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<span aria-current="page"> Submissions </span> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> <div class="container px-4 pt-4"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-between"> <h2> Submissions </h2> </div> <div class="row">  </div> <div class="row pt-3"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-between"> <h3> Submission Preparation Checklist </h3> </div> <p>As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.</p> <ul> <li> The submission has not been previously published, nor is it before another journal for consideration (or an explanation has been provided in Comments to the Editor). </li> <li> The submission file is in OpenOffice, Microsoft Word, or RTF document file format. </li> <li> Where available, URLs for the references have been provided. </li> <li> The text is single-spaced; uses a 12-point font; employs italics, rather than underlining (except with URL addresses); and all illustrations, figures, and tables are placed within the text at the appropriate points, rather than at the end. </li> <li> The text adheres to the stylistic and bibliographic requirements outlined in the Author Guidelines. </li> </ul> </div> <div class="row pt-3"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-between"> <h3> Author Guidelines </h3> </div> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Journal of Applied Life Sciences International (ISSN: 2394-1103)</strong> aims to publish high quality papers (<a href="https://journaljalsi.com/index.php/JALSI/general-guideline-for-authors">Click here for Types of paper</a>) in all areas of ‘applied life sciences’. By not excluding papers based on novelty, this journal facilitates the research and wishes to publish papers as long as they are technically correct and scientifically motivated. The journal also encourages the submission of useful reports of negative results. This is a quality controlled, OPEN peer-reviewed, open-access INTERNATIONAL journal.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">This is an open-access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Every issue will consist of a minimum of 5 papers. Each issue will be running, and all officially accepted manuscripts will be immediately published online. The state-of-the-art running issue concept gives authors the benefit of 'Zero Waiting Time' for the officially accepted manuscripts to be published. This journal is an international journal and its scope is not confined by the boundary of any country or region.</p> <p> </p> <h3>General Guideline for Authors</h3> <p><strong>Important Download links</strong></p> <p>MS word paper template (<a href="https://www.eurohost365.net/doc/SDI-Paper-template.docx">Download here</a>) </p> <p>Latex paper template (<a href="https://www.eurohost365.net/doc/Latex-Template-JAMCS.zip">Download here</a>)<br />MiKTeX Software (<a href="https://miktex.org/download">Download here</a>). Please read the tutorial (<a href="https://miktex.org/howto/install-miktex">Click here</a>), if you want step-by-step installation guidance.</p> <p>Manuscript ‘Submission form’ (<a href="https://www.eurohost365.net/doc/SDI-Manuscript-Submission-form.docx">Download here</a>)</p> <p><a name="Type_of_papers"></a> </p> <p><strong>Type of papers</strong></p> <p><u>1. </u><u>Original research papers</u>:</p> <p>Papers that include original empirical data that have not been published anywhere earlier (except as an abstract). Null/negative findings and replication/refutation findings are also welcome. This type of paper normally should not exceed 25 double-spaced pages of text (including references) and should not contain more than 15 figures/tables. We advise a length of 3000-6000 words (including everything).</p> <p><u>2. Short Research Articles:</u></p> <p>Short Research Articles (or Research Notes) are single-finding papers (or one year experiment for agricultural papers) that can be reported with one or two illustrations (figures/tables) and lab protocols. Posters from conferences or internal meetings may be summarized as Short Research Articles (or Research Notes). In many cases, some additional detail, particularly in the methods, description of the results, and/or discussion/conclusions will be required to make sure that readers (and referees) have enough information to understand the description of the work. We advise a length of 3000-4000 words, plus 3-4 figures and/or tables, and 15-20 key references.</p> <p><u>3. </u><u>Short communications</u>:</p> <p>Short Communications are urgent communications of important preliminary results that are very original, of high interest and likely to have a significant impact on the subject area of the journal. A Short Communication needs only to demonstrate a ‘proof of principle’. Authors are encouraged to submit an Original Research Paper to the journal following their Short Communication. There is no strict page limit for a Short Communication; however, we advise a length of 2500-3500 words, plus 2-3 figures and/or tables, and 15-20 key references.</p> <p><u>4. Review papers</u>:</p> <p>These papers will not have empirical data acquired by the authors but will include discussion of papers published and data acquired in a specific area. We advise a length of 5000-9000 words, (including 50-150 references plus 3-5 figures and/or tables (if required).</p> <p><u>5. Minireview papers</u>:</p> <p>Minireviews are brief historical perspectives or summaries of developments in fast-moving areas covered within the scope of the journal. They must be based on published articles; they are not outlets for unpublished data. They may address any subject within the scope of the journal. The goal of the Minireviews is to provide a <u>concise</u> summary of a particular field in a manner understandable to all readers. We advise a length of 3000-6000 words, (including 30-70 references plus 2-3 figures and/or tables (if required).</p> <p><u>6. Systematic Reviews: (Mainly for bio-medical journals)</u></p> <p>Systematic Reviews should usually be based on medical interventions or animal model studies. We recommend that authors consult the <a href="http://www.prisma-statement.org/index.htm">PRISMA</a> guidelines for reporting in Systematic Reviews. Systematic Reviews should deal with a clearly formulated question and use systematic and explicit methods to identify, select, and critically assess the relevant research. We advise a length of 5000-9000 words, (including 50-150 references plus 3-5 figures and/or tables (if required).</p> <p><u>7. </u><u>Policy Papers</u>:</p> <p>The purpose of the policy paper is to provide a comprehensive and persuasive argument justifying the policy recommendations presented in the paper, and therefore to act as a decision-making tool and a call to action for the target audience. We advise a length of 3000-4000 words, plus 3-4 figures and/or tables, and 15-20 key references.</p> <p><u>8 . Commentaries / Opinion Articles:</u></p> <p>An opinion-based article on a topical issue of broad interest which is intended to engender discussion. We advise a length of 2500-3500 words, plus 2-3 figures and/or tables, and 15-20 key references.</p> <p><u>9. Data Notes</u></p> <p>Data Notes are brief descriptions of scientific datasets that include details of why and how the data were created; they do not include any analyses or conclusions.</p> <p><u>10. Study Protocols and </u><u>pre-protocols: </u><u>(Mainly for bio-medical journals)</u></p> <p>This journal welcome protocols for any study design, including observational studies and systematic reviews. All protocols for randomised clinical trials must be registered and follow the <a href="http://www.consort-statement.org/">CONSORT</a> guidelines; ethical approval for the study must have been already granted.</p> <p>Study pre-protocols (i.e. discussing provisional study designs) may also be submitted and will be clearly labelled as such when published. Study protocols for pilot and feasibility studies may also be considered.</p> <p><u>11. Method Articles:</u></p> <p>These articles describe a new experimental or computational method, test or procedure, and should have been well tested. This includes new study methods, substantive modifications to existing methods or innovative applications of existing methods to new models or scientific questions.</p> <p>We also welcome new technical tools that facilitate the design or performance of experiments and data analysis such as software and laboratory devices, or of new technologies to assist medical treatment such as drug delivery devices. We advise a length of 3000-4000 words, plus 3-4 figures and/or tables, and 15-20 key references.</p> <p><u>12. Data Articles (Mainly for bio-medical journals):</u></p> <p>A dataset (or set of datasets) together with the associated methods/protocol used to create the data. No analysis of the data, results or conclusions should be included.</p> <p><u>13. Case reports / Case studies (Mainly for bio-medical journals)</u>:<br />Case reports describe patient cases which are of particular interest due to their novelty and their potential message for clinical practice. While there are several types of case reports, originality and clinical implications constitute the main virtues by which case reports are judged. (Ref: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18677298). Case studies are an invaluable record of the clinical practices of a profession. While case studies cannot provide specific guidance for the management of successive patients, they are a record of clinical interactions which help us to frame questions for more rigorously designed clinical studies. Case studies also provide valuable teaching material, demonstrating both classical and unusual presentations which may confront the practitioner. (Ref: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2597880/). Abstract (not more than 250 words) of the Case reports should have the following sections: Aims, Presentation of Case, Discussion and Conclusion. Only Case Reports have word limits: Papers should not exceed 2000 words, 20 references or 5 figures.</p> <p><u>14. Clinical Practice Articles </u><u>(Mainly for bio-medical journals)</u>:</p> <p>A short article relating to a specific clinical problem or scenario that discusses issues relating to patient management and treatment pathways using an evidence-based approach. Clinical Practice Articles include case series (i.e. group or series of case reports involving patients who were given similar treatment), but should not be based on a single case (see Case Reports).</p> <p><a id="Grey literature" name="Grey literature"></a></p> <p><u>15. Grey literature government reports:</u></p> <p>A special section of the journal will be dedicated to the publication of (extended) abstracts of “grey literature government reports”. Many governmental research institutes in Europe/world are confronted with the problem that their very good scientific reports are produced directly for governmental sponsors. Results are typically presented in reports, which are published on an institute’s website only. However, scientists like to publish their work in the scientific arena, albeit that there may be little, if any, funding to support writing of the results in a scientific paper. Whereas the reports may be of very high scientific quality, they are not readily disseminated to the scientific world because they are not identified by normal literature attending systems. This then leads to very good scientific work being unnoticed by a wider audience, possible re-duplication of the work in other countries, a loss of resources, and hence to a slower progression of science. Therefore, this journal offers to publish good governmental reports in this peer-reviewed scientific journal via an abstract of the report. As such, this journal will publish (extended) abstracts of governmental reports (in English language only following a regular peer review system. Scientific excellence, open access and English language are the only prerequisites. Upon scientific acceptance of the work, the extended abstract will contain the title of the work, the authors as well as a hyperlink to the original full scientific report. In this way the scientific reports will be opened to a worldwide scientific audience and authoring scientists will get the results of their work disseminated in the scientific arena.</p> <p><a id="conference abstract" name="conference abstract"></a><br /><u>16. Abstracts of scientific meetings:</u></p> <p>Abstracts of oral presentations and posters (within the scope of the journal) can be published in discussion with the academic editors. Standardised abstracts (prepared in accordance with journal guidelines) need to be in English language and will be peer-reviewed prior to publication. It is recommended to contact the editor before submitting abstracts of a scientific meeting. Normally a collection of the abstracts (minimum 10 abstracts) will be published in a special issue. Abstracts are not considered for regular issues of the journal. Publication of 'collection of abstracts of a conference, symposia, etc' requires a guest editorial board. Normally the 'Review committee / Screening committee' of the conference will form the guest editorial board. List of the guest editors also will be published in the special issue.</p> <p><u>17. Letter to the Editor:</u></p> <p>A letter to the editor provides a means of communication between the author of an article and the reader of a journal, allowing continued dialog about journal content to take place. Although not original research per se, a letter may provide new insight, make corrections, offer alternate theories, or request clarification about content printed in the journal. Letters to the Editor are considered for publication (subject to editing and abridgment) provided they do not contain material that has been submitted or published elsewhere. Letters in reference to a Journal article must not exceed 600 words (excluding references). Letters not related to a Journal article must not exceed 600 words (excluding references). A letter can have no more than eight references and one figure or table. A letter can be signed by no more than four authors. Financial associations or other possible conflicts of interest must be disclosed. This type of article will be fully peer-reviewed. <a href="https://journaljalsi.com/index.php/JALSI/publication-charge">Publication charge</a> will be also applicable.</p> <p>Reference and more information:</p> <p>1. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2647072">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2647072</a> </p> <p>2. <a href="http://www.nejm.org/page/author-center/letter-submission">http://www.nejm.org/page/author-center/letter-submission </a></p> <p>3. <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/site/misc/editor.xhtml">http://www.sciencemag.org/site/misc/editor.xhtml</a></p> <p><u>18. Scholarly Book Review:</u></p> <p>The scholarly book review is considered by some to be a form of academic writing that serves to describe and critically evaluate the content, quality, meaning, and significance of a book. A well-constructed book review can provide a thoughtful perspective and will be appreciated. Scholarly Book Review should be within 2000 words. Scholarly Book Review must have to be systematic and structured and proper references (2-6 numbers) should be cited during the review. Scholarly Book Review must be avoided to advertise the book. Normal peer review process will be followed to ensure the academic quality of such book review. Only academically important and critical review of books will be considered for publication. There will be restrictions on numbers of such articles to be published per year.</p> <p>For more information please refer below-mentioned resources:<br />1. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2870990/">How to Write a Scholarly Book Review for Publication in a Peer-Reviewed Journal</a></p> <p>2. <a href="http://www.aje.com/en/arc/how-to-publish-a-book-review/">How to Publish a Book Review</a></p> <p>3. <a href="http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/journals/jop/book-reviews">http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/journals/jop/book-reviews</a></p> <p>4. <a href="http://www.nejm.org/medical-articles/book-review">Book Review articles: The New England Journal of Medicine</a></p> <p><strong>Submission</strong></p> <p>Online submission of manuscripts is strongly recommended. Please submit your article through <a href="https://journaljalsi.com/index.php/JALSI/about/submissions"><strong>Subcentral</strong></a>. Manuscripts can also be submitted as an email attachment to the editorial office at submission@journaljalsi.com After submission, a manuscript number will be communicated to the corresponding author within 48 hours.</p> <p>For submission related problems or all other correspondence, please contact the editorial office at submission@journaljalsi.com</p> <p><strong>Peer-review process</strong></p> <p>To know more about Peer review process and General Editorial Policies. Please see <a href="https://journaljalsi.com/index.php/JALSI/editorial-policy">here</a></p> <p><strong>Manuscript structure</strong></p> <p>The manuscript should be written in English with a simple layout. The text should be prepared in single column format. Bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. can be used.</p> <p>The text, excluding the abstract, if required, can be divided into numbered sections with brief headings. Starting from introduction with section 1. subsections should be numbered (for example 2.1 (then 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.2, etc.), up to three levels.</p> <p>(<u><em>Note:</em></u></p> <p>1. Case Reports should follow the structure of Abstract, Introduction, Presentation of Case, Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgements, Competing Interests, Authors’ Contributions, Consent (where applicable), Ethical approval (where applicable), and References plus figures and/or tables. Abstract (not more than 250 words) of the Case reports should have the following sections: Aims, Presentation of Case, Discussion and Conclusion. Only Case Reports have word limits: Papers should not exceed 2000 words, 20 references or 5 figures. Other Type of papers have no word limits.<br />2. Review papers may have different headings of the sections and are exempted from following these suggestions.<br />3. Research Papers and Short Notes should follow the structure of Abstract, Introduction, Methodology, Results and Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgements, Competing Interests, Authors’ Contributions, Consent (where applicable), Ethical approval (where applicable), and References plus figures and/or tables.)</p> <p><strong>Artificial intelligence<br /><br /></strong>These guidelines cover acceptable uses of generative AI technologies such as Large Language Models (ChatGPT, COPILOT, etc) and text-to-image generators in the writing or editing of manuscripts.<strong><br /><br />AI use by authors<br /><br /></strong>Authors should not list a generative AI technology as a co-author or author of any submitted manuscript. Generative AI technologies cannot be held accountable for all aspects of a manuscript and consequently do not meet the criteria required for authorship.<br /><br />If the author of a submitted manuscript has used written or visual content produced by or edited using a generative AI technology, this use must follow publication guidelines and policies. Specifically, the author is responsible for checking the factual accuracy of any content created by the generative AI technology. This includes, but is not limited to, any quotes, citations or references. Figures produced by or edited using a generative AI technology must be checked to ensure they accurately reflect the data presented in the manuscript. Authors must also check that any written or visual content produced by or edited using a generative AI technology is free from plagiarism.<br /><br />If the author of a submitted manuscript has used written or visual content produced by or edited using a generative AI technology, such use must be acknowledged in the acknowledgements section of the manuscript and the methods section if applicable. This explanation must list the name, version, model, and source of the generative AI technology. We encourage authors to upload all input prompts provided to a generative AI technology and outputs received from a generative AI technology in the supplementary files for the manuscript.</p> <p><br /> </p> <p><strong>Brief guidelines</strong></p> <p><strong>Title Page </strong></p> <p>The title page should contain a brief title, name(s) of author(s) and their affiliations. The title should be without any abbreviations and it should enlighten the contents of the paper. All affiliations should be provided with a lower-case superscript letter just after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address.</p> <p>The name of the corresponding author should be indicated along with telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) along with full postal address and e-mail address.</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong> </strong><br />The abstract should be concise and informative. It should not exceed 300 words in length. It should briefly describe the purpose of the work, techniques and methods used, major findings with important data and conclusions. Different sub-sections, as given below, should be used. No references should be cited in this part. Generally non-standard abbreviations should not be used, if necessary they should be clearly defined in the abstract, at first use.</p> <p>SAMPLE ABSTRACT:</p> <p>Aims: Here clearly write the aims of this study. Sample: To correlate platelet count, splenic index (SI), platelet count/spleen diameter ratio and portal-systemic venous collaterals with the presence of esophageal varices in advanced liver disease to validate other screening parameters.<br />Study design: Mention the design of the study here.<br />Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Medicine (Medical Unit IV) and Department of Radiology, Services Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS), Services Hospital Lahore, between June 2009 and July 2010.<br />Methodology: Please write main points of the research methodology applied. Sample: We included 63 patients (40 men, 23 women; age range 18-75 years) with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension, with or without the medical history of gastrointestinal bleeding. Clinical as well as hematological examination (platelet count) and ultrasonography (gray as well as color Doppler scale including splenic index and splenorenal/ pancreaticoduodenal collaterals) was done besides upper GI endoscopy for esophageal varices. Platelet count/spleen diameter ratio was also calculated.<br />Results: Kindly make sure to include relevant statistics here, such as sample sizes, response rates, P-values or Confidence Intervals. Do not just say "there were differences between the groups". sample: Out of 63 patients, 36 patients with small varices (F1/F2) and 27 with larger (F3) varices were detected on endoscope. Significant increase in mean splenic index from low (86.7 +/- 27.4) to high (94.7 +/- 27.7) grade varices was documented. Opposite trend was found with platelets (120.2 +/- 63.5 to 69.8 +/- 36.1) and platelets/ splenic diameter ratio (1676.7 to 824.6) declining significantly. Logistic regression showed splenic collaterals and platelets are significantly but negatively associated with esophageal varices grades.<br />Conclusion: Non-invasive independent predictors for screening esophageal varices may decrease medical as well as financial burden, hence improving the management of cirrhotic patients. These predictors, however, need further work to validate reliability.<br /> </p> <p><strong>Keywords</strong><br />Immediately after the abstract, about 4-8 keywords should be given. Use of abbreviations should be avoided, only standard abbreviations, well known in the established area may be used, if appropriate. These keywords will be used for indexing.</p> <p><strong>Abbreviations</strong></p> <p>Non-standard abbreviations should be listed and full form of each abbreviation should be given in parentheses at first use in the text.<br /> </p> <p><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p>Provide a factual background, clearly defined problem, proposed solution, a brief literature survey and the scope and justification of the work done. </p> <p><strong>Material and methods</strong></p> <p>Give adequate information to allow the experiment to be reproduced. Already published methods should be mentioned with references. Significant modifications of published methods and new methods should be described in detail. This section will include sub-sections. Tables & figures should be placed inside the text. Tables and figures should be presented as per their appearance in the text. It is suggested that the discussion about the tables and figures should appear in the text before the appearance of the respective tables and figures. No tables or figures should be given without discussion or reference inside the text.</p> <p>Tables should be explanatory enough to be understandable without any text reference. Double spacing should be maintained throughout the table, including table headings and footnotes. Table headings should be placed above the table. Footnotes should be placed below the table with superscript lowercase letters.</p> <p>Each figure should have a caption. The caption should be concise and typed separately, not on the figure area. Figures should be self-explanatory. Information presented in the figure should not be repeated in the table. All symbols and abbreviations used in the illustrations should be defined clearly. Figure legends should be given below the figures.</p> <p><u>Some guidelines for Medical papers:</u><br />Randomized controlled trials should follow the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) guidelines (http://www.consort-statement.org).<br />Case reports, case series, cross-sectional and other observational studies should follow the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines (http://www.strobe-statement.org). If the detailed methods are explicitly stated in the manuscript for single case studies, STROBE may be avoided.<br />Authors producing systematic reviews and meta-analyses should follow the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines (http://www.prisma-statement.org).</p> <p><strong>Results & Discussion</strong></p> <p>Results should be clearly described in a concise manner. Results for different parameters should be described under subheadings or in separate paragraph. Table or figure numbers should be mentioned in parentheses for better understanding.</p> <p>The discussion should not repeat the results, but provide detailed interpretation of data. This should interpret the significance of the findings of the work. Citations should be given in support of the findings. The results and discussion part can also be described as separate, if appropriate.</p> <p><strong>Tables & Figures</strong></p> <p>Tables & figures should be placed inside the text. Tables and figures should be presented as per their appearance in the text. It is suggested that the discussion about the tables and figures should appear in the text before the appearance of the respective tables and figures. No tables or figures should be given without discussion or reference inside the text.</p> <p>Tables should be explanatory enough to be understandable without any text reference. Double spacing should be maintained throughout the table, including table headings and footnotes. Table headings should be placed above the table. Footnotes should be placed below the table with superscript lowercase letters. </p> <p>Each figure should have a caption. The caption should be concise and typed separately, not on the figure area. Figures should be self-explanatory. Information presented in the figure should not be repeated in the table. All symbols and abbreviations used in the illustrations should be defined clearly. Figure legends should be given below the figures.</p> <p><u>Guideline for Reporting <em>P</em> values:</u></p> <p><em>P</em> is always italicized and capitalized.</p> <p>i) Correct expression: (<em>P</em> = .05). Wrong Expression: (<em>P</em> < .05), unless <em>P</em> < .001.<br />ii) The <em>P</em> value should be expressed to 2 digits whether or not it is significant. If <em>P</em> < .01, it should be expressed to 3 digits.<br />iii) When rounding, 3 digits is acceptable if rounding would change the significance of a value (eg, <em>P</em> = .049 rounded to .05).<br />iv) Expressing <em>P</em> to more than 3 significant digits does not add useful information since precise <em>P</em> values with extreme results are sensitive to biases or departures from the statistical model.<br />v) Reporting actual <em>P</em> values avoids this problem of interpretation. <em>P</em> values should not be listed as not significant (NS) since, for meta-analysis, the actual values are important and not providing exact <em>P</em> values is a form of incomplete reporting.<br />vi) Do not use 0 before the decimal point for statistical values <em>P</em>, alpha, and beta because they cannot equal 1.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>This should briefly state the major findings of the study. </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments </strong><br />A brief acknowledgment section may be given after the conclusion section just before the references. The acknowledgments of people who provided assistance in manuscript preparation, funding for research, etc. should be listed in this section. All sources of funding should be declared as an acknowledgment. Authors should declare the role of the funding agency, if any, in the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript. If the study sponsors had no such involvement, the authors should so state.</p> <p><a name="SDI-Competing-interest"></a></p> <p><strong>Competing Interests</strong></p> <p>Declaration of competing interest is compulsory. All authors must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include employment, consultancies, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. If no such declaration has been made by the authors, reserves to assume and write this sentence: “Authors have declared that no competing interests exist.”.</p> <p><strong>AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS</strong></p> <p>Authors may use the following wording for this section: “ ‘Author A’ designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. ‘Author B’ and ‘Author C’ managed the analyses of the study. ‘Author C’ managed the literature searches…… All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”</p> <p><a name="SDI-consent-policy"></a></p> <p><strong>CONSENT (WHERE EVER APPLICABLE)</strong></p> <p>No manuscripts will be peer-reviewed if a statement of patient consent is not presented during submission (wherever applicable).<br />This section is compulsory for medical journals. Other journals may require this section if found suitable. It should provide a statement to confirm that the patient has given their informed consent for the case report to be published. Journal editorial office may ask the copies of the consent documentation at any time.</p> <p>Authors may use a form from their own institution or <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1m0Ta4m8s6RcBhmowdoCDLqb_-sZk4Eho/view?usp=sharing">Patient Consent Form 1.0</a>. It is preferable that authors should send this form along with the submission. But if already not sent during submission, we may request to see a copy at any stages of pre and post publication.</p> <p>If the person described in the case report has died, then consent for publication must be collected from their next of kin. If the individual described in the case report is a minor, or unable to provide consent, then consent must be sought from their parents or legal guardians.</p> <p>Authors may use the following wording for this section: "All authors declare that ‘written informed consent was obtained from the patient (or other approved parties) for publication of this case report and accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editorial office/Chief Editor/Editorial Board members of this journal."</p> <p><strong><a name="SDI-Ethical-approval"></a></strong></p> <p><strong>ETHICAL APPROVAL (WHERE EVER APPLICABLE)</strong></p> <p>This section is compulsory for medical journals. Other journals may require this section if found suitable. If human subjects are involved, informed consent, protection of privacy, and other human rights are further criteria against which the manuscript will be judged. It should provide a statement to confirm that the authors have obtained all necessary ethical approval from suitable Institutional or State or National or International Committee. This confirms either that this study is not against the public interest, or that the release of information is allowed by legislation.</p> <p>All manuscripts which deal with animal subjects must be approved by an Institutional Review Board (IRB), Ethical Committee, or an Animal Utilization Study Committee. , and this statement, and approval number, must accompany the submission. If required, the author should be ready to submit a scanned copy of the IRB or Ethical Committee Approval at any stage of publication (Pre of post publication stage). The manuscript should contain information about any post-operative care and pain management for the animals.</p> <p>For manuscripts involving animal experiments, Authors may use the following wording for this section “All authors hereby declare that "Principles of laboratory animal care" (NIH publication No. 85-23, revised 1985) were followed, as well as specific national laws where applicable. All experiments have been examined and approved by the appropriate ethics committee”</p> <p>All manuscripts which deal with the study of human subjects must be accompanied by Institutional Review Board (IRB) or Ethical Committee Approval, or the national or regional equivalent. The name of the Board or Committee giving approval and the study number assigned must accompany the submission. If required, the author should be ready to submit a scanned copy of the IRB or Ethical Committee Approval at any stage of publication (Pre or post publication stage).</p> <p>For manuscripts involving human experiments, Authors may use the following wording for this section: “All authors hereby declare that all experiments have been examined and approved by the appropriate ethics committee and have therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.”</p> <p> <a name="SDI-reference-style"></a></p> <p><strong>Reference style</strong></p> <p>References must be listed at the end of the manuscript and numbered in the order that they appear in the text. Every reference referred in the text must also present in the reference list and vice versa. In the text, citations should be indicated by the reference number in brackets [3].</p> <p>Only published or accepted manuscripts should be included in the reference list. Articles submitted for publication, unpublished findings and personal communications should not be included in the reference list but may be mentioned in the text (e.g., T Nelson, Purdue University, USA, Unpublished results or personal communication). Avoid citing a “personal communication” unless it provides essential information not available from a public source, in which case the name of the person and date of communication should be cited in parentheses in the text. For scientific articles, obtain written permission and confirmation of accuracy from the source of a personal communication. An unpublished result which has been accepted for publication in any journal should be cited as "in press". Journal name abbreviations should be those found in the NCBI databases (Link: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals</a>).</p> <p><u><strong>Note:</strong></u> This journal will follow this new reference style, effective from 09 Oct, 2012.</p> <p><br />All references should follow the following style:</p> <p><strong>Reference to a journal:</strong></p> <p><u><em>For Published paper:</em></u></p> <p>1. Hilly M, Adams ML, Nelson SC. A study of digit fusion in the mouse embryo. Clin Exp Allergy. 2002;32(4):489-98.</p> <p>Note: List the first six authors followed by et al.<br />Note: Use of DOI number for the full-text article is encouraged. (if available).<br />Note: Authors are also encouraged to add other database's unique identifier (like PUBMED ID).</p> <p><u><em>For Accepted, unpublished papers.</em></u><br />Same as above, but “In press” appears instead of the page numbers.</p> <p>1. Saha M, Adams ML, Nelson SC. Review of digit fusion in the mouse embryo. J Embryol Exp Morphol. 2009;49(3): (In press).</p> <p><br />Note: List the first six authors followed by et al.<br />Note: Use of DOI number is encouraged (if available).<br />Note: Authors are also encouraged to add other database's unique identifier (like PUBMED ID).</p> <p><u><em>For Articles not in English</em></u><br />Forneau E, Bovet D. Recherches sur l'action sympathicolytique d'un nouveau dérivé du dioxane. Arch Int Pharmacodyn. 1933;46:178-91. French.</p> <p><strong>Reference to a book:</strong></p> <p><u><em>Personal author(s)</em></u><br />Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Moore PK. Pharmacology. 5th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2003.</p> <p><u><em>Editor(s) or compiler(s) as authors</em></u><br />Beers MH, Porter RS, Jones TV, Kaplan JL, Berkwits M, editors. The Merck manual of diagnosis and therapy. 18th ed. Whitehouse Station (NJ): Merck Research Laboratories; 2006.</p> <p><u><em>Authored chapter in edited publication</em></u><br />Glennon RA, Dukat M. Serotonin receptors and drugs affecting serotonergic neurotransmission. In: Williams DA, Lemke TL, editors. Foye's principles of medicinal chemistry. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002.</p> <p><strong>Reference to Web-resource or Electronic articles.</strong></p> <p>Hugo JT, Mondal SC. Parallels between tissue repair and embryo morphogenesis: a conceptual framework. Global Health. 2006;16:4. Accessed 29 March 2012. Available: http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/1/1/14.</p> <p>Anonymous. Parallels between tissue repair and embryo morphogenesis: a conceptual framework. Global Health. 2006;16:4. Accessed 29 March 2012. Available: http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/1/1/14.</p> <p><br /><strong>Reference to Organization as author</strong></p> <p>Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. A study of digit fusion in the mouse embryo. J Embryol Exp Morphol. 2009;49(2):259–276.</p> <p><strong>Nomenclature and Units</strong><strong> </strong><br />Internationally accepted rules and the international system of units (SI) should be used. If other units are mentioned, please give their equivalent in SI.<br /><br />For biological nomenclature, the conventions of the<em> International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria,</em> and the<em>International Code of Zoological Nomenclature </em>should be followed<em>.</em><br /><br />Scientific names of all biological creatures (crops, plants, insects, birds, mammals, etc.) should be mentioned in parentheses at first use of their English term.</p> <p> </p> <p>Chemical nomenclature, as laid down in the <em>International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</em> and the official recommendations of the <em>IUPAC-IUB Combined Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature</em> should be followed. All biocides and other organic compounds must be identified by their Geneva names when first used in the text. Active ingredients of all formulations should be likewise identified.<br /><br /><strong>Math formulae </strong><br />All equations referred to in the text should be numbered serially at the right-hand side in parentheses. Meaning of all symbols should be given immediately after the equation at first use. Instead of root signs, fractional powers should be used.<br />Subscripts and superscripts should be presented clearly. Variables should be presented in italics. Greek letters and non-Roman symbols should be described in the margin at their first use.</p> <p>To avoid any misunderstanding zero (0) and the letter O, and one (1) and the letter l should be clearly differentiated.<br />For simple fractions use of the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line is recommended.<br />Levels of statistical significance such as: <sup>*</sup>P <0.05, <sup>**</sup>P <0.01 and <sup>***</sup>P <0.001 do not require any further explanation.<br /> </p> <p><strong>Copyright and License</strong></p> <p><br />1. Submission of a manuscript clearly indicates that: the study has not been published before or is not under consideration for publication elsewhere (except as an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis); its publication is permitted by all authors and after accepted for publication it will not be submitted for publication anywhere else, in English or in any other language, without the written approval of the copyright holder. </p> <p>2. The journal may consider manuscripts that are translations of articles originally published in another language. In this case, the consent of the journal in which the article was originally published must be obtained and the fact that the article has already been published must be made clear on submission and stated in the abstract. It is compulsory for the authors to ensure that no material submitted as part of a manuscript infringes existing copyrights or the rights of a third party. </p> <p>3. Copyright of any open-access article, published in this journal, is retained by the author(s).</p> <p>4. Submission of a manuscript clearly indicates that authors grant this journal a license to publish the article and identify the journal as the original publisher. The submitting author (corresponding author) is responsible for ensuring that the article's publication has been approved by all the other coauthors and after the publication of the paper author-dispute-related issues will not be entertained. It is also the corresponding authors' responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular institution are submitted with the approval of the necessary institution.</p> <p>5. Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details, and publisher are identified.</p> <p>6. The Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 formalizes these and other terms and conditions of publishing articles.</p> <p>7. Where an author is prevented from being the copyright holder (for instance in the case of US government employees or those of Commonwealth governments), minor variations may be required. In such cases, the copyright line and license statement in individual articles will be adjusted, for example to state ‘© 2016 Crown copyright’.</p> <p>8. Authors requiring a variation of this type should inform the journal during or immediately after submission of their article. Changes to the copyright line cannot be made after the publication of an article.</p> <p>9. Authors should mandatorily ensure that submission of a manuscript to this journal would result in no breach of contract or of confidence or of commitment given to secrecy.</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Proofs</strong></p> <p>A PDF file of proof will be sent to the corresponding author as an e-mail attachment. Authors will be asked to check any typographical or minor clerical errors in the manuscript at this stage. No other major alteration in the manuscript is allowed. After publication authors can freely access the full text of the article as well as can download and print the PDF file.</p> <p><strong>Fees and Charges</strong></p> <p>Authors are requested to visit <a href="https://journaljalsi.com/index.php/JALSI/publication-charge">Publication Charge</a>, FAQ and Help, Authors section and <a href="https://journaljalsi.com/index.php/JALSI/membership-page">Institutional membership section</a> to have information about Publication Charge and discounts.</p> <p><strong>Submission Checklist</strong></p> <p>Kindly ensure to send the following 2 files during submission.<br />1. Manuscript formatted as per paper template (<a href="https://www.eurohost365.net/doc/SDI-Paper-template.docx">MS Word Template</a> and <a href="https://www.eurohost365.net/doc/Latex-Template-JAMCS.zip">Latex Template</a>)</p> <p>2. Manuscript Submission form (See <a href="https://www.eurohost365.net/doc/SDI-Manuscript-Submission-form.docx">link</a>)</p> </div> <div class="row pt-3"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-between"> <h3> Privacy Statement </h3> </div> <div class="page-header"> <h3>Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement</h3> </div> <p>This journal follows the guidelines of the ‘Committee on Publication Ethics’ (COPE) (<a href="https://publicationethics.org/">https://publicationethics.org</a>). This journal follows the ‘Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors’ and the ‘Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers’ as mentioned in COPE website (<a href="https://publicationethics.org/guidance/Guidelines">https://publicationethics.org/guidance/Guidelines</a> and <a href="https://publicationethics.org/guidance/Flowcharts">https://publicationethics.org/guidance/Flowcharts</a>).</p> <p> </p> <h3><strong>1. Duties of Editors</strong></h3> <h4>1.1 Fair play</h4> <p>The submitted manuscripts are assessed for their academic content regardless of the authors' race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship or political philosophy. Decisions to edit and publish are not controlled by government regulations or by any other entity outside the journal itself.</p> <h4>1.2 Confidentiality</h4> <p>Editors and editorial staff will not reveal any details about a submitted manuscript to anyone, other than the corresponding author, reviewers, prospective reviewers, other editorial advisors and the publisher, as necessary.</p> <h4>1.3 Disclosure and conflicts of interest</h4> <p>Unpublished materials contained in a submitted manuscript must not be used in the own research of an Editor without explicit written permission of the author(s). Privileged information or ideas that editors receive as a result of manuscript handling would be kept confidential and not used for their personal benefit. Editors will refuse to act as an editor for manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest arising from financial, competitive, collaborative or other relationships/association with any of the authors, companies or organisations linked to the papers; instead, they will ask another board member to handle the manuscript.</p> <h4>1.4 Publication decisions</h4> <p>The journal's editor is responsible for determining which of the submitted papers should be published. The editor may be guided by the policy of the Editorial Board of the journal and limited by such legal provisions as are then in place in respect of libel, violation of copyright and plagiarism. When making this decision, the handling editor can consult with other editors or reviewers.</p> <h3><br><strong>2. Duties of Peer Reviewers</strong></h3> <h4>2.1 Contribution to editorial decisions</h4> <p>Peer review helps the editor to make editorial decisions and, through editorial correspondence with the author, can also assist the author in the refinement of the manuscript.</p> <h4>2.2 Promptness</h4> <p>Any invited referee who feels unqualified to review the research contained in a manuscript or who knows that its timely review would be extremely difficult/impossible should immediately inform the editors and refuse the invitation to review so that alternative reviewers can be contacted.</p> <h4>2.3 Confidentiality</h4> <p>Manuscripts submitted for review must be considered as confidential documents. Except where approved by the editor, they must not be shown or shared with others. This policy is also applicable for the invited reviewers who refuse the invitation to review.</p> <h4>2.4 Standards of objectivity</h4> <p>Reviews should be carried out objectively, and suggestions should be clearly articulated with supporting reasons, so that authors may use them to refine the manuscript. Personal criticism of the author(s) is inappropriate and must be avoided. Referees should clearly express their opinions with suitable and reasonable supporting arguments.</p> <h4>2.5 Acknowledgement of sources</h4> <p>Reviewers should also identify relevant published work which the authors have not cited. Every statement that is an observation, derivation or argument that has been published in previous publications should be followed by the relevant citation. The reviewer should also inform the editors of any apparent resemblance or similarity between the manuscript under consideration and any other manuscripts (published or unpublished) about which they have personal knowledge.</p> <h4>2.6 Disclosure and conflict of interest</h4> <p>Privileged information or concepts gained through peer review must be held confidential and not used for personal gain. Reviewers must not consider reviewing manuscripts in which they have a conflict of interest as a result of a financial, competitive, collaborative or other relationship or association with any of the authors, companies or organisations involved in the submission.<br> </p> <h3><strong>3. Duties of authors</strong></h3> <h4>3.1 Reporting standards</h4> <p>Authors documenting the findings of the original research should include an accurate description of the work done and an objective analysis of its importance. The underlying data should be correctly reflected in the manuscript. The paper should contain sufficient detail and references to allow others to reproduce the work. Fraudulent or intentionally false claims represent unethical behaviour and are not permissible.</p> <h4>3.2 Originality and Plagiarism</h4> <p>The authors should ensure that they have written completely original works, and if the authors have used the works and/or the words of others, that they have been properly referenced or quoted. Plagiarism takes several types, from "passing" another's paper as the author's own, to copying or paraphrasing large sections of another's paper (without attribution) to claiming findings from studies by others. Plagiarism, in all its forms, constitutes an unethical behaviour in publishing and is unacceptable.</p> <h4>3.3 Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication</h4> <p>In general, the author should not publish papers presenting fundamentally the same study in more than one journal or primary publication. At the same time, the submission of the same manuscript to more than one journal constitutes an unethical publishing activity and is unacceptable.</p> <h4>3.4 Acknowledgement of sources</h4> <p>Proper acknowledgement of the work of others must always be provided. Authors should also cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work.< /p></p> <h4>3.5 Authorship of the manuscript</h4> <p>Authorship should be restricted to those who have made an important contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made major contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be named in an Acknowledgement section. The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors (according to the above definition) and no inappropriate co-authors are included in the author list of the manuscript and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.</p> <h4>3.6 Hazards and human or animal subjects</h4> <p>If the work involves chemicals, procedures or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use, the authors must clearly identify these in the manuscript.</p> <h4>3.7 Disclosure and conflicts of interest</h4> <p>All authors must disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflicts of interest that might be construed to influence the results or their interpretation in the manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.</p> <h4>3.8 Peer review</h4> <p>Authors are obliged to participate in the peer-review process and cooperate fully by responding promptly to editors’ requests for raw data, clarifications, and proof of ethics approval, patient consents and copyright permissions. In the case of a first decision of "revisions necessary", authors should respond to the reviewers’ comments systematically, point by point, and in a timely manner, revising and re-submitting their manuscript to the journal by the deadline given.</p> <h4>3.9 Data access and retention</h4> <p>Authors may be asked to provide the raw data of their study together with the manuscript for editorial review.</p> <h4>3.10 Fundamental errors in published works</h4> <p>When authors discover significant errors or inaccuracies in their own published work, it is their obligation to promptly notify the journal’s editors or publisher and cooperate with them to either correct the paper in the form of an erratum or to retract the paper. If the editors or publisher learns from a third party that a published work contains a significant error or inaccuracy, then it is the authors’ obligation to promptly correct or retract the paper or provide evidence to the journal editors of the correctness of the paper.</p> <h3> <br><strong>4. Duties of the Publisher</strong></h3> <h4>4.1 Handling of unethical publishing behaviour</h4> <p>In cases of alleged or proven scientific misconduct, fraudulent publication or plagiarism the publisher, in close collaboration with the editor, will take all appropriate measures to clarify the situation and to amend the article in question. This includes the prompt publication of an erratum or, in the most severe cases, the complete retraction of the affected work. The publisher, together with the editors, shall take reasonable steps to identify and prevent the publication of papers where research misconduct has occurred, and under no circumstances encourage such misconduct or knowingly allow such misconduct to take place.</p> <h4>4.2 Access to journal content</h4> <p>The publisher is committed to the permanent availability and preservation of scholarly research and ensures accessibility by maintaining its own digital archive.</p> <h4>4.3 Fair play</h4> <p>The Publisher and the Journal do not discriminate on the basis of age, colour, religion, creed, disability, marital status, veteran status, national origin, race, gender, genetic predisposition or carrier status, or sexual orientation in its publishing programs, services and activities.</p> <p> </p> <h3><strong>5. Copyright and License</strong></h3> <p>5.1 Submission of a manuscript clearly indicates that: the study has not been published before or is not under consideration for publication elsewhere (except as an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis); its publication is permitted by all authors and after accepted for publication it will not be submitted for publication anywhere else, in English or in any other language, without the written approval of the copyright holder. Authors should mandatorily ensure that submission of a manuscript to this journal would result in no breach of contract or of confidence or of commitment given to secrecy. The journal may consider manuscripts that are translations of articles originally published in another language. In this case, the consent of the journal in which the article was originally published must be obtained and the fact that the article has already been published must be made clear on submission and stated in the abstract. It is compulsory for the authors to ensure that no material submitted as part of a manuscript infringes existing copyrights or the rights of a third party. </p> <p>5.2 Submission of a manuscript clearly indicates that authors grant this journal a <strong>license</strong> to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. The submitting author (corresponding author) is responsible for ensuring that the article's publication has been approved by all the other co-authors and after the publication of the paper author-dispute related issues will not be entertained. It is also the corresponding authors' responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular institution are submitted with the approval of the necessary institution.</p> <p>5.3 Copyright on any open access article published in this journal is retained by the author(s). The <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0&source=gmail&ust=1605699336172000&usg=AFQjCNGKKZnDM40QKgNFIYLlTAGq12F-Uw">Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0</a> (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0&source=gmail&ust=1605699336172000&usg=AFQjCNGKKZnDM40QKgNFIYLlTAGq12F-Uw">https://creativecommons.org/<wbr>licenses/by/4.0</a>) formalizes these and other terms and conditions of publishing articles. Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. This journal gives permission to authors to post final accepted versions or published articles on third party repositories, provided citation details and publisher are identified</p> <p>5.4 Where an author is prevented from being the copyright holder (for instance in the case of US government employees or those of Commonwealth governments), minor variations may be required. In such cases, the copyright line and license statement in individual articles will be adjusted, for example to state ‘© 2016 Crown copyright’. Authors requiring a variation of this type should inform the journal during or immediately after submission of their article. Changes to the copyright line cannot be made after publication of an article.</p> </div> </div> <div class="container mt-5 px-4 pb-4"> </div> </section> <section class="footer container-fluid"> <div class="container py-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <p>© Copyright 2010-Till Date, Journal of Applied Life Sciences International. 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