Religious Minorities Online

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> <title>Religious Minorities Online</title>  <link rel="preload" href="/assets/fonts/montserrat-v15-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" href="/assets/fonts/montserrat-v25-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-500.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" href="/assets/fonts/montserrat-v15-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-700.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous">  <link rel="preload" href="/assets/fonts/merriweather-v30-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-300.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" href="/assets/fonts/merriweather-v22-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" href="/assets/fonts/merriweather-v22-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-700.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous">  <link rel="preload" href="/assets/stylesheets/fontawesome.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href='/assets/stylesheets/02f295d1f6a8e9c282e7831cd493e8ff-bootstrap.purged.min.css' /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href='/assets/stylesheets/5337b0511e7530e28f005276f70cde44-main.min.css' /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href='/assets/stylesheets/13761c60ba5201f465803f3005ccd7ef-fontawesome-codes.css' /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href='/assets/images/ec7d7606b4e2f3f921b5e1700948efb6-favicon.ico' /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.degruyter.com/database/RMO/html?lang=en" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://www.degruyter.com/database/RMO/html?lang=de" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://www.degruyter.com/database/RMO/html" />  <link rel="schema.dcterms" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> <meta name="dcterms.rightsHolder" content="Walter de Gruyter GmbH"> <meta name="dcterms.rights" content="De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act."> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.google-analytics.com" /> <meta name="google" content="notranslate" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta name="description" content="Religious Minorities Online (RMO) is the premier academic resource on religious minorities worldwide, reflecting the state of the art in scholarship. It is written by leading scholars and is rigorously peer-reviewed. Religious minorities are part of the social map of many countries on the globe. Some of these are ancient communities, but others are more recent. Some are a minority in one place while a majority in another cultural context (or had been in the past), whereas others have always lived in the shadow of majorities. Most minorities have little power, but others are actively engaged in the wider society and exercise significant political, economic, or military influence. While religious minorities are relevant as social and religious phenomena in their own right, equally important is how they are viewed and treated by others. Suspicions and fears of minorities as well as admiring and exoticizing them reveal much about the societies they live in. In the introductory essay , the editors advance a conceptual clarification and provide a critical overview of current debates and theoretical discussions about religious minorities. RMO articles are divided into four sections, comprising articles on key themes in the study of religious minorities, on specific countries and regions , on specific religious communities and the challenges they face as minorities in different societal contexts, and on current research projects, focused theoretical and methodological issues, and relevant case studies. Available as an Open Access publication and written in an accessible style, Religious Minorities Online is an indispensable resource not only for students and academics but also to broader audiences that include journalists, politicians and policy advisors, activists, NGOs, among others. New articles will be published online twice a year. A printed version, the Handbook of Religious Minorities, will be available at the end of the project. This project was supported by the Centre for Advanced Study at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters; UKRI Arts and Humanities Research Council and Economic and Social Research Council under UK-Japan Connection Grant number ES/S013482/1; and The University of Bergen."/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.degruyter.com/database/RMO/html"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="De Gruyter"/><meta property="og:title" content="Religious Minorities Online"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:locale" content="en"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/dbid/rmo/product"/><meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg"/><meta property="og:description" content="Religious Minorities Online (RMO) is the premier academic resource on religious minorities worldwide, reflecting the state of the art in scholarship. It is written by leading scholars and is rigorously peer-reviewed. Religious minorities are part of the social map of many countries on the globe. Some of these are ancient communities, but others are more recent. Some are a minority in one place while a majority in another cultural context (or had been in the past), whereas others have always lived in the shadow of majorities. Most minorities have little power, but others are actively engaged in the wider society and exercise significant political, economic, or military influence. While religious minorities are relevant as social and religious phenomena in their own right, equally important is how they are viewed and treated by others. Suspicions and fears of minorities as well as admiring and exoticizing them reveal much about the societies they live in. In the introductory essay , the editors advance a conceptual clarification and provide a critical overview of current debates and theoretical discussions about religious minorities. RMO articles are divided into four sections, comprising articles on key themes in the study of religious minorities, on specific countries and regions , on specific religious communities and the challenges they face as minorities in different societal contexts, and on current research projects, focused theoretical and methodological issues, and relevant case studies. Available as an Open Access publication and written in an accessible style, Religious Minorities Online is an indispensable resource not only for students and academics but also to broader audiences that include journalists, politicians and policy advisors, activists, NGOs, among others. New articles will be published online twice a year. A printed version, the Handbook of Religious Minorities, will be available at the end of the project. This project was supported by the Centre for Advanced Study at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters; UKRI Arts and Humanities Research Council and Economic and Social Research Council under UK-Japan Connection Grant number ES/S013482/1; and The University of Bergen."/><meta property="og:locale:alternate" content="de"/> <script nonce="REcPyQe0Qlv/dvPptXCP3w=="> // Define dataLayer and the gtag function. window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} function getCookieValue(name){ const regex = new RegExp(`(^| )${name}=([^;]+)`) const match = document.cookie.match(regex) if (match) { return match[2] } } // Set default consent to 'denied' as a placeholder // Determine actual values based on your own requirements const acceptCookies = getCookieValue('acceptcookies') === "true"; const defaultSettings = (acceptCookies) => ({ 'ad_storage': acceptCookies ? 'granted': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': acceptCookies ? 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Your documents are now available to view.</p> <div id="orderCompleteItemList"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <main id="main" class='language_en min-vh-100 '> <div class="d-flex mobile-column"> <div id="databaseContent" class="content px-4 pt-2 py-sm-5 flex-grow-2 ms-md-8p"> <div class="d-block d-md-flex gap-20"> <div class="flex-fixed"> <div class="d-none d-xl-block"> <img class="coverImage ga_cover_image_product" alt="database: Religious Minorities Online" src="/document/cover/dbid/rmo/product_pages" width="200" height="auto" loading="lazy"/> </div> <div class="d-none d-md-block d-xl-none"> <img class="coverImage ga_cover_image_product" alt="database: Religious Minorities Online" src="/document/cover/dbid/rmo/thumbnail" srcset="/document/cover/dbid/rmo/product 2x" width="100" height="auto" loading="lazy"/> </div> </div> <div> <div> <h1 class="me-2 d-inline databaseTitle">Religious Minorities Online</h1> <div> <span class="fa fas fa-icon-open-access"></span> <span class="accessOpenAccess me-2">Open Access</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-none analyticsHolder" data-subjects='TL|TL-15|TL-15-01' data-license='open-access' data-languages='en' data-publisher='De Gruyter' data-contentName='Religious Minorities Online' data-doi='10.1515/rmo' ></div> <nav> <tab-nav class="mt-5"> <ul class="nav" role="tablist"> <li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <a href="#overview" id="overviewTab" data-bs-toggle="tab" role="tab" class="ga_db_tabs_overview nav-link active"> <div class="productsTabLink"> Overview </div> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <a href="#editorial" id="editorialTab" data-bs-toggle="tab" role="tab" class="ga_db_tabs_editorial nav-link "> <div class="productsTabLink"> Editorial </div> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <a href="#featured" id="featuredTab" data-bs-toggle="tab" role="tab" class="ga_db_tabs_featured nav-link "> <div class="productsTabLink"> Featured </div> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <a href="#updates" id="updatesTab" data-bs-toggle="tab" role="tab" class="ga_db_tabs_updates nav-link "> <div class="productsTabLink"> Updates </div> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <a href="#searchHelp" id="searchHelpTab" data-bs-toggle="tab" role="tab" class="ga_db_tabs_searchhelp nav-link "> <div class="productsTabLink"> Search Help </div> </a> </li> </ul> </tab-nav> </nav> <div class="tab-content pb-4"> <div class="tab-pane fade fade mt-4 mb-4 show active" id="overview" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="overviewTab"> <h2 class="screen-reader">Overview</h2> <div> <div class="productInfo pb-3"> <h3>About this database</h3> <div class="metadataInfoFont"> <P><EM>Religious Minorities Online</EM> (RMO) is the premier academic resource on religious minorities worldwide, reflecting the state of the art in scholarship. It is written by leading scholars and is rigorously peer-reviewed. </P> <P></P> <P>Religious minorities are part of the social map of many countries on the globe. Some of these are ancient communities, but others are more recent. Some are a minority in one place while a majority in another cultural context (or had been in the past), whereas others have always lived in the shadow of majorities. Most minorities have little power, but others are actively engaged in the wider society and exercise significant political, economic, or military influence. </P> <P>While religious minorities are relevant as social and religious phenomena in their own right, equally important is how they are viewed and treated by others. Suspicions and fears of minorities as well as admiring and exoticizing them reveal much about the societies they live in. </P> <P>In the <A href="https://www.degruyter.com/database/RMO/entry/rmo.23389320/html">introductory essay</A>, the editors advance a conceptual clarification and provide a critical overview of current debates and theoretical discussions about religious minorities. </P> <P>RMO articles are divided into four sections, comprising articles </P> <UL> <P></P> <LI>on <A href="https://www.degruyter.com/database/rmo/search?query=*&startItem=0&pageSize=10&sortBy=relevance&documentVisibility=all&keywordFacets=dbSubject%7EThemes&databases=rmo&keywordTypesAndValues=&matchAnyTerm=false">key themes</A> in the study of religious minorities, </LI> <P></P> <P></P> <LI>on <A href="https://www.degruyter.com/database/rmo/search?query=*&startItem=0&pageSize=10&sortBy=relevance&documentVisibility=all&keywordFacets=dbSubject%7ECountries+and+Regions&databases=rmo&keywordTypesAndValues=&matchAnyTerm=false">specific countries and regions</A>, </LI> <P></P> <P></P> <LI>on <A href="https://www.degruyter.com/database/rmo/search?query=*&startItem=0&pageSize=10&sortBy=relevance&documentVisibility=all&keywordFacets=dbSubject%7ECommunities&databases=rmo&keywordTypesAndValues=&matchAnyTerm=false">specific religious communities</A> and the challenges they face as minorities in different societal contexts, and </LI> <P></P> <P></P> <LI>on current research projects, focused theoretical and methodological issues, and relevant case studies. </LI></UL> <P></P> <P></P> <P>Available as an Open Access publication and written in an accessible style, Religious Minorities Online is an indispensable resource not only for students and academics but also to broader audiences that include journalists, politicians and policy advisors, activists, NGOs, among others. New articles will be published online twice a year. A printed version, the <EM>Handbook of Religious Minorities,</EM> will be available at the end of the project. </P> <P>This project was supported by the Centre for Advanced Study at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters; UKRI Arts and Humanities Research Council and Economic and Social Research Council under UK-Japan Connection Grant number ES/S013482/1; and The University of Bergen. </P> <P></P> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="productInfo pb-3"> <h3>Your Benefits</h3> <div class="metadataInfoFont"> <ul> <li> More than 50 comprehensive, peer-reviewed articles </li> <li> Written in an accessible manner by leading scholars </li> <li> International and trans-regional </li> <li> Open Access and ahead-of-print </li> <li> 2 printed volumes upon completion </li> <li>Non-restrictive DRM – allows for an unlimited number of simultaneous users campus- / institution-wide </li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="pb-3"> <h3>Topics</h3> <ul class="list-inline pt-2 subjects"> <li class="list-inline-item mb-2 subject"> <a class='subjectSearchLink productsTopicLink ga_productsTopicLink' title='Search for “Introductions and Overviews”' href='/search?query=*&subjectFacet=TL-15-01'> Introductions and Overviews </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item mb-2 subject"> <a class='subjectSearchLink productsTopicLink ga_productsTopicLink' title='Search for “Religious Studies”' href='/search?query=*&subjectFacet=TL-15'> Religious Studies </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item mb-2 subject"> <a class='subjectSearchLink productsTopicLink ga_productsTopicLink' title='Search for “Theology and Religion”' href='/search?query=*&subjectFacet=TL'> Theology and Religion </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade fade mt-4 mb-4 show" id="editorial" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="editorialTab"> <h2 class="screen-reader">Editorial</h2> <div class="productInfo pb-3"> <h3>Editorial</h3> <div class="metadataInfoFont"> <P><STRONG>Main Editors:</STRONG> </P> <P>Erica Baffelli (The University of Manchester) </P> <P>Alexander van der Haven (University of Bergen) </P> <P>Michael Stausberg (University of Bergen) </P> <P><STRONG>Editorial Board:</STRONG> </P> <P>Carole Cusack (The University of Sydney) </P> <OL> <P></P></OL> <P>Rosalind Hackett (University of Tennessee)　 </P> <OL> <P></P> <P></P></OL> <P>Titus Hjelm (University of Helsinki) </P> <OL> <P></P> <P></P></OL> <P>Knut A. Jacobsen (University of Bergen) </P> <OL> <P></P> <P></P></OL> <P>Norihito Takahashi (Toyo University) </P> <OL> <P></P></OL> <P></P> <P></P> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade fade mt-4 mb-4 show" id="featured" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="featuredTab"> <h2 class="screen-reader">Featured</h2> <div class="productInfo pb-3"> <h3>Featured</h3> <div class="metadataInfoFont"> <P><STRONG>Introduction – Religious Minorities: Conceptual Perspectives</STRONG> </P> <P><EM>Michael Stausberg, Alexander Van Der Haven and Erica Baffelli</EM> </P> <P>Abstract </P> <P>This essay proposes definitions of key terms such as ‘minoritization’, ‘majoritization’, and ‘religious minority’, and problematizes standard criteria of identification of religious minorities while also advocating for an understanding of religious minorities as dynamic, processual, relational, contextual, situational, and intersectional. By doing this, it also warns against homogenizing representations of religious minorities and addresses minorities within minorities. It presents several important distinctions among and within religious minorities in terms of size, location, origin, legitimacy, recognition, social position, and self-perceptions. The essay discusses the mechanisms that turn assemblages of people into minorities and different criteria and strategies that establish such social formations as ‘religious minorities.’ This includes processes of recognition and non-recognition by societies and different forms of minorities (‘wild’ and ‘tame’ ones). The essay historicizes the emergence of the category and the problem of ‘religious minorities’ in the context of colonialism, modern conceptions of the nation-state, democracy, and international politics. Last but not least, it reflects on the importance of religious minorities as a theme for research, and as a lens for understanding the dynamics of religion in society. </P> <P>Article </P> <P>The term ‘religious minorities’ (or some vernacular equivalent) is part of the common lexicon of political language; in many countries this and similar terminologies such as ‘minority religions’, ‘minor religions’, or ‘minority religious groups’ are used in everyday talk, in self-identifications, and in processes of othering. The term is also used to celebrate ‘diversity’, ‘pluralism’, ‘multiculturalism’, and similar ideas. Majority/minority tropes are also invoked by people who are numerically a majority, but claim to have lost their predominance in a society or remember their past, real or imagined, as a minority; mobilizing an understanding of being ‘a threatened majority’ is a typical ingredient of what Arjun Appadurai calls “predatory identities”—namely, such identities “whose social construction and mobilization require the extinction of other, proximate social categories” (Appadurai 2006, 51). In contexts where homogeneity is emphasized, such as nationalist discourses, minorities can be perceived as potentially disruptive and dangerous, and feature prominently in conspiracy narratives. Similarly, the fear of a perceived threat implies dichotomised views about ‘good’ and ‘bad’ minorities. This essay offers a discussion of conceptual perspectives on religious minorities; we will begin by proposing definitions of key terms. </P> <P></P> <P><EM>Read the Introduction in full here:</EM> </P> <DIV><A href="https://www.degruyter.com/database/RMO/entry/rmo.23389320/html"> <P>Introduction:"Religious Minorities: Conceptual Perspectives"</P></A></DIV> <STYLE type=text/css scopded="scoped"> .gallery{ display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: flex-start; max-width: 1248px; } .gallery img{ height: 300px; margin: 0; } .gallery img:hover{ opacity: .6; } .gallery div{ margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; } .gallery p{ text-align: center; display: block; padding: .75em 0; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; font-family: "Montserrat", sans-serif; line-height: 15px; background: #00627d; color: #fff; text-transform: uppercase; text-decoration: none; height: auto; width: auto; padding-right: 20px; padding-left: 20px;} </STYLE> <P><STRONG>Database review</STRONG> </P> <P>Published in <EM>Nova Religio</EM>, vol. 27, no. 4, 2024, p .138 f </P> <P>Religious Minorities Online is an open access repository of peer-reviewed articles about key themes, specific countries and regions, and particular religious communities "and the challenges they face as minorities in different societal contexts." Co-edited by Erica Baffelli (University of Manchester), Alexander van der Haven (University of Bergen) and Michael Stausberg (University of Bergen), the series is suported by educational institutions in Norway and the United Kingdom.<BR>The first seven articles in the series were published in July 2023, and cover a range of topics—from thematic explorations such as "Migration, Diaspora, and Minorities" (Natalia Muchnik and Mathilde Monge) to examinations of specific groups, as in "Religious Minorities in Ethiopia" (Terje Østebø). In addition, a helpful "Introduction" by the editors serves to define terminology and set the stage by problematizing the identification of minorities. It notes the "relational, contextual, and situational" nature of the concept "minority," pointing out its fluid and dynamic nature. It also explains why the study of religious minorities matters, both in terms of social and political policy-making but also in terms of understanding religious formation and innovation. </P> <P>Fifty articles are projected to be published over a four-year period, with a minimum of twelve articles coming out each year. The next update was planned for January 2024, with another due in July 2024. Two printed volumes of the collected articles are scheduled at the conclusion of the project. And though the editors do not have a plan for open submissions, they appear willing to entertain proposals if they fit with the aims and scope of the series. Submission guidelines appear on the homepage. </P> <P><STRONG>Podcast on the project for the New Books Network</STRONG> </P> <P><A href="https://newbooksnetwork.com/religious-minorities-online">https://newbooksnetwork.com/religious-minorities-online</A> </P> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade fade mt-4 mb-4 show" id="dbLemma" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="dbLemmaTab"> <h2 class="screen-reader">Lemmas A-Z</h2> <ajax-frame src="/database/rmo/keywordFacets/dbLemma"></ajax-frame> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade fade mt-4 mb-4 show" id="dbPerson" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="dbPersonTab"> <h2 class="screen-reader">Persons A-Z</h2> <ajax-frame src="/database/rmo/keywordFacets/dbPerson"></ajax-frame> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade fade mt-4 mb-4 show" id="dbPlace" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="dbPlaceTab"> <h2 class="screen-reader">Places A-Z</h2> <ajax-frame src="/database/rmo/keywordFacets/dbPlace"></ajax-frame> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade fade mt-4 mb-4 show" id="updates" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="updatesTab"> <h2 class="screen-reader">Updates</h2> <h3>Updates</h3> <div id="updatesDescription"><P>Last updated on 25.07.2024 </P> <P>The updates usually take place in January and July of each year. </P> <P></P></div> <div id="updateFrequency"> <h3>Update Frequency</h3> <P>Twice a year</P> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade fade mt-4 mb-4 show" id="searchHelp" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="searchHelpTab"> <h2 class="screen-reader">Search Help</h2> <div class="productInfo pb-3"> <h3>Search Help</h3> <div class="metadataInfoFont"> <P>Here you will find instructions for searching in the <EM>Religious Minorities Online</EM> and explanations of the individual search functions.</P> <H3>Search</H3> <P>You have the following options for searching.</P> <P><STRONG>Search form</STRONG></P> <P>The search form allows you to search using various search criteria. To do so, select the appropriate criterion in the search field and enter your search term(s) in the search field. The following search criteria are available:</P> <OL> <LI><STRONG>Full Text:</STRONG> Searches in all entries for the entered terms. Finds all entries that contain all searched terms and therefore returns the most results. For a more specific search, the other search criteria are more suitable.<BR><BR>The following operators can be used in the search field:</LI> <UL> <LI>*: Added to a string. Searches for entries including all terms that match the searched string with any addition.</LI> <LI>AND: Searches for entries including all the terms connected by this operator (default search function).</LI> <LI>OR: Searches for entries including at least one of the terms connected by this operator.</LI> <LI>NOT: Searches for entries including the first, but not the second of the terms connected by this operator.</LI></UL> <P>These operators can be combined with each other.</P> <LI><STRONG>Title:</STRONG> Finds all entries whose titles contain all searched terms. This search criterion can be used to search specifically for entries for particular terms. Search with truncation does not work at the moment.</LI> <LI><STRONG>Author:</STRONG> Finds all entries with authors of the searched name. Suggests up to 15 matching author names in alphabetical order as you type. 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Finds all entries that have been published electronically in this year or range of years.</LI> <LI><STRONG>Bibliography:</STRONG> Finds all entries whose bibliography contains all searched terms. This search criterion can be used to search for specific sources or their titles, authors, etc.</LI> <LI><STRONG>Entry language:</STRONG> Select a language from the drop-down menu. Finds all entries which are written in this language. Only english language is available for RMO.</LI></OL> <P>Please note: The search is not case sensitive. </P> <P>You have the option to apply several search criteria at the same time. To do this, click on "Add row" in the search form. This creates a second search field in which you can set another search criterion (or else the same one). You can create as many additional search fields as you like.<BR>If you use more than one search field, the search will find all entries that match all search criteria ("Search for all of these terms"). Instead, you can also select "Search for any of these terms" above the search fields, which will cause the search to find all entries that match at least one of the searched criteria.<BR>By clicking on "Add NOT" you create a search field to which you can assign a search criterion. Terms entered in this search field will be excluded from the search. You can add this search field as often as you like.<BR>By combining the above functions, you are able to perform very specific searches.</P> <P><STRONG>Example</STRONG></P> <P>You want to search the <EM>Religious Minorities Online</EM> for all entries that mention the word "Temple" and which belong to the subject "Themes". However, you want to exclude entries by the author "Natalia Muchnik" from the search. For this you use the search form as follows:</P> <OL> <LI>Create a second search field via "Add row".</LI> <LI>Select the search for "all of these terms" (default option).</LI> <LI>In the first search field, select the search criterion <EM>Full Text</EM> and enter the search term "Temple".</LI> <LI>In the second search field, select the search criterion <EM>Subject</EM> and enter the search term "Themes".</LI> <LI>Create a third search field via "Add NOT". This is marked with a "<STRONG>NOT</STRONG>".</LI> <LI>Select the search criterion <EM>Author</EM> in this search field and enter “Natalia Muchnik”.</LI> <LI>After clicking on "Search" you will see 1 out of 1 hits in the results list.</LI></OL> <H3>Results list</H3> <P>The results that match your search are listed on one or more pages. The number of search results as well as the search criteria can be found above the results list.</P> <P>Each search result consists of the title of the entry, author(s) if existent, access information, entry type, online publication date (print publication date in brackets, if applicable), the cover of the database as well as a button to download the PDF ("Download PDF"), if available, and a text preview showing relevant text passages <A>and highlighting the se</A>arched term in yellow (only for Full Text search criterion).</P> <P>You can access a search result by clicking on the title or cover of the database. If you do not have access to the database, please log in first.</P> <P>The search results are sorted by relevancy (frequency and weighting of the searched terms). You can also sort by date ("New to old" or "Old to new") or by title ("A to Z" or "Z to A").<BR>Furthermore, instead of the default 10 results per page, you can also display 20, 50 or 100 results per page.</P> <P>The search results can be further restricted under "Filter Results". Various filter options are available for this:</P> <OL> <LI>Access: This option filters the search results according to who can access them. By default, "All content" is found. It is possible to filter by "Licensed content", "Open Access", "Publicly available" as well as "All available content". </LI> <LI>Type</LI> <LI>Publication Year</LI> <LI>Subject</LI> <LI>Entry language </LI></OL> <P>All filters can be combined with each other. Filtering by certain filter options excludes further certain filter options if there are no entries which match both options.</P> </div> </div> </div> <div class="translationLink"> <a href="/database/RMO/html?lang=de">(Deutsch)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sidebar shrinking-sidebar bg-light col-lg-3 px-4 py-5"> <div class="contributors"> <div class="editor"> <span class="subTitleProductPage">Edited by:</span> <span class="subTitleInfoProductPage">Erica Baffelli, Alexander van der Haven, Michael Stausberg</span> </div> <div class="editorialBoard"> <span class="subTitleProductPage">Editorial Board:</span> <span class="subTitleInfoProductPage">Carole Cusack, Rosalind I. J. Hackett, Titus Hjelm, Knut Axel Jacobsen, Norihito Takahashi</span> </div> </div> <div class="doi pt-2"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1515/rmo" class="linkWithoutStyle subTitleInfoProductPage ga_doi" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1515/rmo</a></div> <div class="pt-2"> <span class="dimensions __dimensions_badge_embed__ ga_dimensions_citation" data-doi="10.1515/rmo" data-hide-zero-citations="true" data-legend="never" data-style="small_rectangle"></span> </div> <div class="details"> <ul class="list-unstyled mb-4"> <li class="issn"> <span class="subTitleProductPage">ISSN:</span> <span class="subTitleInfoProductPage">2748-1328</span> </li> <li class="description"> <span class="subTitleProductPage">Type:</span> <span class="subTitleInfoProductPage">Database</span> </li> <li class="language"> <span class="subTitleProductPage"> Language: </span> <span class="subTitleInfoProductPage">English</span> </li> <li class="publisher"> <span class="subTitleProductPage">Publisher:</span> <span class="subTitleInfoProductPage">De Gruyter</span> </li> <li class="publicationDate"> <span class="subTitleProductPage">Published:</span> <span class="subTitleInfoProductPage">July 10, 2023</span> </li> <li class="audience"> <span class="subTitleProductPage">Audience:</span> <span class="subTitleInfoProductPage">Scholars of religious studies and area studies, historians, anthropologists, sociologists.</span> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mb-3 subTitleGraySidebar">Included in</div> <a class="fw-bold standardLinkProduct ga_parent ga_product ga_parent_database" href="/database/trp/html"> <div class="d-flex pb-4"> <div class="d-inline-flex flex-shrink-0"> <img src='/assets/images/portals/0ccb5d5546a9c78c4d8df7e92e3fff6e-TR.webp' width="100" height="auto" alt="trp" /> </div> <div class="flex-wrap flex-shrink-2 px-2 pb-2"> Theology and Religion / Theologie und Religion </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="bg-dark" role="contentinfo"> <nav class="content-wrapper" 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