">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican (Neomexicano and Pueblo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Pennsylvania_Dutch" title="Cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch">Pennsylvania Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex" title="Tex-Mex">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlingit_cuisine" title="Tlingit cuisine">Tlingit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_foods" title="List of American foods">American foods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_breads" title="List of American breads">American breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_cheeses" title="List of American cheeses">American cheeses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_desserts" title="List of American desserts">American desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_regional_and_fusion_cuisines" title="List of American regional and fusion cuisines">American regional and fusion cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_sandwiches" title="List of American sandwiches">American sandwiches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_breakfast_foods" title="List of American breakfast foods">American breakfast foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foods_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="List of foods of the Southern United States">Foods of the Southern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soul_foods_and_dishes" title="List of soul foods and dishes">Soul foods and dishes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue" title="Barbecue">Barbecue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_dishes" title="List of Christmas dishes">Christmas food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_tea" title="Sweet tea">Sweet tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root_beer" title="Root beer">Root beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_cream" title="Egg cream">Egg cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milkshake" title="Milkshake">Milkshake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Temple_(drink)" title="Shirley Temple (drink)">Shirley Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_soda" title="Italian soda">Italian soda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepsi" title="Pepsi">Pepsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_tea_culture" title="American tea culture">American tea culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:American_cuisine" title="Category:American cuisine">Category: American cuisine</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cuisines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuisines" title="Template:Cuisines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuisines" title="Template talk:Cuisines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cuisines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">Cuisines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Continental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_cuisine" title="African cuisine">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_cuisine" title="Maghrebi cuisine">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_cuisine" title="West African cuisine">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_cuisines" title="List of African cuisines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Cuisine of the Americas">Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_cuisine" title="Caribbean cuisine">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_cuisine" title="North American cuisine">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_cuisine" title="South American cuisine">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines_of_the_Americas" title="List of cuisines of the Americas">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_cuisine" title="Asian cuisine">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dishes_from_the_Caucasus" title="List of dishes from the Caucasus">Caucasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_cuisine" title="Central Asian cuisine">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cuisine" title="South Asian cuisine">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_cuisines" title="List of Asian cuisines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_cuisine" title="European cuisine">European</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_cuisine" title="Central European cuisine">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_cuisine" title="Eastern European cuisine">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_cuisines" title="List of European cuisines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_cuisine" title="Oceanian cuisine">Oceanian</a></li> <li>Intercontinental <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_cuisine" title="Global cuisine">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cuisine" title="Latin American cuisine">Latin American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_dish" title="National dish">National</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Regional_cuisine" title="Regional cuisine">regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_cuisine" title="Afghan cuisine">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_cuisine" title="Algerian cuisine">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_cuisine" title="California cuisine">Californian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floribbean_cuisine" title="Floribbean cuisine">Floribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Cuisine of Hawaii">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowcountry_cuisine" title="Lowcountry cuisine">Lowcountry (South Carolina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Midwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Midwestern United States">Midwestern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_England" title="Cuisine of New England">New English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_cuisine" title="Pacific Northwest cuisine">Pacific Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_cuisine" title="Puerto Rican cuisine">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southern United States">Southern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southwestern United States">Southwestern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texan_cuisine" title="Texan cuisine">Texan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_cuisine" title="Angolan cuisine">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_cuisine" title="Argentine cuisine">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_cuisine" title="Australian cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_cuisine" title="Bahraini cuisine">Bahraini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_cuisine" title="Barbadian cuisine">Barbadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_cuisine" title="Belarusian cuisine">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_cuisine" title="Belgian cuisine">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_cuisine" title="Belizean cuisine">Belizean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_cuisine" title="Benin cuisine">Beninese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_cuisine" title="Bhutanese cuisine">Bhutanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_cuisine" title="Bolivian cuisine">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnian-Herzegovinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_cuisine" title="Botswana cuisine">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_cuisine" title="Brazilian cuisine">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguillian_cuisine" title="Anguillian cuisine">Anguillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_cuisine" title="Channel Islands cuisine">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_cuisine" title="English cuisine">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Gibraltarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Irish_cuisine" title="Northern Irish cuisine">Northern Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Saint_Helena" title="Cuisine of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_cuisine" title="Scottish cuisine">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_cuisine" title="Welsh cuisine">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_cuisine" title="Bruneian cuisine">Bruneian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_cuisine" title="Bulgarian cuisine">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkinabe_cuisine" title="Burkinabe cuisine">Burkinabé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_cuisine" title="Burmese cuisine">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_cuisine" title="Burundian cuisine">Burundian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_cuisine" title="Cameroonian cuisine">Cameroonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cuisine" title="Canadian cuisine">Canadian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_cuisine" title="Acadian cuisine">Acadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Quebec" title="Cuisine of Quebec">Québécois</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Cuisine of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_cuisine" title="Chadian cuisine">Chadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_cuisine" title="Chilean cuisine">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_cuisine" title="Beijing cuisine">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_cuisine" title="Hong Kong cuisine">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_cuisine" title="Macanese cuisine">Macanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_cuisine" title="Tibetan cuisine">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_cuisine" title="Uyghur cuisine">Xinjiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_cuisine" title="Colombian cuisine">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_cuisine" title="Congolese cuisine">Congolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_cuisine" title="Cuban cuisine">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_cuisine" title="Czech cuisine">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_cuisine" title="Danish cuisine">Danish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_cuisine" title="Faroese cuisine">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_cuisine" title="Greenlandic cuisine">Greenlandic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_cuisine" title="Djiboutian cuisine">Djiboutian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica_cuisine" title="Dominica cuisine">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_cuisine" title="Dominican Republic cuisine">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_cuisine" title="Dutch cuisine">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_East_Timor" title="Cuisine of East Timor">East Timorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_cuisine" title="Ecuadorian cuisine">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_cuisine" title="Emirati cuisine">Emirati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_cuisine" title="Eritrean cuisine">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_cuisine" title="Estonian cuisine">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_cuisine" title="Ethiopian cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_cuisine" title="Fijian cuisine">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_cuisine" title="Kapampangan cuisine">Kapampangan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_cuisine" title="Finnish cuisine">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Corsica" title="Cuisine of Corsica">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Cuisine of Réunion">La Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guianan_cuisine" title="French Guianan cuisine">French Guianan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_cuisine" title="Occitan cuisine">Occitan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_cuisine" title="Gabonese cuisine">Gabonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_cuisine" title="Gambian cuisine">Gambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_cuisine" title="German cuisine">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_cuisine" title="Ghanaian cuisine">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_cuisine" title="Cretan cuisine">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirotic_cuisine" title="Epirotic cuisine">Epirotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Macedonian_cuisine" title="Greek Macedonian cuisine">Greek Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="Cuisine of the Ionian Islands">Heptanesean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_cuisine" title="Guatemalan cuisine">Guatemalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissauan_cuisine" title="Guinea-Bissauan cuisine">Guinea-Bissauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Guinea">Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_cuisine" title="Haitian cuisine">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_cuisine" title="Honduran cuisine">Honduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_cuisine" title="Icelandic cuisine">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_cuisine" title="Andhra cuisine">Andhra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachali_cuisine" title="Arunachali cuisine">Arunachali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_cuisine" title="Assamese cuisine">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cuisine" title="Bengali cuisine">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_cuisine" title="Bihari cuisine">Bihari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_cuisine" title="Chhattisgarhi cuisine">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goan_cuisine" title="Goan cuisine">Goan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_cuisine" title="Gujarati cuisine">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Haryanvi cuisine">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cuisine" title="Kashmiri cuisine">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhandi_cuisine" title="Jharkhandi cuisine">Jharkhandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cuisine" title="Karnataka cuisine">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_cuisine" title="Kerala cuisine">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrian_cuisine" title="Maharashtrian cuisine">Maharashtrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_cuisine" title="Manipuri cuisine">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalayan_cuisine" title="Meghalayan cuisine">Meghalayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_cuisine" title="Mizo cuisine">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_cuisine" title="Naga cuisine">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Odia cuisine">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_cuisine" title="Rajasthani cuisine">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_cuisine" title="Sikkimese cuisine">Sikkimese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_cuisine" title="Sindhi cuisine">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_cuisine" title="Tamil cuisine">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_cuisine" title="Telangana cuisine">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_cuisine" title="Tripuri cuisine">Tripuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_cuisine" title="Uttar Pradesh cuisine">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhandi_cuisine" title="Uttarakhandi cuisine">Uttarakhandi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_cuisine" title="Acehnese cuisine">Acehnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_cuisine" title="Balinese cuisine">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjar_cuisine" title="Banjar cuisine">Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_cuisine" title="Batak cuisine">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betawi_cuisine" title="Betawi cuisine">Betawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorontalo cuisine">Gorontalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo_cuisine" title="Indo cuisine">Indo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_cuisine" title="Javanese cuisine">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurese_cuisine" title="Madurese cuisine">Madurese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassar_cuisine" title="Makassar cuisine">Makassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minahasan_cuisine" title="Minahasan cuisine">Minahasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang_cuisine" title="Padang cuisine">Minangkabau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang_cuisine" title="Palembang cuisine">Palembangese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_cuisine" title="Sundanese cuisine">Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_cuisine" title="Iraqi cuisine">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cuisine" title="Irish cuisine">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo" title="Cuisine of Abruzzo">Abruzzese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulian_cuisine" title="Apulian cuisine">Apulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Liguria" title="Cuisine of Liguria">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Basilicata" title="Cuisine of Basilicata">Lucanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_cuisine" title="Piedmontese cuisine">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_cuisine" title="Roman cuisine">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Sardinia" title="Cuisine of Sardinia">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_food" title="Tuscan food">Tuscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Veneto" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Veneto">Venetian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_cuisine" title="Ivorian cuisine">Ivorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_cuisine" title="Jamaican cuisine">Jamaican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_cuisine" title="Okinawan cuisine">Okinawan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_cuisine" title="Jordanian cuisine">Jordanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_cuisine" title="Kazakh cuisine">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyan cuisine">Kenyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_cuisine" title="North Korean cuisine">North Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_cuisine" title="South Korean cuisine">South Korean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan cuisine">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_cuisine" title="Kuwaiti cuisine">Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_cuisine" title="Kyrgyz cuisine">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_cuisine" title="Lao cuisine">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_cuisine" title="Latvian cuisine">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_cuisine" title="Lebanese cuisine">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Lesotho" title="Cuisine of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_cuisine" title="Liberian cuisine">Liberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_cuisine" title="Libyan cuisine">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_cuisine" title="Liechtenstein cuisine">Liechtensteiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_cuisine" title="Lithuanian cuisine">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Luxembourg" title="Cuisine of Luxembourg">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_cuisine" title="Macedonian cuisine">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_cuisine" title="Malagasy cuisine">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_cuisine" title="Malawian cuisine">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_cuisine" title="Malaysian cuisine">Malaysian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabahan_cuisine" title="Sabahan cuisine">Sabahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawakian_cuisine" title="Sarawakian cuisine">Sarawakian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_cuisine" title="Maldivian cuisine">Maldivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_cuisine" title="Malian cuisine">Malian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cuisine" title="Maltese cuisine">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_cuisine" title="Marshallese cuisine">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_cuisine" title="Mauritanian cuisine">Mauritanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_cuisine" title="Mauritian cuisine">Mauritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_cuisine" title="Mexican cuisine">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_cuisine" title="Moldovan cuisine">Moldovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_cuisine" title="Monégasque cuisine">Monégasque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_cuisine" title="Mongolian cuisine">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_cuisine" title="Moroccan cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_cuisine" title="Mozambican cuisine">Mozambican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_cuisine" title="Namibian cuisine">Namibian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_cuisine" title="Nauruan cuisine">Nauruan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_cuisine" title="Nepalese cuisine">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_cuisine" title="Nicaraguan cuisine">Nicaraguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Niger" title="Cuisine of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_cuisine" title="Nigerian cuisine">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuean_cuisine" title="Niuean cuisine">Niuean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_cuisine" title="Norwegian cuisine">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_cuisine" title="Omani cuisine">Omani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_cuisine" title="Panamanian cuisine">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_cuisine" title="Papua New Guinean cuisine">Papua New Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_cuisine" title="Paraguayan cuisine">Paraguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_cuisine" title="Peruvian cuisine">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_cuisine" title="Qatari cuisine">Qatari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_cuisine" title="Bashkir cuisine">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_cuisine" title="Chechen cuisine">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_cuisine" title="Circassian cuisine">Circassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_cuisine" title="Cossack cuisine">Cossack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_cuisine" title="Komi cuisine">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordovian_cuisine" title="Mordovian cuisine">Mordovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakha_cuisine" title="Sakha cuisine">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_cuisine" title="Tatar cuisine">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_cuisine" title="Udmurt cuisine">Udmurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamal_cuisine" title="Yamal cuisine">Yamal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_cuisine" title="Rwandan cuisine">Rwandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_cuisine" title="Saint Lucian cuisine">Saint Lucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_cuisine" title="Salvadoran cuisine">Salvadoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_cuisine" title="Sammarinese cuisine">Sammarinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Cuisine of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_cuisine" title="Saudi Arabian cuisine">Saudi Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_cuisine" title="Senegalese cuisine">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_cuisine" title="Seychellois cuisine">Seychellois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_cuisine" title="Sierra Leonean cuisine">Sierra Leonean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_cuisine" title="Singaporean cuisine">Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_cuisine" title="Slovak cuisine">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_cuisine" title="Somali cuisine">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_cuisine" title="South African cuisine">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_cuisine" title="Andalusian cuisine">Andalusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_cuisine" title="Asturian cuisine">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_cuisine" title="Balearic cuisine">Balearic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_cuisine" title="Basque cuisine">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_cuisine" title="Canarian cuisine">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_cuisine" title="Cantabrian cuisine">Cantabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_cuisine" title="Catalan cuisine">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremaduran_cuisine" title="Extremaduran cuisine">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_cuisine" title="Galician cuisine">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchego_cuisine" title="Manchego cuisine">Manchegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_cuisine" title="Valencian cuisine">Valencian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_cuisine" title="Sudanese cuisine">Sudanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Eswatini" title="Cuisine of Eswatini">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_cuisine" title="Swedish cuisine">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_cuisine" title="Syrian cuisine">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_cuisine" title="Tajik cuisine">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanzanian cuisine">Tanzanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibari_cuisine" title="Zanzibari cuisine">Zanzibari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_cuisine" title="Togolese cuisine">Togolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_cuisine" title="Tunisian cuisine">Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_cuisine" title="Turkmen cuisine">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_cuisine" title="Tuvaluan cuisine">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_cuisine" title="Trinidad and Tobago cuisine">Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_cuisine" title="Ugandan cuisine">Ugandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cuisine" title="Ukrainian cuisine">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_cuisine" title="Uruguayan cuisine">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_cuisine" title="Uzbek cuisine">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatuan_cuisine" title="Vanuatuan cuisine">Vanuatuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_cuisine" title="Venezuelan cuisine">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_cuisine" title="Western Saharan cuisine">Western Saharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_cuisine" title="Yemeni cuisine">Yemeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_cuisine" title="Zambian cuisine">Zambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Zimbabwean cuisine">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">African American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_cuisine" title="Ainu cuisine">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Arab Indonesian cuisine">Arab-Indonesian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_cuisine" title="Aromanian cuisine">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuisine" title="Assyrian cuisine">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_cuisine" title="Balochi cuisine">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_cuisine" title="Berber cuisine">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_cuisine" title="Buryat cuisine">Buryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajun_cuisine" title="Cajun cuisine">Cajun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Chinese_cuisine" title="American Chinese cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Australian Chinese cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Chinese_cuisine" title="British Chinese cuisine">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Cambodian Chinese cuisine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Canadian Chinese cuisine">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Chinese_cuisine" title="Filipino Chinese cuisine">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Chinese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Chinese cuisine">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Chinese Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Malaysian Chinese cuisine">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Chinese_cuisine" title="Pakistani Chinese cuisine">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifa" title="Chifa">Peruvian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_cuisine" title="Crimean Tatar cuisine">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_cuisine" title="Gagauz cuisine">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek-American_cuisine" title="Greek-American cuisine">Greek-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi cuisine">Hazaragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_cuisine" title="Hmong cuisine">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_cuisine" title="Anglo-Indian cuisine">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indian Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_cuisine" title="Malaysian Indian cuisine">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Indian_cuisine" title="North Indian cuisine">North Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indian_cuisine" title="South Indian cuisine">South Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indigenous American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_tucker" title="Bush tucker">Indigenous Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_cuisine" title="Inuit cuisine">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">Italian American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_cuisine" title="American Jewish cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Bukharan Jewish cuisine">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Moroccan Jewish cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish_cuisine" title="Sephardic Jewish cuisine">Sephardic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Syrian Jewish cuisine">Syrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cuisine" title="Kurdish cuisine">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_cuisine" title="Livonian cuisine">Livonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_cuisine" title="Louisiana Creole cuisine">Louisiana Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_cuisine" title="Malay cuisine">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_cuisine" title="Ossetian cuisine">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsi_cuisine" title="Parsi cuisine">Parsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_cuisine" title="Pashtun cuisine">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Pennsylvania_Dutch" title="Cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch">Pennsylvania Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peranakan_cuisine" title="Peranakan cuisine">Peranakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_cuisine" title="Pontic Greek cuisine">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_cuisine" title="Romani cuisine">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_cuisine" title="Sámi cuisine">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex" title="Tex-Mex">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Saxon_cuisine" title="Transylvanian Saxon cuisine">Transylvanian Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yup%27ik_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Yup'ik cuisine">Yup'ik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_dietary_laws" title="Christian dietary laws">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goan_Catholic_cuisine" title="Goan Catholic cuisine">Goan Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalorean_Catholic_cuisine" title="Mangalorean Catholic cuisine">Mangalorean Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite_cuisine" title="Mennonite cuisine">Mennonite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Islamic_cuisine" title="Chinese Islamic cuisine">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ital" title="Ital">Ital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher food">Kosher food</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_slaughter" title="Ritual slaughter">Ritual slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Sikhism" title="Diet in Sikhism">Sikh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_cuisines" title="List of historical cuisines">Historical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_cuisine" title="Ancient Egyptian cuisine">Ancient Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_cuisine" title="Ancient Greek cuisine">Ancient Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine" title="Ancient Israelite cuisine">Ancient Israelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_cuisine" title="Ancient Roman cuisine">Ancient Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Antebellum_America" title="Cuisine of Antebellum America">Antebellum America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_cuisine" title="Aztec cuisine">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_cuisine" title="Byzantine cuisine">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_European_cuisine" title="Early modern European cuisine">Early modern European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Argentine_cuisine" title="History of Argentine cuisine">Historical Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_cuisine" title="History of Chinese cuisine">Historical Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_cuisine" title="History of Indian cuisine">Historical Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japanese_cuisine" title="History of Japanese cuisine">Historical Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_North_Indian_and_Pakistani_foods" title="Origins of North Indian and Pakistani foods">Historical North Indian and Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">History of agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alcoholic_drinks" title="History of alcoholic drinks">History of alcoholic drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_bread" title="History of bread">History of bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_seafood" title="History of seafood">History of seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_vegetarianism" title="History of vegetarianism">History of vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuisine" title="Hittite cuisine">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_cuisine" title="Inca cuisine">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_cuisine" title="Ancient Maya cuisine">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_cuisine" title="Muisca cuisine">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughlai_cuisine" title="Mughlai cuisine">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_cuisine" title="Medieval cuisine">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_foods" title="Peasant foods">Peasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Native cuisine of Hawaii">Pre-contact Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_royal_court_cuisine" title="Korean royal court cuisine">Korean royal court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_the_Scottish_royal_household" title="Food and the Scottish royal household">Scottish royal household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_cuisine" title="Soviet cuisine">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Thirteen_Colonies" title="Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_classique" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine classique">Classique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_cuisine" title="Fusion cuisine">Fusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_American_cuisine" title="New American cuisine">New American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_cuisine_of_Singapore_and_Malaysia" title="Eurasian cuisine of Singapore and Malaysia">Eurasian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haute_cuisine" title="Haute cuisine">Haute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_gastronomy" title="Molecular gastronomy">Molecular gastronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Note_by_Note_cuisine" title="Note by Note cuisine">Note by Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_cuisine" title="Nouvelle cuisine">Nouvelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine" title="Vegetarian cuisine">Vegetarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines" title="List of cuisines">List of cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_cuisines" title="List of historical cuisines">List of historical cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_foods" title="Lists of foods">Lists of foods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_prepared_foods" title="Lists of prepared foods">Prepared</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cookbook" title="Cookbook">Cookbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culinary_arts" title="Culinary arts">Culinary arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drink" title="Drink">Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">Food</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_history" title="Food history">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_food" title="Sociology of food">sociology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_(nutrition)" title="Diet (nutrition)">Diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meal" title="Meal">Meal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meal_preparation" title="Meal preparation">Meal preparation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cuisine" title="Category:Cuisine">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_cuisines" title="Outline of cuisines">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2492088#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2492088#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2492088#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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