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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bonham_Strand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bonham_Strand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Bonham Strand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bonham_Strand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Praya_Reclamation_Scheme_(1868–1904)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Praya_Reclamation_Scheme_(1868–1904)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Praya Reclamation Scheme (1868–1904)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Praya_Reclamation_Scheme_(1868–1904)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Praya_East_Reclamation_Scheme_(1921–1931)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Praya_East_Reclamation_Scheme_(1921–1931)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Praya East Reclamation Scheme (1921–1931)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Praya_East_Reclamation_Scheme_(1921–1931)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kai_Tak_Airport_extension_(1957–1974)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kai_Tak_Airport_extension_(1957–1974)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Kai Tak Airport extension (1957–1974)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kai_Tak_Airport_extension_(1957–1974)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_towns,_phases_1–3_(1973–1996)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_towns,_phases_1–3_(1973–1996)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>New towns, phases 1–3 (1973–1996)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_towns,_phases_1–3_(1973–1996)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_International_Airport_construction_(1991–1998)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_International_Airport_construction_(1991–1998)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>New International Airport construction (1991–1998)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_International_Airport_construction_(1991–1998)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_and_Wan_Chai_projects_(1993–2018)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_and_Wan_Chai_projects_(1993–2018)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Central and Wan Chai projects (1993–2018)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_and_Wan_Chai_projects_(1993–2018)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disneyland_construction_(2003–2005)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disneyland_construction_(2003–2005)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Disneyland construction (2003–2005)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disneyland_construction_(2003–2005)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong-Zhuhai-Macau_Bridge_(2009–2018)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong-Zhuhai-Macau_Bridge_(2009–2018)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge (2009–2018)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong-Zhuhai-Macau_Bridge_(2009–2018)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tung_Chung_New_Town_Extension_(2017-_)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tung_Chung_New_Town_Extension_(2017-_)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Tung Chung New Town Extension (2017- )</span> </div> 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Environmental legislation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Reclamation of land</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:274px;max-width:274px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:272px;max-width:272px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hong_Kong_Reclamation_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hong_Kong_Reclamation_Map.png/270px-Hong_Kong_Reclamation_Map.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hong_Kong_Reclamation_Map.png/405px-Hong_Kong_Reclamation_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hong_Kong_Reclamation_Map.png/540px-Hong_Kong_Reclamation_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Land reclamation (grey area) in Hong Kong. Note that most of the urban area (shown in pink in the map below) of Hong Kong is on the reclaimed land.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:272px;max-width:272px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HongKong_boundary_from_space.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/HongKong_boundary_from_space.png/270px-HongKong_boundary_from_space.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/HongKong_boundary_from_space.png/405px-HongKong_boundary_from_space.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/HongKong_boundary_from_space.png/540px-HongKong_boundary_from_space.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="662" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">reclamation of land</a> from the ocean has long been used in mountainous <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> to expand the limited supply of usable land with a total of around 60 square kilometres of land created by 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first reclamations can be traced back to the early <a href="/wiki/Western_Han_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Han dynasty">Western Han dynasty</a> (206 BC – 9 AD), when beaches were turned into fields for <a href="/wiki/Sea_salt" title="Sea salt">salt production</a>. Major land reclamation projects have been conducted since the mid-19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Projects">Projects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bonham_Strand">Bonham Strand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bonham Strand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bonham_Strand" title="Bonham Strand">Bonham Strand</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Praya_Reclamation_Scheme_(1868–1904)"><span id="Praya_Reclamation_Scheme_.281868.E2.80.931904.29"></span>Praya Reclamation Scheme (1868–1904)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Praya Reclamation Scheme (1868–1904)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Praya_Reclamation_Scheme" title="Praya Reclamation Scheme">Praya Reclamation Scheme</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Causeway_Road2007.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Causeway_Road2007.JPG/220px-Causeway_Road2007.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Causeway_Road2007.JPG/330px-Causeway_Road2007.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Causeway_Road2007.JPG/440px-Causeway_Road2007.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Marker in <a href="/wiki/Causeway_Bay" title="Causeway Bay">Causeway Bay</a> showing the former location of the coastline</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the earliest projects, the works were completed in two phases. The second added 50 to 60 acres (24 ha) of land in 1890 during the second phase of construction. It was one of the most ambitious projects ever undertaken during the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Colonial_Hong_Kong_(1800s%E2%80%931930s)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Colonial Hong Kong (1800s–1930s)">Colonial Hong Kong</a> era.<sup id="cite_ref-Bard_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bard-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-titans_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-titans-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It significantly expanded the land around <a href="/wiki/Praya_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="Praya Central">Praya Central</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Praya_East_Reclamation_Scheme_(1921–1931)"><span id="Praya_East_Reclamation_Scheme_.281921.E2.80.931931.29"></span>Praya East Reclamation Scheme (1921–1931)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Praya East Reclamation Scheme (1921–1931)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Praya_East_Reclamation_Scheme" title="Praya East Reclamation Scheme">Praya East Reclamation Scheme</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kai_Tak_Airport_extension_(1957–1974)"><span id="Kai_Tak_Airport_extension_.281957.E2.80.931974.29"></span>Kai Tak Airport extension (1957–1974)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Kai Tak Airport extension (1957–1974)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kai_Tak_Airport#1945_to_1970s" title="Kai Tak Airport">Kai Tak Airport § 1945 to 1970s</a></div> <p>The old airport, Kai Tak, was located In Kowloon and part of the land is reclaimed. A section of runway and most parking stands were built on reclaimed land. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_towns,_phases_1–3_(1973–1996)"><span id="New_towns.2C_phases_1.E2.80.933_.281973.E2.80.931996.29"></span>New towns, phases 1–3 (1973–1996)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: New towns, phases 1–3 (1973–1996)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_towns_of_Hong_Kong#New_towns" title="New towns of Hong Kong">New towns of Hong Kong § New towns</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/New_towns_of_Hong_Kong" title="New towns of Hong Kong">new towns</a> were mostly built on reclaimed land, such as <a href="/wiki/Tuen_Mun" title="Tuen Mun">Tuen Mun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tai_Po" title="Tai Po">Tai Po</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sha_Tin" title="Sha Tin">Sha Tin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ma_On_Shan_(town)" title="Ma On Shan (town)">Ma On Shan</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Kowloon" title="West Kowloon">West Kowloon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kwun_Tong" title="Kwun Tong">Kwun Tong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tseung_Kwan_O" title="Tseung Kwan O">Tseung Kwan O</a>. These were built in a series of three phases. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_International_Airport_construction_(1991–1998)"><span id="New_International_Airport_construction_.281991.E2.80.931998.29"></span>New International Airport construction (1991–1998)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: New International Airport construction (1991–1998)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_International_Airport#History" title="Hong Kong International Airport">Hong Kong International Airport § History</a></div> <p>The "new" airport, <a href="/wiki/Chek_Lap_Kok" title="Chek Lap Kok">Chek Lap Kok</a> International airport was built on two islands and was opened in 1998. Land was reclaimed to build a third runway and extend the current Terminal 2 in the airport. <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_and_Wan_Chai_projects_(1993–2018)"><span id="Central_and_Wan_Chai_projects_.281993.E2.80.932018.29"></span>Central and Wan Chai projects (1993–2018)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Central and Wan Chai projects (1993–2018)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Central_and_Wan_Chai_Reclamation" title="Central and Wan Chai Reclamation">Central and Wan Chai Reclamation</a></div> <p>Several projects in and around <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Harbour" title="Victoria Harbour">Victoria Harbour</a>, constructed for various purposes. This includes transportation improvements such as the Hong Kong MTR Station, Airport Express Railway & Central-Wanchai Bypass, as well as public recreation space such as the Central Harbourfront Event Space, <a href="/wiki/Tamar_Park" title="Tamar Park">Tamar Park</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Observation_Wheel" title="Hong Kong Observation Wheel">Hong Kong Observation Wheel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disneyland_construction_(2003–2005)"><span id="Disneyland_construction_.282003.E2.80.932005.29"></span>Disneyland construction (2003–2005)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Disneyland construction (2003–2005)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Disneyland_Resort#Construction" title="Hong Kong Disneyland Resort">Hong Kong Disneyland Resort § Construction</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hong_Kong-Zhuhai-Macau_Bridge_(2009–2018)"><span id="Hong_Kong-Zhuhai-Macau_Bridge_.282009.E2.80.932018.29"></span>Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge (2009–2018)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge (2009–2018)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HZMB_route.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HZMB_route.svg/220px-HZMB_route.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HZMB_route.svg/330px-HZMB_route.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HZMB_route.svg/440px-HZMB_route.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>route of the HKZM bridge</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Zhuhai%E2%80%93Macau_Bridge#Construction" title="Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge">Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge § Construction</a></div> <p>The bridge project involved the creation of four islands, including one in Hong Kong. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tung_Chung_New_Town_Extension_(2017-_)"><span id="Tung_Chung_New_Town_Extension_.282017-_.29"></span>Tung Chung New Town Extension (2017- )</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tung Chung New Town Extension (2017- )"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tung_Chung#Future_development" title="Tung Chung">Tung Chung § Future development</a></div> <p>Currently under construction, an expansion of <a href="/wiki/Tung_Chung" title="Tung Chung">Tung Chung</a> on the north shore of Lantau island. The project is expected to be completed in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hong_Kong_International_Airport_Third_Runway_(2016–2024)"><span id="Hong_Kong_International_Airport_Third_Runway_.282016.E2.80.932024.29"></span>Hong Kong International Airport Third Runway (2016–2024)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hong Kong International Airport Third Runway (2016–2024)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_International_Airport_Master_Plan_2030" title="Hong Kong International Airport Master Plan 2030">Hong Kong International Airport Master Plan 2030</a></div> <p>The third <a href="/wiki/Runway" title="Runway">runway</a> and the extension of Terminal 2 in the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_International_Airport" title="Hong Kong International Airport">Hong Kong International Airport</a> is built on reclaimed land.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lantau_Tomorrow_Vision_(planned)"><span id="Lantau_Tomorrow_Vision_.28planned.29"></span>Lantau Tomorrow Vision (planned)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Lantau Tomorrow Vision (planned)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lantau_Tomorrow_Vision" title="Lantau Tomorrow Vision">Lantau Tomorrow Vision</a></div> <p>In October 2018, a development project was announced with the intention of creating 1700 hectares of land in the form of new islands off the east coast of Lantau, to house an estimated 1.1 million people. The project has an estimated cost of HK$500 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issues">Issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much reclamation has taken place in prime locations on the waterfront on both sides of <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Harbour" title="Victoria Harbour">Victoria Harbour</a>. This has raised environmental issues of the protection of the harbour which was once the source of prosperity of Hong Kong, traffic congestion in the <a href="/wiki/Central,_Hong_Kong" title="Central, Hong Kong">Central district</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-court_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-court-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the collusion of the Hong Kong Government with the real estate developers in the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_legislation">Environmental legislation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Environmental legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hong Kong legislators passed the <a href="/wiki/Protection_of_the_Harbour_Ordinance" title="Protection of the Harbour Ordinance">Protection of the Harbour Ordinance</a> in 1996 in an effort to safeguard the increasingly threatened <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Harbour" title="Victoria Harbour">Victoria Harbour</a> against encroaching <a href="/wiki/Land_development" title="Land development">land development</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bill_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bill-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a <a href="/wiki/Judicial_review_in_Hong_Kong" title="Judicial review in Hong Kong">judicial review</a> in January 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Final_Appeal_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Final Appeal (Hong Kong)">Court of Final Appeal</a> stipulated an "overriding public need" test which the government must adhere in order to carry out reclamation at Victoria Harbour.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 196.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 194.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ShaTin-ShingMunRiver-EarlyStageOfDevelopment.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sha Tin New Town under development in the 1980s"><img alt="Sha Tin New Town under development in the 1980s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/ShaTin-ShingMunRiver-EarlyStageOfDevelopment.jpg/292px-ShaTin-ShingMunRiver-EarlyStageOfDevelopment.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/ShaTin-ShingMunRiver-EarlyStageOfDevelopment.jpg/438px-ShaTin-ShingMunRiver-EarlyStageOfDevelopment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/ShaTin-ShingMunRiver-EarlyStageOfDevelopment.jpg/583px-ShaTin-ShingMunRiver-EarlyStageOfDevelopment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="793" data-file-height="612" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sha_Tin_New_Town" title="Sha Tin New Town">Sha Tin New Town</a> under development in the 1980s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 188px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hong_Kong_Kai_Tak_Airport_1971.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kai Tak Airport in the 1970s, before more reclamation work was undertaken."><img alt="Kai Tak Airport in the 1970s, before more reclamation work was undertaken." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Hong_Kong_Kai_Tak_Airport_1971.jpg/282px-Hong_Kong_Kai_Tak_Airport_1971.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Hong_Kong_Kai_Tak_Airport_1971.jpg/423px-Hong_Kong_Kai_Tak_Airport_1971.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Hong_Kong_Kai_Tak_Airport_1971.jpg/563px-Hong_Kong_Kai_Tak_Airport_1971.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1314" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Kai Tak Airport in the 1970s, before more reclamation work was undertaken.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Disneyland_Site_from_the_air.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hong Kong Disneyland Resort under construction (October 2004)"><img alt="Hong Kong Disneyland Resort under construction (October 2004)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Disneyland_Site_from_the_air.jpg/169px-Disneyland_Site_from_the_air.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Disneyland_Site_from_the_air.jpg/253px-Disneyland_Site_from_the_air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Disneyland_Site_from_the_air.jpg/337px-Disneyland_Site_from_the_air.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Disneyland_Resort" title="Hong Kong Disneyland Resort">Hong Kong Disneyland Resort</a> under construction (October 2004)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_bird%27s_eye_view_of_Hong_Kong_International_Airport.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The airport platform of Hong Kong International Airport in 2010"><img alt="The airport platform of Hong Kong International Airport in 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/A_bird%27s_eye_view_of_Hong_Kong_International_Airport.JPG/338px-A_bird%27s_eye_view_of_Hong_Kong_International_Airport.JPG" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/A_bird%27s_eye_view_of_Hong_Kong_International_Airport.JPG/507px-A_bird%27s_eye_view_of_Hong_Kong_International_Airport.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/A_bird%27s_eye_view_of_Hong_Kong_International_Airport.JPG/675px-A_bird%27s_eye_view_of_Hong_Kong_International_Airport.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The airport platform of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_International_Airport" title="Hong Kong International Airport">Hong Kong International Airport</a> in 2010</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_reclamations_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Land reclamations of the People's Republic of China">Land reclamations of the People's Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Protection_of_the_Harbour" title="Society for Protection of the Harbour">Society for Protection of the Harbour</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation_in_Monaco" title="Land reclamation in Monaco">Land reclamation in Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Land reclamation in the United Arab Emirates">Land reclamation in the United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation_in_Singapore" title="Land reclamation in Singapore">Land reclamation in Singapore</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.landsd.gov.hk/mapping/en/download/download/map/ar9_4e.jpg">Reclamation and Development in Hong Kong (map)</a>, HK Government</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EIA1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EIA1_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epd.gov.hk/eia/register/report/eiareport/eia_0552001/report/vol2/eia_0552001appendix_w.pdf">EIA: A survey report of Historical Buildings and Structures within the Project Area of the Central Reclamation Phase III</a>, Chan Sui San Peter for the HK Government, February 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bard-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bard_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBard2002" class="citation book cs1">Bard, Solomon (2002). <i>Voices from the past: Hong Kong, 1842–1918</i>. <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_University_Press" title="Hong Kong University Press">Hong Kong University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-962-209-574-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-962-209-574-8"><bdi>978-962-209-574-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voices+from+the+past%3A+Hong+Kong%2C+1842%E2%80%931918&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-962-209-574-8&rft.aulast=Bard&rft.aufirst=Solomon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+reclamation+in+Hong+Kong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-titans-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-titans_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWordie,_Jason1999" class="citation news cs1">Wordie, Jason (18 April 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110522042337/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=&art_id=27127&sid=&con_type=1&d_str=19990418&sear_year=1999">"Land-grabbing titans who changed HK's profit for good"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Standard_(Hong_Kong)" title="The Standard (Hong Kong)">Hong Kong Standard</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=&art_id=27127&sid=&con_type=1&d_str=19990418&sear_year=1999">the original</a> on 22 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Land-grabbing+titans+who+changed+HK%27s+profit+for+good&rft.date=1999-04-18&rft.au=Wordie%2C+Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestandard.com.hk%2Fnews_detail.asp%3Fpp_cat%3D%26art_id%3D27127%26sid%3D%26con_type%3D1%26d_str%3D19990418%26sear_year%3D1999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+reclamation+in+Hong+Kong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hong_Kong_International_Airport#Future_development</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hong Kong Government Press Release. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201801/10/P2018011000659.htm">CEDD signs contract for Tung Chung New Town Extension - Reclamation and Advance works</a>", January 10, 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.threerunwaysystem.com/en/three-runway-system/project-overview/">"Project Timeline - Three Runway System - Hong Kong International Airport"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Project+Timeline+-+Three+Runway+System+-+Hong+Kong+International+Airport&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.threerunwaysystem.com%2Fen%2Fthree-runway-system%2Fproject-overview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+reclamation+in+Hong+Kong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhao2018" class="citation news cs1">Zhao, Shirley (19 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/hong-kong-economy/article/2173774/hong-kong-ready-splash-hk500-billion-or-more-lantau">"Is Hong Kong ready to splash HK$500 billion (or more) on Lantau Tomorrow Vision reclamation?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Is+Hong+Kong+ready+to+splash+HK%24500+billion+%28or+more%29+on+Lantau+Tomorrow+Vision+reclamation%3F&rft.date=2018-11-19&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=Shirley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Fhong-kong-economy%2Farticle%2F2173774%2Fhong-kong-ready-splash-hk500-billion-or-more-lantau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+reclamation+in+Hong+Kong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhaoSum2018" class="citation news cs1">Zhao, Shirley; Sum, Lok-kei (21 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2169535/hong-kong-leader-carrie-lam-bulldozes-ahead-lantau-island">"Hong Kong leader Carrie Lam bulldozes ahead with Lantau Island reclamation idea...but at what cost?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+leader+Carrie+Lam+bulldozes+ahead+with+Lantau+Island+reclamation+idea...but+at+what+cost%3F&rft.date=2018-10-21&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=Shirley&rft.au=Sum%2C+Lok-kei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F2169535%2Fhong-kong-leader-carrie-lam-bulldozes-ahead-lantau-island&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+reclamation+in+Hong+Kong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-court-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-court_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121019045859/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=11&art_id=24977&sid=9273648&con_type=1&d_str=20060814&sear_year=2006">"Courts protect our imperiled waterway – at least for the time being"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Standard_(Hong_Kong)" title="The Standard (Hong Kong)">Hong Kong Standard</a>. 14 August 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=11&art_id=24977&sid=9273648&con_type=1&d_str=20060814&sear_year=2006">the original</a> on 19 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Courts+protect+our+imperiled+waterway+%E2%80%93+at+least+for+the+time+being&rft.date=2006-08-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestandard.com.hk%2Fnews_detail.asp%3Fpp_cat%3D11%26art_id%3D24977%26sid%3D9273648%26con_type%3D1%26d_str%3D20060814%26sear_year%3D2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+reclamation+in+Hong+Kong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeGolyer2007" class="citation news cs1">DeGolyer, Michael (15 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604140403/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=15&art_id=40170&sid=12642159&con_type=1&d_str=20070315&sear_year=2007">"Commentary: Just Looking for Answers"</a>. Hong Kong Standard. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=15&art_id=40170&sid=12642159&con_type=1&d_str=20070315&sear_year=2007">the original</a> on 4 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Commentary%3A+Just+Looking+for+Answers&rft.date=2007-03-15&rft.aulast=DeGolyer&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestandard.com.hk%2Fnews_detail.asp%3Fpp_cat%3D15%26art_id%3D40170%26sid%3D12642159%26con_type%3D1%26d_str%3D20070315%26sear_year%3D2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+reclamation+in+Hong+Kong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNg2006" class="citation news cs1">Ng, Michael (5 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604140414/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=11&art_id=28758&sid=10237275&con_type=1&d_str=20061005&sear_year=2006">"Lawmaker warns of West Kowloon arts venue glut"</a>. Hong Kong Standard. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=11&art_id=28758&sid=10237275&con_type=1&d_str=20061005&sear_year=2006">the original</a> on 4 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lawmaker+warns+of+West+Kowloon+arts+venue+glut&rft.date=2006-10-05&rft.aulast=Ng&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestandard.com.hk%2Fnews_detail.asp%3Fpp_cat%3D11%26art_id%3D28758%26sid%3D10237275%26con_type%3D1%26d_str%3D20061005%26sear_year%3D2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+reclamation+in+Hong+Kong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bill-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bill_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallis1996" class="citation news cs1">Wallis, Keith (12 February 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604140503/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=&art_id=23201&sid=&con_type=1&d_str=19960212&sear_year=1996">"Bill seeks to protect harbour"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Standard_(Hong_Kong)" title="The Standard (Hong Kong)">Hong Kong Standard</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=&art_id=23201&sid=&con_type=1&d_str=19960212&sear_year=1996">the original</a> on 4 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bill+seeks+to+protect+harbour&rft.date=1996-02-12&rft.aulast=Wallis&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestandard.com.hk%2Fnews_detail.asp%3Fpp_cat%3D%26art_id%3D23201%26sid%3D%26con_type%3D1%26d_str%3D19960212%26sear_year%3D1996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+reclamation+in+Hong+Kong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200811/02/P200811020168.htm">"Government committed to harbour protection"</a>. <i>www.info.gov.hk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.info.gov.hk&rft.atitle=Government+committed+to+harbour+protection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.info.gov.hk%2Fgia%2Fgeneral%2F200811%2F02%2FP200811020168.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+reclamation+in+Hong+Kong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Land reclamation in Hong Kong">Land reclamation in Hong Kong</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120302074724/http://www.landsupply.hk/index.php?lang=eng">Enhancing Land Supply Strategy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epd.gov.hk/eia/register/report/eiareport/eia_1532008/EIA-pdf/Appendix/app%206.1.pdf">Reclamation History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.landsd.gov.hk/mapping/en/download/maps.htm">Maps of the reclamations</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hk-place.com/view.php?id=119">Detailed list of historical land reclamation projects in Hong Kong</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></li> <li>Chen Yu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newurbanquestion.ifou.org/proceedings/5%20The%20Transformation%20of%20Urban%20Form/full%20papers/D008_Chen_Yu_TransformationWaterfront.pdf">"Transformation of waterfront space in Asian cities: Macau, Hong Kong, Shanghai"</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Singapore" title="National University of Singapore">National University of Singapore</a>, 2009</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710065600/http://www.landsupply.hk/">"Enhancing Land Supply Strategy: Reclamation Outside Victoria Harbour and Rock Cavern Development"</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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title="History of Hong Kong">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Hong_Kong" title="Prehistoric Hong Kong">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong_under_Imperial_China" title="History of Hong Kong under Imperial China">Imperial China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bao%27an_County" title="Bao'an County">Bao'an County and Xin'an County</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong_(1800s%E2%80%931930s)" title="History of Hong Kong (1800s–1930s)">1800s–1930s</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_during_World_War_I" title="Hong Kong during World War I">WWI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Battle of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Japanese occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950s_in_Hong_Kong" title="1950s in Hong Kong">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960s_in_Hong_Kong" title="1960s in Hong Kong">1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970s_in_Hong_Kong" title="1970s in Hong Kong">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s_in_Hong_Kong" title="1980s in Hong Kong">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_Hong_Kong" title="1990s in Hong Kong">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">Handover of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s_in_Hong_Kong" title="2000s in Hong Kong">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_in_Hong_Kong" title="2010s in Hong Kong">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_Hong_Kong" title="2020s in Hong Kong">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hong_Kong" title="Geography of Hong Kong">Geography</a></th><td 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parks and gardens in Hong Kong">Public parks and gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reservoirs_of_Hong_Kong" title="List of reservoirs of Hong Kong">Reservoirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_and_nullahs_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of rivers and nullahs in Hong Kong">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of villages in Hong Kong">Villages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Volunteers" title="March of the Volunteers">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law" title="Hong Kong Basic Law">Basic Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a></li> <li><a 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title="LGBT rights in Hong Kong">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Hong_Kong_Garrison" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Liberation Army Hong Kong Garrison">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of political parties in Hong Kong">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong protests">Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-British_Joint_Declaration" title="Sino-British Joint Declaration">Sino-British Joint Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions of China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Civil_Service" title="Hong Kong Civil Service">Public services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Hong_Kong" title="Education in Hong Kong">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Fire_Services_Department" title="Hong Kong Fire Services Department">Fire services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Health_Bureau" title="Food and Health Bureau">Food and Health Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Hong_Kong" title="Health in Hong Kong">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Economy of Hong Kong">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of 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class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicabs of Hong Kong">Taxis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Hong_Kong" title="Crime in Hong Kong">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Hong_Kong" title="Prostitution in Hong Kong">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Hong_Kong" title="Sex trafficking in Hong Kong">Sex trafficking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hong_Kong" title="Culture of Hong Kong">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Hong_Kong" title="Architecture of Hong Kong">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hong_Kong" title="Cinema of Hong Kong">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_comics" title="Hong Kong comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheung_Chau_Bun_Festival" title="Cheung Chau Bun Festival">Cheung Chau Bun Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_cuisine" title="Hong Kong cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Hong_Kong" title="Gambling in Hong Kong">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti_in_Hong_Kong" title="Graffiti in Hong Kong">Graffiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_conservation_in_Hong_Kong" title="Heritage conservation in Hong Kong">Heritage conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauhinia_%C3%97_blakeana" title="Bauhinia × blakeana">Hong Kong orchid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Hong_Kong" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Hong Kong">Honours system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_nationalism" title="Hong Kong nationalism">Hong Kong nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Hong_Kong" title="Languages of Hong Kong">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Hong Kong">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Rock_Spirit" title="Lion Rock Spirit">Lion Rock Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_literature" title="Hong Kong literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDull" title="McDull">McDull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Hong_Kong" title="Media of Hong Kong">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of museums in Hong Kong">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hong_Kong" title="Music of Hong Kong">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngai_jong" title="Ngai jong">Ngai jong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Demographics of Hong Kong">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Hong_Kong" title="Women in Hong Kong">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Hong_Kong" title="Youth in Hong Kong">Youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong" title="Public holidays in Hong Kong">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hong_Kong" title="Religion in Hong Kong">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_in_Hong_Kong" title="Shopping in Hong Kong">Shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Hong_Kong" title="Sport in Hong Kong">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Hong_Kong" title="Television in Hong Kong">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_Hong_Kong" title="Visual art of Hong Kong">Visual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CJKV" class="mw-redirect" title="CJKV">CJKV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinosphere" title="Sinosphere">Sinosphere</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Land_reclamation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_topic" title="Template:World topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_topic" 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