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dark:mobile:bg-transparent rounded-lg lg:shadow-sm pl-6 pr-6 pt-2 pb-6 mobile:p-0"><div class="space-y-2"><div class="space-y-2 pb-2"><section class="prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none"><div><h2 id="#etymonline_v_205" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-4xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">bairn</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif text-2xl mobile:text-xl">(n.)</span></h2></div><section class="-mt-4 -mb-2 lg:-mb-2"><p>"child" (of either gender or any age), "son or daughter," Old English <i class="foreign notranslate">bearn</i> "child, son, descendant," from Proto-Germanic <i class="foreign notranslate">*barnan</i> (source also of Old Saxon <i class="foreign notranslate">barn</i>, Old Frisian <i class="foreign notranslate">bern</i>, Old High German <i class="foreign notranslate">barn</i> "child;" lost in modern German and Dutch), from PIE root <a rel="nofollow" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of *bher- " class="crossreference text-primary" href="/word/*bher-#etymonline_v_52553">*bher-</a> (1) "to carry," also "to bear children."</p> <p>Originally a general English word, in modern English restricted to northern England and Scottish from c. 1700. This was the English form of the original Germanic word for "child" (compare <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of child " class="crossreference text-primary" href="/word/child">child</a>). Dutch, Old High German <i class="foreign notranslate">kind</i>, German <i class="foreign notranslate">Kind</i> are from a prehistoric <i class="foreign notranslate">*gen-to-m</i> "born," from the same root as Latin <i class="foreign notranslate">gignere</i> (see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of genus " class="crossreference text-primary" href="/word/genus">genus</a> and compare <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of kind " class="crossreference text-primary" href="/word/kind#etymonline_v_1862">kind</a> (n.)). Middle English had <i class="foreign notranslate">bairn-team</i> "brood of children."</p></section><div class="-mb-6 lg:-mb-8"></div></section></div></div></div></div><div><div class="space-y-4"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">Entries linking to <em> bairn </em></h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of child" class="w-full group" href="/word/child"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_11261" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">child</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(n.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>Old English <i class="foreign notranslate">cild</i> "fetus, infant, unborn or newly born person," from Proto-Germanic <i class="foreign notranslate">*kiltham</i> (source also of Gothic <i class="foreign notranslate">kilþei</i> "womb," <i class="foreign notranslate">inkilþo</i> "pregnant;" Danish <i class="foreign notranslate">kuld</i> "children of the same marriage;" Old Swedish <i class="foreign notranslate">kulder</i> "litter;" Old English <i class="foreign notranslate">cildhama</i> "womb," lit. "child-home"); it has no certain cognates outside Germanic. "App[arently] originally always used in relation to the mother as the 'fruit of the womb'" [Buck].</p> <p>Also in late Old English, "a youth of gentle birth" (archaic, usually written <i class="foreign notranslate">childe</i>). In 16c.-17c. especially "girl child." The wider sense "young person before the onset of puberty" developed in late Old English. The phrase <strong><i class="foreign notranslate">with child</i></strong> "pregnant" (late 12c.) retains the original sense. The sense extension from "infant" to "child" also is found in French <i class="foreign notranslate">enfant</i>, Latin <i class="foreign notranslate">infans</i>. The meaning "one's own child; offspring of parents" is from late 12c. (the Old English word was <i class="foreign notranslate">bearn</i>; see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of bairn " class="crossreference text-primary" href="/word/bairn">bairn</a>). Figurative use from late 14c. Most Indo-European languages use the same word for "a child" and "one's child," though there are exceptions (such as Latin <i class="foreign notranslate">liberi</i>/<i class="foreign notranslate">pueri</i>).</p> <p>The difficulty with the plural began in Old English, where the nominative plural was at first <i class="foreign notranslate">cild</i>, identical with the singular, then c.975 a plural form <i class="foreign notranslate">cildru</i> (genitive <i class="foreign notranslate">cildra</i>) arose, probably for clarity's sake, only to be re-pluraled late 12c. as <i class="foreign notranslate">children</i>, which is thus a double plural. Middle English plural <i class="foreign notranslate">cildre</i> survives in Lancashire dialect <i class="foreign notranslate">childer</i> and in <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of Childermas " class="crossreference text-primary" href="/word/Childermas">Childermas</a>.</p> <p><strong><i class="foreign notranslate">Child abuse</i></strong> is attested by 1963; <strong><i class="foreign notranslate">child-molester</i></strong> from 1950. <strong><i class="foreign notranslate">Child care</i></strong> is from 1915. <strong><i class="foreign notranslate">Child's play</i></strong>, figurative of something easy, is in Chaucer (late 14c.):</p> <blockquote> I warne yow wel, it is no childes pley To take a wyf withouten auysement. ["Merchant's Tale"] </blockquote></section></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of genus" class="w-full group" href="/word/genus"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_6015" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">genus</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(n.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>(Latin plural <i class="foreign notranslate">genera</i>), 1550s as a term of logic, "kind or class of things" (biological sense dates from c. 1600), from Latin <i class="foreign notranslate">genus</i> (genitive <i class="foreign notranslate">generis</i>) "race, stock, kind; family, birth, descent, origin" (from suffixed form of PIE root <a rel="nofollow" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of *gene- " class="crossreference text-primary" href="/word/*gene-">*gene-</a> "give birth, beget," with derivatives referring to procreation and familial and tribal groups).</p></section></div></div></div><div class="mt-4"><ul class="list-none flex gap-2 flex-wrap"><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of kind" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/kind">kind</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of infant" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/infant">infant</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of *bher-" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/*bher-">*bher-</a></li><li><a role="button" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 border-medium min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-full [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none border-primary text-primary data-[hover=true]:!bg-primary data-[hover=true]:!text-primary-foreground text-sm sm:text-base md:text-lg font-sans bg-primary/10 dark:bg-primary/5 hover:text-white px-2 sm:px-3 md:px-4 whitespace-normal sm:whitespace-nowrap" href="/search?q=linking:bairn">See All Related Words (5)<div class="-ml-1"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="text-3xl text-inherit" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="space-y-2 w-full"><div class="relative"><span class="text-sm font-sans text-spanish-gray absolute -mt-6">Advertisement</span><div class="relative min-h-[90px] w-full"><div class="relative z-10 min-h-[90px] w-full flex items-center justify-center"><div id="div-gpt-ad-pc_wd_ngram" class="flex adsbygoogle items-center transition-all mt-1 w-full max-h-[250px]"><div class="w-full p-4 rounded-md min-w-[300px] items-center justify-center flex w-full h-full bg-secondary/50"><p class="text-foreground/80 text-center">Want to remove ads? <a class="text-primary hover:underline cursor-pointer" rel="nofollow" href="#">Log in</a> to see fewer ads, and become a <a class="text-primary hover:underline cursor-pointer" rel="nofollow" href="#">Premium Member</a> to remove all ads.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="min-h-unit-7"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">Trends of <em> bairn </em></h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><canvas role="img" height="150" width="300"></canvas><div class="text-left text-xs font-sans italic py-2 text-spanish-gray dark:text-davis-gray">adapted from books.google.com/ngrams/ with a 7-year moving average; ngrams are probably unreliable.</div></div><div class="space-y-4"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">More to explore</h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of kind" class="w-full group" href="/word/kind"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">kind</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title=""class, sort, variety," from Old English gecynd "kind, nature, race," related to cynn "family" (see kin), from Proto-Germanic *kundjaz "family, race," from PIE root *gene- "give birth, beget," with derivatives referring to procreation and familial and tribal groups. Ælfric's rend" class="block" href="/word/kind"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of kind">"class, sort, variety," from Old English gecynd "kind, nature, race," related to cynn "family" (see kin), from Proto-Germanic *kundjaz "family, race," from PIE root *gene- "give birth, beget," with derivatives referring to procreation and familial and tribal groups. Ælfric's rend</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of infant" class="w-full group" href="/word/infant"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">infant</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="late 14c., infant, infaunt, "a child," also especially "child during earliest period of life, a newborn" (sometimes meaning a fetus), from Latin infantem (nominative infans) "young child, babe in arms," noun use of adjective meaning "not able to speak," from in- "not, opposite of" class="block" href="/word/infant"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of infant">late 14c., infant, infaunt, "a child," also especially "child during earliest period of life, a newborn" (sometimes meaning a fetus), from Latin infantem (nominative infans) "young child, babe in arms," noun use of adjective meaning "not able to speak," from in- "not, opposite of</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of pup" class="w-full group" href="/word/pup"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">pup</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="An English-Latin wordbook from late 15c. for Latin pupa gives English pup-bairn...." class="block" href="/word/pup"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of pup">An English-Latin wordbook from late 15c. for Latin pupa gives English pup-bairn....</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of knave" class="w-full group" href="/word/knave"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">knave</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="But through Middle English it kept also its non-pejorative meaning, as in knave-child (Scottish knave-bairn) "male child...." class="block" href="/word/knave"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of knave">But through Middle English it kept also its non-pejorative meaning, as in knave-child (Scottish knave-bairn) "male child....</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of fry" class="w-full group" href="/word/fry"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">fry</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="late 13c., "cook (something) in a shallow pan over a fire," from Old French frire "to fry" (13c.), from Latin frigere "to roast or fry," from PIE *bher- "to cook, bake" (source also of Sanskrit bhrjjati "roasts," bharjanah "roasting;" Persian birishtan "to roast;" perhaps also Gr" class="block" href="/word/fry"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of fry">late 13c., "cook (something) in a shallow pan over a fire," from Old French frire "to fry" (13c.), from Latin frigere "to roast or fry," from PIE *bher- "to cook, bake" (source also of Sanskrit bhrjjati "roasts," bharjanah "roasting;" Persian birishtan "to roast;" perhaps also Gr</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of minor" class="w-full group" href="/word/minor"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">minor</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="early 13c., in frere menour "Franciscan friar," literally "minor friar," from Latin minor "less, lesser, smaller, junior," figuratively "inferior, less important," which was formed as a masculine/feminine form of minus on the mistaken assumption that minus was a neuter comparativ" class="block" href="/word/minor"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of minor">early 13c., in frere menour "Franciscan friar," literally "minor friar," from Latin minor "less, lesser, smaller, junior," figuratively "inferior, less important," which was formed as a masculine/feminine form of minus on the mistaken assumption that minus was a neuter comparativ</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of kid" class="w-full group" href="/word/kid"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">kid</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="c. 1200, "the young of a goat," from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse kið "young goat," from Proto-Germanic *kidjom (source also of Old High German kizzi, German kitze, Danish and Swedish kid), a word of uncertain origin. The extended meaning "child" is recorded as slang b" class="block" href="/word/kid"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of kid">c. 1200, "the young of a goat," from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse kið "young goat," from Proto-Germanic *kidjom (source also of Old High German kizzi, German kitze, Danish and Swedish kid), a word of uncertain origin. The extended meaning "child" is recorded as slang b</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of bruise" class="w-full group" href="/word/bruise"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">bruise</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="Old English brysan "to crush, pound, injure by a blow which discolors the skin," from Proto-Germanic *brusjan, from PIE root *bhreu- "to smash, cut, break up" (source also of Old Irish bronnaim "I wrong, I hurt;" Breton brezel "war," Vulgar Latin *brisare "to break"). It merged b" class="block" href="/word/bruise"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of bruise">Old English brysan "to crush, pound, injure by a blow which discolors the skin," from Proto-Germanic *brusjan, from PIE root *bhreu- "to smash, cut, break up" (source also of Old Irish bronnaim "I wrong, I hurt;" Breton brezel "war," Vulgar Latin *brisare "to break"). It merged b</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of collateral" class="w-full group" href="/word/collateral"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">collateral</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="late 14c., "accompanying, attendant" (especially as an auxiliary), also "descended from the same stock but in a different line" (distinguished from lineal), from Old French collateral (13c.), from Medieval Latin collateralis "accompanying," literally "side by side," from assimila" class="block" href="/word/collateral"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of collateral">late 14c., "accompanying, attendant" (especially as an auxiliary), also "descended from the same stock but in a different line" (distinguished from lineal), from Old French collateral (13c.), from Medieval Latin collateralis "accompanying," literally "side by side," from assimila</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of protest" class="w-full group" href="/word/protest"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">protest</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="c. 1400, "avowal, pledge, solemn declaration," from Old French protest, from protester, from Latin protestari "declare publicly, testify, protest," from pro- "forth, before" (from PIE root *per- (1) "forward," hence "in front of, before") + testari "testify," from testis "witness" class="block" href="/word/protest"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of protest">c. 1400, "avowal, pledge, solemn declaration," from Old French protest, from protester, from Latin protestari "declare publicly, testify, protest," from pro- "forth, before" (from PIE root *per- (1) "forward," hence "in front of, before") + testari "testify," from testis "witness</div></a></div></div></div><div><div class="w-full space-y-4 pb-4"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">Share <em>bairn</em></h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><div class="flex gap-4 items-center"><button class="text-lg bg-secondary font-bold text-battleship-gray/80 px-4 py-2 rounded-full transition-colors hover:text-primary">‘cite’</button><button class="text-2xl bg-secondary text-battleship-gray/80 cursor-pointer hover:text-[#1877f2] p-2 rounded-full" rel="nofollow"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 320 512" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M279.14 288l14.22-92.66h-88.91v-60.13c0-25.35 12.42-50.06 52.24-50.06h40.42V6.26S260.43 0 225.36 0c-73.22 0-121.08 44.38-121.08 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(n.d.). Etymology of bairn. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved May 5, 2025, from https://www.etymonline.com/word/bairn</button><button class="absolute bottom-2 right-2 px-2 py-1 rounded-full transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center gap-2 border text-battleship-gray hover:text-battleship-gray/70 dark:text-white/70 dark:hover:text-spanish-gray bg-spanish-gray dark:bg-secondary hover:bg-spanish-gray dark:hover:bg-slate-gray active:bg-battleship-gray dark:active:bg-slate-gray border-spanish-gray dark:border-slate-gray" title="Copy APA Style"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="w-4 h-4" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M320 448v40c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24V120c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h72v296c0 30.879 25.121 56 56 56h168zm0-344V0H152c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v368c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h272c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V128H344c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm120.971-31.029L375.029 7.029A24 24 0 0 0 358.059 0H352v96h96v-6.059a24 24 0 0 0-7.029-16.97z"></path></svg><span class="text-sm font-medium font-sans">Copy</span></button></div></div><div class="mb-6 last:mb-0"><div class="font-medium mb-3 text-slate-gray dark:text-spanish-gray">Chicago Style:</div><div class="relative group" data-copy-hint="Copy Chicago Style"><button class="w-full min-h-[80px] p-3 border border-spanish-gray dark:border-white/70 rounded-md bg-white dark:bg-background/30 text-davis-gray dark:text-white/70 leading-relaxed overflow-auto text-left cursor-text" aria-label="select and copy Chicago Style" type="button">Harper Douglas, "Etymology of bairn," Online Etymology Dictionary, accessed May 5, 2025, https://www.etymonline.com/word/bairn.</button><button class="absolute bottom-2 right-2 px-2 py-1 rounded-full transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center gap-2 border text-battleship-gray hover:text-battleship-gray/70 dark:text-white/70 dark:hover:text-spanish-gray bg-spanish-gray dark:bg-secondary hover:bg-spanish-gray dark:hover:bg-slate-gray active:bg-battleship-gray dark:active:bg-slate-gray border-spanish-gray dark:border-slate-gray" title="Copy Chicago Style"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="w-4 h-4" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M320 448v40c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24V120c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h72v296c0 30.879 25.121 56 56 56h168zm0-344V0H152c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v368c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h272c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V128H344c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm120.971-31.029L375.029 7.029A24 24 0 0 0 358.059 0H352v96h96v-6.059a24 24 0 0 0-7.029-16.97z"></path></svg><span class="text-sm font-medium font-sans">Copy</span></button></div></div><div class="mb-6 last:mb-0"><div class="font-medium mb-3 text-slate-gray dark:text-spanish-gray">MLA Style:</div><div class="relative group" data-copy-hint="Copy MLA Style"><button class="w-full min-h-[80px] p-3 border border-spanish-gray dark:border-white/70 rounded-md bg-white dark:bg-background/30 text-davis-gray dark:text-white/70 leading-relaxed overflow-auto text-left cursor-text" aria-label="select and copy MLA Style" type="button">Harper, Douglas. 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109.7 162.7 26.7 63.1 40.2 130.2 40.2 199.3s-13.5 136.2-40.2 199.3C958 772.3 921 827 874 874c-47 47-101.8 83.9-162.7 109.7-63.1 26.8-130.2 40.3-199.3 40.3z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="w-full"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none bg-secondary/20 shadow-none border border-secondary/30 rounded-md min-w-[300px] w-full" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large font-medium font-sans text-davis-gray items-start justify-start hyphens-auto" lang="en"><span>Dictionary entries near <em>bairn</em></span></div><hr class="shrink-0 bg-divider border-none w-full h-divider" role="separator"/><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased"><ul class="list-none list-none grid grid-cols-1"><li><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of bailey" class="w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/bailey"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">bailey</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of bailiff" class="w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/bailiff"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">bailiff</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of bailiwick" class="w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/bailiwick"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">bailiwick</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of bailout" class="w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/bailout"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">bailout</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of bain-marie" class="w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/bain-marie"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">bain-marie</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><span class="w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto opacity-50 cursor-not-allowed"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span>bairn</span></span></span></li><li><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of bait" class="w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/bait"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">bait</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of baited" class="w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/baited"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">baited</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" 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word indicate the earliest year for which there is a surviving written record of that word (in English, unless otherwise indicated). This should be taken as approximate, especially before about 1700, since a word may have been used in conversation for hundreds of years before it turns up in a manuscript that has had the good fortune to survive the centuries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe basic sources of this work are Weekley's \"An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English,\" Klein's \"A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language,\" \"Oxford English Dictionary\" (second edition), \"Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology,\" Holthausen's \"Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Englischen Sprache,\" and Kipfer and Chapman's \"Dictionary of American Slang.\"A full list of print sources used in this compilation can be found \u003ca rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"/columns/post/sources\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eSince this dictionary went up, it has benefited from the suggestions of dozens of people I have never met, from around the world. 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Etymology Dictionary\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https://www.etymonline.com/search?q={search_term_string}\u0026utm_campaign=sd\u0026utm_medium=serp\u0026utm_source=ds_search\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}]},{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"name\":\"Etymology of \\\"bairn\\\" by etymonline\",\"url\":\"https://www.etymonline.com/word/bairn\",\"description\":\"\\\"child\\\" (of either gender or any age), \\\"son or daughter,\\\" Old English bearn \\\"child, son,… See origin and meaning of bairn.\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"h"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ttps://www.etymonline.com#website\"}},{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":[\"DefinedTermSet\",\"Book\"],\"@id\":\"https://www.etymonline.com\",\"name\":\"Dictionary and etymology by etymonline\",\"description\":\"An online etymology dictionary providing the origin and history of English words\"},{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"https://www.etymonline.com/word/bairn\",\"name\":\"bairn\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https://www.etymonline.com\"}]2d:T630,\u003cp\u003e\"child\" (of either gender or any age), \"son or daughter,\" Old English \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ebearn\u003c/span\u003e \"child, son, descendant,\" from Proto-Germanic \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e*barnan\u003c/span\u003e (source also of Old Saxon \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ebarn\u003c/span\u003e, Old Frisian \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ebern\u003c/span\u003e, Old High German \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ebarn\u003c/span\u003e \"child;\" lost in modern German and Dutch), from PIE root \u003ca href=\"/word/*bher-#etymonline_v_52553\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of *bher- \"rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"crossreference\"\u003e*bher-\u003c/a\u003e (1) \"to carry,\" also \"to bear children.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOriginally a general English word, in modern English restricted to northern England and Scottish from c. 1700. This was the English form of the original Germanic word for \"child\" (compare \u003ca href=\"/word/child\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of child \" class=\"crossreference\"\u003echild\u003c/a\u003e). Dutch, Old High German \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ekind\u003c/span\u003e, German \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eKind\u003c/span\u003e are from a prehistoric \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e*gen-to-m\u003c/span\u003e \"born,\" from the same root as Latin \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003egignere\u003c/span\u003e (see \u003ca href=\"/word/genus\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of genus \" class=\"crossreference\"\u003egenus\u003c/a\u003e and compare \u003ca href=\"/word/kind#etymonline_v_1862\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of kind \" class=\"crossreference\"\u003ekind\u003c/a\u003e (n.)). Middle English had \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ebairn-team\u003c/span\u003e \"brood of children.\"\u003c/p\u003e2f:Tbe"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp\u003eOld English \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ecild\u003c/span\u003e \"fetus, infant, unborn or newly born person,\" from Proto-Germanic \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e*kiltham\u003c/span\u003e (source also of Gothic \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ekilþei\u003c/span\u003e \"womb,\" \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003einkilþo\u003c/span\u003e \"pregnant;\" Danish \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ekuld\u003c/span\u003e \"children of the same marriage;\" Old Swedish \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ekulder\u003c/span\u003e \"litter;\" Old English \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ecildhama\u003c/span\u003e \"womb,\" lit. \"child-home\"); it has no certain cognates outside Germanic. \"App[arently] originally always used in relation to the mother as the 'fruit of the womb'\" [Buck].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlso in late Old English, \"a youth of gentle birth\" (archaic, usually written \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003echilde\u003c/span\u003e). In 16c.-17c. especially \"girl child.\" The wider sense \"young person before the onset of puberty\" developed in late Old English. The phrase \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ewith child\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e \"pregnant\" (late 12c.) retains the original sense. The sense extension from \"infant\" to \"child\" also is found in French \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eenfant\u003c/span\u003e, Latin \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003einfans\u003c/span\u003e. The meaning \"one's own child; offspring of parents\" is from late 12c. (the Old English word was \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ebearn\u003c/span\u003e; see \u003ca href=\"/word/bairn\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of bairn \" class=\"crossreference\"\u003ebairn\u003c/a\u003e). Figurative use from late 14c. Most Indo-European languages use the same word for \"a child\" and \"one's child,\" though there are exceptions (such as Latin \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eliberi\u003c/span\u003e/\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003epueri\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe difficulty with the plural began in Old English, where the nominative plural was at first \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ecild\u003c/span\u003e, identical with the singular, then c.975 a plural form \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ecildru\u003c/span\u003e (genitive \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ecildra\u003c/span\u003e) arose, probably for clarity's sake, only to be re-pluraled late 12c. as \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003echildren\u003c/span\u003e, which is thus a double plural. Middle English plural \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ecildre\u003c/span\u003e survives in Lancashire dialect \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003echilder\u003c/span\u003e and in \u003ca href=\"/word/Childermas\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of Childermas \" class=\"crossreference\"\u003eChildermas\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eChild abuse\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e is attested by 1963; \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003echild-molester\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e from 1950. \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eChild care\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e is from 1915. \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eChild's play\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e, figurative of something easy, is in Chaucer (late 14c.):\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n I warne yow wel, it is no childes pley To take a wyf withouten auysement. [\"Merchant's Tale\"]\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8:[[\"$\",\"script\",null,{\"type\":\"application/ld+json\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"$2a\"}}],[\"$\",\"section\",null,{\"className\":\"flex flex-col lg:flex-row gap-12 justify-center\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"w-full lg:w-[728px] items-start\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L2b\",null,{\"slot\":\"pc_wd_top\",\"className\":\"h-[90px] w-[728px]\",\"isMobile\":false,\"wrapperConfigs\":{\"base\":{\"type\":\"main\",\"closeType\":\"none\",\"labelType\":\"none\"},\"lg\":{\"type\":\"normal\",\"closeType\":\"remove\",\"labelType\":\"none\"}}}]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-4 space-y-12 mobile:space-y-8 w-full\",\"children\":[\"$undefined\",[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-4\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-2\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"h1\",null,{\"className\":\"font-sans text-2xl\",\"lang\":\"en\",\"children\":[\"Origin and history of \",[\"$\",\"em\",\"word0\",{\"children\":[\" \",\"bairn\",\" \"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"hr\",null,{\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"className\":\"shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider\",\"role\":\"separator\",\"data-orientation\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"bg-white mobile:bg-transparent dark:bg-secondary dark:mobile:bg-transparent rounded-lg lg:shadow-sm pl-6 pr-6 pt-2 pb-6 mobile:p-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L2c\",null,{\"vocabularies\":[{\"doc_id\":\"eae27d77ca20db309e056e3d2dcd7d69_ev\",\"domain_id\":205,\"word\":\"bairn\",\"toxicity\":3,\"type\":0,\"thumbnail\":false,\"property\":\"(n.)\",\"etymology\":\"$2d\",\"etymology_plain\":\"\\\"child\\\" (of either gender or any age), \\\"son or daughter,\\\" Old English bearn \\\"child, son, descendant,\\\" from Proto-Germanic *barnan (source also of Old Saxon barn, Old Frisian bern, Old High German barn \\\"child;\\\" lost in modern German and Dutch), from PIE root *bher- (1) \\\"to carry,\\\" also \\\"to bear children.\\\" Originally a general English word, in modern English restricted to northern England and Scottish from c. 1700. This was the English form of the original Germanic word for \\\"child\\\" (compare child). Dutch, Old High German kind, German Kind are from a prehistoric *gen-to-m \\\"born,\\\" from the same root as Latin gignere (see genus and compare kind (n.)). Middle English had bairn-team \\\"brood of children.\\\"\",\"first_recorded\":\"\",\"content_length\":705,\"modify_time\":1664795613000}],\"showLabel\":false,\"isMobile\":false,\"insertAds\":true,\"showTranslate\":true}]}]]}],false,[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-4\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-1\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"h2\",null,{\"className\":\"font-sans text-xl\",\"lang\":\"en\",\"children\":[\"Entries linking to \",[\"$\",\"em\",\"word0\",{\"children\":[\" \",\"bairn\",\" \"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mb-4\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"hr\",null,{\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"className\":\"shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider\",\"role\":\"separator\",\"data-orientation\":\"$undefined\"}]}]]}],[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"child\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2e\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_11261\",\"domain_id\":\"11261\",\"word\":\"child\",\"canonical_word\":\"child\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"(n.)\",\"etymology\":\"$2f\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"locale_code\":\"en\",\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":false,\"hostType\":\"MAIN\"}],false]}],[\"$\",\"$1\",\"genus\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2e\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_6015\",\"domain_id\":\"6015\",\"word\":\"genus\",\"canonical_word\":\"genus\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"(n.)\",\"etymology\":\"\u003cp\u003e(Latin plural \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003egenera\u003c/span\u003e), 1550s as a term of logic, \\\"kind or class of things\\\" (biological sense dates from c. 1600), from Latin \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003egenus\u003c/span\u003e (genitive \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003egeneris\u003c/span\u003e) \\\"race, stock, kind; family, birth, descent, origin\\\" (from suffixed form of PIE root \u003ca href=\\\"/word/*gene-\\\" title=\\\"Etymology, meaning and definition of *gene- \\\"rel=\\\"nofollow\\\" class=\\\"crossreference\\\"\u003e*gene-\u003c/a\u003e \\\"give birth, beget,\\\" with derivatives referring to procreation and familial and tribal groups).\u003c/p\u003e\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"locale_code\":\"en\",\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":false,\"hostType\":\"MAIN\"}],false]}]]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-4\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"ul\",null,{\"className\":\"list-none flex gap-2 flex-wrap\",\"children\":[[[\"$\",\"li\",\"kind\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L30\",null,{\"radius\":\"sm\",\"as\":\"$17\",\"title\":\"Origin and meaning of kind\",\"className\":\"bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white\",\"href\":\"/word/kind\",\"prefetch\":false,\"children\":\"kind\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"infant\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L30\",null,{\"radius\":\"sm\",\"as\":\"$17\",\"title\":\"Origin and meaning of infant\",\"className\":\"bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white\",\"href\":\"/word/infant\",\"prefetch\":false,\"children\":\"infant\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"*bher-\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L30\",null,{\"radius\":\"sm\",\"as\":\"$17\",\"title\":\"Origin and meaning of *bher-\",\"className\":\"bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white\",\"href\":\"/word/*bher-\",\"prefetch\":false,\"children\":\"*bher-\"}]}]],[\"$\",\"li\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L30\",null,{\"radius\":\"full\",\"as\":\"$17\",\"variant\":\"ghost\",\"color\":\"primary\",\"className\":\"text-sm sm:text-base md:text-lg font-sans bg-primary/10 dark:bg-primary/5 hover:text-white px-2 sm:px-3 md:px-4 whitespace-normal sm:whitespace-nowrap 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sort, variety,\\\" from Old English gecynd \\\"kind, nature, race,\\\" related to cynn \\\"family\\\" (see kin), from Proto-Germanic *kundjaz \\\"family, race,\\\" from PIE root *gene- \\\"give birth, beget,\\\" with derivatives referring to procreation and familial and tribal groups. Ælfric's rend\"},{\"key\":\"linked\",\"word\":\"infant\",\"desc\":\"late 14c., infant, infaunt, \\\"a child,\\\" also especially \\\"child during earliest period of life, a newborn\\\" (sometimes meaning a fetus), from Latin infantem (nominative infans) \\\"young child, babe in arms,\\\" noun use of adjective meaning \\\"not able to speak,\\\" from in- \\\"not, opposite of\"},{\"word\":\"pup\",\"desc\":\"An English-Latin wordbook from late 15c. for Latin pupa gives English pup-bairn....\"},{\"word\":\"knave\",\"desc\":\"But through Middle English it kept also its non-pejorative meaning, as in knave-child (Scottish knave-bairn) \\\"male child....\"},{\"key\":\"other_relation\",\"word\":\"fry\",\"desc\":\"late 13c., \\\"cook (something) in a shallow pan over a fire,\\\" from Old French frire \\\"to fry\\\" (13c.), from Latin frigere \\\"to roast or fry,\\\" from PIE *bher- \\\"to cook, bake\\\" (source also of Sanskrit bhrjjati \\\"roasts,\\\" bharjanah \\\"roasting;\\\" Persian birishtan \\\"to roast;\\\" perhaps also Gr\"},{\"key\":\"other_relation\",\"word\":\"minor\",\"desc\":\"early 13c., in frere menour \\\"Franciscan friar,\\\" literally \\\"minor friar,\\\" from Latin minor \\\"less, lesser, smaller, junior,\\\" figuratively \\\"inferior, less important,\\\" which was formed as a masculine/feminine form of minus on the mistaken assumption that minus was a neuter comparativ\"},{\"key\":\"other_relation\",\"word\":\"kid\",\"desc\":\"c. 1200, \\\"the young of a goat,\\\" from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse kið \\\"young goat,\\\" from Proto-Germanic *kidjom (source also of Old High German kizzi, German kitze, Danish and Swedish kid), a word of uncertain origin. The extended meaning \\\"child\\\" is recorded as slang b\"},{\"key\":\"complete\",\"word\":\"bruise\",\"desc\":\"Old English brysan \\\"to crush, pound, injure by a blow which discolors the skin,\\\" from Proto-Germanic *brusjan, from PIE root *bhreu- \\\"to smash, cut, break up\\\" (source also of Old Irish bronnaim \\\"I wrong, I hurt;\\\" Breton brezel \\\"war,\\\" Vulgar Latin *brisare \\\"to break\\\"). 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