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href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Seminary</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="معهد لاهوتي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معهد لاهوتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminariya" title="Seminariya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Seminariya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminaryo" title="Seminaryo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Seminaryo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Семинария – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Семинария" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloerdi" title="Kloerdi – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kloerdi" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminari" title="Seminari – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Seminari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kn%C4%9B%C5%BEsk%C3%BD_semin%C3%A1%C5%99" title="Kněžský seminář – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kněžský seminář" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theologisches_Seminar" title="Theologisches Seminar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Theologisches Seminar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminar" title="Seminar – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Seminar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminario" title="Seminario – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Seminario" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apaizgaitegi" title="Apaizgaitegi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Apaizgaitegi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87" title="حوزه علمیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حوزه علمیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9minaire_(religion)" title="Séminaire (religion) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Séminaire (religion)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminarium" title="Seminarium – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Seminarium" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="신학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Սեմինարիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սեմինարիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjemeni%C5%A1te" title="Sjemenište – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sjemenište" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminario" title="Seminario – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Seminario" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminari" title="Seminari – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Seminari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="סמינר לכמרים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סמינר לכמרים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminari" title="Seminari – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Seminari" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Семинария – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Семинария" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminari" title="Seminari – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Seminari" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminarium" title="Seminarium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Seminarium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunig%C5%B3_seminarija" title="Kunigų seminarija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kunigų seminarija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminari" title="Seminari – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Seminari" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szemin%C3%A1rium_(teol%C3%B3gia)" title="Szeminárium (teológia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szeminárium (teológia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Богословија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Богословија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="സെമിനാരി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സെമിനാരി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminarie" title="Seminarie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Seminarie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1" title="神学校 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="神学校" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminar_(kirkelig)" title="Seminar (kirkelig) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Seminar (kirkelig)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminarium_duchowne" title="Seminarium duchowne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Seminarium duchowne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semin%C3%A1rio" title="Seminário – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Seminário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminar_teologic" title="Seminar teologic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Seminar teologic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Семинария – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Семинария" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Семинария – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Семинария" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Seminary" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semeni%C5%A1%C4%8De" title="Semenišče – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Semenišče" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Сјемениште – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сјемениште" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjemeni%C5%A1te" title="Sjemenište – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sjemenište" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pappisseminaari" title="Pappisseminaari – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pappisseminaari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teologiskt_seminarium" title="Teologiskt seminarium – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Teologiskt seminarium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="เซมินารี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซมินารี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminer_(okul)" title="Seminer (okul) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Seminer (okul)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Семінарія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Семінарія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87n_th%E1%BA%A7n_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Viện thần học – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Viện thần học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="神學院 – Cantonese" lang="yue" 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#b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>may not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seminary&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Seminary" title="Talk:Seminary">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2008-1226-Pasadena-005-FullerTS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/2008-1226-Pasadena-005-FullerTS.jpg/250px-2008-1226-Pasadena-005-FullerTS.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/2008-1226-Pasadena-005-FullerTS.jpg/375px-2008-1226-Pasadena-005-FullerTS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/2008-1226-Pasadena-005-FullerTS.jpg/500px-2008-1226-Pasadena-005-FullerTS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fuller_Theological_Seminary" title="Fuller Theological Seminary">Fuller Theological Seminary</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, California</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IssySaintSulpice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/IssySaintSulpice.jpg/250px-IssySaintSulpice.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/IssySaintSulpice.jpg/375px-IssySaintSulpice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/IssySaintSulpice.jpg/500px-IssySaintSulpice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sulpice_Seminary_(France)" title="Saint-Sulpice Seminary (France)">Saint-Sulpice Seminary</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Issy-les-Moulineaux" title="Issy-les-Moulineaux">Issy-les-Moulineaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>seminary</b>, <b>school of theology</b>, <b>theological college</b>, or <b>divinity school</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Educational_institution" title="Educational institution">educational institution</a> for educating students (sometimes called <b>seminarians</b>) in <a href="/wiki/Scripture" class="mw-redirect" title="Scripture">scripture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">theology</a>, generally to prepare them for <a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">ordination</a> to serve as <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergy</a>, in academics, or mostly in <a href="/wiki/Christian_ministry" title="Christian ministry">Christian ministry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The English word is taken from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">seminarium</i>, translated as 'seed-bed', an image taken from the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a> document <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Cum adolescentium aetas</i></span>, 'Since the age of adolescence' which called for the first modern seminaries.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, the term is currently used for <a href="/wiki/Graduate-level" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate-level">graduate-level</a> theological institutions, but historically it was used for <a href="/wiki/High_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="High schools">high schools</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seminary&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The establishment of seminaries in modern times resulted from Roman Catholic reforms of the <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These Tridentine seminaries placed great emphasis on spiritual formation and personal discipline as well as the study, first of philosophy as a base, and, then, as the final crown, theology.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest Catholic seminary in the United States is <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Seminary_and_University" title="St. Mary's Seminary and University">St. Mary's Seminary and University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> founded in 1791.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, Protestant institutions also widely adopted the term 'seminary' for independent graduate schools (separate from a university) to train their ministers. The oldest such Protestant seminary in the United States was founded in <a href="/wiki/Andover,_Massachusetts" title="Andover, Massachusetts">Andover, Massachusetts</a>, in 1807 as the <a href="/wiki/Andover_Theological_Seminary" title="Andover Theological Seminary">Andover Theological Seminary</a> and was affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Congregationalism_in_the_United_States" title="Congregationalism in the United States">Congregationalist Church</a>. After two mergers and a number of relocations, Andover is now part of the <a href="/wiki/Yale_Divinity_School" title="Yale Divinity School">Yale Divinity School</a>, in <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roman_Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seminary&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Roman Catholicism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>General guidelines for seminary formation are set out in the governing document as of 2016 is <i>Ratio Fundamentalis Institutionis Sacerdotalis</i>, 1992's <i><a href="/wiki/Pastores_dabo_vobis" title="Pastores dabo vobis">Pastores dabo vobis</a></i>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law#Book_II._The_People_of_God_(Cann._204-746)" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">Code of Canon Law</a></i>. Seminaries are overseen by regional <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">conferences of bishops</a>. In the United States, the governing document is <i>Program of Priestly Formation: in the United States of America (6th Ed.)</i>, published by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops" title="United States Conference of Catholic Bishops">United States Conference of Catholic Bishops</a> in 2022. </p><p>Seminaries in the Catholic Church are divided into <a href="/wiki/Minor_seminary" title="Minor seminary">minor seminaries</a> for teenagers and major seminaries for adults, including both college seminaries, sometimes also known as minor seminaries, for undergraduate students and post-graduate seminaries for those who already have a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a>. There are also seminaries for older adults who are well out of school, such as the <a href="/wiki/Pope_St._John_XXIII_National_Seminary" title="Pope St. John XXIII National Seminary">Pope St. John XXIII National Seminary</a> in Massachusetts, and for other more specialized purposes. </p><p>All seminaries are run either by <a href="/wiki/Religious_order" title="Religious order">religious orders</a> or by <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">dioceses</a> or other similar structures. Often a seminary will train both that particular order's or diocese's priests and the priests of other orders or dioceses that select that particular seminary for its priests. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Seminary_(Massachusetts)" title="Saint John's Seminary (Massachusetts)">Saint John's Seminary</a> in Boston, Massachusetts trains priests for many of the other dioceses in New England which are <a href="/wiki/Suffragan_diocese" title="Suffragan diocese">suffragan dioceses</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Boston" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston</a>. Either way, a man who seeks to enter a seminary to become a priest must be sponsored by either a diocese or by a religious order. </p><p>Often a diocese might be attached to or affiliated with a larger Catholic college or university so that the larger college and its faculty provides more general education in history or theology while the seminary focuses on topics specific to the needs of future priests, such as training in <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">canon law</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">sacraments</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Preaching" class="mw-redirect" title="Preaching">preaching</a>, or specific to the particular order or diocese. For instance the <a href="/wiki/Theological_College_(Catholic_University_of_America)" title="Theological College (Catholic University of America)">Theological College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, is part of <a href="/wiki/The_Catholic_University_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="The Catholic University of America">The Catholic University of America</a>. </p><p>Further, in Rome there are several seminaries which educate seminarians or already ordained priests and bishops and which are maintained by orders or dioceses from outside of Italy. Many countries have their own <a href="/wiki/Roman_Colleges" title="Roman Colleges">pontifical seminary</a> in Italy, usually very close to the Vatican. For instance, the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_North_American_College" title="Pontifical North American College">Pontifical North American College</a>, which trains priests from the United States and elsewhere, is supported by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops" title="United States Conference of Catholic Bishops">United States Conference of Catholic Bishops</a>. These colleges usually award degrees to seminarians and priests pursuing further education and specializing in specific fields such as <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Scripture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">hagiography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moral_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Moral theology">moral theology</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Canon_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon Law">Canon Law</a>, among countless others. In addition to civil degrees, these pontifical seminaries confer ecclesiastical degrees (<a href="/wiki/Baccalaureate_of_Sacred_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Baccalaureate of Sacred Theology">Baccalaureate of Sacred Theology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Licentiate_of_Sacred_Theology" title="Licentiate of Sacred Theology">Licentiate of Sacred Theology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Doctorate_of_Sacred_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctorate of Sacred Theology">Doctorate of Sacred Theology</a>), which are backed by the Holy See. Only some <a href="/wiki/Catholic_higher_education" title="Catholic higher education">Catholic universities</a> may bestow these degrees; these are called <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_university" title="Ecclesiastical university">ecclesiastical</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_university" title="Pontifical university">pontifical universities</a>. The only pontifical <i>seminary</i> outside of Italy is the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_College_Josephinum" title="Pontifical College Josephinum">Pontifical College Josephinum</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a>. </p><p>As outlined by the <i>Ratio</i>, Catholic seminary formation is composed of four major components, or dimensions: human, spiritual, intellectual and pastoral. The <b>human dimension</b> focuses on the seminarian's ability to relate to others, show etiquette, and care for himself (in what he eats, frequency of exercise, healthcare, etc.). The <b>spiritual dimension</b> aids the seminarian in becoming more responsive to God and forming a habit of prayer throughout the day. It also emphasizes the importance of the <a href="/wiki/Sacraments" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacraments">Sacraments</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgy</a>. The <b>intellectual dimension</b> consists of academic classes, usually beginning with a college degree, usually a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Philosophy" title="Bachelor of Philosophy">Bachelor of Philosophy</a>, and terminating in a higher degree, such as a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">Master of Arts</a> in Theology or a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Divinity" title="Master of Divinity">Master of Divinity</a>. The <b>pastoral dimension</b> helps to develop pastoral familiarity with situations such as <a href="/wiki/Bedside_manner" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedside manner">bedside manner</a>, marriage, and life in the parish. </p><p>For Catholic seminarians, seminary formation can be divided into four distinct stages of formation. </p> <ol><li><b>Propaedeutic Stage</b>: the seminarian primarily grows in prayer and his relationship with God, study of Scripture, and Church teaching. He also significantly grows in the human dimension. This stage lasts from 12 months to three years and can be compared in many ways to a <a href="/wiki/Postulant" title="Postulant">postulant</a> in religious life.</li> <li><b>Discipleship Stage</b>: the seminarian begins his academic studies and continues to follow Christ as a disciple. If he entered out of high school, he usually pursues the Bachelor of Arts, which takes four years. If he did some college, he pursues the same degree, but it may take less time. If he already achieved a college degree, he pursues a two-year Bachelor of Philosophy.</li> <li><b>Configuration Stage</b>: the seminarian becomes configured to Christ. At this point, he has a regular habit of prayer. Focus in formation becomes more and more pastoral, as he gets closer to ordination. At the beginning of this stage, he receives candidacy (similar to <a href="/wiki/Tonsure" title="Tonsure">Tonsure</a>), which means he is expected to eventually be ordained. The seminarian may (depending on his region) begin wearing <a href="/wiki/Clerical_attire" class="mw-redirect" title="Clerical attire">clerical attire</a>. This stage usually lasts three to four years and ends in master's degree.</li> <li><b>Vocational Synthesis Stage</b>: the seminarian is ordained. He becomes a <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a> and transitions into parish life for a period of at least six months. He becomes a priest thereafter, usually becoming a <a href="/wiki/Parochial_vicar" class="mw-redirect" title="Parochial vicar">parochial vicar</a> before becoming a <a href="/wiki/Pastor" title="Pastor">pastor</a>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protestantism">Protestantism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seminary&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Protestantism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Theological_Seminary" title="Dallas Theological Seminary">Dallas Theological Seminary</a> (DTS) is an <a href="/wiki/Evangelical" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical">evangelical</a> <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theological</a> seminary in <a href="/wiki/Dallas,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas, Texas">Dallas, Texas</a>. It is known for popularizing the theological system of <a href="/wiki/Dispensationalism" title="Dispensationalism">dispensationalism</a>. DTS has campuses in Dallas, <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Continuing_education" title="Continuing education">extension sites</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a>, Northwest <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, Europe, and <a href="/wiki/Guatemala_City" title="Guatemala City">Guatemala</a>, and a multilingual <a href="/wiki/Online_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Online education">online education</a> program. DTS is the largest non-denominational seminary accredited by the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Theological_Schools_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada">Association of Theological Schools</a>. </p><p>DTS was founded as "Evangelical Theological College" in 1924 by Rollin T. Chafer and his brother, <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Sperry_Chafer" title="Lewis Sperry Chafer">Lewis Sperry Chafer</a>, who taught the first class of thirteen students, and <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Griffith_Thomas" class="mw-redirect" title="William Henry Griffith Thomas">William Henry Griffith Thomas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-DTSLibrary_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DTSLibrary-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was to have been the school's first theology professor but died before the first classes began.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their vision was a school where <a href="/wiki/Expository_preaching" title="Expository preaching">expository</a> <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> preaching was taught simply, and under Chafers' leadership, DTS pioneered one of the first four-year degrees in theology, the <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Theology" title="Master of Theology">Master of Theology</a> (Th.M.). The present location of the school was purchased in 1926 and <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Theology" title="Doctor of Theology">Doctor of Theology</a> (Th.D.) program was started in 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-dtsmile_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dtsmile-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chafer remained president until his death in 1952. </p><p>The seminary had a considerable influence in the <a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">fundamentalist</a> movement by training students who established various <a href="/wiki/Bible_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible College">Bible Colleges</a> and independent fundamentalist churches in the southern United States.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Council_for_Evangelical_Theological_Education" title="International Council for Evangelical Theological Education">International Council for Evangelical Theological Education</a> was founded in 1980 by the Theological Commission of the <a href="/wiki/World_Evangelical_Alliance" title="World Evangelical Alliance">World Evangelical Alliance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, it would have 1,000 member schools in 113 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses_of_the_term">Other uses of the term</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seminary&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other uses of the term"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some countries, the term <i>seminary</i> is also used for secular schools of higher education that train teachers; in the nineteenth century, many <a href="/wiki/Female_seminary" title="Female seminary">female seminaries</a> were established in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (LDS Church) hosts seminary classes for <a href="/wiki/High_school" class="mw-redirect" title="High school">high school</a> students ages 14 to 18, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Church_Educational_System" title="Church Educational System">Church Educational System</a>. Unlike use in other religious contexts, the word "seminary", in an LDS Church context, does not refer to a higher education program designed to train students that they may obtain a church-based career.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> LDS seminary students do not get high school credit for their seminary studies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seminary&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/Minor_seminary" title="Minor seminary">Minor seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_seminary" title="Female seminary">Female seminary</a></li> <li>Jewish use: <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">Yeshiva</a>, and especially <a href="/wiki/Midrasha" title="Midrasha">Midrasha</a>, the women's equivalent, widely referred to as "seminaries"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seminary&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1">"Seminary". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141226235348/http://www.merriam-webster.com/concise/seminary"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica Concise</i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/concise/seminary">the original</a> on 2014-12-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-12-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Seminary&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Concise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fconcise%2Fseminary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeminary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">XXIII Session, <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a>, ch. XVIII. Retrieved from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Waterworth1848" class="citation book cs1">J. Waterworth, ed. (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.hanover.edu/texts/trent/ct23.html"><i>The Canons and Decrees of the Sacred and Oecumenical Council of Trent</i></a>. London: Dolman. pp. 170–92. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090610224316/http://history.hanover.edu/texts/trent/ct23.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canons+and+Decrees+of+the+Sacred+and+Oecumenical+Council+of+Trent&rft.place=London&rft.pages=170-92&rft.pub=Dolman&rft.date=1848&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.hanover.edu%2Ftexts%2Ftrent%2Fct23.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeminary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlazierHellwig2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Glazier, Michael; Hellwig, Monika, eds. (2004). "Ecumenical Councils to Trent". <i>The Modern Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. Collegeville, Michigan: Liturgical Press. p. 263. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5962-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5962-5"><bdi>978-0-8146-5962-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ecumenical+Councils+to+Trent&rft.btitle=The+Modern+Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Collegeville%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5962-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeminary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose2002" class="citation book cs1">Rose, Michael S. (2002). <i>Goodbye, Good Men</i>. Regnery Publishing. pp. 217–25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89526-144-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-89526-144-8"><bdi>0-89526-144-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Goodbye%2C+Good+Men&rft.pages=217-25&rft.pub=Regnery+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-89526-144-8&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Michael+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeminary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stmarys.edu/seminary/about-us/history-mission/">"History and Mission: America's First Seminary"</a>. <i>St. Mary's Seminary and University</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St.+Mary%27s+Seminary+and+University&rft.atitle=History+and+Mission%3A+America%27s+First+Seminary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stmarys.edu%2Fseminary%2Fabout-us%2Fhistory-mission%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeminary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DTSLibrary-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DTSLibrary_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.dts.edu/Pages/TL/Special/80th.shtml">"DTS Library"</a>. Dallas Theological Seminary<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DTS+Library&rft.pub=Dallas+Theological+Seminary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.dts.edu%2FPages%2FTL%2FSpecial%2F80th.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeminary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Randall Herbert Balmer, <i>Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism: Revised and expanded edition</i>, Baylor University Press, USA, 2004, p. 202</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dtsmile-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dtsmile_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dts.edu/about/history/">DTS</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170507203037/http://www.dts.edu/about/history/">Archived</a> 2017-05-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Historical Milestones.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samuel S. Hill, <i>The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 1: Religion</i>, University of North Carolina Press, USA, 2006, p. 77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernhard Ott, <i>Understanding and Developing Theological Education</i>, Langham Global Library, UK, 2016, p. 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brian Stiller, <i>Evangelicals Around the World: A Global Handbook for the 21st Century</i>, Thomas Nelson, US, 2015, p. 170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.womenscolleges.org/about/history">"The Rise of Women's Colleges, Coeducation"</a>. The Women's College Coalition. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110903142810/http://www.womenscolleges.org/about/history">Archived</a> from the original on September 3, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Women%27s+Colleges%2C+Coeducation&rft.pub=The+Women%27s+College+Coalition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.womenscolleges.org%2Fabout%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeminary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMauss2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Armand_Mauss" title="Armand Mauss">Mauss, Armand L.</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7lXq9JfR_EYC&pg=PA85"><i>All Abraham's Children</i></a>. University of Illinois Press. pp. 84–85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-02803-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-02803-8"><bdi>978-0-252-02803-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161022080424/https://books.google.com/books?id=7lXq9JfR_EYC&pg=PA85">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+Abraham%27s+Children&rft.pages=84-85&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-252-02803-8&rft.aulast=Mauss&rft.aufirst=Armand+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7lXq9JfR_EYC%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeminary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seminary&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/seminary" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/seminary"><i>seminary</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraves,_Charles1920" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Graves, Charles (1920). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Education, Theological"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Education,_Theological">"Education, Theological" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Education%2C+Theological&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rft.au=Graves%2C+Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeminary" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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