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class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Aircraft use </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aircraft_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Second World War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Variants </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Variants subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Canada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Czechoslovakia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Czechoslovakia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Czechoslovakia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Czechoslovakia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Netherlands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 United Kingdom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Experimental_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Experimental_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Experimental projects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Experimental_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_on_later_designs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_on_later_designs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Influence on later designs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_on_later_designs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Users" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Users"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Users </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Users-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 General references </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" > 37 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="سلاح لويس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلاح لويس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_(y%C3%BCng%C3%BCl_pulemyot)" title="Lewis (yüngül pulemyot) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lewis (yüngül pulemyot)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_(pu%C5%A1komitraljez)" title="Lewis (puškomitraljez) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Lewis (puškomitraljez)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_(fuzuilh-vindrailher)" title="Lewis (fuzuilh-vindrailher) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lewis (fuzuilh-vindrailher)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_(kulomet)" title="Lewis (kulomet) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lewis (kulomet)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_maskingev%C3%A6r" title="Lewis maskingevær – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lewis maskingevær" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis-Maschinengewehr" title="Lewis-Maschinengewehr – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lewis-Maschinengewehr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_(kuulipilduja)" title="Lewis (kuulipilduja) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lewis (kuulipilduja)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ametralladora_Lewis" title="Ametralladora Lewis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ametralladora Lewis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="مسلسل لوئیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مسلسل لوئیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Mark_I" title="Lewis Mark I – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lewis Mark I" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EA%B2%BD%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80%EC%B4%9D" title="루이스 경기관총 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루이스 경기관총" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Gun" title="Lewis Gun – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lewis Gun" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senapan_mesin_Lewis" title="Senapan mesin Lewis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Senapan mesin Lewis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_(mitragliatrice)" title="Lewis (mitragliatrice) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lewis (mitragliatrice)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%A2_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1" title="מקלע לואיס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מקלע לואיס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_(lo%C5%BEmet%C4%93js)" title="Lewis (ložmetējs) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lewis (ložmetējs)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Gun" title="Lewis Gun – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lewis Gun" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesingan_Lewis" title="Mesingan Lewis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mesingan Lewis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_M.20" title="Lewis M.20 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lewis M.20" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E8%BB%BD%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2%E9%8A%83" title="ルイス軽機関銃 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルイス軽機関銃" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewisgun" title="Lewisgun – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lewisgun" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewisgun" title="Lewisgun – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lewisgun" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabin_maszynowy_Lewis" title="Karabin maszynowy Lewis – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karabin maszynowy Lewis" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_(metralhadora)" title="Lewis (metralhadora) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lewis (metralhadora)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%C8%99c%C4%83_mitralier%C4%83_Lewis,_model_1912" title="Pușcă mitralieră Lewis, model 1912 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pușcă mitralieră Lewis, model 1912" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D1%82_%D0%9B%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Пулемёт Льюиса – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пулемёт Льюиса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_gun" title="Lewis gun – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lewis gun" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_(pu%C5%A1komitraljez)" title="Lewis (puškomitraljez) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lewis (puškomitraljez)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%B7)" title="Луис (митраљез) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Луис (митраљез)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis-pikakiv%C3%A4%C3%A4ri" title="Lewis-pikakivääri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lewis-pikakivääri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewiskulspruta" title="Lewiskulspruta – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lewiskulspruta" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="ปืนเลวิส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปืนเลวิส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_(hafif_makineli_silah)" title="Lewis (hafif makineli silah) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lewis (hafif makineli silah)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%9B%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%97%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Кулемет Льюїса – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кулемет Льюїса" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAng_m%C3%A1y_Lewis" title="Súng máy Lewis – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Súng máy Lewis" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%A3%AB%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8D" title="路易士機槍 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="路易士機槍" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q373396#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_gun" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Lewis_gun" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hproduct" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"> Lewis gun </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lewis_LMG.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Lewis_LMG.png/300px-Lewis_LMG.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Lewis_LMG.png/450px-Lewis_LMG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Lewis_LMG.png/600px-Lewis_LMG.png 2x" data-file-width="5552" data-file-height="1888" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Light_machine_gun" title="Light machine gun">Light machine gun</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United States (design) United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Service history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">In service</th><td class="infobox-data">1914–1953</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Used by</th><td class="infobox-data">See <a href="/wiki/Lewis_M1914#Users" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis M1914">Users</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pancho_Villa_Expedition" title="Pancho Villa Expedition">Pancho Villa Expedition</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_Wars" title="Banana Wars">Banana Wars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Finnish Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_War_of_Independence" title="Latvian War of Independence">Latvian War of Independence</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Emu_War" title="Emu War">Emu War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chaco_War" title="Chaco War">Chaco War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Civil_War" title="Nigerian Civil War">Nigerian Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Production history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Samuel McClean</li><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton_Lewis" title="Isaac Newton Lewis">Isaac Newton Lewis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company">Birmingham Small Arms Co. Ltd.</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Designed</th><td class="infobox-data">1911</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Birmingham Small Arms Co. Ltd.</li><li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Arms" title="Savage Arms">Savage Arms</a> Co.</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Unit cost</th><td class="infobox-data">£62 in 1918<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Produced</th><td class="infobox-data">1913–1942</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> built</th><td class="infobox-data">152,050 in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> 50,000 chambered in <a href="/wiki/.30-06" class="mw-redirect" title=".30-06">.30-06</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Variants</th><td class="infobox-data">See <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Variants">Variants</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">28 lb (13 kg)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">50.5 in (1,283 mm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel" title="Gun barrel">Barrel</a> length</th><td class="infobox-data">26.5 in (673 mm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">4.5 in (114 mm)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">Cartridge</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/.303_British" title=".303 British">.303 British</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/.30-06_Springfield" title=".30-06 Springfield">.30-06 Springfield</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/7.92%C3%9757mm_Mauser" title="7.92×57mm Mauser">7.92×57mm Mauser</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9754mmR" title="7.62×54mmR">7.62×54mmR</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Action_(firearms)" title="Action (firearms)">Action</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gas-operated_reloading" title="Gas-operated reloading">Gas-operated</a> long stroke gas piston, rotating <a href="/wiki/Open_bolt" title="Open bolt">open bolt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Rate_of_fire" title="Rate of fire">Rate of fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data">500–600 rounds/min</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_velocity" title="Muzzle velocity">Muzzle velocity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,440 ft/s (744 m/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Effective firing range</th><td class="infobox-data">880 yd (805 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Maximum firing range</th><td class="infobox-data">3,500 yd (3,200 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Feed system</th><td class="infobox-data">47- or 97-round <a href="/wiki/Pan_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan magazine">pan magazine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Sights</th><td class="infobox-data">Blade and tangent leaf</td></tr></tbody></table> The Lewis gun (or Lewis automatic machine gun or Lewis automatic rifle) is a <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War–era</a> <a href="/wiki/Light_machine_gun" title="Light machine gun">light machine gun</a>. Designed privately in the United States though not adopted there, the design was finalised and mass-produced in the United Kingdom,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEasterly199865-4">[4]</a> and widely used by troops of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> during the war. It had a distinctive barrel cooling shroud (containing a finned breech-to-muzzle aluminium <a href="/wiki/Heat_sink" title="Heat sink">heat sink</a> to cool the gun barrel), and top-mounted <a href="/wiki/Pan_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan magazine">pan magazine</a>. The Lewis served until the end of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, and was widely used as an aircraft machine gun during both World Wars, almost always with the cooling shroud removed, as air flow during flight offered sufficient cooling. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_gun&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> A predecessor to the Lewis gun incorporating the principles upon which it was based was designed by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Mannlicher" title="Ferdinand Mannlicher">Ferdinand Mannlicher</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The Lewis gun was invented by <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army">U.S. Army</a> colonel <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton_Lewis" title="Isaac Newton Lewis">Isaac Newton Lewis</a> in 1911, based on initial work by Samuel Maclean.<a href="#cite_note-Sken5-6">[6]</a> Despite its origins, the Lewis gun was not initially adopted by the U.S. military, most likely because of political differences between Lewis and <a href="/wiki/William_Crozier_(artillerist)" title="William Crozier (artillerist)">General William Crozier</a>, the chief of the Ordnance Department.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFord200567–68-7">[7]</a> Lewis became frustrated with trying to persuade the U.S. Army to adopt his design, claiming that he was "slapped by rejections from ignorant hacks",<a href="#cite_note-Ford_2005,_p.68-8">[8]</a> and retired from the army. Lewis left the United States in 1913 and went to Belgium, where he established the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armes_Automatique_Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armes Automatique Lewis (page does not exist)">Armes Automatique Lewis</a> company in <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a> to facilitate commercial production of the gun.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHogg1978218-9">[9]</a> Lewis had been working closely with British arms manufacturer the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company">Birmingham Small Arms Company</a> Limited (BSA) in an effort to overcome some of the production difficulties of the weapon.<a href="#cite_note-Sken5-6">[6]</a> The Belgians bought a small number of Lewis guns in 1913, using the <a href="/wiki/.303_British" title=".303 British">.303 British</a> round and, in 1914, BSA purchased a licence to manufacture the Lewis machine gun in England, which resulted in Lewis receiving significant <a href="/wiki/Royalties" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalties">royalty payments</a> and becoming very wealthy.<a href="#cite_note-Ford_2005,_p.68-8">[8]</a> Lewis and his factory moved to England before 1914, away from possible seizure in the event of a German invasion.<a href="#cite_note-Huon1997-10">[10]</a> The onset of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a> increased demand for the Lewis gun, and BSA began production, under the designation "Model 1914". The design was officially approved for service on 15 October 1915 under the designation "Gun, Lewis, .303-cal."<a href="#cite_note-Sken7-11">[11]</a> No Lewis guns were produced in Belgium during the war;<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> all manufacture was carried out by BSA in England and the <a href="/wiki/Savage_Arms_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Savage Arms Company">Savage Arms Company</a> in the US.<a href="#cite_note-Sken41-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_gun&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Production">edit</a>]</div> The Lewis was produced by BSA and Savage Arms during the war, and although the two versions were largely similar, enough differences existed to stop them being completely interchangeable, although this had been rectified by the time of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkennerton200115,_41–46-14">[14]</a> The major difference between the two designs was that the BSA weapons were chambered for .303 British ammunition, whereas the Savage guns were chambered for .30-06 cartridges, which necessitated some difference in the magazine, feed mechanism, bolt, barrel, extractors, and gas operation system.<a href="#cite_note-Sken41-13">[13]</a> Savage did make Lewis guns in .303 British calibre, though. The Model 1916 and Model 1917 were exported to Canada and the United Kingdom, and a few were supplied to the US military, particularly the Navy.<a href="#cite_note-Sken41-13">[13]</a> The Savage Model 1917 was generally produced in .30-06 calibre. A number of these guns were supplied to the UK under <a href="/wiki/Lend-lease" class="mw-redirect" title="Lend-lease">lend-lease</a> during the Second World War.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkennerton200141,_47-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_details">Design details</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_gun&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Design details">edit</a>]</div> The Lewis gun was <a href="/wiki/Gas-operated_reloading" title="Gas-operated reloading">gas operated</a>. A portion of the expanding propellant gas was tapped off from the barrel, driving a piston to the rear against a spring. The piston was fitted with a vertical post at its rear which rode in a helical <a href="/wiki/Cam_(mechanism)" title="Cam (mechanism)">cam</a> track in the bolt, rotating it at the end of its travel nearest the breech. This allowed the three locking lugs at the rear of the bolt to engage in recesses in the gun's body to lock it into place. The post also carried a fixed <a href="/wiki/Firing_pin" title="Firing pin">firing pin</a>, which protruded through an aperture in the front of the bolt, firing the next round at the foremost part of the piston's travel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFord200568–70-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Smith_1943,_p.31-17">[17]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lewis_gun_St_Thomas_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Lewis_gun_St_Thomas_3.JPG/220px-Lewis_gun_St_Thomas_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Lewis_gun_St_Thomas_3.JPG/330px-Lewis_gun_St_Thomas_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Lewis_gun_St_Thomas_3.JPG/440px-Lewis_gun_St_Thomas_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="939" /></a><figcaption>A Lewis gun at the <a href="/wiki/Elgin_Military_Museum" title="Elgin Military Museum">Elgin Military Museum</a> Canada. The rear end of its light-gray finned aluminium heat sink, which fits within the gun's brass-coloured cylindrical cooling shroud, can be seen</figcaption></figure> The gun's aluminium barrel-shroud caused the muzzle blast to draw air over the barrel and cool it, due to the muzzle-to-breech, radially finned aluminium <a href="/wiki/Heat_sink" title="Heat sink">heat sink</a> within the shroud's barrel, and protruding behind the shroud's aft end, running lengthwise in contact with the gun barrel (somewhat like the later American <a href="/wiki/M1895_Colt%E2%80%93Browning_machine_gun#World_War_I" title="M1895 Colt–Browning machine gun">M1917/18 Marlin-Rockwell machine gun</a>'s similar gun barrel cooling design)<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> from the "bottleneck" near the shroud's muzzle end and protruding externally behind the shroud's rear end. Some discussion occurred over whether the shroud was necessary: in the Second World War, many old aircraft guns that did not have the tubing were issued to <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">antiaircraft</a> units of the <a href="/wiki/British_Home_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="British Home Guard">British Home Guard</a> and to British airfields, and others were used on vehicle mounts in the Western Desert; all were found to function properly without it, which led to the suggestion that Lewis had insisted on the cooling arrangement largely to show that his design was different from Maclean's earlier prototypes.<a href="#cite_note-Ford70-19">[19]</a> Only the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> retained the tube/heatsink cooling system on their deck-mounted AA-configuration Lewis guns.<a href="#cite_note-Ford70-19">[19]</a> The Lewis gun used a <a href="/wiki/Pan_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan magazine">pan magazine</a> holding 47 or 97 rounds.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith194328,_32-20">[20]</a> Pan magazines hold the ammunition nose-inwards toward the center, in a radial fan. Unlike the more common <a href="/wiki/Drum_magazine" title="Drum magazine">drum magazines</a>, which hold the rounds parallel to the axis and are fed by spring tension, pan magazines are mechanically indexed. The Lewis magazine was driven by a cam on top of the bolt which operated a <a href="/wiki/Ratchet_(device)" title="Ratchet (device)">pawl mechanism</a> via a lever.<a href="#cite_note-Smith_1943,_p.31-17">[17]</a> An interesting point of the design was that it did not use a traditional helical coiled recoil spring, but used a spiral spring, much like a large clock spring, in a semicircular housing just in front of the trigger. The operating rod had a toothed underside, which engaged with a cog which wound the spring. When the gun fired, the bolt recoiled and the cog was turned, tightening the spring until the resistance of the spring had reached the recoil force of the bolt assembly. At that moment, as the gas pressure in the breech fell, the spring unwound, turning the cog, which, in turn, wound the operating rod forward for the next round. As with a clock spring, the Lewis gun recoil spring had an adjustment device to alter the recoil resistance for variations in temperature and wear. The Lewis design proved reliable and was even copied by the Japanese and used extensively by them during the Second World War.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith194331–32-21">[21]</a> The gun's cyclic rate of fire was about 500–600 rounds per minute. A recoil enhancer was added to the 1918 aircraft gun variant (and refitted to many 1917 models) which increased the rate of fire to about 800 rounds per minute. The ground use versions weighed 28 lb (12.7 kg), only about half as much as a typical medium machine gun of the era, such as the <a href="/wiki/Vickers_machine_gun" title="Vickers machine gun">Vickers machine gun</a>, and was chosen in part because, being more portable than a heavy machine gun, it could be carried and used by one soldier.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoggBatchelor197627-22">[22]</a> BSA even produced at least one model (the "B.S.A. Light Infantry Pattern Lewis Gun", which lacked the aluminium barrel shroud and had a wooden fore grip) designed as a form of <a href="/wiki/Automatic_rifle" title="Automatic rifle">automatic rifle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkennerton20014-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service">Service</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_gun&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Service">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_World_War">First World War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_gun&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: First World War">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lewis_gun_drill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lewis_gun_drill.jpg/220px-Lewis_gun_drill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lewis_gun_drill.jpg/330px-Lewis_gun_drill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lewis_gun_drill.jpg/440px-Lewis_gun_drill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2438" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>Men of the 28th Battalion of the 2nd Australian Division practising Lewis gun drill at <a href="/wiki/Renescure" title="Renescure">Renescure</a>.</figcaption></figure> During the first days of the war, the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian Army">Belgian Army</a> had put in service 20 prototypes (5 in <a href="/wiki/7.65%C3%9753mm_Mauser" title="7.65×53mm Mauser">7.65×53mm</a> and 15 in .303) for the <a href="/wiki/Fortified_position_of_Namur#The_Namur_forts_in_1914" title="Fortified position of Namur">defense of Namur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201411-24">[24]</a> The United Kingdom officially adopted the Lewis gun in <a href="/wiki/.303_British" title=".303 British">.303 British</a> calibre for land and aircraft use in October 1915.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkennerton20016-25">[25]</a> The weapon began to be issued to the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>'s infantry battalions on the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> in early 1916 as a replacement for the heavier and less mobile Vickers machine gun, which had been withdrawn from the infantry for use by the specialist <a href="/wiki/Machine_Gun_Corps" title="Machine Gun Corps">Machine Gun Corps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a> followed in early 1917, adopting the M1917 Lewis gun (produced by the Savage Arms Co.), in .30-06 calibre. Notes made during his training in 1918 by Arthur Bullock, a private soldier in the 2/4th <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire_and_Buckinghamshire_Light_Infantry" title="Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry">Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry</a>, record that the chief advantage of the gun was 'its invulnerability' and its chief disadvantages were 'its delicacy, the fact that it is useless for setting up a barrage, and also that the system of air cooling employed does not allow of more than 12 magazines being fired continuously'. He records its weight as 26 lbs unloaded and <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>30+1⁄2 lbs loaded (though later he mentions that it weighed 35 lbs loaded), and that it had 47 cartridges in a fully loaded magazine; also that it was supported by a <a href="/wiki/Bipod" title="Bipod">bipod</a> in front and by the operator's shoulder at the rear.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> About six months into his service, Bullock was sent on Lewis gun refresher course at La Lacque, and he recalled that the rigour of the training meant that 'everyone passed out 100 percent efficient, the meaning of which will be appreciated when I say that part of the final test was to strip down the gun completely and then, blindfolded, put those 104 parts together again correctly in just one minute.'<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lewis_Gun_Manual_25th_Aero.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1c/Lewis_Gun_Manual_25th_Aero.jpg/220px-Lewis_Gun_Manual_25th_Aero.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1c/Lewis_Gun_Manual_25th_Aero.jpg/330px-Lewis_Gun_Manual_25th_Aero.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1c/Lewis_Gun_Manual_25th_Aero.jpg/440px-Lewis_Gun_Manual_25th_Aero.jpg 2x" data-file-width="785" data-file-height="1059" /></a><figcaption>Lewis Gun Manual used by Sgt. Don L. Palmer of the <a href="/wiki/25th_Aero_Squadron" title="25th Aero Squadron">25th Aero Squadron</a>.</figcaption></figure> The gun was operated by a team of seven. Bullock was the First Lewis Gunner who carried the gun and a revolver, while 'The Second Gunner carried a bag containing spare parts, and the remaining five members of the team carried loaded pans of ammunition'. Bullock noted, 'all could fire the gun if required, and all could effect repairs in seconds'.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Bullock provides several vivid descriptions of the gun's use in combat. For example, on 13 April 1918 he and his fellow soldiers intercepted a German advance along the Calonne/Robecq road, noting 'we fired the gun in turns until it was too hot to hold'<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> and recording that 400 German casualties were caused, 'chiefly by my Lewis gun!'.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The <a href="/wiki/US_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="US Army">US Army</a> never officially adopted the weapon for infantry use<a href="#cite_note-Ford70-19">[19]</a> and even went so far as to take Lewis guns away from US Marines arriving in France and replace them with the <a href="/wiki/Chauchat" title="Chauchat">Chauchat</a> LMG<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoggBatchelor197630–31-33">[33]</a>—a practice believed to be related to <a href="/wiki/William_Crozier_(artillerist)" title="William Crozier (artillerist)">General Crozier's</a> dislike of Lewis and his gun.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoggBatchelor197631-34">[34]</a> The divisions of the US II Corps attached to the British Army were equipped with the gun.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The US Army eventually adopted the <a href="/wiki/Browning_Automatic_Rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Browning Automatic Rifle">Browning Automatic Rifle</a> in 1917 (although it was September 1918 before any of the new guns reached the front).<a href="#cite_note-Ford71-36">[36]</a> The US Navy and Marine Corps continued to use the .30-06 calibre Lewis until the early part of the Second World War.<a href="#cite_note-Smith_1973,_p.270-37">[37]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lewis_gun_world_war_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Lewis_gun_world_war_I.jpg/220px-Lewis_gun_world_war_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Lewis_gun_world_war_I.jpg/330px-Lewis_gun_world_war_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Lewis_gun_world_war_I.jpg/440px-Lewis_gun_world_war_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1096" data-file-height="834" /></a><figcaption>Australian soldiers firing at enemy aircraft during the First World War</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> purchased 10,000 Lewis guns in 1917 from the British government, and ordered another 10,000 weapons from Savage Arms in the US. The US government was unwilling to supply the Tsarist Russian government with the guns and some doubt exists as to whether they were actually delivered, although records indicate that 5,982 Savage weapons were delivered to Russia by 31 March 1917. The Lewis guns supplied by Britain were dispatched to Russia in May 1917, but it is not known for certain whether these were the Savage-made weapons being trans-shipped through the UK, or a separate batch of UK-produced units.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkennerton200146-38">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">White armies</a> in Northwest Russia received several hundred Lewis guns in 1918–1919.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> British <a href="/wiki/Mark_IV_tank" title="Mark IV tank">Mark IV tanks</a> used the Lewis, replacing the Vickers and <a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_M1909" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotchkiss M1909">Hotchkiss</a> used in earlier tanks. The Lewis was chosen for its relatively compact magazines, but the ventilation system inside the tank caused the airflow to be reversed through the Lewis cooling jacket, resulting in hot air and fumes being blown into the gunner's face.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> As soon as an improved belt feed for the Hotchkiss was developed, the Lewis was replaced by them in later tank models.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2018)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlanfield2001[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2018]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2018)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-41">[41]</a> As their enemies used the mobility of the gun to ambush German raiding parties, the Germans nicknamed the Lewis "the Belgian Rattlesnake".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201464-42">[42]</a> They used captured Lewis guns in both World Wars, and included instruction in its operation and care as part of their machine-gun crew training.<a href="#cite_note-The_Lewis_Gun-43">[43]</a> Despite costing more than a Vickers gun to manufacture (the cost of a Lewis gun was £165 in 1915<a href="#cite_note-Sken7-11">[11]</a> and £175 in 1918;<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> the Vickers cost about £100),<a href="#cite_note-Ford71-36">[36]</a> Lewis machine guns were in high demand with the British military during the First World War. The Lewis also had the advantage of being about 80% faster to build than the Vickers, and was a lot more portable.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoggBatchelor197627-22">[22]</a> Accordingly, the British government placed orders for 3,052 guns between August 1914 and June 1915.<a href="#cite_note-Sken7-11">[11]</a> Lewis guns outnumbered the Vickers by a ratio of about 3:1.<a href="#cite_note-Ford71-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aircraft_use">Aircraft use</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_gun&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aircraft use">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChandlerKirtlandLewisGun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/ChandlerKirtlandLewisGun.jpg/220px-ChandlerKirtlandLewisGun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/ChandlerKirtlandLewisGun.jpg/330px-ChandlerKirtlandLewisGun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/ChandlerKirtlandLewisGun.jpg/440px-ChandlerKirtlandLewisGun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="739" /></a><figcaption>Captain Charles Chandler (with prototype Lewis Gun) and Lt Roy Kirtland in a <a href="/wiki/Wright_Model_B" title="Wright Model B">Wright Model B</a> Flyer after the first successful firing of a machine gun from an aeroplane in June 1912</figcaption></figure> The Lewis gun was the first machine gun fired from an aeroplane; on 7 June 1912, Captain <a href="/wiki/Charles_deForest_Chandler" title="Charles deForest Chandler">Charles Chandler</a> of the US Army fired a prototype Lewis gun from the foot-bar of a <a href="/wiki/Wright_Model_B" title="Wright Model B">Wright Model B</a> Flyer.<a href="#cite_note-The_Lewis_Gun-43">[43]</a> Lewis guns were used extensively on British and French aircraft during the First World War, as either an observer's or gunner's weapon or an additional weapon to the more common Vickers. The Lewis's popularity as an aircraft machine gun was partly due to its low weight, the fact that it was air-cooled and that it used self-contained 97-round drum magazines. Because of this, the Lewis was first mounted on the <a href="/wiki/Vickers_F.B.5" title="Vickers F.B.5">Vickers F.B.5</a> "Gunbus", which was probably the world's first purpose-built combat aircraft when it entered service in August 1914, replacing the <a href="/wiki/Vickers_machine_gun" title="Vickers machine gun">Vickers machine gun</a> used on earlier experimental versions.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> It was also fitted on two early production examples of the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Scout" title="Bristol Scout">Bristol Scout</a> C aircraft by <a href="/wiki/Lanoe_Hawker" title="Lanoe Hawker">Lanoe Hawker</a> in mid-1915, mounted on the port side and firing forwards and outwards at a 30° angle to avoid the propeller arc. The problem in mounting a Lewis to fire forward in most single-engined <a href="/wiki/Tractor_configuration" title="Tractor configuration">tractor configuration</a> fighters was due to the <a href="/wiki/Open_bolt" title="Open bolt">open bolt</a> firing cycle of the Lewis, which prevented it from being <a href="/wiki/Synchronization_gear" title="Synchronization gear">synchronized</a> to fire directly forward through the propeller arc of such aircraft; only the unusual French <a href="/wiki/SPAD_S.A" title="SPAD S.A">SPAD S.A</a> "pulpit plane" which possessed a unique hinged gunner's nacelle immediately ahead of the propeller (and the pilot), and the British <a href="/wiki/Pusher_configuration" title="Pusher configuration">pusher</a> fighters <a href="/wiki/Vickers_F.B.5" title="Vickers F.B.5">Vickers F.B.5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airco_D.H.2" class="mw-redirect" title="Airco D.H.2">Airco D.H.2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Factory_F.E.2" title="Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2">Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Factory_F.E.8" title="Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.8">F.E.8</a> could readily use the Lewis as direct forward-firing armament early in the war. Some British single-engined tractor configuration fighters used a <a href="/wiki/Foster_mounting" title="Foster mounting">Foster mounting</a> on the top wing to elevate a Lewis gun above the propeller arc for unsynchronized firing, including production <a href="/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Factory_S.E.5" title="Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5">S.E.5/S.E.5a</a> fighters and field-modified examples of the <a href="/wiki/Avro_504" title="Avro 504">Avro 504</a>. For the use of observers or rear gunners, the Lewis was mounted on a <a href="/wiki/Scarff_ring" title="Scarff ring">Scarff ring</a>, which allowed the gun to be rotated and elevated whilst supporting the gun's weight.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoggBatchelor197627,_33-46">[46]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sopdol2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Sopdol2.jpg/220px-Sopdol2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Sopdol2.jpg/330px-Sopdol2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Sopdol2.jpg/440px-Sopdol2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="254" /></a><figcaption>1918 Sopwith Dolphin with twin Lewis guns aimed upwards.</figcaption></figure>Until September 1916 <a href="/wiki/Zeppelin" title="Zeppelin">Zeppelin</a> airships were very difficult to attack successfully at high altitude, although this also made accurate bombing impossible. Aeroplanes struggled to reach a typical altitude of 10,000 feet (3,000 m), and firing the solid bullets usually used by aircraft Lewis guns was ineffectual: they made small holes causing inconsequential gas leaks. Britain developed new bullets, the Brock containing spontaneously igniting <a href="/wiki/Potassium_chlorate" title="Potassium chlorate">potassium chlorate</a>,<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> and the Buckingham filled with <a href="/wiki/Pyrophoricity" title="Pyrophoricity">pyrophoric</a> <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">phosphorus</a>,<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> to set fire to the Zeppelin's <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>. These had become available by September 1916.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> When combined with explosive <a href="/wiki/Pomeroy_bullet" title="Pomeroy bullet">Pomeroy bullets</a> which ripped open the envelopes, they proved very successful, and Lewis guns loaded with a mixture of Pomeroy, Brock and Buckingham ammunition were often employed for balloon-busting against German Zeppelins,<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> other airships and Drache barrage balloons.<a href="#cite_note-The_Lewis_Gun-43">[43]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aircraft_Lewis_Machine_Gun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Aircraft_Lewis_Machine_Gun.jpg/220px-Aircraft_Lewis_Machine_Gun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Aircraft_Lewis_Machine_Gun.jpg/330px-Aircraft_Lewis_Machine_Gun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Aircraft_Lewis_Machine_Gun.jpg/440px-Aircraft_Lewis_Machine_Gun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1249" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>A closer view of the Lewis aircraft gun and mount</figcaption></figure> On the French <a href="/wiki/Nieuport_11" title="Nieuport 11">Nieuport 11</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Nieuport_17" title="Nieuport 17">Nieuport 17</a> <a href="/wiki/Sesquiplane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesquiplane">sesquiplanes</a>, a Lewis gun was mounted above the top wing (in a similar way as fitted to the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Factory_S.E.5" title="Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5">S.E.5a</a>) – sometimes on a <a href="/wiki/Foster_mounting" title="Foster mounting">Foster mount</a>, which allowed firing directly forward outside the <a href="/wiki/Propeller_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Propeller (aircraft)">propeller</a> arc. The Foster mount usually incorporated an arc-shaped I-beam rail as its rearmost structural member, that a Lewis gun could be slid backwards and downwards along the rail towards the cockpit, to allow the ammunition drum to be changed in flight – but <a href="/wiki/Royal_Flying_Corps" title="Royal Flying Corps">RFC</a> fighter ace <a href="/wiki/Albert_Ball" title="Albert Ball">Albert Ball</a> <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">VC</a> also understood that the Lewis gun in such a mount also retained its original trigger, and could thus be <a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%A4ge_Musik#World_War_I" title="Schräge Musik">fired upwards</a>. He used the upward firing Lewis to attack solitary German two-seater aircraft from below and behind, where the observer could not see him or fire back. It was his use of the weapon in this way, in a Nieuport, that led to its later introduction on the S.E.5/S.E.5a: Ball had acted in a consultant capacity on the development of this aeroplane. The later <a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Dolphin" title="Sopwith Dolphin">Sopwith Dolphin</a>, already armed with twin synchronized Vickers guns just forward of the pilot and just above its <a href="/wiki/Hispano-Suiza_8" title="Hispano-Suiza 8">V-8 engine</a>, could also use one or two Lewis guns mounted on the forward crossbar of its <a href="/wiki/Cabane_strut" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabane strut">cabane</a> structure, between the top wing panels, as an anti-Zeppelin measure. A few of the Dolphins in use with <a href="/wiki/No._87_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 87 Squadron RAF">No. 87 Squadron RAF</a> in the summer of 1918, alternatively mounted their twin Lewises <a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Dolphin#Use_of_the_Lewis_guns" title="Sopwith Dolphin">atop the lower wings just inboard of the inner wing struts</a> for an additional pair of forward-firing machine guns; in such a field-achieved configuration, however, neither gun-jam clearing, nor drum magazine replacement were possible on their Lewises during a mission. Lewis guns were also carried as defensive guns on British airships. The <a href="/wiki/SS_class_blimp" class="mw-redirect" title="SS class blimp">SS class blimps</a> carried one gun. The larger <a href="/wiki/NS_class_blimp" class="mw-redirect" title="NS class blimp">NS class blimps</a> carried two or three guns in the control car and some were fitted with an additional gun and a gunner's position at the top of the gasbag.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_gun&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Second World War">edit</a>]</div> By the Second World War, the British Army had replaced the Lewis gun with the <a href="/wiki/Bren_light_machine_gun" title="Bren light machine gun">Bren gun</a> for most infantry use.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant20146-52">[52]</a> As an airborne weapon, the Lewis was largely supplanted by the <a href="/wiki/Vickers_K_machine_gun" title="Vickers K machine gun">Vickers K</a>, a weapon that could achieve over twice the rate of fire of the Lewis. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Singapore_Volunteer_Force_training_November_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Singapore_Volunteer_Force_training_November_1941.jpg/220px-Singapore_Volunteer_Force_training_November_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Singapore_Volunteer_Force_training_November_1941.jpg/330px-Singapore_Volunteer_Force_training_November_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Singapore_Volunteer_Force_training_November_1941.jpg/440px-Singapore_Volunteer_Force_training_November_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="788" /></a><figcaption>Recruits of the <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements_Volunteer_Force" title="Straits Settlements Volunteer Force">Singapore Volunteer Force</a> training with a Lewis gun, 1941</figcaption></figure> In the crisis following the Fall of France, where a large part of the British Army's equipment had been lost up to and at Dunkirk, stocks of Lewis guns in both .303 and .30-06 were hurriedly pressed back into service, primarily for <a href="/wiki/Home_Guard_(United_Kingdom)" title="Home Guard (United Kingdom)">Home Guard</a>, airfield defence and anti-aircraft use.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkennerton198858-53">[53]</a> 58,983 Lewis guns were taken from stores, repaired, refitted and issued by the British during the course of the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkennerton200146–47-54">[54]</a> In addition to their reserve weapon role in the UK, they also saw front-line use with the Dutch, British, Australian, and New Zealand forces in the early years of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific campaign</a> against the Japanese.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkennerton20017–9-55">[55]</a> The Lewis gun saw continued service as an anti-aircraft weapon during the war; in this role, it was credited by the British for bringing down more low-flying enemy aircraft than any other AA weapon.<a href="#cite_note-Smith43-56">[56]</a> Peter White indicates that his battalion of the King's Own Scottish Borderers was still using the Lewis on <a href="/wiki/Universal_Carriers" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Carriers">Universal Carriers</a> in 1945.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Commandos" title="Royal Naval Commandos">Royal Naval Commandos</a> were also designated use of the weapon for their beach parties.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> At the start of the Second World War, the Lewis was the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>'s standard close-range air defence weapon. It was installed on major warships, <a href="/wiki/Armed_trawlers" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed trawlers">armed trawlers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Defensively_Equipped_Merchant_Ships" class="mw-redirect" title="Defensively Equipped Merchant Ships">defensively equipped merchant ships</a>. It was often used in twin mountings and a quadruple mount was developed for <a href="/wiki/Motor_Torpedo_Boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor Torpedo Boat">motor torpedo boats</a>. British submarines generally carried two guns on single mounts. Although it was gradually replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Oerlikon_20_mm_cannon" title="Oerlikon 20 mm cannon">Oerlikon 20 mm cannon</a>, new <a href="/wiki/Corvette" title="Corvette">corvettes</a> were still being fitted with twin Lewises as late as 1942. Lewis guns were also carried by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>'s <a href="/wiki/RAF_Rescue_Launch" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Rescue Launch">air-sea rescue launches</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Navy_Motor_Torpedo_Boats_on_patrol,_1940._A60.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Royal_Navy_Motor_Torpedo_Boats_on_patrol%2C_1940._A60.jpg/220px-Royal_Navy_Motor_Torpedo_Boats_on_patrol%2C_1940._A60.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Royal_Navy_Motor_Torpedo_Boats_on_patrol%2C_1940._A60.jpg/330px-Royal_Navy_Motor_Torpedo_Boats_on_patrol%2C_1940._A60.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Royal_Navy_Motor_Torpedo_Boats_on_patrol%2C_1940._A60.jpg/440px-Royal_Navy_Motor_Torpedo_Boats_on_patrol%2C_1940._A60.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>A Royal Navy Motor Torpedo Boat with two twin Lewis gun mounts, 1940.</figcaption></figure> American forces used the Lewis gun (in .30-06 calibre) throughout the war. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">US Navy</a> used the weapon on armed merchant cruisers, small auxiliary ships, landing craft and submarines. The US Coast Guard also used the Lewis on their vessels.<a href="#cite_note-Smith43-56">[56]</a> It was never officially adopted by the US Army for anything other than aircraft use.<a href="#cite_note-Ford70-19">[19]</a> The Germans used captured British Lewis guns during the war under the designation MG 137(e),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChant200147-60">[60]</a> whilst the Japanese copied the Lewis design and employed it extensively during the war;<a href="#cite_note-Smith43-56">[56]</a> it was designated the <a href="/wiki/Type_92_machine_gun" title="Type 92 machine gun">Type 92</a> and chambered for a <a href="/wiki/.303_British#Japanese_7.7_mm_ammunition" title=".303 British">7.7 mm rimmed cartridge</a> that was interchangeable with the .303 British round.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1973512-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1943131-62">[62]</a> The Lewis was officially withdrawn from British service in 1946,<a href="#cite_note-Ford71-36">[36]</a> but continued to be used by forces operating against the United Nations in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. It was also used against French and US forces in the <a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a> and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sken9-63">[63]</a> Total production of the Lewis gun during the Second World War by BSA was over 145,000 units,<a href="#cite_note-Ford70-19">[19]</a> a total of 3,550 guns were produced by the Savage Arms Co. for US service: 2,500 in .30-06 and 1,050 in .303 British calibre.<a href="#cite_note-Smith_1973,_p.270-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_gun&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Variants">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_gun&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Canada">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Model 1915. This was the designation given to .303 Lewis Mk I weapons manufactured for Canada in the United States by the <a href="/wiki/Savage_Arms_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Savage Arms Company">Savage Arms Company</a>. Large numbers of these guns were also produced by Savage for the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> and in an aircraft configuration, for France and Italy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201416-64">[64]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leteck%C3%A9_muzeum_Kbely_(9).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Leteck%C3%A9_muzeum_Kbely_%289%29.jpg/220px-Leteck%C3%A9_muzeum_Kbely_%289%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Leteck%C3%A9_muzeum_Kbely_%289%29.jpg/330px-Leteck%C3%A9_muzeum_Kbely_%289%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Leteck%C3%A9_muzeum_Kbely_%289%29.jpg/440px-Leteck%C3%A9_muzeum_Kbely_%289%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4416" data-file-height="3312" /></a><figcaption>Czech Vz 28/L, chambered for the 7.92×57mm Mauser ammunition.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_gun&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Czechoslovakia">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Vz 28/L. 731 7.92×57mm Lewis guns formerly used by the <a href="/wiki/First_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="First Czechoslovak Republic">Czechoslovakian</a> infantry were modified to aircraft (or anti-aircraft) machine guns by <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A1_zbrojovka_Strakonice" title="Česká zbrojovka Strakonice">Česká zbrojovka Strakonice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Czech-65">[65]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_gun&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Netherlands">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Mitrailleur M. 20. In the Netherlands, the Lewis in both ground and aircraft versions was used in <a href="/wiki/6.5%C3%9753mmR" title="6.5×53mmR">6.5×53 mm R</a> calibre, using a 97-round magazine only.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> The infantry version was equipped with a carrying handle on a clamp around the rear of the cooling tube. After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Netherlands">German invasion of May 1940</a>, the weapon was also used by Germany under the designation 6,5 mm leichtes Maschinengewehr 100 (h).<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> This Dutch modification of the older BSA redesign would have been extremely simple, as the Dutch/Romanian 6.5mm Mannlicher round has very nearly the same critical dimensions of the case head and rim as .303" British.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_gun&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: United Kingdom">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Home_Guard_1939-45_H14697.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/The_Home_Guard_1939-45_H14697.jpg/220px-The_Home_Guard_1939-45_H14697.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/The_Home_Guard_1939-45_H14697.jpg/330px-The_Home_Guard_1939-45_H14697.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/The_Home_Guard_1939-45_H14697.jpg/440px-The_Home_Guard_1939-45_H14697.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="794" /></a><figcaption>A British <a href="/wiki/Home_Guard_(United_Kingdom)" title="Home Guard (United Kingdom)">Home Guard</a> platoon in 1941. The soldier on the right is carrying either a Lewis Mk III* or Mk III** with the improvised skeleton stock and fore-stock to make it usable as a ground weapon. The man next to him is carrying the drum magazine.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Mark I. The .303 Lewis Mk I was the basic ground pattern model used by British and <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> forces from 1915 with few improvements.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201414–15-68">[68]</a></li> <li>Mark II. This was the first purpose built aircraft version of the Lewis, earlier versions had been improvised from Mk I guns. The cooling fins were omitted to save weight, but a light protective shroud around the barrel was retained. The wooden <a href="/wiki/Stock_(firearms)" title="Stock (firearms)">stock</a> was removed and replaced with a "spade" grip, which resembled the handle of a garden spade. A 97-round drum magazine was introduced which required a larger magazine spigot on the body of the gun.</li> <li>Mark II*. An improved Mk II with an increased rate of fire introduced in 1918.</li> <li>Mark III. A further upgrade of the Mk II with an even faster rate of fire and the barrel shroud removed, introduced later in 1918.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201417–18-69">[69]</a></li> <li>Mark III*. The British designation for the US .30-06 M1918 aircraft gun, some 46,000 of which were imported for the use of the Home Guard in 1940. These guns were modified for ground use by the replacement of the spade grip with a crude <a href="/wiki/Skeleton_stock" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeleton stock">skeleton stock</a> and the addition of a simple wooden fore-stock which would allow the gun to be fired while resting on a sandbag, or from the hip while advancing.</li> <li>Mark III**. The designation for the .303 Mark III modified in the same way as the US M1918s.</li> <li>Mark III DEMS. Intended for <a href="/wiki/Defensively_Equipped_Merchant_Ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Defensively Equipped Merchant Ship">Defensively Equipped Merchant Ships</a> (DEMS), it was similar to the Mk III** but with the addition of a <a href="/wiki/Pistol_grip" title="Pistol grip">pistol grip</a> on the fore-stock, so that the weapon could be fired free-standing from the shoulder, from any part of a ship's decks.</li> <li>Mark IV. After all the usable weapons had been reconditioned and issued, there remained a large number of incomplete Lewis guns and spare parts. These were assembled into guns similar to the Mk III**. There was a particular shortage of the fragile "clock" springs for the Lewis, so a simpler spring was manufactured and housed in a straight tube which extended into the skeleton stock. Many of these guns were fitted with a simple and light tripod which had been specially produced.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201463-70">[70]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_gun&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>M1917 Lewis. Savage produced a version of the Lewis Mk I for US forces, rechambered for the <a href="/wiki/.30-06" class="mw-redirect" title=".30-06">.30-06</a> round and with a modified gas operation due to the greater power of the US <a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">ammunition</a>. A few of these were modified for aircraft use, when intended for <a href="/wiki/Synchronization_gear" title="Synchronization gear">non-synchronized</a> emplacements on an airframe. The <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a> designation was Lewis Mark VI and Mk VI Mod 1.</li> <li>M1918 Lewis. A purpose built aircraft version of the M1917.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Experimental_projects">Experimental projects</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_gun&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Experimental projects">edit</a>]</div> A commercial venture in 1921 by the Birmingham Small Arms Company was a version which fired the <a href="/w/index.php?title=12.7%C3%9781mm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12.7×81mm (page does not exist)">12.7×81mm</a> (0.5-inch Vickers) ammunition, intended for use against aircraft and tanks. At around the same time, BSA developed the Light Infantry Model which had a 22-round magazine and a wooden fore-stock in place of the radiator fins and shroud; it was intended to be used in a similar way to the <a href="/wiki/Browning_Automatic_Rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Browning Automatic Rifle">Browning Automatic Rifle</a>. Another development was a twin Lewis for aircraft use in which the bodies of the two weapons were joined side-by-side and the drum magazines were mounted vertically, one on each side. None of these projects was accepted by any armed forces.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201426-71">[71]</a> Lewis had also experimented with lighter, 30-06 calibre, box magazine-fed infantry rifle variants intended for shoulder or hip fire as a competition to the BAR. They were dubbed "Assault Phase Rifle" – what could be understood as the first use of the term "Assault Rifle", despite the weapon being, by today's designation, a battle rifle. Despite being three pounds lighter than it and loaded with very forward-thinking features for the time (such as an <a href="/wiki/Ambidexterous" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambidexterous">ambidexterous</a> magazine release), the U.S. Army still chose to adopt the BAR.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> A short-barrelled light machine gun variant was developed at the start of the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. It came with a hand guard and was fed from a 30-round <a href="/wiki/Bren" class="mw-redirect" title="Bren">Bren</a> magazines; however, it was decided by the British authorities to concentrate production on the Bren, which had the advantage of a changeable barrel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201442-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_on_later_designs">Influence on later designs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_gun&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Influence on later designs">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The German <a href="/wiki/FG_42" title="FG 42">FG 42</a> paratrooper's rifle used the Lewis gun's gas assembly and bolt design which were in turn incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/M60_machine_gun" title="M60 machine gun">M60 machine gun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sken9-63">[63]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Type_92_machine_gun" title="Type 92 machine gun">Type 92 machine gun</a>, the standard hand-held machine gun used by <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> aircraft gunners in WWII, was essentially a copy of the Lewis gun.<a href="#cite_note-Smith43-56">[56]</a></li> <li>The Russian <a href="/wiki/PKP_Pecheneg_machine_gun" title="PKP Pecheneg machine gun">PKP Pecheneg machine gun</a> uses a streamlined version of the Lewis gun's forced air cooling in a fixed heavy barrel. This enables the Pecheneg to fire more than 600 rounds through the barrel without warping.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Users">Users</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_gun&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Users">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_de_Lib%C3%A9ration_Nationale" class="mw-redirect" title="Armée de Libération Nationale">Armée de Libération Nationale</a> guerrillas<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201439-76">[76]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Barbados_%281870%E2%80%931966%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Barbados_%281870%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Barbados_%281870%E2%80%931966%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Barbados_%281870%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Barbados_%281870%E2%80%931966%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Barbados_%281870%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201411-24">[24]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Volunteer_Rifle_Corps" title="Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps">Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeague_of_Nations1924126-78">[78]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Biafra.svg/23px-Flag_of_Biafra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Biafra.svg/35px-Flag_of_Biafra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Biafra.svg/45px-Flag_of_Biafra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Biafra" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Biafra">Biafra</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a><a href="#cite_note-Chaco-80">[80]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British Hong Kong</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeague_of_Nations1924181-81">[81]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/23px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/35px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/46px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281896%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">British Malaya</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeague_of_Nations1924185_187-83">[83]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201435-84">[84]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281875%E2%80%931948%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281875%E2%80%931948%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281875%E2%80%931948%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281875%E2%80%931948%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281875%E2%80%931948%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281875%E2%80%931948%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon" title="British Ceylon">Ceylon</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeague_of_Nations1924179-85">[85]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a><a href="#cite_note-Czech-65">[65]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Kept in reserve in 1940.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Fiji_%281924%E2%80%931970%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji_%281924%E2%80%931970%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Fiji_%281924%E2%80%931970%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fiji_%281924%E2%80%931970%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Fiji_%281924%E2%80%931970%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Fiji_%281924%E2%80%931970%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeague_of_Nations1924196-89">[89]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>: Small number captured from Russia and used during the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Finnish Civil War</a>; also used in WW2 by air force and as anti-aircraft weapons. Designated as 7,62 pk/Lewis and 7,70 pk/Lewis<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201444-91">[91]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>: Locally produced as the <a href="/wiki/Type_92_machine_gun" title="Type 92 machine gun">Type 92</a> and adopted by the navy<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201444-91">[91]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>:It is estimated that the Germans captured more than 10,000 Lewis guns in World War I. Those were converted to fire 8mm Mauser in a special factory in Belgium<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201465-92">[92]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281955%E2%80%931966%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281955%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281955%E2%80%931966%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281955%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281955%E2%80%931966%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281955%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">Guiana</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeague_of_Nations1924128-93">[93]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>: by the time of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a>, an Iraqi infantry battalion at full strength included 4 anti-aircraft Lewis guns.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201463-70">[70]</a> - Used by <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army">Irish Republican Army</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Irish War">Anglo-Irish War</a> & <a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a>. In use by the Irish National Army, then by all services in the Irish Defence Forces. Also used by the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional IRA">Provisional IRA</a> during the early period of <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201464-42">[42]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a>: infantry variant, modified to be used on aircraft<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201416–18-97">[97]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>: standard LMG during <a href="/wiki/Latvian_War_of_Independence" title="Latvian War of Independence">Latvian War of Independence</a> and interwar period. Used in both infantry and anti-aircraft roles, ~8000 in stock by April 1936.<a href="#cite_note-Sken9-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Used by <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Police_Battalions" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian Police Battalions">Latvian Police Battalions</a> of WW2.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>: in the interwar period<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius"><img alt="Mauritius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Mauritius_%281923%E2%80%931968%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius_%281923%E2%80%931968%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Mauritius_%281923%E2%80%931968%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius_%281923%E2%80%931968%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Mauritius_%281923%E2%80%931968%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mauritius_%281923%E2%80%931968%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/British_Mauritius" title="British Mauritius">Mauritius</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeague_of_Nations1924193-101">[101]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_Mexico_%281893-1916%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281893-1916%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_Mexico_%281893-1916%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281893-1916%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_Mexico_%281893-1916%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281893-1916%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>:The Wehrmacht captured a significant number of British and Dutch Lewis guns in 1940, and put these into service with second-line troops as the MG 137(e) and MG 100(h)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201465-92">[92]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201463–64-103">[103]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Nicaragua_%281908%E2%80%931971%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua_%281908%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Nicaragua_%281908%E2%80%931971%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua_%281908%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Nicaragua_%281908%E2%80%931971%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua_%281908%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>: manufactured before WWI<a href="#cite_note-Segel-107">[107]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281902%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281902%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281902%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281902%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281902%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281902%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo">North Borneo</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeague_of_Nations1924177-108">[108]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Northern_Rhodesia_%281939%E2%80%931964%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Northern_Rhodesia_%281939%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Northern_Rhodesia_%281939%E2%80%931964%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Northern_Rhodesia_%281939%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Northern_Rhodesia_%281939%E2%80%931964%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Northern_Rhodesia_%281939%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia" title="Northern Rhodesia">Northern Rhodesia</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeague_of_Nations1924156-109">[109]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201476-110">[110]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201463-70">[70]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201416-64">[64]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>: Used by <a href="/wiki/Warlord_Era" title="Warlord Era">warlord armies</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Between 1928 and 1930, <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiang_(warlord)" title="Liu Xiang (warlord)">Liu Xiang</a>'s army acquired 3,000 British Lewis Guns with 15 million cartridges.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201464-42">[42]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_British_Somaliland_%281952%E2%80%931960%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_British_Somaliland_%281952%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_British_Somaliland_%281952%E2%80%931960%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_British_Somaliland_%281952%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_British_Somaliland_%281952%E2%80%931960%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_British_Somaliland_%281952%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/British_Somaliland" title="British Somaliland">Somaliland</a>: <a href="/wiki/Somaliland_Camel_Corps" title="Somaliland Camel Corps">Somaliland Camel Corps</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeague_of_Nations1924172-114">[114]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Southern_Rhodesia_%281924%E2%80%931964%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Southern_Rhodesia_%281924%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Southern_Rhodesia_%281924%E2%80%931964%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Southern_Rhodesia_%281924%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Southern_Rhodesia_%281924%E2%80%931964%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Southern_Rhodesia_%281924%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia" title="Southern Rhodesia">Southern Rhodesia</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeague_of_Nations1924173-115">[115]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201464-42">[42]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Spanish Republic</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tibet.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tibet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tibet.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tibet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tibet.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tibet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Transjordan</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201463–64-103">[103]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201439-76">[76]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201465-92">[92]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a><a href="#cite_note-Sken9-63">[63]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_gun&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DP_machine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="DP machine gun">DP machine gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emu_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Emu war">Emu war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_24/29_light_machine_gun" title="FM 24/29 light machine gun">FM 24/29 light machine gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Model_D1918_machine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Johnston Model D1918 machine gun">Johnston Model D1918 machine gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._Army_weapons_by_supply_catalog_designation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. Army weapons by supply catalog designation">List of U.S. Army weapons by supply catalog designation</a> SNL A-11</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_gun&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCanfield2016" class="citation magazine cs1">Canfield, Bruce (October 2016). "1916: Guns On The Border". American Rifleman. National Rifle Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Rifleman&rft.atitle=1916%3A+Guns+On+The+Border&rft.date=2016-10&rft.aulast=Canfield&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImanTriharjantoWibowoAsmoro2023" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Iman, Khoerozadi Faizal; Triharjanto, Robertus Heru; Wibowo, Heri Budi; Asmoro, Novky; Wulandari, Tsaniyah (21 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ejournal.unibabwi.ac.id/index.php/santhet/article/view/2994">"Analisis Pemanfaatan Teknologi Alutsista dan Sumber Daya Persenjataan yang Digunakan pada Periode Perang Gerilya Indonesia Tahun 1945 – 1949"</a> [Analysis of Weapon Technology and Defense Resources Used in the Indonesian Guerrilla War 1945 – 1949]. Santhet: Jurnal Sejarah, Pendidikan, dan Humaniora (in Indonesian). 7 (2): 669–675. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.36526%2Fsanthet.v7i2.2994">10.36526/santhet.v7i2.2994</a>. Retrieved 15 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Santhet%3A+Jurnal+Sejarah%2C+Pendidikan%2C+dan+Humaniora&rft.atitle=Analisis+Pemanfaatan+Teknologi+Alutsista+dan+Sumber+Daya+Persenjataan+yang+Digunakan+pada+Periode+Perang+Gerilya+Indonesia+Tahun+1945+%E2%80%93+1949&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=669-675&rft.date=2023-09-21&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.36526%2Fsanthet.v7i2.2994&rft.aulast=Iman&rft.aufirst=Khoerozadi+Faizal&rft.au=Triharjanto%2C+Robertus+Heru&rft.au=Wibowo%2C+Heri+Budi&rft.au=Asmoro%2C+Novky&rft.au=Wulandari%2C+Tsaniyah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fejournal.unibabwi.ac.id%2Findex.php%2Fsanthet%2Farticle%2Fview%2F2994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1919/jun/24/mr-kellaways-statement">"Mr. Kellaway's Statement. 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La Gazette des Armes (in French). No. 273. pp. 23–26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Gazette+des+Armes&rft.atitle=Le+fusil+mitrailleur+Lewis+%281%C3%A8re+partie%29&rft.issue=273&rft.pages=23-26&rft.date=1997-01&rft.aulast=Huon&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.1001mags.com%2Fparution%2Fgazette-des-armes%2Fnumero-273-janvier-1997%2Fpage-24-25-texte-integral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sken7-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sken7_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sken7_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sken7_11-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFSkennerton2001">Skennerton (2001)</a>, p. 6 </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSkennerton2001">Skennerton (2001)</a>, p. 7 </li> <li id="cite_note-Sken41-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sken41_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sken41_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sken41_13-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFSkennerton2001">Skennerton (2001)</a>, p. 41 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESkennerton200115,_41–46-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkennerton200115,_41–46_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSkennerton2001">Skennerton (2001)</a>, pp. 15, 41–46. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESkennerton200141,_47-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkennerton200141,_47_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSkennerton2001">Skennerton (2001)</a>, pp. 41, 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFord200568–70-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFord200568–70_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFord2005">Ford (2005)</a>, pp. 68–70. </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith_1943,_p.31-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_1943,_p.31_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_1943,_p.31_17-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith1943">Smith (1943)</a>, p. 31 </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marlinforum.com/images/8/8/3/1108a-633536159139359986-6.jpg">Springfield Armory photo of the M1918 Marlin gun with heatsink fitted</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220090154/http://www.marlinforum.com/images/8/8/3/1108a-633536159139359986-6.jpg">Archived</a> 20 December 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ford70-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ford70_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ford70_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ford70_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ford70_19-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ford70_19-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFFord2005">Ford (2005)</a>, p. 70 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith194328,_32-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith194328,_32_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith1943">Smith (1943)</a>, pp. 28, 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith194331–32-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith194331–32_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith1943">Smith (1943)</a>, pp. 31–32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoggBatchelor197627-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoggBatchelor197627_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoggBatchelor197627_22-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoggBatchelor1976">Hogg & Batchelor (1976)</a>, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESkennerton20014-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkennerton20014_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSkennerton2001">Skennerton (2001)</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201411-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrant201411_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrant201411_24-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrant2014">Grant (2014)</a>, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESkennerton20016-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkennerton20016_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSkennerton2001">Skennerton (2001)</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffith1998" class="citation book cs1">Griffith, Paddy, ed. 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London: Routledge. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0714634951" title="Special:BookSources/978-0714634951"><bdi>978-0714634951</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Fighting+Methods+in+the+Great+War&rft.place=London&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0714634951&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOXMnAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Bullock, 2009, pp. 63, 64. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Bullock, 2009, p. 70. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Bullock, 2009, p. 64. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Bullock, 2009, p. 66. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Bullock, 2009, p. 69. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Barnes, A. F. (1930). The Story of the 2/5th Gloucestershire Regiment, Crypt House Press, Gloucester. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoggBatchelor197630–31-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoggBatchelor197630–31_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoggBatchelor1976">Hogg & Batchelor (1976)</a>, pp. 30–31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoggBatchelor197631-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoggBatchelor197631_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoggBatchelor1976">Hogg & Batchelor (1976)</a>, p. 31. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Laemlein, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanrifleman.org/articles/2017/10/31/machine-guns-of-the-american-expeditionary-force-in-world-war-i/">Machine Guns of the American Expeditionary Force in World War I</a> American Rifleman article. October 31, 1917. 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Men-at-Arms 305. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-656-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-656-9"><bdi>978-1-85532-656-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Russian+Civil+War+%282%29%3A+White+Armies&rft.series=Men-at-Arms+305&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1997-07-15&rft.isbn=978-1-85532-656-9&rft.aulast=Khvostov&rft.aufirst=Mikhail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFletcher2007" class="citation cs2">Fletcher, David (2007), British Mark IV Tank, New Vanguard 133, Osprey Publishing, p. 10, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-082-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-082-6"><bdi>978-1-84603-082-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Mark+IV+Tank&rft.series=New+Vanguard+133&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-082-6&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlanfield2001[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2018]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2018)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlanfield2001[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2018]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2018)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlanfield2001">Glanfield (2001)</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant201464-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrant201464_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrant201464_42-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrant201464_42-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrant201464_42-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrant2014">Grant (2014)</a>, p. 64. </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Lewis_Gun-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Lewis_Gun_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Lewis_Gun_43-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Lewis_Gun_43-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce2000" class="citation news cs1">Bruce, Robert (March 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090807035340/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BQY/is_3_46/ai_59281217/">"The Lewis Gun"</a>. Guns Magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BQY/is_3_46/ai_59281217">the original</a> on 7 August 2009. Retrieved 12 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guns+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Lewis+Gun&rft.date=2000-03&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_m0BQY%2Fis_3_46%2Fai_59281217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Bullock, 2009, page 63 </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDriver1997" class="citation book cs1">Driver, Hugh (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cbrA5NJp2JMC&pg=PA128">The Birth of Military Aviation: Britain, 1903–1914</a>. The Boydell Press. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86193-234-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86193-234-4"><bdi>978-0-86193-234-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 27 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+Military+Aviation%3A+Britain%2C+1903%E2%80%931914&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=The+Boydell+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-86193-234-4&rft.aulast=Driver&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcbrA5NJp2JMC%26pg%3DPA128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoggBatchelor197627,_33-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoggBatchelor197627,_33_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoggBatchelor1976">Hogg & Batchelor (1976)</a>, pp. 27, 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/britmilammo/-303-inch/-303-inch-explosive">".303-inch Explosive"</a>. 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British Military Small Arms Ammo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160918213551/https://sites.google.com/site/britmilammo/-303-inch/-303-inch-incendiary">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2016. 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București: Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului. p. 56.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rom%C3%A2nia+%C3%AEn+r%C4%83zboiul+mondial+1916%E2%80%931919&rft.place=Bucure%C8%99ti&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Monitorul+Oficial+%C8%99i+Imprimeriile+Statului&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeague_of_Nations1924172-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeague_of_Nations1924172_114-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLeague_of_Nations1924">League of Nations (1924)</a>, p. 172. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeague_of_Nations1924173-115"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeague_of_Nations1924173_115-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLeague_of_Nations1924">League of Nations (1924)</a>, p. 173. </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Quesada2015" class="citation book cs1">de Quesada, Alejandro (20 January 2015). The Spanish Civil War 1936–39 (2): Republican Forces. Men-at-Arms 498. Osprey Publishing. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78200-785-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78200-785-2"><bdi>978-1-78200-785-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Civil+War+1936%E2%80%9339+%282%29%3A+Republican+Forces&rft.series=Men-at-Arms+498&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2015-01-20&rft.isbn=978-1-78200-785-2&rft.aulast=de+Quesada&rft.aufirst=Alejandro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapman1998" class="citation web cs1">Chapman, Frederick Spencer (1998) [1936]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tibet.prm.ox.ac.uk/photo_1998.131.505.html">"Tibetan Lewis Gun section"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tibetan+Lewis+Gun+section&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Frederick+Spencer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftibet.prm.ox.ac.uk%2Fphoto_1998.131.505.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_references">General references</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_gun&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: General references">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBullock2009" class="citation book cs1">Bullock, Arthur (2009). Gloucestershire Between the Wars: A Memoir. The History Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-4793-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-4793-3"><bdi>978-0-7524-4793-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gloucestershire+Between+the+Wars%3A+A+Memoir&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7524-4793-3&rft.aulast=Bullock&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"> Pages 62–64, 66, 69-70, 85-86.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChant2001" class="citation book cs1">Chant, Christopher (2001). Small Arms Of World War II. London (UK): Brown Partworks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84044-089-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84044-089-8"><bdi>978-1-84044-089-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Small+Arms+Of+World+War+II&rft.place=London+%28UK%29&rft.pub=Brown+Partworks&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-84044-089-8&rft.aulast=Chant&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord2005" class="citation book cs1">Ford, Roger (2005). The World's Great Machine Guns from 1860 to the Present Day. London: Amber Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84509-161-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84509-161-3"><bdi>978-1-84509-161-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Great+Machine+Guns+from+1860+to+the+Present+Day&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Amber+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84509-161-3&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlanfield2001" class="citation book cs1">Glanfield, John (2001). The Devil's Chariots – The Birth and Secret Battles of the first Tanks. Stroud: Sutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-4152-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-4152-5"><bdi>978-0-7509-4152-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Devil%27s+Chariots+%E2%80%93+The+Birth+and+Secret+Battles+of+the+first+Tanks&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Sutton&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7509-4152-5&rft.aulast=Glanfield&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2014" class="citation book cs1">Grant, Neil (2014). The Lewis Gun. Oxford (UK): Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78200-791-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78200-791-3"><bdi>978-1-78200-791-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lewis+Gun&rft.place=Oxford+%28UK%29&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78200-791-3&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHogg1978" class="citation book cs1">Hogg, Ian V. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completeillustra00ianv">The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of the World's Firearm</a>. A&W. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89479-031-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89479-031-7"><bdi>978-0-89479-031-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+the+World%27s+Firearm&rft.pub=A%26W&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-89479-031-7&rft.aulast=Hogg&rft.aufirst=Ian+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompleteillustra00ianv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoggBatchelor1976" class="citation book cs1">Hogg, Ian V.; Batchelor, John (1976). The Machine-Gun (Purnell's History of the World Wars Special). London: Phoebus.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Machine-Gun+%28Purnell%27s+History+of+the+World+Wars+Special%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Phoebus&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Hogg&rft.aufirst=Ian+V.&rft.au=Batchelor%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkennerton1988" class="citation book cs1">Skennerton, Ian (1988). British Small Arms of World War 2. Margate QLD (Australia): Ian Skennerton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-949749-09-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-949749-09-3"><bdi>978-0-949749-09-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Small+Arms+of+World+War+2&rft.place=Margate+QLD+%28Australia%29&rft.pub=Ian+Skennerton&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-949749-09-3&rft.aulast=Skennerton&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkennerton2001" class="citation book cs1">Skennerton, Ian (2001). .303 Lewis Machine Gun. Small Arms Identification Series. Gold Coast QLD (Australia): Arms & Militaria Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-949749-42-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-949749-42-0"><bdi>978-0-949749-42-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=.303+Lewis+Machine+Gun&rft.place=Gold+Coast+QLD+%28Australia%29&rft.series=Small+Arms+Identification+Series&rft.pub=Arms+%26+Militaria+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-949749-42-0&rft.aulast=Skennerton&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1973" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Joseph E. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/smallarmsofworld00smit">Small Arms of the World</a> (10th Rev. ed.). Harrisburg PA (USA): Stackpole Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88365-155-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88365-155-1"><bdi>978-0-88365-155-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Small+Arms+of+the+World&rft.place=Harrisburg+PA+%28USA%29&rft.edition=10th+Rev.&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-88365-155-1&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Joseph+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsmallarmsofworld00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1943" class="citation book cs1">Smith, W. H. B. (1979) [1943]. 1943 Basic Manual of Military Small Arms (facs. ed.). Harrisburg PA (USA): Stackpole Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-1699-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-1699-4"><bdi>978-0-8117-1699-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1943+Basic+Manual+of+Military+Small+Arms&rft.place=Harrisburg+PA+%28USA%29&rft.edition=facs.&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-8117-1699-4&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=W.+H.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Textbook of Small Arms 1929 (repr. ed.). London (UK), Dural (NSW): Rick Landers: <a href="/wiki/HMSO" class="mw-redirect" title="HMSO">HMSO</a> for War Office. 1999 [1929]. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4976525">4976525</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textbook+of+Small+Arms+1929&rft.place=London+%28UK%29%2C+Dural+%28NSW%29%3A+Rick+Landers&rft.edition=repr.&rft.pub=HMSO+for+War+Office&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4976525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTownsend1916" class="citation journal cs1">Townsend, Reginald T. (December 1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lPAMVa7esS4C&pg=PA195">""Tanks" and "The Hose Of Death""</a>. <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Work" class="mw-redirect" title="World's Work">The World's Work: A History of Our Time</a>. XXXIII: 195–207. Retrieved 4 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World%27s+Work%3A+A+History+of+Our+Time&rft.atitle=%22Tanks%22+and+%22The+Hose+Of+Death%22&rft.volume=XXXIII&rft.pages=195-207&rft.date=1916-12&rft.aulast=Townsend&rft.aufirst=Reginald+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlPAMVa7esS4C%26pg%3DPA195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_gun&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEasterly1998" class="citation book cs1">McCleave Easterly, William (1998). The Belgian Rattlesnake: The Lewis Automatic Machine Gun: A Social and Technical Biography of the Gun and Its Inventors. Collector Grade. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88935-236-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88935-236-0"><bdi>978-0-88935-236-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Belgian+Rattlesnake%3A+The+Lewis+Automatic+Machine+Gun%3A+A+Social+and+Technical+Biography+of+the+Gun+and+Its+Inventors&rft.pub=Collector+Grade&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-88935-236-0&rft.aulast=McCleave+Easterly&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALewis+gun" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_gun&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Gun" class="extiw" title="commons:Lewis Gun">Lewis Gun</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fenrir.com/free_stuff/lewis/index.htm#index">Scans of Lewis gun manual of 1917</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090227162331/http://world.guns.ru/machine/mg66-e.htm">Lewis light machine gun (USA – Great Britain)</a> at Modern Firearms</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/Colt_M1892" title="Colt M1892">Colt M1892 series revolvers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">Rifles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M1903_Springfield" title="M1903 Springfield">M1903 Springfield</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedersen_device" title="Pedersen device">Pedersen Device</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1917_Enfield" title="M1917 Enfield">M1917 Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthier_rifle" title="Berthier rifle">Berthier rifle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">Machine guns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Light_machine_gun" title="Light machine gun">Light machine guns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chauchat" title="Chauchat">Chauchat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1918_Browning_automatic_rifle" title="M1918 Browning automatic rifle">M1918 BAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_M1909_Ben%C3%A9t%E2%80%93Merci%C3%A9_machine_gun" title="Hotchkiss M1909 Benét–Mercié machine gun">M1909 Benét–Mercié</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lewis gun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_machine_gun" title="Heavy machine gun">Heavy machine guns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M1895_Colt%E2%80%93Browning_machine_gun" title="M1895 Colt–Browning machine gun">M1895 Colt–Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_Mle_1914_machine_gun" title="Hotchkiss Mle 1914 machine gun">M1914 Hotchkiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_machine_gun#Colt–Vickers_M1915" title="Vickers machine gun">Colt–Vickers M1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1917_Browning_machine_gun" title="M1917 Browning machine gun">M1917 Browning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Shotgun" title="Shotgun">Shotguns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_Model_1897" title="Winchester Model 1897">Winchester Model 1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_Model_1912" title="Winchester Model 1912">Winchester Model 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browning_Auto-5" title="Browning Auto-5">Browning Auto-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remington_Model_10" title="Remington Model 10">Remington Model 10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Grenade" title="Grenade">Grenades</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F1_grenade_(France)" title="F1 grenade (France)">F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mills_bomb" title="Mills bomb">Mills bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mk_1_grenade" title="Mk 1 grenade">Mk 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mk_2_grenade" title="Mk 2 grenade">Mk 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MK3_grenade" title="MK3 grenade">Mk 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VB_rifle_grenade" title="VB rifle grenade">VB rifle grenade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">Cartridges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gauge_(firearms)" title="Gauge (firearms)">12 Gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.45_ACP" title=".45 ACP">.45 ACP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.45_Colt" title=".45 Colt">.45 Colt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.38_Long_Colt" title=".38 Long Colt">.38 Long Colt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.30-06_Springfield" title=".30-06 Springfield">.30-06 Springfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_Empire_small_arms_of_the_First_World_War" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWI_British_Empire_small_arms" title="Template:WWI British Empire small arms"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWI_British_Empire_small_arms" title="Template talk:WWI British Empire small arms"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWI_British_Empire_small_arms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWI British Empire small arms"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_Empire_small_arms_of_the_First_World_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> small arms of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">Rifles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Metford" title="Lee–Metford">Lee–Metford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Lee–Enfield">Magazine Lee-Enfield (MLE) rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Lee–Enfield">Short Magazine Lee–Enfield (SMLE) rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_1914_Enfield" title="Pattern 1914 Enfield">Pattern 1914 Enfield</a> rifle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_rifle" title="Ross rifle">Ross Rifle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Sidearm_(weapon)" title="Sidearm (weapon)">Sidearms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Webley_Revolver" title="Webley Revolver">Webley .455" Revolver Mk. IV–VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webley_Self-Loading_Pistol" title="Webley Self-Loading Pistol">Webley .455" Pistol Mk. I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colt_New_Service" title="Colt New Service">Colt New Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_%26_Wesson_Triple_Lock" title="Smith & Wesson Triple Lock">Smith & Wesson Triple Lock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Edged_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Edged weapon">Edged weapons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_1897_infantry_officer%27s_sword" title="Pattern 1897 infantry officer's sword">Pattern 1897 infantry officer's sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_1907_bayonet" title="Pattern 1907 bayonet">Pattern 1907 bayonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_1908_cavalry_sword" title="Pattern 1908 cavalry sword">Pattern 1908 cavalry sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_1907_bayonet#Pattern_1913_bayonet" title="Pattern 1907 bayonet">Pattern 1913 bayonet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">Machine guns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_gun" title="Maxim gun">Maxim gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_machine_gun" title="Vickers machine gun">Vickers machine gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_M1909_Ben%C3%A9t%E2%80%93Merci%C3%A9_machine_gun" title="Hotchkiss M1909 Benét–Mercié machine gun">Hotchkiss Mark I</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lewis gun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Hand_grenade" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand grenade">Hand grenades</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._1_grenade" title="No. 1 grenade">No. 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._2_grenade" title="No. 2 grenade">No. 2 Hales Pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hales_rifle_grenade" title="Hales rifle grenade">Nos. 3, 20, 24, 35 Hales rifle grenades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mills_bomb" title="Mills bomb">Nos. 5, 23, 36 Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._6_grenade" title="No. 6 grenade">No. 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam_tin_grenade" title="Jam tin grenade">Nos. 8, 9 Jam Tin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._13_Battye_grenade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 13 Battye grenade (page does not exist)">No. 13 Battye</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._14_Pitcher_grenade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 14 Pitcher grenade (page does not exist)">No. 14 Pitcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._15_ball_grenade" title="No. 15 ball grenade">No. 15 Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._15_ball_grenade#No_16_Oval_grenade" title="No. 15 ball grenade">No. 16 Oval</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._17_grenade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 17 grenade (page does not exist)">No. 17 Opera hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._1_grenade" title="No. 1 grenade">No. 18</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._19_grenade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 19 grenade (page does not exist)">No. 19</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._21_grenade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 21 grenade (page does not exist)">No. 21 "Spherical"</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._22_grenade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 22 grenade (page does not exist)">No. 22 Newton-Pippin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._25_grenade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 25 grenade (page does not exist)">No. 25 Sangster</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._27_grenade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 27 grenade (page does not exist)">No. 27</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._28_grenade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 28 grenade (page does not exist)">No. 28 Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._29_grenade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 29 grenade (page does not exist)">No. 29 Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._31_grenade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 31 grenade (page does not exist)">No. 31 Day Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._32_grenade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 32 grenade (page does not exist)">No. 32 Night Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._33_grenade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 33 grenade (page does not exist)">No. 32 "Spherical E"</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._34_grenade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 34 grenade (page does not exist)">No. 34 Egg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._37_grenade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 37 grenade (page does not exist)">No. 37</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=No._39_grenade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 39 grenade (page does not exist)">No. 39 Steuart Pattern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">Mortars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_1.57-inch_mortar" class="mw-redirect" title="Vickers 1.57-inch mortar">Vickers 1.57-inch mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-inch_medium_mortar" title="2-inch medium mortar">2-inch medium mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garland_trench_mortar" title="Garland trench mortar">Garland trench mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokes_mortar" title="Stokes mortar">3-inch Stokes mortar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Grenade_launcher" title="Grenade launcher">Grenade launchers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leach_trench_catapult" title="Leach trench catapult">Leach trench catapult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Spring_Gun" title="West Spring Gun">West Spring Gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauterelle" title="Sauterelle">Sauterelle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">Cartridges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.303_British" title=".303 British">.303 British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.455_Webley" title=".455 Webley">.455 Webley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_Commonwealth_small_arms_of_World_War_II_and_Korea" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WW2_Brit_Comm_infantry_guns" title="Template:WW2 Brit Comm infantry guns"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WW2_Brit_Comm_infantry_guns" title="Template talk:WW2 Brit Comm infantry guns"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WW2_Brit_Comm_infantry_guns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WW2 Brit Comm infantry guns"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_Commonwealth_small_arms_of_World_War_II_and_Korea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">British Commonwealth <a href="/wiki/Small_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Small arms">small arms</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korea</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Sidearm_(weapon)" title="Sidearm (weapon)">Sidearms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Webley_Revolver" title="Webley Revolver">Webley Mk IV & Mk VI Revolvers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enfield_No._2" title="Enfield No. 2">Enfield No. 2</a> Mk I Revolver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browning_Hi-Power" title="Browning Hi-Power">Browning P-35 "Hi-Power" pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1911_pistol" title="M1911 pistol">M1911/M1911A1 pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_%26_Wesson_Model_10" title="Smith & Wesson Model 10">Smith & Wesson "Victory" revolver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welrod" title="Welrod">Welrod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">Rifles</a> & <a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">submachine guns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Lee–Enfield">SMLE No. 1 Mk III* & Lee-Enfield No. 4 Mk.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_1914_Enfield" title="Pattern 1914 Enfield">Pattern 1914 Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_carbine" title="Jungle carbine">Lee–Enfield No.5 Mk.I "jungle carbine"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_rifle" title="Ross rifle">Ross Rifle Mk.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Lisle_carbine" title="De Lisle carbine">De Lisle Commando carbine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sten" title="Sten">Sten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanchester_submachine_gun" title="Lanchester submachine gun">Lanchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_submachine_gun" title="Sterling submachine gun">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_submachine_gun" title="Austen submachine gun">Austen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kokoda_submachine_gun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kokoda submachine gun (page does not exist)">Kokoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_gun" title="Owen gun">Owen gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Welgun" title="BSA Welgun">Welgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_submachine_gun" title="Thompson submachine gun">M1921/M1928/M1 Thompson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">Bayonets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_1907_bayonet" title="Pattern 1907 bayonet">Pattern 1907 bayonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_1907_bayonet#Pattern_1913_bayonet" title="Pattern 1907 bayonet">Pattern 1913 bayonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._4_bayonet" title="No. 4 bayonet">No. 4 bayonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._5_bayonet" title="No. 5 bayonet">No. 5 bayonet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">Machine-guns</a> & other larger weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besa_machine_gun" title="Besa machine gun">Besa machine gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bren_light_machine_gun" title="Bren light machine gun">Bren gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Automatic_Rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlton Automatic Rifle">Charlton Automatic Rifle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lewis gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_machine_gun" title="Vickers machine gun">Vickers MG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers%E2%80%93Berthier" title="Vickers–Berthier">Vickers–Berthier LMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_K_machine_gun" title="Vickers K machine gun">Vickers K gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIAT" title="PIAT">PIAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boys_anti-tank_rifle" title="Boys anti-tank rifle">Rifle, anti-tank, .55 in, Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blacker_Bombard" title="Blacker Bombard">29 mm spigot mortar "Blacker Bombard"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-inch_mortar" title="Two-inch mortar">SBML 2-inch mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northover_Projector" title="Northover Projector">Projector, 2½-inch Mk. II "Northover"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ML_3-inch_mortar" title="ML 3-inch mortar">ML 3-inch mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ML_4.2-inch_mortar" title="ML 4.2-inch mortar">ML 4.2-inch mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Gun" title="Smith Gun">3-inch Mk. I OSB gun "Smith gun"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamethrower,_Portable,_No_2" title="Flamethrower, Portable, No 2">No. 2 "Lifebuoy" flamethrower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Hand_grenade" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand grenade">Grenades</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:WW1and2_British_Grenades" title="Template:WW1and2 British Grenades">British grenades of WWI and WW2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mills_bomb" title="Mills bomb">Mills bomb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Small_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Small arms">Small arms</a> <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">cartridges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.303_British" title=".303 British">.303 British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9%C3%9719mm_Parabellum" title="9×19mm Parabellum">9mm Parabellum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.45_ACP" title=".45 ACP">.45 ACP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.455_Webley" title=".455 Webley">.455 Webley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.38_S%26W" title=".38 S&W">.38/200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.38_Special" title=".38 Special">.38 Special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.50_BMG" title=".50 BMG">.50 BMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.55_Boys" title=".55 Boys">.55 Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=15%C3%97104mm_Brno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15×104mm Brno (page does not exist)">15×104mm Brno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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88.085 1 Template:Infobox"," 7.67% 87.296 6 Template:Cite_magazine"," 6.84% 77.911 4 Template:Military_navigation"," 6.37% 72.559 1 Template:WWIUSInfWeaponsNav"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.621","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10942032,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbbott1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndersons2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBickel2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBruce2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBullock2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCanfield2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChant2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChapman1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCork2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDale2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDambītis2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDriver1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEasterly1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFletcher2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFord2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlanfield2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrant2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGriffith1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHogg1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoggBatchelor1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuon1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuon2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFImanTriharjantoWibowoAsmoro2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJowett2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhvostov1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLambertRoss1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeague_of_Nations1924\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeatherdale2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLyman2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoloneyMitchell\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPawlas2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeter2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPopenker2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSegel2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShih\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimpson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkennerton1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkennerton2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1943\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmithSmith1960\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStackO’Sullivan2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSumner2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomasCaballero_Jurado2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTownsend1916\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTruby1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTruby2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWindrow1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Quesada2015\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 33,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 14,\n [\"Commons\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 8,\n [\"EngvarB\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag\"] = 45,\n [\"Flagcountry\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 3,\n [\"Flagicon image\"] = 1,\n [\"Frac\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 3,\n [\"Harvp\"] = 11,\n [\"Ill\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox weapon\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 61,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 4,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"WW2 Brit Comm Infantry Guns\"] = 1,\n [\"WWI British Empire small arms\"] = 1,\n [\"WWIUSInfWeaponsNav\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-q4llr","timestamp":"20241124161443","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Lewis gun","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lewis_gun","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q373396","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q373396","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-06-05T23:03:50Z","dateModified":"2024-11-02T12:15:35Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d3\/Lewis_LMG.png","headline":"light machine gun"}</script> </body> </html>