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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elastosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elastosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Elastosis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elastosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Composition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Composition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Composition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tissue_distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tissue_distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Tissue distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tissue_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Clinical research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clinical_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biosynthesis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biosynthesis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Biosynthesis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biosynthesis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Biosynthesis subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biosynthesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tropoelastin_precursors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tropoelastin_precursors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Tropoelastin precursors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tropoelastin_precursors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aggregation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aggregation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Aggregation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aggregation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crosslinking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crosslinking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Crosslinking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crosslinking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Molecular_biology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Molecular_biology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Molecular biology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Molecular_biology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="إيلاستين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيلاستين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastin" title="Elastin – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Elastin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastina" title="Elastina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Elastina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastin" title="Elastin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elastin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastin" title="Elastin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elastin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastina" title="Elastina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elastina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastino" title="Elastino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elastino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="الاستین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الاستین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lastine" title="Élastine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élastine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastina" title="Elastina – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Elastina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%84%EB%A0%A5%EC%86%8C" title="탄력소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탄력소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastin" title="Elastin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Elastin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastina" title="Elastina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elastina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9F" title="אלסטין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלסטין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Эластин – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эластин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastin" title="Elastin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Elastin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastine" title="Elastine – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elastine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%81%E3%83%B3" title="エラスチン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エラスチン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastyna" title="Elastyna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Elastyna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastina" title="Elastina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Elastina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastin%C4%83" title="Elastină – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Elastină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Эластин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эластин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastin" title="Elastin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Elastin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Еластин – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Еластин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastin" title="Elastin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Elastin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastin" title="Elastin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elastin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastin" title="Elastin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elastin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Еластин – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Еластин" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastin" title="Elastin – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Elastin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B9%E6%80%A7%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" title="弹性蛋白 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弹性蛋白" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q409747#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Protein allowing tissue in the body to resume shape after stretching</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">ELN</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></span></th><td colspan="3" style="background:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/3327">ELN</a></span>, SVAS, WBS, WS, elastin, ADCL1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/130160">130160</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:95317">95317</a>; <a href="/wiki/GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=ELN">ELN</a>; <a href="/wiki/Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000049540">ELN - orthologs</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_human_chromosome_7.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 7 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 7 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ideogram_human_chromosome_7.svg/300px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ideogram_human_chromosome_7.svg/450px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ideogram_human_chromosome_7.svg/600px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="189" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_7_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 7 (human)">Chromosome 7 (human)</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_chromosome_7_ideogram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 7 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 7 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Human_chromosome_7_ideogram.svg/300px-Human_chromosome_7_ideogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Human_chromosome_7_ideogram.svg/450px-Human_chromosome_7_ideogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Human_chromosome_7_ideogram.svg/600px-Human_chromosome_7_ideogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 131.28512738978px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for ELN"><img alt="Genomic location for ELN" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 137.3px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for ELN"><img alt="Genomic location for ELN" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">7q11.23</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">74,027,789 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">74,069,907 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 5 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 5 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg/260px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg/390px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg/520px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">Chromosome 5 (mouse)<sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 5 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 5 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg/300px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg/450px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg/600px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="231" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 255.64424161582px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for ELN"><img alt="Genomic location for ELN" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 261.6px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for ELN"><img alt="Genomic location for ELN" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">5 G2|5 74.76 cM</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">134,731,447 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">134,776,177 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><b><a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></b></th><th><b><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</b></th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000049540">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">Descending thoracic aorta</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">ascending aorta</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">right coronary artery</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">right lung</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">popliteal artery</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">tibial arteries</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">gastric mucosa</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">left coronary artery</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">right auricle</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">upper lobe of left lung</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000029675">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">ascending aorta</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">aortic valve</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">left lung lobe</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">external carotid artery</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">tunica media of zone of aorta</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">internal carotid artery</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">optic nerve</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">umbilical cord</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">lactiferous gland</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">atrioventricular valve</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000049540">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee">n/a</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005201">extracellular matrix structural constituent</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005515">protein binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030023">extracellular matrix constituent conferring elasticity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050840">extracellular matrix binding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005576">extracellular region</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071953">elastic fiber</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031012">extracellular matrix</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0062023">collagen-containing extracellular matrix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009887">animal organ morphogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008283">cell population proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0022617">extracellular matrix disassembly</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030198">extracellular matrix organization</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008015">blood circulation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007585">respiratory gaseous exchange by respiratory system</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0003151">outflow tract morphogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0003180">aortic valve morphogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007519">skeletal muscle tissue development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030833">regulation of actin filament polymerization</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043149">stress fiber assembly</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0048660">regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Species</th><td><b>Human</b></td><td><b>Mouse</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=2006&rn=1">2006</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=13717&rn=1">13717</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000049540;db=core">ENSG00000049540</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000029675;db=core">ENSMUSG00000029675</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P15502">P15502</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P54320">P54320</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_000501">NM_000501</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001081752">NM_001081752</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001081753">NM_001081753</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001081754">NM_001081754</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001081755">NM_001081755</a><br /></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001278912">NM_001278912</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001278913">NM_001278913</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001278914">NM_001278914</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001278915">NM_001278915</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001278916">NM_001278916</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001278917">NM_001278917</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001278918">NM_001278918</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001278939">NM_001278939</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_007925">NM_007925</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_000492">NP_000492</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001075221">NP_001075221</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001075222">NP_001075222</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001075223">NP_001075223</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001075224">NP_001075224</a><br /></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001265841">NP_001265841</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001265842">NP_001265842</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001265843">NP_001265843</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001265844">NP_001265844</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001265845">NP_001265845</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001265846">NP_001265846</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001265847">NP_001265847</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001265868">NP_001265868</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_031951">NP_031951</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Location (UCSC)</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&db=hg38&position=chr7:74027789-74069907">Chr 7: 74.03 – 74.07 Mb</a></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Mouse&db=mm0&position=chr5:134731447-134776177">Chr 5: 134.73 – 134.78 Mb</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14864092" class="extiw" title="d:Q14864092">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14864093" class="extiw" title="d:Q14864093">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:STD_190219_SWITCH_Tissue_2_93x_CMLE_20SNR_50IT_Elastin.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/STD_190219_SWITCH_Tissue_2_93x_CMLE_20SNR_50IT_Elastin.png/200px-STD_190219_SWITCH_Tissue_2_93x_CMLE_20SNR_50IT_Elastin.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/STD_190219_SWITCH_Tissue_2_93x_CMLE_20SNR_50IT_Elastin.png/300px-STD_190219_SWITCH_Tissue_2_93x_CMLE_20SNR_50IT_Elastin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/STD_190219_SWITCH_Tissue_2_93x_CMLE_20SNR_50IT_Elastin.png/400px-STD_190219_SWITCH_Tissue_2_93x_CMLE_20SNR_50IT_Elastin.png 2x" data-file-width="2456" data-file-height="2456" /></a><figcaption>Thick elastic fibers consisting of bundles of elastin in the human lung</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Elastin</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> encoded by the <i>ELN</i> <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a> in humans and several other animals. Elastin is a key component in the <a href="/wiki/Extracellular_matrix" title="Extracellular matrix">extracellular matrix</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gnathostomes" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnathostomes">gnathostomes</a> (jawed vertebrates).<sup id="cite_ref-Mithieux_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mithieux-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is highly <a href="/wiki/Elasticity_(physics)" title="Elasticity (physics)">elastic</a> and present in <a href="/wiki/Connective_tissue" title="Connective tissue">connective tissue</a> of the body to resume its shape after stretching or contracting.<sup id="cite_ref-:Vindin_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Vindin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elastin helps skin return to its original position whence poked or pinched. Elastin is also in important load-bearing tissue of vertebrates and used in places where storage of mechanical energy is required.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8096434_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8096434-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elastin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>ELN</i> gene encodes a protein that is one of the two components of <a href="/wiki/Elastic_fibers" class="mw-redirect" title="Elastic fibers">elastic fibers</a>. The encoded protein is rich in <a href="/wiki/Hydrophobic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrophobic">hydrophobic</a> amino acids such as <a href="/wiki/Glycine" title="Glycine">glycine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proline" title="Proline">proline</a>, which form mobile hydrophobic regions bounded by crosslinks between <a href="/wiki/Lysine" title="Lysine">lysine</a> residues. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.<sup id="cite_ref-entrez_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elastin's soluble precursor is tropoelastin.<sup id="cite_ref-Elastin_(ELN)_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elastin_(ELN)-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanism_of_elastic_recoil">Mechanism of elastic recoil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elastin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mechanism of elastic recoil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The characterization of disorder is consistent with an entropy-driven mechanism of elastic recoil. It is concluded that conformational disorder is a constitutive feature of elastin structure and function.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid20453927_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid20453927-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elastin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deletions and mutations in this gene are associated with <a href="/wiki/Aortic_valve_stenosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aortic valve stenosis">supravalvular aortic stenosis</a> (SVAS) and the autosomal dominant <a href="/wiki/Cutis_laxa" title="Cutis laxa">cutis laxa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-entrez_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other associated defects in elastin include <a href="/wiki/Marfan_syndrome" title="Marfan syndrome">Marfan syndrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emphysema" title="Emphysema">emphysema</a> caused by <a href="/wiki/Alpha_1-antitrypsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha 1-antitrypsin">α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin</a> deficiency, <a href="/wiki/Atherosclerosis" title="Atherosclerosis">atherosclerosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buschke%E2%80%93Ollendorff_syndrome" title="Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome">Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menkes_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Menkes syndrome">Menkes syndrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pseudoxanthoma_elasticum" title="Pseudoxanthoma elasticum">pseudoxanthoma elasticum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Williams_syndrome" title="Williams syndrome">Williams syndrome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vrhovski1998_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vrhovski1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elastosis">Elastosis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elastin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Elastosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Elastosis</i> is the buildup of elastin in tissues, and is a form of <a href="/wiki/Degenerative_disease" title="Degenerative disease">degenerative disease</a>. There are a multitude of causes, but the most commons cause is <a href="/wiki/Actinic_elastosis" title="Actinic elastosis">actinic elastosis</a> of the skin, also known as <i>solar elastosis</i>, which is caused by prolonged and excessive sun exposure, a process known as <a href="/wiki/Photoaging" title="Photoaging">photoaging</a>. Uncommon causes of skin elastosis include <a href="/wiki/Elastosis_perforans_serpiginosa" title="Elastosis perforans serpiginosa">elastosis perforans serpiginosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perforating_calcific_elastosis" title="Perforating calcific elastosis">perforating calcific elastosis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linear_focal_elastosis" title="Linear focal elastosis">linear focal elastosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dermnetnz_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dermnetnz-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Skin elastosis causes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Condition</th> <th>Distinctive features</th> <th>Histopathology </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Actinic_elastosis" title="Actinic elastosis">Actinic elastosis</a><br />(most common, also called solar elastosis) </th> <td>Elastin replacing collagen fibers of the <a href="/wiki/Papillary_dermis" class="mw-redirect" title="Papillary dermis">papillary dermis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reticular_dermis" class="mw-redirect" title="Reticular dermis">reticular dermis</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Micrograph_of_solar_elastosis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Micrograph_of_solar_elastosis.jpg/190px-Micrograph_of_solar_elastosis.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Micrograph_of_solar_elastosis.jpg/285px-Micrograph_of_solar_elastosis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Micrograph_of_solar_elastosis.jpg/380px-Micrograph_of_solar_elastosis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1509" data-file-height="1248" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elastosis_perforans_serpiginosa" title="Elastosis perforans serpiginosa">Elastosis perforans serpiginosa</a> </th> <td>Degenerated elastic fibers and transepidermal perforating canals (arrow in image points at one of them)<sup id="cite_ref-HosenLamoen2012_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HosenLamoen2012-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Histopathology_of_elastosis_perforans_serpiginosa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Histopathology_of_elastosis_perforans_serpiginosa.jpg/100px-Histopathology_of_elastosis_perforans_serpiginosa.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Histopathology_of_elastosis_perforans_serpiginosa.jpg/150px-Histopathology_of_elastosis_perforans_serpiginosa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Histopathology_of_elastosis_perforans_serpiginosa.jpg/200px-Histopathology_of_elastosis_perforans_serpiginosa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="665" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Perforating_calcific_elastosis" title="Perforating calcific elastosis">Perforating calcific elastosis</a> </th> <td>Clumping of short elastic fibers in the dermis.<sup id="cite_ref-HosenLamoen2012_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HosenLamoen2012-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Histopathology_of_perforating_calcific_elastosis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Histopathology_of_perforating_calcific_elastosis.jpg/190px-Histopathology_of_perforating_calcific_elastosis.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Histopathology_of_perforating_calcific_elastosis.jpg/285px-Histopathology_of_perforating_calcific_elastosis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Histopathology_of_perforating_calcific_elastosis.jpg/380px-Histopathology_of_perforating_calcific_elastosis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="777" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Linear_focal_elastosis" title="Linear focal elastosis">Linear focal elastosis</a> </th> <td>Accumulation of fragmented elastotic material within the papillary dermis and transcutaneous elimination of elastotic fibers.<sup id="cite_ref-HosenLamoen2012_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HosenLamoen2012-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Histopathology_of_linear_focal_elastosis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Histopathology_of_linear_focal_elastosis.jpg/190px-Histopathology_of_linear_focal_elastosis.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Histopathology_of_linear_focal_elastosis.jpg/285px-Histopathology_of_linear_focal_elastosis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Histopathology_of_linear_focal_elastosis.jpg/380px-Histopathology_of_linear_focal_elastosis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="752" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elastin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elastin_bovine.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Elastin_bovine.png/220px-Elastin_bovine.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Elastin_bovine.png/330px-Elastin_bovine.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Elastin_bovine.png/440px-Elastin_bovine.png 2x" data-file-width="1154" data-file-height="830" /></a><figcaption>Stretched elastin isolated from bovine aorta</figcaption></figure> <p>In the body, elastin is usually associated with other proteins in connective tissues. <a href="/wiki/Elastic_fiber" title="Elastic fiber">Elastic fiber</a> in the body is a mixture of amorphous elastin and fibrous <a href="/wiki/Fibrillin" title="Fibrillin">fibrillin</a>. Both components are primarily made of smaller <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acids</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Glycine" title="Glycine">glycine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valine" title="Valine">valine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alanine" title="Alanine">alanine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Proline" title="Proline">proline</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vrhovski1998_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vrhovski1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid12082143_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12082143-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total elastin ranges from 58 to 75% of the weight of the dry defatted artery in normal canine arteries.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid5914851_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid5914851-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Comparison between fresh and digested tissues shows that, at 35% strain, a minimum of 48% of the arterial load is carried by elastin, and a minimum of 43% of the change in stiffness of arterial tissue is due to the change in elastin stiffness.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18660454_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18660454-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tissue_distribution">Tissue distribution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elastin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tissue distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elastin serves an important function in <a href="/wiki/Arteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Arteries">arteries</a> as a medium for pressure wave propagation to help <a href="/wiki/Blood_flow" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood flow">blood flow</a> and is particularly abundant in large elastic blood vessels such as the <a href="/wiki/Aorta" title="Aorta">aorta</a>. Elastin is also very important in the <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lungs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ligament" title="Ligament">elastic ligaments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elastic_cartilage" title="Elastic cartilage">elastic cartilage</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Skin" title="Skin">skin</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Urinary_bladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary bladder">bladder</a>. It is present in <a href="/wiki/Jawed_vertebrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawed vertebrates">jawed vertebrates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8686432_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8686432-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elastin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elastin is a very long-lived protein, with a half-life of over 78 years in humans.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_research">Clinical research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elastin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Clinical research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The feasibility of using recombinant human tropoelastin to enable elastin fiber production to improve skin flexibility in wounds and scarring has been studied.<sup id="cite_ref-TropoNoFlexibilityInScarring_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TropoNoFlexibilityInScarring-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-elastogenInNewWoundResearch_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elastogenInNewWoundResearch-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After subcutaneous injections of recombinant human tropoelastin into fresh wounds it was found there was no improvement in scarring or the flexibility of the eventual scarring.<sup id="cite_ref-TropoNoFlexibilityInScarring_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TropoNoFlexibilityInScarring-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-elastogenInNewWoundResearch_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elastogenInNewWoundResearch-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biosynthesis">Biosynthesis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elastin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Biosynthesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tropoelastin_precursors">Tropoelastin precursors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elastin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tropoelastin precursors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elastin is made by linking together many small <a href="/wiki/Soluble" class="mw-redirect" title="Soluble">soluble</a> precursor <a href="/wiki/Tropoelastin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropoelastin">tropoelastin</a> protein molecules (50-70 <a href="/wiki/Atomic_mass_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic mass unit">kDa</a>), to make the final massive, insoluble, durable complex. The unlinked tropoelastin molecules are not normally available in the cell, since they become crosslinked into elastin fibres immediately after their synthesis by the cell and export into the <a href="/wiki/Extracellular_matrix" title="Extracellular matrix">extracellular matrix</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each tropoelastin consists of a string of 36 small <a href="/wiki/Protein_domain" title="Protein domain">domains</a>, each weighing about 2 kDa in a <a href="/wiki/Random_coil" title="Random coil">random coil conformation</a>. The protein consists of alternating <a href="/wiki/Hydrophobic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrophobic">hydrophobic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydrophilic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrophilic">hydrophilic</a> domains, which are encoded by separate <a href="/wiki/Exon" title="Exon">exons</a>, so that the domain structure of tropoelastin reflects the exon organization of the gene. The hydrophilic domains contain Lys-Ala (KA) and Lys-Pro (KP) motifs that are involved in crosslinking during the formation of mature elastin. In the KA domains, lysine residues occur as pairs or triplets separated by two or three alanine residues (e.g. AAAKAAKAA) whereas in KP domains the lysine residues are separated mainly by proline residues (e.g. KPLKP). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aggregation">Aggregation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elastin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Aggregation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tropoelastin aggregates at physiological temperature due to interactions between hydrophobic domains in a process called <a href="/wiki/Coacervation" class="mw-redirect" title="Coacervation">coacervation</a>. This process is <a href="/wiki/Reversible_reaction" title="Reversible reaction">reversible</a> and thermodynamically controlled and does not require <a href="/wiki/Proteolysis" title="Proteolysis">protein cleavage</a>. The coacervate is made insoluble by <a href="/wiki/Reversible_reaction" title="Reversible reaction">irreversible</a> crosslinking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crosslinking">Crosslinking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elastin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Crosslinking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To make mature elastin fibres, the tropoelastin molecules are cross-linked via their <a href="/wiki/Lysine" title="Lysine">lysine</a> residues with <a href="/wiki/Desmosine" title="Desmosine">desmosine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isodesmosine" title="Isodesmosine">isodesmosine</a> cross-linking molecules. The enzyme that performs the crosslinking is <a href="/wiki/Lysyl_oxidase" title="Lysyl oxidase">lysyl oxidase</a>, using an <i>in vivo</i> <a href="/wiki/Chichibabin_pyridine_synthesis" title="Chichibabin pyridine synthesis">Chichibabin pyridine synthesis</a> reaction.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Molecular_biology">Molecular biology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elastin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Molecular biology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Domain_structure_human_tropoelastin_(EN).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Domain_structure_human_tropoelastin_%28EN%29.png/350px-Domain_structure_human_tropoelastin_%28EN%29.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Domain_structure_human_tropoelastin_%28EN%29.png/525px-Domain_structure_human_tropoelastin_%28EN%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Domain_structure_human_tropoelastin_%28EN%29.png/700px-Domain_structure_human_tropoelastin_%28EN%29.png 2x" data-file-width="5643" data-file-height="1656" /></a><figcaption>Domain structure of human tropoelastin</figcaption></figure> <p>In mammals, the <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a> only contains one gene for tropoelastin, called <i>ELN</i>. The human <i>ELN</i> gene is a 45 kb segment on <a href="/wiki/Chromosome_7" title="Chromosome 7">chromosome 7</a>, and has 34 exons interrupted by almost 700 introns, with the first exon being a <a href="/wiki/Signal_peptide" title="Signal peptide">signal peptide</a> assigning its extracellular localization. The large number of introns suggests that <a href="/wiki/Genetic_recombination" title="Genetic recombination">genetic recombination</a> may contribute to the instability of the gene, leading to diseases such as <a href="/wiki/Supravalvular_aortic_stenosis" title="Supravalvular aortic stenosis">SVAS</a>. The expression of tropoelastin mRNA is highly regulated under at least eight different <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(genetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcription (genetics)">transcription start sites</a>. </p><p>Tissue specific variants of elastin are produced by <a href="/wiki/Alternative_splicing" title="Alternative splicing">alternative splicing</a> of the tropoelastin gene. There are at least 11 known human tropoelastin isoforms. These isoforms are under developmental regulation, however there are minimal differences among tissues at the same developmental stage.<sup id="cite_ref-vrhovski1998_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vrhovski1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elastin&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cutis_laxa" title="Cutis laxa">Cutis laxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elastic_fibers" class="mw-redirect" title="Elastic fibers">Elastic fibers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elastin_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Elastin receptor">Elastin receptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resilin" title="Resilin">Resilin</a>: an invertebrate protein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_syndrome" title="Williams syndrome">Williams syndrome</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elastin&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000049540">GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000049540</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSMUSG00000029675">GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029675</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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Series B, Biological Sciences</i>. <b>357</b> (1418): 185–189. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstb.2001.1027">10.1098/rstb.2001.1027</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1692930">1692930</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11911775">11911775</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London.+Series+B%2C+Biological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Elastin+as+a+self-organizing+biomaterial%3A+use+of+recombinantly+expressed+human+elastin+polypeptides+as+a+model+for+investigations+of+structure+and+self-assembly+of+elastin&rft.volume=357&rft.issue=1418&rft.pages=185-189&rft.date=2002-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1692930%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11911775&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstb.2001.1027&rft.aulast=Keeley&rft.aufirst=FW&rft.au=Bellingham%2C+CM&rft.au=Woodhouse%2C+KA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1692930&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElastin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoudhuryMcGovernRidleyCain2009" class="citation journal cs1">Choudhury R, McGovern A, Ridley C, Cain SA, Baldwin A, Wang MC, et al. 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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elastin&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=Elastin">Elastin</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bu.edu/phpbin/medlib/histology/p/21402loa.htm">Histology image: 21402loa</a> – Histology Learning System at Boston University</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=gene&part=williams">GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Williams or Williams-Beuren Syndrome</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://macromoleculeinsights.com/elastin.php">The Elastin Protein</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jcs.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/115/14/2817/FIG2">Microfibril </a></li></ul> <p><i>This article incorporates text from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine" title="United States National Library of Medicine">United States National Library of Medicine</a>, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</i> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Fibrous_proteins" title="Template:Fibrous proteins"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fibrous_proteins" title="Template talk:Fibrous proteins"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fibrous_proteins" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fibrous proteins"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protein:_scleroproteins" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">Protein</a>: <a href="/wiki/Scleroprotein" class="mw-redirect" title="Scleroprotein">scleroproteins</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Extracellular_matrix" title="Extracellular matrix">Extracellular <br />matrix</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Collagen" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Collagen" title="Collagen">Collagen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">Fibril forming</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Type_I_collagen" title="Type I collagen">type I</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_I,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type I, alpha 1">COL1A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COL1A2" class="mw-redirect" title="COL1A2">COL1A2</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Type_II_collagen" title="Type II collagen">type II</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_II,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type II, alpha 1">COL2A1</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_III,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type III, alpha 1">type III</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Type_V_collagen" title="Type V collagen">type V</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_V,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type V, alpha 1">COL5A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COL5A2" class="mw-redirect" title="COL5A2">COL5A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COL5A3" class="mw-redirect" title="COL5A3">COL5A3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COL24A1" title="COL24A1">COL24A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMID2" title="EMID2">COL26A1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FACIT_collagen" title="FACIT collagen">FACIT</a>: <i>type IX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_IX,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type IX, alpha 1">COL9A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COL9A2" class="mw-redirect" title="COL9A2">COL9A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COL9A3" class="mw-redirect" title="COL9A3">COL9A3</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>type XII</i> (<a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_XII,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type XII, alpha 1">COL12A1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_XIV,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type XIV, alpha 1">COL14A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_XVI,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type XVI, alpha 1">COL16A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_XIX,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type XIX, alpha 1">COL19A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COL20A1" class="mw-redirect" title="COL20A1">COL20A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COL21A1" class="mw-redirect" title="COL21A1">COL21A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COL22A1" class="mw-redirect" title="COL22A1">COL22A1</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basement_membrane" title="Basement membrane">basement membrane</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Type-IV_collagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Type-IV collagen">type IV</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_IV,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type IV, alpha 1">COL4A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COL4A2" class="mw-redirect" title="COL4A2">COL4A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collagen_alpha-3(IV)_chain" class="mw-redirect" title="Collagen alpha-3(IV) chain">COL4A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COL4A4" class="mw-redirect" title="COL4A4">COL4A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COL4A5" class="mw-redirect" title="COL4A5">COL4A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COL4A6" class="mw-redirect" title="COL4A6">COL4A6</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiplexin" title="Multiplexin">multiplexin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_XV,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type XV, alpha 1">COL15A1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Type_XVIII_collagen" title="Type XVIII collagen">type XVIII</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_XVIII,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type XVIII, alpha 1">COL18A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endostatin" title="Endostatin">Endostatin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>transmembrane: <a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_XIII,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type XIII, alpha 1">COL13A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_XVII,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type XVII, alpha 1">COL17A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_XXIII,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type XXIII, alpha 1">COL23A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_XXV,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type XXV, alpha 1">COL25A1</a></li></ul> <ul><li>other: <i><a href="/wiki/Collagen_VI" title="Collagen VI">type VI</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_VI,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type VI, alpha 1">COL6A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COL6A2" class="mw-redirect" title="COL6A2">COL6A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COL6A3" class="mw-redirect" title="COL6A3">COL6A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COL6A5" class="mw-redirect" title="COL6A5">COL6A5</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>type VII</i> (<a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_VII,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type VII, alpha 1">COL7A1</a>)</li> <li><i>type VIII</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_VIII,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type VIII, alpha 1">COL8A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COL8A2" class="mw-redirect" title="COL8A2">COL8A2</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>type X</i> (<a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_X,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type X, alpha 1">COL10A1</a>)</li> <li><i>type XI</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_XI,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type XI, alpha 1">COL11A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COL11A2" class="mw-redirect" title="COL11A2">COL11A2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collagen,_type_XXVII,_alpha_1" title="Collagen, type XXVII, alpha 1">COL27A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COL28A1" class="mw-redirect" title="COL28A1">COL28A1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Collagen#Synthesis" title="Collagen">Enzymes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prolyl_hydroxylase" class="mw-redirect" title="Prolyl hydroxylase">Prolyl hydroxylase</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lysyl_hydroxylase" title="Lysyl hydroxylase">Lysyl hydroxylase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartilage_associated_protein" title="Cartilage associated protein">Cartilage associated protein</a>/<a href="/wiki/Leprecan" title="Leprecan">Leprecan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAMTS2" title="ADAMTS2">ADAMTS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procollagen_peptidase" title="Procollagen peptidase">Procollagen peptidase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysyl_oxidase" title="Lysyl oxidase">Lysyl oxidase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Laminin" title="Laminin">Laminin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>alpha</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laminin,_alpha_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Laminin, alpha 1">LAMA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laminin,_alpha_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Laminin, alpha 2">LAMA2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laminin,_alpha_3" title="Laminin, alpha 3">LAMA3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laminin,_alpha_4" title="Laminin, alpha 4">LAMA4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laminin,_alpha_5" title="Laminin, alpha 5">LAMA5</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>beta</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laminin,_beta_1" title="Laminin, beta 1">LAMB1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laminin,_beta_2" title="Laminin, beta 2">LAMB2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laminin,_beta_3" title="Laminin, beta 3">LAMB3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAMB4" class="mw-redirect" title="LAMB4">LAMB4</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>gamma</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laminin,_gamma_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Laminin, gamma 1">LAMC1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laminin,_gamma_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Laminin, gamma 2">LAMC2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAMC3" class="mw-redirect" title="LAMC3">LAMC3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALCAM" title="ALCAM">ALCAM</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elastin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropoelastin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropoelastin">Tropoelastin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitronectin" title="Vitronectin">Vitronectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FRAS1" title="FRAS1">FRAS1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FREM2" title="FREM2">FREM2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decorin" title="Decorin">Decorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAM20C" title="FAM20C">FAM20C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECM1" class="mw-redirect" title="ECM1">ECM1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrix_gla_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrix gla protein">Matrix gla protein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tectorin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tectorin (page does not exist)">Tectorin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TECTA" title="TECTA">TECTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TECTB" title="TECTB">TECTB</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keratin" title="Keratin">Keratin</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cytokeratin" title="Cytokeratin">Cytokeratin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelatin" title="Gelatin">Gelatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticular_fiber" title="Reticular fiber">Reticulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartilage_oligomeric_matrix_protein" title="Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein">Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Scleroprotein_disease" title="Template:Scleroprotein disease">diseases</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409747#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Elastin"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85041518">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Élastine"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11946028h">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Élastine"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11946028h">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00562030">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007533396405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elastin&oldid=1257540437">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elastin&oldid=1257540437</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Genes_on_human_chromosome_7" title="Category:Genes on human chromosome 7">Genes on human chromosome 7</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aging-related_proteins" title="Category:Aging-related 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