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Europees commissaris - Wikipedia
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Beschikbaar in 17 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europese_Kommissaris" title="Europese Kommissaris – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Europese Kommissaris" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B6_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="مفوض أوروبي – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مفوض أوروبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comissari_Europeu" title="Comissari Europeu – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Comissari Europeu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU-Kommissar" title="EU-Kommissar – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="EU-Kommissar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_commissioner" title="European commissioner – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="European commissioner" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%ADropa_Komisionano" title="Eŭropa Komisionano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Eŭropa Komisionano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comisario_europeo" title="Comisario europeo – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Comisario europeo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komissaari_(Euroopan_komissio)" title="Komissaari (Euroopan komissio) – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Komissaari (Euroopan komissio)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commissaire_europ%C3%A9en" title="Commissaire européen – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Commissaire européen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coimisin%C3%A9ir_Eorpach" title="Coimisinéir Eorpach – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Coimisinéir Eorpach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commissario_europeo" title="Commissario europeo – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Commissario europeo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europos_komisaras" title="Europos komisaras – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Europos komisaras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ES_komis%C4%81rs" title="ES komisārs – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="ES 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href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Європейський комісар – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Європейський комісар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E7%9B%9F%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83%E5%B0%88%E5%93%A1" title="歐盟委員會專員 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="歐盟委員會專員" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2661677#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen 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lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Donald_Tusk_%26_Ursula_von_der_Leyen_-_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Donald_Tusk_%26_Ursula_von_der_Leyen_-_2023.jpg/260px-Donald_Tusk_%26_Ursula_von_der_Leyen_-_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Donald_Tusk_%26_Ursula_von_der_Leyen_-_2023.jpg/390px-Donald_Tusk_%26_Ursula_von_der_Leyen_-_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Donald_Tusk_%26_Ursula_von_der_Leyen_-_2023.jpg/520px-Donald_Tusk_%26_Ursula_von_der_Leyen_-_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3712" /></a><figcaption>Voorzittend Europees Commissaris Ursula von der Leyen met oud commissaris <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a>, 2023</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Sicco_Mansholt,_Bestanddeelnr_927-0125.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Sicco_Mansholt%2C_Bestanddeelnr_927-0125.jpg/260px-Sicco_Mansholt%2C_Bestanddeelnr_927-0125.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Sicco_Mansholt%2C_Bestanddeelnr_927-0125.jpg/390px-Sicco_Mansholt%2C_Bestanddeelnr_927-0125.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Sicco_Mansholt%2C_Bestanddeelnr_927-0125.jpg/520px-Sicco_Mansholt%2C_Bestanddeelnr_927-0125.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2524" data-file-height="2573" /></a><figcaption>Sicco Mansholt, 15 jaar Europees Commissaris (1958-1973), 9 maanden voorzitter (1972-1973)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Neelie_Kroes_(7165215858).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Neelie_Kroes_%287165215858%29.jpg/260px-Neelie_Kroes_%287165215858%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Neelie_Kroes_%287165215858%29.jpg/390px-Neelie_Kroes_%287165215858%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Neelie_Kroes_%287165215858%29.jpg/520px-Neelie_Kroes_%287165215858%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption>Nederlands politica <a href="/wiki/Neelie_Kroes" title="Neelie Kroes">Neelie Kroes</a> was tien jaar Europees Commissaris en vijf jaar vicevoorzitter van de Commissie. Voorganger was <a href="/wiki/Frits_Bolkestein" title="Frits Bolkestein">Frits Bolkestein</a>, navolger in 2014 was <a href="/wiki/Frans_Timmermans_(politicus)" title="Frans Timmermans (politicus)">Frans Timmermans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Een <b>Europees commissaris</b> of <b>Eurocommissaris</b> is een lid van de <a href="/wiki/Europese_Commissie" title="Europese Commissie">Europese Commissie</a>, een belangrijk uitvoerend orgaan binnen de <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a>. De Commissie telt 27 leden, een van hen is voorzitter van de Commissie en naamgever van de betreffende Commissie. De commissieleden worden gekozen door het <a href="/wiki/Europees_Parlement" title="Europees Parlement">Europees Parlement</a>, ze kunnen ook door dit parlement worden ontslagen.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De normale zittingsduur is vijf jaar.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elke Europees commissaris heeft een eigen portefeuille en elke <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_lidstaten_van_de_Europese_Unie" title="Lijst van lidstaten van de Europese Unie">lidstaat</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a> is in de Europese Commissie vertegenwoordigd. Voorzitter van de Commissie is <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a>, de Nederlandse eurocommissaris is <a href="/wiki/Wopke_Hoekstra" title="Wopke Hoekstra">Wopke Hoekstra</a>, sinds het voortijdig vertrek van <a href="/wiki/Frans_Timmermans_(politicus)" title="Frans Timmermans (politicus)">Frans Timmermans</a>. De Belgische eurocommissaris is <a href="/wiki/Didier_Reynders" title="Didier Reynders">Didier Reynders</a>. </p><p>Langstzittend Nederlands Commissaris was <a href="/wiki/Sicco_Mansholt" title="Sicco Mansholt">Sicco Mansholt</a>, die in de aanvangsjaren van de <a href="/wiki/Europese_Gemeenschap" title="Europese Gemeenschap">Europese Economische Gemeenschap</a> het gemeenschappelijk <a href="/wiki/Landbouw" title="Landbouw">landbouw</a>beleid van de toendertijd zes lidstaten vormgaf, hij was van beroep boer geweest. Hij kwam in de eerste Europese Commissie en was ook negen maanden voorzitter.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Onder zijn bestuurskracht groeide landbouw uit tot een van de belangrijkste beleidsterreinen van de EEG, een van de organisaties die in 1992 zijn opgegaan in de <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a>. Daarmee zette hij deze toen nieuwe internationale organisatie op de internationale kaart.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Een andere Nederlandse Commissaris, <a href="/wiki/Frits_Bolkestein" title="Frits Bolkestein">Frits Bolkestein</a>, droeg er van 1999 tot 2004 toe bij dat de interne grenzen werden geopend, de betreffende <a href="/wiki/Dienstenrichtlijn" title="Dienstenrichtlijn">Dienstenrichtlijn</a> kwam internationaal bekend te staan als Bolkesteinrichtlijn. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beleidsterreinen">Beleidsterreinen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europees_commissaris&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Beleidsterreinen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europees_commissaris&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Beleidsterreinen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Belangrijkste beleidsterreinen van de Europese Commissie voor de periode 2019-2024 zijn:<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Overschakelen op een moderne, hulpbronnenefficiënte economie: de <a href="/wiki/Europese_Green_Deal" title="Europese Green Deal">Europese Green Deal</a></li> <li>Burgers toegang geven tot de nieuwste digitale technologie: de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digitale_Agenda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digitale Agenda (de pagina bestaat niet)">Digitale Agenda</a></li> <li>Een economie die werkt voor de mensen</li> <li>Een sterker Europa in de wereld</li> <li>Bevordering van de Europese levenswijze</li> <li>Meer inspraak voor de burgers en bescherming tegen inmenging van buitenaf, zoals desinformatie en online-haatpropaganda.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regels">Regels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europees_commissaris&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Regels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europees_commissaris&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Regels"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Regels voor de bevoegdheden, rechten en verplichtingen van de Europese Commssie en haar leden zijn neergelegd in verschillende <a href="/wiki/Verdrag" title="Verdrag">verdragen</a> die zijn gesloten door de landen die samenwerken in de Europese Unie en de voorgaande organisaties. De Europese Unie is gebaseerd op het principe van de rechtsstaat en alle maatregelen die een Europees commissaris treft, zijn gebaseerd op verdragen die door alle EU-landen op democratische wijze zijn goedgekeurd.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Belangrijke verdragen zijn het <a href="/wiki/Verdrag_van_Maastricht_(1992)" title="Verdrag van Maastricht (1992)">Verdrag van Maastricht</a> (1992) en het <a href="/wiki/Verdrag_van_Amsterdam" title="Verdrag van Amsterdam">Verdrag van Amsterdam</a> (1998). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europees_commissaris&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europees_commissaris&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissie-Von_der_Leyen_I" title="Commissie-Von der Leyen I">Commissie-Von der Leyen</a> voor de samenstelling van de Europese Commissie 2019-2024</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europese_Commissie#Geschiedenis" title="Europese Commissie">Lijst van Europese Commissies sedert 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_Belgische_Eurocommissarissen" title="Lijst van Belgische Eurocommissarissen">Lijst van Belgische Eurocommissarissen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_Nederlandse_Eurocommissarissen" title="Lijst van Nederlandse Eurocommissarissen">Lijst van Nederlandse Eurocommissarissen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europese_Commissie" title="Europese Commissie">Europese Commissie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Links_naar_externe_bronnen">Links naar externe bronnen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europees_commissaris&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Links naar externe bronnen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europees_commissaris&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Links naar externe bronnen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/index_nl.htm">Website van de Europese Unie</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commission.europa.eu/index_nl">Officiële website van de Europese Commissie</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commissioners.ec.europa.eu/index_nl">Officiële website over de Europese Commissarissen</a> (2019-2024)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenties">Referenties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europees_commissaris&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Referenties" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europees_commissaris&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Referenties"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlement.com/id/vl70og3n5dwe/neelie_kroes_als_eurocommissaris_2004">Neelie Kroes als Eurocommissaris (2004-2014)</a>. <i>www.parlement.com</i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-01-09">9 januari 2024</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/video/v_N01_AFPS_231121_HIW10">Who selects the members of the European Commission?</a>. <i>Multimedia Centre</i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-01-09">9 januari 2024</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commissioners.ec.europa.eu/index_nl">De commissarissen - Europese Commissie</a>. <i>commissioners.ec.europa.eu</i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-01-09">9 januari 2024</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFwiersma2015"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">wiersma, jelte</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ewmagazine.nl/nederland/article/2015/10/1972-sicco-mansholt-baas-europese-commissie-2700641W/">Nederlander van het Jaar 1972 - Sicco Mansholt: Baas Europese Commissie</a>. <i>EWmagazine.nl</i> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2015-10-12">12 oktober 2015</span>). Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-01-12">12 januari 2024</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/history-eu/eu-pioneers/sicco-mansholt_nl">Sicco Mansholt – EU pionier | Europese Unie</a>. <i>european-union.europa.eu</i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-01-12">12 januari 2024</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024_nl">Prioriteiten 2019-2024 - Europese Commissie</a>. <i>commission.europa.eu</i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-01-09">9 januari 2024</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-making-process/types-eu-law_nl">Soorten EU-wetgeving - Europese Commissie</a>. <i>commission.europa.eu</i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-01-09">9 januari 2024</span>. </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐565d46677b‐92h26 Cached time: 20241128125426 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.072 seconds Real time usage: 0.097 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2000/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5755/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3220/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5246/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.007/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 952155/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 61.918 1 -total 100.00% 61.918 1 Sjabloon:References 67.56% 41.829 7 Sjabloon:Citeer_web 11.26% 6.969 1 Sjabloon:Taal-en 9.04% 5.599 1 Sjabloon:Taalaanduiding 5.06% 3.131 1 Sjabloon:Aut 4.80% 2.974 1 Sjabloon:Sfnref --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key nlwiki:pcache:108908:|#|:idhash:dateformat=default and timestamp 20241128125426 and revision id 68412850. 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