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data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-1c1e6b9a-b29c-4788-b9e5-d8af282c7e13"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-1c1e6b9a-b29c-4788-b9e5-d8af282c7e13"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Lesley Rushton</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806738"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806738/Lifetime_occupational_exposures_and_chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease_risk_in_the_UK_Biobank_cohort"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lifetime occupational exposures and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk in the UK Biobank cohort" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117393401/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806738/Lifetime_occupational_exposures_and_chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease_risk_in_the_UK_Biobank_cohort">Lifetime occupational exposures and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk in the UK Biobank cohort</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Thorax</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background and aimOccupational exposures are important, preventable causes of COPD. We previously...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background and aimOccupational exposures are important, preventable causes of COPD. We previously found an increased risk of COPD among six occupations by analysing lifetime job histories and lung function data in the population-based UK Biobank cohort. We aimed to build on these findings and elucidate the underlying potential causal agents to focus preventive strategies.MethodsWe applied the ALOHA+job exposure matrix (JEM) based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations V.1988 codes, where exposure to 12 selected agents was rated as 0 (no exposure), 1 (low) or 2 (high). COPD was spirometrically defined as FEV1/FVC less than the lower limit of normal. We calculated semiquantitative cumulative exposure estimates for each agent by multiplying the duration of exposure and squared intensity. Prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% CI for COPD were estimated using robust Poisson regression adjusted for centre, sex, age, smoking and coexposure to JEM agents. Only associations conf...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="11b357f2eb1776cad3868f1f036cd082" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117393401,"asset_id":122806738,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117393401/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806738"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806738"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806738; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806737"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806737/Job_exposure_matrix_development_for_SOC_2000_occupational_codes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Job exposure matrix development for SOC 2000 occupational codes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117393398/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806737/Job_exposure_matrix_development_for_SOC_2000_occupational_codes">Job exposure matrix development for SOC 2000 occupational codes</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Respiratory Journal</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Introduction: Workplace exposures cause a significant proportion of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Introduction: Workplace exposures cause a significant proportion of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Population based studies can improve the understanding of this causal relationship, but are limited in their use by difficulties in accurately defining relevant inhaled workplace exposures. Methods: A SOC 2000 job exposure matrix (JEM) was developed. For each of the 359 four digit codes, the likelihood of exposures to gases, vapours, fumes, fibres, dusts, mists and allergens (GVFFDMA) was assigned as either exposed or unexposed. Four expert raters independently rated exposures and gained consensus over four rounds of exposure classification. Results: 194 (54%) of the SOC codes were assigned as exposed to at least one of the pre-defined categories (GVFFDMA), and 165 codes (46% of the total) were assigned as not exposed. Sixty five codes (18.1%) were assigned as exposed to gases, 83 (23.1%) to vapours, 98 (27.3%) to fumes, 29 (8.1%) to fibres, 153 (42.6%) to dusts and 61 (...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="71e630a0304c8320dbc38595741fe401" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117393398,"asset_id":122806737,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117393398/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806737"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806737"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806737; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806736"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806736/Health_Impact_of_Environmental_Tobacco_Smoke_in_the_Horne"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Health Impact of Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the Horne" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806736/Health_Impact_of_Environmental_Tobacco_Smoke_in_the_Horne">Health Impact of Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the Horne</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Reviews on Environmental Health</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) can be a major constituent of air pollution in indoor environme...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) can be a major constituent of air pollution in indoor environments, including the home. Regulation on smoking in the workplace and public places has made the home the dominant unregulated source of ETS, with important potential impacts on children. Between 40% and 60% of cbildren in the United Kingdom are exposed to ETS in the home. Many experimental and human and studies have investigated the adverse health effects of ETS. Substantial evidence shows that in adults ETS is associated with increased risk of chronic respiratory illness, including lung cancer, nasal cancer, and cardiovascular disease. In children, ETS increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, middle ear disease, lower respiratory tract illness, prevalence of wheeze and cough, and exacerbates asthma. Although banning smoking in the home would be the optimal reduction strategy, several barrier and ventilation methods can be effective. Nevertheless, such methods are not always pr...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806736"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806736"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806736; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806736]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806736]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806736; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122806736']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122806736]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122806736,"title":"Health Impact of Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the Horne","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122806736/Health_Impact_of_Environmental_Tobacco_Smoke_in_the_Horne","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806735"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806735/Occupational_exposure_to_inhaled_pollutants_and_risk_of_airflow_obstruction_a_large_UK_population_based_UK_Biobank_cohort"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Occupational exposure to inhaled pollutants and risk of airflow obstruction: a large UK population-based UK Biobank cohort" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117393397/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806735/Occupational_exposure_to_inhaled_pollutants_and_risk_of_airflow_obstruction_a_large_UK_population_based_UK_Biobank_cohort">Occupational exposure to inhaled pollutants and risk of airflow obstruction: a large UK population-based UK Biobank cohort</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Thorax</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">BackgroundAlthough around 10% to 15% of COPD burden can be attributed to workplace exposures, lit...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">BackgroundAlthough around 10% to 15% of COPD burden can be attributed to workplace exposures, little is known about the role of different airborne occupational pollutants (AOP). The main aim of the study was to assess the effect size of the relationship between various AOP, their level and duration of exposure with airflow obstruction (AFO).MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 228 614 participants from the UK Biobank study who were assigned occupational exposure using a job exposure matrix blinded to health outcome. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CI for the risk of AFO for ever and years of exposure to AOPs were estimated using robust Poisson model. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for never-smokers, non-asthmatic and bi-pollutant model.ResultsOf 228 614 participants, 77 027 (33.7%) were exposed to at least one AOP form. 35.5% of the AFO cases were exposed to vapours, gases, dusts or fumes (VGDF) and 28.3% to dusts. High exposure to vapours increased the r...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="48d10cae7aa0a1734f1cd56180129888" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117393397,"asset_id":122806735,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117393397/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806735"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806735"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806735; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "48d10cae7aa0a1734f1cd56180129888" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122806735]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122806735,"title":"Occupational exposure to inhaled pollutants and risk of airflow obstruction: a large UK population-based UK Biobank cohort","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122806735/Occupational_exposure_to_inhaled_pollutants_and_risk_of_airflow_obstruction_a_large_UK_population_based_UK_Biobank_cohort","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[{"id":117393397,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117393397/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"468.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117393397/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Occupational_exposure_to_inhaled_polluta.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117393397/468.full-libre.pdf?1723474213=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOccupational_exposure_to_inhaled_polluta.pdf\u0026Expires=1739852409\u0026Signature=Winm3Itn0Rct8~7cTVBaqvaHWP56ArVuaTJNBV6nceMWIME3LnCuyf2YFhbsIfElFORRByRbeQn2cWNFwh~Ot7Lw4~mpf-E9pFs-D-vbmybeXo3d3T93aDB17wtcO1khWknz83n0xcB-NnyUXmvD2quzzeyOC7OJ8Vio3M03qzQ7XyNVX1oyb9zD6q0FUlDLhWeBf4ddjO16Mki9mI3ZgQ5eIExwx2Q1OscTkq7t84WgpTAYaG1YLKlJgPOVEXIoZJQxs9WBxwB3cOyr0zFCAPzxcHTOfqXadPKTvnco2Z~sVYllx~wdW~hy6FfUV2z~TVsLJBztQ4jxsMTWMnN7hg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806734"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806734/Private_funding_of_elective_hospital_treatment_in_England_and_Wales_1997_8_national_survey"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Private funding of elective hospital treatment in England and Wales, 1997-8: national survey" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117393399/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806734/Private_funding_of_elective_hospital_treatment_in_England_and_Wales_1997_8_national_survey">Private funding of elective hospital treatment in England and Wales, 1997-8: national survey</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>BMJ</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We dedicate this paper to the memory of our coauthor Zachary Johnson. Contributors: AWM had the o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We dedicate this paper to the memory of our coauthor Zachary Johnson. Contributors: AWM had the original idea for the study, participated in interpreting data and writing the article, and is the guarantor for the study. PKP discussed core ideas, organised data analysis, and participated in interpreting data and writing the article. GB discussed core ideas and participated in interpreting data and writing the article. CL, FL, and ZJ participated in data retrieval and analysis. JW participated in interpreting data and writing the article.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="00c1ca9ee91571f2dfe72764eff7ed44" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117393399,"asset_id":122806734,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117393399/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806734"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806734"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806734; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806733"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806733/Work_related_COPD_risk_in_the_population_based_UK_Biobank_cohort_study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Work-related COPD risk in the population-based UK Biobank cohort study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806733/Work_related_COPD_risk_in_the_population_based_UK_Biobank_cohort_study">Work-related COPD risk in the population-based UK Biobank cohort study</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Respiratory Journal</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: COPD is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Occupational hazards may be...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: COPD is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Occupational hazards may be important risk factors. However, the population burden of work-related COPD is uncertain. Aims and objectives: To investigate the association between occupations and COPD risk in the large population-based UK Biobank study taking into account potential confounders, in particular tobacco smoking. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in the population-based UK Biobank cohort, including 502,682 subjects, aged 40-69 years, recruited in 2006-2010. COPD cases were spirometry-defined as FEV1/FVC&lt;LLN according to ATS/ERS guidelines. Individual current occupation was coded using the Standard Occupation Classification (SOC) 2000. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and relative 95%confidence intervals (CIs) of COPD for each SOC-coded job were estimated using a robust Poisson model adjusted for sex, age, study centre and lifetime tobacco smoking. Results: Among the 353 SOC-coded jobs evaluated, 15 showed an increased COPD risk. In particular, Seafarers (PR=2.64;95%CI:1.59-4.38), Cleaners (Industrial:PR=1.96;95%CI:1.16-3.31 and Domestic:PR=1.43;95%CI:1.28-1.59), Roofers/tilers (PR=1.86;95%CI:1.29-2.67), Packers/bottlers/canners/fillers (PR=1.60;95%CI:1.15-2.22), Postal workers/couriers (PR=1.35;95%CI:1.15-1.59); School mid-day assistants (PR=1.32;95%CI:1.01-1.74), and Kitchen/catering assistants (PR=1.30;95%CI:1.10-1.53). These results were essentially confirmed in analyses restricted to never smokers and to subjects never reporting asthma. Conclusions: Selected occupations are associated with increased COPD risk in a large population-based UK study. Respiratory health surveillance among these occupations should be strengthened.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806733"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806733"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806733; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806733]").text(description); 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122806733]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122806733,"title":"Work-related COPD risk in the population-based UK Biobank cohort study","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122806733/Work_related_COPD_risk_in_the_population_based_UK_Biobank_cohort_study","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806732"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806732/S1_A_New_Efficient_Web_based_Tool_To_Collect_And_Code_Lifetime_Job_Histories_In_Large_Population_based_Studies_The_Copd_Project_In_The_Uk_Biobank_Cohort"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of S1 A New, Efficient Web-based Tool To Collect And Code Lifetime Job Histories In Large Population-based Studies: The Copd Project In The Uk Biobank Cohort" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117393396/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806732/S1_A_New_Efficient_Web_based_Tool_To_Collect_And_Code_Lifetime_Job_Histories_In_Large_Population_based_Studies_The_Copd_Project_In_The_Uk_Biobank_Cohort">S1 A New, Efficient Web-based Tool To Collect And Code Lifetime Job Histories In Large Population-based Studies: The Copd Project In The Uk Biobank Cohort</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Thorax</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6332b86e8a95ea21c6bc5333303cc8ec" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117393396,"asset_id":122806732,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117393396/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806732"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806732"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806732; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806732]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806732]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806732; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122806732']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806731"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806731/Retrospective_exposure_assessment_in_environmental_epidemiology"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Retrospective exposure assessment in environmental epidemiology" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806731/Retrospective_exposure_assessment_in_environmental_epidemiology">Retrospective exposure assessment in environmental epidemiology</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Occupational and environmental medicine</span><span>, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Lack of exposure data is the most commonly cited factor preventing identification of causal assoc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Lack of exposure data is the most commonly cited factor preventing identification of causal association between environmental and occupational risk factors and health effects.1 Environmental exposure assessment presents more challenges than occupational exposure assessment, particularly when carried out retrospectively; large proportions of populations exposed to low levels of ubiquitous substances make consideration of all possible sources of exposure necessary. Brosselin et al in their study of acute childhood leukaemia ( see page 598 ) used a questionnaire to collect information on businesses in the vicinity of the home from pregnancy to date of diagnosis, focusing on proximity to repair garages and petrol stations.2 They find a significant association with ever having lived in proximity to these two businesses and suggest that benzene exposure may be a putative factor. Occupational studies have shown a clear relationship between acute non-lymphoid leukaemia and high levels of benzene exposure and have served as a basis for risk assessment and regulatory rule making.3 4 A more common scenario such as that in the study by Brosselin et al , is more …</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806731"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806731"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806731; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806731]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806731]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806731; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122806731']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122806731]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122806731,"title":"Retrospective exposure assessment in environmental epidemiology","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122806731/Retrospective_exposure_assessment_in_environmental_epidemiology","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806729"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806729/Interspecies_extrapolation_in_environmental_exposure_standard_setting_A_Bayesian_synthesis_approach"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Interspecies extrapolation in environmental exposure standard setting: A Bayesian synthesis approach" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806729/Interspecies_extrapolation_in_environmental_exposure_standard_setting_A_Bayesian_synthesis_approach">Interspecies extrapolation in environmental exposure standard setting: A Bayesian synthesis approach</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology</span><span>, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Currently the extrapolation of evidence from studies of non-human species to the setting of envir...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Currently the extrapolation of evidence from studies of non-human species to the setting of environmental exposure standards for humans includes the imposition of a variety of uncertainty factors reflecting unknown aspects of the procedure, including the relevance of evidence from one species to impacts in another. This paper develops and explores more flexible modelling of aspects of this extrapolation, using models proposed by DuMouchel [DuMouchel, W.H., Harris, J.E., 1983. Bayes methods for combining the results of cancer studies in humans and other species (with comment). J. Am. Statist. Assoc. 78, 293-308.] The approaches are based on Bayesian meta-analysis methods involving explicit modelling of relevance in the prior distributions, estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. The methods are applied to evidence relating chlorinated by-products exposure to adverse reproductive health effects. The relative merits of various approaches are discussed, and developments and next steps are outlined.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806729"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806729"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806729; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806729]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806729]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806729; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122806729']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122806729]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122806729,"title":"Interspecies extrapolation in environmental exposure standard setting: A Bayesian synthesis approach","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122806729/Interspecies_extrapolation_in_environmental_exposure_standard_setting_A_Bayesian_synthesis_approach","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806728"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806728/Impact_of_private_funding_on_access_to_elective_hospital_treatment_in_the_regions_of_England_and_Wales_National_records_survey"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Impact of private funding on access to elective hospital treatment in the regions of England and Wales: National records survey" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117393395/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806728/Impact_of_private_funding_on_access_to_elective_hospital_treatment_in_the_regions_of_England_and_Wales_National_records_survey">Impact of private funding on access to elective hospital treatment in the regions of England and Wales: National records survey</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The European Journal of Public Health</span><span>, 2001</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: The UK National Health Service aims to match access to health care to the level of ne...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: The UK National Health Service aims to match access to health care to the level of need and to reduce inequalities in the health of sub-populations. One in ten persons have private medical insurance (PMI). This study describes the impact of private purchasing on access to hospital care in regions according to health need. Method: Details of admissions to NHS hospitals in one year and waiting times were obtained from the government's Hospital Episodes Statistics, and of patients in independent hospitals through weighted time samples of records. Data were combined into two groups, state funded and privately funded patients. The prevalence of limiting longstanding illness and the proportions of individuals covered by PMI in Wales and the eight English health regions were obtained from the General Household Survey. Correlation coefficients were calculated for inter-regional relationships between measures of need, provision of resources and levels of activity. Results: Limiting, longstanding illness was significantly associated with NHS resource levels, NHS hospital activity, and total hospital activity, however funded; and inversely with PMI coverage, waiting times for NHS admission and levels of privately funded activity. Waiting times for admission were positively correlated with PMI coverage. Conclusions: Regionally, NHS resources and activity match need. Private hospital use complements lower levels of NHS service. Private consumption does not distort access according to need but in regions with lower levels of NHS activity those least deprived may make relatively more use of NHS hospitals, thus widening the health gap. Small area studies should explore this.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5a092f74ce14e0838d2fdad39df66989" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117393395,"asset_id":122806728,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117393395/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806728"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806728"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806728; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806728]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806728]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806728; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122806728']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5a092f74ce14e0838d2fdad39df66989" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122806728]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122806728,"title":"Impact of private funding on access to elective hospital treatment in the regions of England and Wales: National records survey","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122806728/Impact_of_private_funding_on_access_to_elective_hospital_treatment_in_the_regions_of_England_and_Wales_National_records_survey","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[{"id":117393395,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117393395/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"11-4-402.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117393395/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Impact_of_private_funding_on_access_to_e.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117393395/11-4-402-libre.pdf?1723474214=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DImpact_of_private_funding_on_access_to_e.pdf\u0026Expires=1739852410\u0026Signature=FwRSlenn3Ah~WNfGqHLMhzuYVbw69wgKLYqh5TBqtHV4-GQKGkuSEw1hMh3-7WIDniIFLI0ZAva-n-f21UrH3onelJpO2ev2zU4xlQMT~eXcKQjcZ57FquhkQnynXrfdi1yuTDuutdvp6B-iZFiLDnu-GhzwBZ2l2q9fKT5NF0wmtq5czo1gclfNyUP-PUzPzDP8LbFYX3XWFN34PZGPLCZ3Y73QLk2vM6XU7NiA7~UgboCMBxAJuBQHEfmRgbOrauKE18cdxfsj~I0VYpoVq9Juv29sS0x2PxecFUXuXlyLb6Z240-0BVXsoC2N8TK~0PceUY9ixeTP9jhcLjddrw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806727"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806727/Pre_School_Wheeze_and_Particulate_Pollution_Looking_at_Two_Measures_of_Exposure"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Pre-School Wheeze and Particulate Pollution, Looking at Two Measures of Exposure" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806727/Pre_School_Wheeze_and_Particulate_Pollution_Looking_at_Two_Measures_of_Exposure">Pre-School Wheeze and Particulate Pollution, Looking at Two Measures of Exposure</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Epidemiology</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806727"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806727"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806727; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806727]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806727]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806727; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122806727']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122806727]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122806727,"title":"Pre-School Wheeze and Particulate Pollution, Looking at Two Measures of Exposure","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122806727/Pre_School_Wheeze_and_Particulate_Pollution_Looking_at_Two_Measures_of_Exposure","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806726"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806726/Analysis_of_Repeated_Cross_Sectional_Surveys_of_Pre_School_Respiratory_Symptoms_and_Traffic_Related_Air_Pollution"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys, of Pre-School Respiratory Symptoms and Traffic-Related Air Pollution" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117393400/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806726/Analysis_of_Repeated_Cross_Sectional_Surveys_of_Pre_School_Respiratory_Symptoms_and_Traffic_Related_Air_Pollution">Analysis of Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys, of Pre-School Respiratory Symptoms and Traffic-Related Air Pollution</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Epidemiology</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Introduction: Traffic-related air pollution is associated with respiratory morbidity in school ag...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Introduction: Traffic-related air pollution is associated with respiratory morbidity in school age children. However, there is very little information on the effects of this pollution on younger children, the age at which problems start and whether problems in early childhood persist in later life. Aim: To determine if estimates of PM 10 exposure at the home address are associated with respiratory symptoms in young children and whether this association changes as the children get older. Methods: 4400 children were selected in a stratified random sample of local birth records and their parents were sent questionnaires in 1998 (children aged one to five), 2001 (aged four to eight) and again in 2003 (aged six to ten). The questionnaire asked about respiratory symptoms and relevant confounders. Logistic regression models were used to test the association between the respiratory symptoms and objective measures of exposure. The distance from home address to a major road (DHR) was used as a surrogate measure of PM 10 exposure. Results: Table 1: Association between distance to a major road (per 100m) and chronic respiratory symptoms during the past 12 months Symptoms Children Aged: Odds ratio (95% CI) 1998 (N‫)0143؍‬ 1-5 years 2001 (N‫)0852؍‬ 4-8 years 2003 (N‫)3512؍‬ 6-10 years</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="015d1ccb8d63611017517c3e3999f0cb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117393400,"asset_id":122806726,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117393400/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806726"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806726"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806726; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806726]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806726]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806726; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122806726']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122747066"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122747066/Occupational_cancer_in_Britain"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Occupational cancer in Britain" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117348548/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122747066/Occupational_cancer_in_Britain">Occupational cancer in Britain</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>British Journal of Cancer</span><span>, Jun 1, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">An approach using the attributable fraction (AF) has been developed to estimate the current burde...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">An approach using the attributable fraction (AF) has been developed to estimate the current burden of occupational cancer in Britain. The AF combines the relative risk (RR) associated with exposure with the proportion exposed. For each cancer-exposure pairing, the RR is selected from key epidemiological literature such as an industry, or population-based study, meta-analysis or review. The CARcinogen EXposure (CAREX) database provides point estimates for the number of workers exposed to a range of carcinogens; alternative sources are national surveys such as the Labour Force Survey and Census of Employment. The number of workers exposed are split between high and low exposure levels matched to appropriate RRs from the literature. The relevant period for cancer development during which exposure occurred is defined as the risk exposure period (REP). Estimation of the numbers ever exposed over the REP takes into account the changes in the number of people employed in primary and manufacturing industry and service sectors in Britain where appropriate, and adjustment is made for staff turnover over the period and for life expectancy. National estimates of the population ever of working age during the REP are used for the proportion denominator. Strategies have been developed to combine exposure AFs correctly while avoiding double counting and minimising bias. The AFs are applied to national cancer deaths and registrations to obtain occupation-attributable cancer numbers. The methods are adaptable for other diseases and other geographies, and are also adaptable to more sophisticated modelling if better exposure and dose-response data are available.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="164c4dccca7b6b2e6d0d282207c0d49b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117348548,"asset_id":122747066,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117348548/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122747066"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122747066"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122747066; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122747066]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122747066]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122747066; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122747066']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="120826836"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826836/Extensive_literature_search_as_preparatory_work_for_the_safety_assessment_for_caffeine"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Extensive literature search as preparatory work for the safety assessment for caffeine" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855072/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826836/Extensive_literature_search_as_preparatory_work_for_the_safety_assessment_for_caffeine">Extensive literature search as preparatory work for the safety assessment for caffeine</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>EFSA supporting publications</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Previous studies on the safety of caffeine have been published by the Scientific Committee on Foo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Previous studies on the safety of caffeine have been published by the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) in 1983, 1999 and 2003. In the latter assessment, the SCF concluded that caffeine would not exacerbate the adverse effects of alcohol. A recent study carried out by the Committee on toxicity of chemicals in food consumer products and the environment (COT) looked at any new data published since the SCF report and advised on the potential for interactions between caffeine and alcohol. Limited data prevented them assessing the effect of caffeine on the acute toxicity of alcohol. Overall, the committee concluded that, based on the current balance of evidence, there is no harmful toxicological or behavioural interaction between caffeine and alcohol. However, they stated that this opinion should be reviewed if new evidence emerges. In 2013, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was asked to evaluate potential adverse health effects that may arise following consumption either alone or in combination with alcohol and/or other substances such as energy drinks. Therefore, the objective of this project is to provide EFSA with an evidence base related to the adverse effects of caffeine, either alone or in combination with alcohol and/or other substances found in energy drinks in various population groups.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="29048c49acd745c769f378f18a7cbfb0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":115855072,"asset_id":120826836,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855072/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="120826836"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="120826836"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826836; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826836]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826836]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826836; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='120826836']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "29048c49acd745c769f378f18a7cbfb0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=120826836]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":120826836,"title":"Extensive literature search as preparatory work for the safety assessment for caffeine","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120826836/Extensive_literature_search_as_preparatory_work_for_the_safety_assessment_for_caffeine","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[{"id":115855072,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855072/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"sp.efsa.2015.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855072/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Extensive_literature_search_as_preparato.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/115855072/sp.efsa.2015-libre.pdf?1718030285=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExtensive_literature_search_as_preparato.pdf\u0026Expires=1739852410\u0026Signature=AZSVN~gWsmxQ8JuKAqED-hu2mCtAdVyEOXVbICo9alFDnjjzLxw0GBlzafJYgjybVQf0lBGtjwqTHO-BIgA-yA4Wn28VESJ~HfLOQzK-EIHlHxJY7nNP322opOb0a8qd-dlCeKkyBbjpThByKdygBmfiivhGxoObPiJy-7wSU9y82yBfYS~e1Ifn43ww2vMUD656shgnvRFOILekfVvV7vR7YRTCQ12aJ0JdsrtJvlma8tn9xluzPvqMI42FM8E9kVaMc-pddHpS~7n9hk7-QBzMlPCUt-DfkZmGgnkHuGLLPmnS~e4av~G~Vh3UDAikm89CbnneXXEcktQGmmzRlA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="120826835"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826835/Lessons_Learned_From_Presumptive_Condition_Lists_in_Veteran_Compensation_Systems"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lessons Learned From Presumptive Condition Lists in Veteran Compensation Systems" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855073/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826835/Lessons_Learned_From_Presumptive_Condition_Lists_in_Veteran_Compensation_Systems">Lessons Learned From Presumptive Condition Lists in Veteran Compensation Systems</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Frontiers in Public Health</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Presumptive condition lists formally accept connections between military factors and veteran heal...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Presumptive condition lists formally accept connections between military factors and veteran health conditions. An environmental scan of such lists and their evidentiary basis was conducted across four veterans&#39; administrations to inform other administrations considering the development of such lists. Information on included conditions, qualifying military factors, and scientific processes was obtained through targeted internet searches and correspondence with veterans&#39; administrations. The content of presumptive condition lists across jurisdictions varied by conditions included, as well as military eligibility requirements (e.g., service in particular conflict, context, or time period). Scientific review processes to develop lists also varied across jurisdictions. Findings indicate that evidence and experience may be leveraged across compensation systems (veteran and civilian). Ongoing research to understand links between military exposures and veteran health is recommended.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8f4a3506db4619e555040e9c396cda50" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":115855073,"asset_id":120826835,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855073/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="120826835"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="120826835"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826835; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826835]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826835]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826835; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='120826835']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="120826834"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826834/Does_the_Size_of_a_Company_Make_a_Difference_in_the_Prevalence_of_Exposure_to_Asthmagens_and_in_the_Use_of_Respiratory_Protective_Equipment"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Does the Size of a Company Make a Difference in the Prevalence of Exposure to Asthmagens and in the Use of Respiratory Protective Equipment?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855074/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826834/Does_the_Size_of_a_Company_Make_a_Difference_in_the_Prevalence_of_Exposure_to_Asthmagens_and_in_the_Use_of_Respiratory_Protective_Equipment">Does the Size of a Company Make a Difference in the Prevalence of Exposure to Asthmagens and in the Use of Respiratory Protective Equipment?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Annals of work exposures and health</span><span>, Jan 8, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">About half of all workers in high-income countries work in small companies. However, regulatory b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">About half of all workers in high-income countries work in small companies. However, regulatory bodies and researchers predominantly work with large companies because they are more convenient to study and easier to reach. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of exposure to asthmagens and the use of respiratory protective equipment (RPE) by company size. This analysis used data from the Australian Work Exposures Study-Asthma, a telephone survey which investigated exposure to 27 asthmagen groups. Among 4844 respondents, 18.8, 19.9, 31.9, and 29.4% of workers reported working in micro (&lt;5 employees), small (5-19 employees), medium (20-200 employees), and large (&gt;200 employees) companies, respectively. Compared to workers in large companies, workers in micro, small, or medium companies had higher prevalence of exposure to most asthmagens and lesser use of RPE. Our results suggest that policy actions and regulatory measures should target micro/small companies in order to have the gr...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2f5af3387a86824c080b62b2543ae3ce" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":115855074,"asset_id":120826834,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855074/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="120826834"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="120826834"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826834; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826834]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826834]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826834; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='120826834']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2f5af3387a86824c080b62b2543ae3ce" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=120826834]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":120826834,"title":"Does the Size of a Company Make a Difference in the Prevalence of Exposure to Asthmagens and in the Use of Respiratory Protective Equipment?","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120826834/Does_the_Size_of_a_Company_Make_a_Difference_in_the_Prevalence_of_Exposure_to_Asthmagens_and_in_the_Use_of_Respiratory_Protective_Equipment","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[{"id":115855074,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855074/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"wxy031.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855074/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Does_the_Size_of_a_Company_Make_a_Differ.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/115855074/wxy031-libre.pdf?1718030252=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDoes_the_Size_of_a_Company_Make_a_Differ.pdf\u0026Expires=1739852410\u0026Signature=Bl9QPNEPcqbTJHC5pCCcT-Iny9wffecRpGNgmYxWX3KFqEj96nuHnkN5rnktNEjfBl7We345tSiZuWDFDCFfpExb56yvImCmo6p-PQXmpGv2HkDPgID2OHyPvZJ9-3nGdQQlUnHP1BbA~aJXbDrdP7UQmrM-MDLrIOFCqbeRQon541xxITgxNtVGkmKSLmYngccp-BJ0IXTflU-HYDfewAMfLLAUi7L8f-Xe6~Bw5BGpFq3I4fGBIQ3ytZIQ53HgOCUh-n0z0-goSa5pHUDYSR5sAQk7aswWrIZ9HKZ2k5BiwAnPe7q3~EJYD0gX7kxask1l7mETScNHlkgkSDFOmg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="120826833"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826833/Extensive_literature_search_as_preparatory_work_for_the_safety_assessment_for_caffeine"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Extensive literature search as preparatory work for the safety assessment for caffeine" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855071/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826833/Extensive_literature_search_as_preparatory_work_for_the_safety_assessment_for_caffeine">Extensive literature search as preparatory work for the safety assessment for caffeine</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>EFSA Supporting Publications</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Previous studies on the safety of caffeine have been published by the Scientific Committee on Foo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Previous studies on the safety of caffeine have been published by the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) in 1983, 1999 and 2003. In the latter assessment, the SCF concluded that caffeine would not exacerbate the adverse effects of alcohol. A recent study carried out by the Committee on toxicity of chemicals in food consumer products and the environment (COT) looked at any new data published since the SCF report and advised on the potential for interactions between caffeine and alcohol. Limited data prevented them assessing the effect of caffeine on the acute toxicity of alcohol. Overall, the committee concluded that, based on the current balance of evidence, there is no harmful toxicological or behavioural interaction between caffeine and alcohol. However, they stated that this opinion should be reviewed if new evidence emerges. In 2013, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was asked to evaluate potential adverse health effects that may arise following consumption either alone or in combination with alcohol and/or other substances such as energy drinks. Therefore, the objective of this project is to provide EFSA with an evidence base related to the adverse effects of caffeine, either alone or in combination with alcohol and/or other substances found in energy drinks in various population groups.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d142e79ea82f28e1f822f40cf0090f00" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":115855071,"asset_id":120826833,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855071/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="120826833"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="120826833"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826833; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826833]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826833]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826833; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='120826833']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d142e79ea82f28e1f822f40cf0090f00" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=120826833]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":120826833,"title":"Extensive literature search as preparatory work for the safety assessment for caffeine","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120826833/Extensive_literature_search_as_preparatory_work_for_the_safety_assessment_for_caffeine","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[{"id":115855071,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855071/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"sp.efsa.2015.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855071/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Extensive_literature_search_as_preparato.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/115855071/sp.efsa.2015-libre.pdf?1718030294=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExtensive_literature_search_as_preparato.pdf\u0026Expires=1739852410\u0026Signature=bsnpFKDkEQlrmeN8d5-DToSJZr6nQIkWJ86ORyd6J3fO07rh1~VRZMtxmPxMp6LmSn0BkX~Fbj7QQL3biYhRr19Kziw7pCH-kwPLv6kNZYW0oIIQdo6HDiMoCO5IiGGNmCyNi8pEgPSoitmObuyN3VVHEUageqTgAzGALlIH~LMvZB6-PdZGuQFZoaSnbApZdp3pWJn~MeZsiNB0L4-5RSdRkNieBK9-7kBee3FQDIfCrr0Ynr4a39XG9bxn5PTi~i74UBBMEugxWDvfToxeysID8L6JIt6U2QMwIFa3ySFDn5CxJCbtZGiaKv2JRHuq7eaN3V4ANHijAW2Ee7KvPQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="120826832"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826832/Occupational_Cancer_Burden"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Occupational Cancer Burden" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826832/Occupational_Cancer_Burden">Occupational Cancer Burden</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Occupational Cancers</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Exposures encountered in the general environment and at work and the potential adverse health eff...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Exposures encountered in the general environment and at work and the potential adverse health effects arising from them are the topic of a large body of multidisciplinary research and of public concern. Investigation involves both knowledge of the source and nature of the hazard and an understanding of the relationship of the exposure to the disease. Epidemiological studies of industrial workforces have played an important role in the identification of carcinogens and the understanding of the etiology of cancer. The working environment should not be a place where there is a risk of disease or injury, yet many thousands of workers worldwide are exposed to hazardous substances at work every day. Although substances related to occupational cancer are often associated with chemical exposures, especially man-made, a wider definition is needed to encompass all patterns of working.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="120826832"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="120826832"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826832; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826832]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826832]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826832; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='120826832']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=120826832]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":120826832,"title":"Occupational Cancer Burden","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120826832/Occupational_Cancer_Burden","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="120826831"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826831/Patients_and_procedures_in_short_stay_independent_hospitals_in_England_and_Wales_1997_1998"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Patients and procedures in short-stay independent hospitals in England and Wales, 1997-1998" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855041/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826831/Patients_and_procedures_in_short_stay_independent_hospitals_in_England_and_Wales_1997_1998">Patients and procedures in short-stay independent hospitals in England and Wales, 1997-1998</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Public Health</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background Private hospitals' activities are not routinely reported, so what services they provid...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background Private hospitals' activities are not routinely reported, so what services they provide and for whom is not known. This study describes the clientele and case-mix of independent hospitals in England and Wales in 1997-1998. Method Person, clinical and funding data were collected on samples of patients admitted to 215 of 221 independent hospitals open in 1997-1998. Sample numbers were weighted to reflect sampling duration, region, season and non-response. Results A total of 37 434 sampled records represented 828 422 admissions: 406 843 in-patients (5 per cent fewer than in 1992-1993) and 421 580 day cases (69 per cent more); 806 509 were residents of England and Wales (up 24 per cent); 16 628 came from overseas (down 20 per cent). Numbers increased in all age groups except children; 25 per cent were 65 or over (18 per cent in 1992-1993). The commonest procedures were abortion (11 per cent), endoscopy of the gastro-intestinal tract (10 per cent) or joints (5 per cent), lens operations (5 per cent), hernia repairs (3 per cent), and other common National Health Service (NHS) elective operations. The NHS funded 84 561 patients (11 per cent of the total) including 41 942 non-abortion cases (6 per cent). A total of 540 996 (76 per cent) paid through insurance; 119 101 (17 per cent) were self-funded including 30 per cent of the over-75s. Ninety-five per cent of patients went home, 0.3 per cent died and 0.2 per cent were transferred to NHS hospitals. Conclusions Demand for short-stay independent hospital care is rising. The clientele is becoming older, and readier to pay out of pocket. Clinical activity is mainly surgical and similar to NHS elective surgical demand. One year's caseload equals 10 weeks' elective admissions to NHS hospitals, in that sense relieving the NHS. The scale of transfer to NHS hospitals (three per day) is small.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="97bd92575fdde03895f970874a2da01c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":115855041,"asset_id":120826831,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855041/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="120826831"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="120826831"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826831; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826831]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826831]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826831; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='120826831']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "97bd92575fdde03895f970874a2da01c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=120826831]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":120826831,"title":"Patients and procedures in short-stay independent hospitals in England and Wales, 1997-1998","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120826831/Patients_and_procedures_in_short_stay_independent_hospitals_in_England_and_Wales_1997_1998","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[{"id":115855041,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855041/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"220068.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855041/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Patients_and_procedures_in_short_stay_in.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/115855041/220068-libre.pdf?1718030252=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPatients_and_procedures_in_short_stay_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1739852410\u0026Signature=MIa~SVy8GNy3rpIXvf2QWGSXj78xSK2IrJHRBDV2fYXAqVA0iXznRH4YScphRNlujcRmPAdF4Y~kvS~PZ~cg0P~Owlq1B7jaaRuV776kk7KlRtsDX83zQvNyPBnbCbbIghuJTIs4vKf29j8pMNL8UJ-UQZ-1fupmdYa~qoOVmM5nGm~PYIUDAZ~dGfeeJmgSyWnz4yvc91GvMwZJL2U05RSv4-Yg58S4GfpLkl6aV9GjjBu9l1Vl5ShdplyZBeaLP4f4cuIkOhU-BlKEIWDSmfTX3yP52yJ4XJwFkNsPRp4qiVFlM1oB6s508sSw2ZcBdZA1AvUo679seE2YPyGUDw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":115855040,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855040/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"220068.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855040/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Patients_and_procedures_in_short_stay_in.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/115855040/220068-libre.pdf?1718030252=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPatients_and_procedures_in_short_stay_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1739852410\u0026Signature=VITjCl8Zvl6Puv4FzBYTFrDkLcxg~uhvT1HGop0eYy6QBA05VOGsJfJPSvC8XGr4t9ff7zkpsPpel0l5dYN0d4Ynp--28AOC27W3gAOSFoOAzBh5QeI40YofjZMV2B-n1FVSdfYMTrwVFCsDaSOBOQ0~uBPrcy1QmKTT2nAKiS6juDesGm8u-Rj1m78RluNwv~jXRPm9zohePmjKjcyT2u6aFAjD8Y6y5oWHoCVN227kfCkMQdE2HyHJt8jcwNMzW0gw9OTSE~Tq5iKBH7o961Mn6w56Nx0xnX-DmqmH6I8ay~fEaoCTcJqK9t5uHMgnESxb8RQ3bN44OPgKR97xcw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="120826830"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826830/O2_5_5_Estimation_of_the_burden_of_occupational_cancer_in_Great_Britain"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of O2-5.5 Estimation of the burden of occupational cancer in Great Britain" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855070/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826830/O2_5_5_Estimation_of_the_burden_of_occupational_cancer_in_Great_Britain">O2-5.5 Estimation of the burden of occupational cancer in Great Britain</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Epidemiology &amp; Community Health</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">studies were conducted in developing countries, most did not provide preferential access to resea...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">studies were conducted in developing countries, most did not provide preferential access to researchers from there. Conclusion A useful DAP should encompass complex issues ranging from ethical and legal to feasibility and practicability while remaining user-friendly to encourage collaboration. Giving consideration to researchers from countries involved in the study will promote international collaboration which will facilitate local research and enhance epidemiological knowledge.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="906e1a8e6da08aa9a18f66cf53e82b5b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":115855070,"asset_id":120826830,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855070/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="120826830"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="120826830"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826830; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826830]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826830]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826830; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='120826830']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "906e1a8e6da08aa9a18f66cf53e82b5b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=120826830]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":120826830,"title":"O2-5.5 Estimation of the burden of occupational cancer in Great Britain","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120826830/O2_5_5_Estimation_of_the_burden_of_occupational_cancer_in_Great_Britain","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[{"id":115855070,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855070/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"A28.1.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855070/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"O2_5_5_Estimation_of_the_burden_of_occup.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/115855070/A28.1.full-libre.pdf?1718030249=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DO2_5_5_Estimation_of_the_burden_of_occup.pdf\u0026Expires=1739852410\u0026Signature=ABDdw77Syxee0V0Vfc3ayzfCp8ymf76eisQXzjPuzgUnJe8Sc8whrFpRdtDsNqpqYcsqUxsKLyPaJ7HzMZjSl~CQkpyczPRB1tA-7yZYN5NyJnEIahprDCuMyUiRLE0ZswFtt24VEjTafqNFBPujh1a5r3-JVzPFp11Fc1Pj2YMrSSyNalw17NE3zivKB3Zl842giwVoWAdw617C0XyYwz2eGW~2cg0yOugHgCLMPibRNptbz1bnACaUbZ4suQnFhWhzNhxqZjUZwv9jXbwgMgW66WEHAfScoAPTG3nP5-k4BUIQZQnxNEH3y6ZcQyEIDR40dPYBXqGFPp4eOp74QQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="3126584" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806738"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806738/Lifetime_occupational_exposures_and_chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease_risk_in_the_UK_Biobank_cohort"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lifetime occupational exposures and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk in the UK Biobank cohort" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117393401/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806738/Lifetime_occupational_exposures_and_chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease_risk_in_the_UK_Biobank_cohort">Lifetime occupational exposures and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk in the UK Biobank cohort</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Thorax</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background and aimOccupational exposures are important, preventable causes of COPD. We previously...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background and aimOccupational exposures are important, preventable causes of COPD. We previously found an increased risk of COPD among six occupations by analysing lifetime job histories and lung function data in the population-based UK Biobank cohort. We aimed to build on these findings and elucidate the underlying potential causal agents to focus preventive strategies.MethodsWe applied the ALOHA+job exposure matrix (JEM) based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations V.1988 codes, where exposure to 12 selected agents was rated as 0 (no exposure), 1 (low) or 2 (high). COPD was spirometrically defined as FEV1/FVC less than the lower limit of normal. We calculated semiquantitative cumulative exposure estimates for each agent by multiplying the duration of exposure and squared intensity. Prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% CI for COPD were estimated using robust Poisson regression adjusted for centre, sex, age, smoking and coexposure to JEM agents. Only associations conf...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="11b357f2eb1776cad3868f1f036cd082" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117393401,"asset_id":122806738,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117393401/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806738"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806738"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806738; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806738]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806738]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806738; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122806738']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806737"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806737/Job_exposure_matrix_development_for_SOC_2000_occupational_codes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Job exposure matrix development for SOC 2000 occupational codes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117393398/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806737/Job_exposure_matrix_development_for_SOC_2000_occupational_codes">Job exposure matrix development for SOC 2000 occupational codes</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Respiratory Journal</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Introduction: Workplace exposures cause a significant proportion of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Introduction: Workplace exposures cause a significant proportion of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Population based studies can improve the understanding of this causal relationship, but are limited in their use by difficulties in accurately defining relevant inhaled workplace exposures. Methods: A SOC 2000 job exposure matrix (JEM) was developed. For each of the 359 four digit codes, the likelihood of exposures to gases, vapours, fumes, fibres, dusts, mists and allergens (GVFFDMA) was assigned as either exposed or unexposed. Four expert raters independently rated exposures and gained consensus over four rounds of exposure classification. Results: 194 (54%) of the SOC codes were assigned as exposed to at least one of the pre-defined categories (GVFFDMA), and 165 codes (46% of the total) were assigned as not exposed. Sixty five codes (18.1%) were assigned as exposed to gases, 83 (23.1%) to vapours, 98 (27.3%) to fumes, 29 (8.1%) to fibres, 153 (42.6%) to dusts and 61 (...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="71e630a0304c8320dbc38595741fe401" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117393398,"asset_id":122806737,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117393398/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806737"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806737"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806737; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "71e630a0304c8320dbc38595741fe401" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122806737]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122806737,"title":"Job exposure matrix development for SOC 2000 occupational codes","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122806737/Job_exposure_matrix_development_for_SOC_2000_occupational_codes","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[{"id":117393398,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117393398/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"P996.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117393398/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Job_exposure_matrix_development_for_SOC.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117393398/P996.full-libre.pdf?1723474207=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DJob_exposure_matrix_development_for_SOC.pdf\u0026Expires=1739852409\u0026Signature=brivwu2vM-4wo5wzzhj0VEMFIFCeL0Q5MOCjA-F204v9wIqtvbXWAFn775t9OhEQWyDIbeDVvpexssL8npQM-l8f-bq3Z4pnUt9MuHNkzA~W6GCbNJqj8mh5hkE~Kl11-1nYf9rBBxcevx5qKBzahA1FsEwA~aUVboSrCVg~8XYAs1emI7MN7OQb7L4MaNLDeQfPZjX60QZxTp1YWhg904Y~AMOe86ueN5AWb0hNzPtdOc9qnTLHTfQas0eJ61W2z74ZQkXzLxfy5mpvpKY0gE4UXPv4Y4vS5HjEKKqHKEPbNRqjXQJn6BcC3fmxMPjs5R77Yya3Q1ificHEju35BA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806736"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806736/Health_Impact_of_Environmental_Tobacco_Smoke_in_the_Horne"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Health Impact of Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the Horne" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806736/Health_Impact_of_Environmental_Tobacco_Smoke_in_the_Horne">Health Impact of Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the Horne</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Reviews on Environmental Health</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) can be a major constituent of air pollution in indoor environme...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) can be a major constituent of air pollution in indoor environments, including the home. Regulation on smoking in the workplace and public places has made the home the dominant unregulated source of ETS, with important potential impacts on children. Between 40% and 60% of cbildren in the United Kingdom are exposed to ETS in the home. Many experimental and human and studies have investigated the adverse health effects of ETS. Substantial evidence shows that in adults ETS is associated with increased risk of chronic respiratory illness, including lung cancer, nasal cancer, and cardiovascular disease. In children, ETS increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, middle ear disease, lower respiratory tract illness, prevalence of wheeze and cough, and exacerbates asthma. Although banning smoking in the home would be the optimal reduction strategy, several barrier and ventilation methods can be effective. Nevertheless, such methods are not always pr...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806736"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806736"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806736; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806736]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806736]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806736; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122806736']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122806736]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122806736,"title":"Health Impact of Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the Horne","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122806736/Health_Impact_of_Environmental_Tobacco_Smoke_in_the_Horne","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806735"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806735/Occupational_exposure_to_inhaled_pollutants_and_risk_of_airflow_obstruction_a_large_UK_population_based_UK_Biobank_cohort"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Occupational exposure to inhaled pollutants and risk of airflow obstruction: a large UK population-based UK Biobank cohort" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117393397/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806735/Occupational_exposure_to_inhaled_pollutants_and_risk_of_airflow_obstruction_a_large_UK_population_based_UK_Biobank_cohort">Occupational exposure to inhaled pollutants and risk of airflow obstruction: a large UK population-based UK Biobank cohort</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Thorax</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">BackgroundAlthough around 10% to 15% of COPD burden can be attributed to workplace exposures, lit...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">BackgroundAlthough around 10% to 15% of COPD burden can be attributed to workplace exposures, little is known about the role of different airborne occupational pollutants (AOP). The main aim of the study was to assess the effect size of the relationship between various AOP, their level and duration of exposure with airflow obstruction (AFO).MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 228 614 participants from the UK Biobank study who were assigned occupational exposure using a job exposure matrix blinded to health outcome. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CI for the risk of AFO for ever and years of exposure to AOPs were estimated using robust Poisson model. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for never-smokers, non-asthmatic and bi-pollutant model.ResultsOf 228 614 participants, 77 027 (33.7%) were exposed to at least one AOP form. 35.5% of the AFO cases were exposed to vapours, gases, dusts or fumes (VGDF) and 28.3% to dusts. High exposure to vapours increased the r...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="48d10cae7aa0a1734f1cd56180129888" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117393397,"asset_id":122806735,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117393397/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806735"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806735"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806735; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806735]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806735]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806735; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122806735']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806734"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806734/Private_funding_of_elective_hospital_treatment_in_England_and_Wales_1997_8_national_survey"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Private funding of elective hospital treatment in England and Wales, 1997-8: national survey" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117393399/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806734/Private_funding_of_elective_hospital_treatment_in_England_and_Wales_1997_8_national_survey">Private funding of elective hospital treatment in England and Wales, 1997-8: national survey</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>BMJ</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We dedicate this paper to the memory of our coauthor Zachary Johnson. Contributors: AWM had the o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We dedicate this paper to the memory of our coauthor Zachary Johnson. Contributors: AWM had the original idea for the study, participated in interpreting data and writing the article, and is the guarantor for the study. PKP discussed core ideas, organised data analysis, and participated in interpreting data and writing the article. GB discussed core ideas and participated in interpreting data and writing the article. CL, FL, and ZJ participated in data retrieval and analysis. JW participated in interpreting data and writing the article.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="00c1ca9ee91571f2dfe72764eff7ed44" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117393399,"asset_id":122806734,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117393399/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806734"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806734"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806734; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806734]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806734]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806734; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122806734']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "00c1ca9ee91571f2dfe72764eff7ed44" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122806734]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122806734,"title":"Private funding of elective hospital treatment in England and Wales, 1997-8: national survey","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122806734/Private_funding_of_elective_hospital_treatment_in_England_and_Wales_1997_8_national_survey","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[{"id":117393399,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117393399/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"eeba3977b02fc199cbea99fc2d05a063738e.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117393399/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Private_funding_of_elective_hospital_tre.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117393399/eeba3977b02fc199cbea99fc2d05a063738e-libre.pdf?1723474210=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPrivate_funding_of_elective_hospital_tre.pdf\u0026Expires=1739852409\u0026Signature=O9CRnQItQQWYZ7W7d1GR9gLIfIGEAhT61Em-kjXajkMZh6JmxpF3ocY6jliPsHHx88HJHA34jjLhD1u2l0L9elBRTb1krnT0otSGOKBu4r3EydDRkT4KDyf1rNm8AIwxN~XVSnwnFc502pPDUyYW4cQ2WRR7JvzJqMjSWiqwqeMXKRu6Im6CNQfxKxDQR9NffbrvfTVtZm4fpaQobxeqpG0Ycadt4maqwORhWvdQ2kH8iBj8RIbKHb1eNb1eNwxT-Xkvd5DARUgAY6Da86LnmHYb4QP1FSZaRKOwxpqcTzoprM6xDP489N1OfzOkYxOCYAD00XojgsX5EwGfdb1fNA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806733"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806733/Work_related_COPD_risk_in_the_population_based_UK_Biobank_cohort_study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Work-related COPD risk in the population-based UK Biobank cohort study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806733/Work_related_COPD_risk_in_the_population_based_UK_Biobank_cohort_study">Work-related COPD risk in the population-based UK Biobank cohort study</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Respiratory Journal</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: COPD is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Occupational hazards may be...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: COPD is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Occupational hazards may be important risk factors. However, the population burden of work-related COPD is uncertain. Aims and objectives: To investigate the association between occupations and COPD risk in the large population-based UK Biobank study taking into account potential confounders, in particular tobacco smoking. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in the population-based UK Biobank cohort, including 502,682 subjects, aged 40-69 years, recruited in 2006-2010. COPD cases were spirometry-defined as FEV1/FVC&lt;LLN according to ATS/ERS guidelines. Individual current occupation was coded using the Standard Occupation Classification (SOC) 2000. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and relative 95%confidence intervals (CIs) of COPD for each SOC-coded job were estimated using a robust Poisson model adjusted for sex, age, study centre and lifetime tobacco smoking. Results: Among the 353 SOC-coded jobs evaluated, 15 showed an increased COPD risk. In particular, Seafarers (PR=2.64;95%CI:1.59-4.38), Cleaners (Industrial:PR=1.96;95%CI:1.16-3.31 and Domestic:PR=1.43;95%CI:1.28-1.59), Roofers/tilers (PR=1.86;95%CI:1.29-2.67), Packers/bottlers/canners/fillers (PR=1.60;95%CI:1.15-2.22), Postal workers/couriers (PR=1.35;95%CI:1.15-1.59); School mid-day assistants (PR=1.32;95%CI:1.01-1.74), and Kitchen/catering assistants (PR=1.30;95%CI:1.10-1.53). These results were essentially confirmed in analyses restricted to never smokers and to subjects never reporting asthma. Conclusions: Selected occupations are associated with increased COPD risk in a large population-based UK study. Respiratory health surveillance among these occupations should be strengthened.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806733"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806733"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806733; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806733]").text(description); 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122806733]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122806733,"title":"Work-related COPD risk in the population-based UK Biobank cohort study","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122806733/Work_related_COPD_risk_in_the_population_based_UK_Biobank_cohort_study","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806732"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806732/S1_A_New_Efficient_Web_based_Tool_To_Collect_And_Code_Lifetime_Job_Histories_In_Large_Population_based_Studies_The_Copd_Project_In_The_Uk_Biobank_Cohort"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of S1 A New, Efficient Web-based Tool To Collect And Code Lifetime Job Histories In Large Population-based Studies: The Copd Project In The Uk Biobank Cohort" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117393396/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806732/S1_A_New_Efficient_Web_based_Tool_To_Collect_And_Code_Lifetime_Job_Histories_In_Large_Population_based_Studies_The_Copd_Project_In_The_Uk_Biobank_Cohort">S1 A New, Efficient Web-based Tool To Collect And Code Lifetime Job Histories In Large Population-based Studies: The Copd Project In The Uk Biobank Cohort</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Thorax</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6332b86e8a95ea21c6bc5333303cc8ec" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117393396,"asset_id":122806732,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117393396/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806732"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806732"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806732; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806732]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806732]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806732; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122806732']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806731"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806731/Retrospective_exposure_assessment_in_environmental_epidemiology"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Retrospective exposure assessment in environmental epidemiology" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806731/Retrospective_exposure_assessment_in_environmental_epidemiology">Retrospective exposure assessment in environmental epidemiology</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Occupational and environmental medicine</span><span>, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Lack of exposure data is the most commonly cited factor preventing identification of causal assoc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Lack of exposure data is the most commonly cited factor preventing identification of causal association between environmental and occupational risk factors and health effects.1 Environmental exposure assessment presents more challenges than occupational exposure assessment, particularly when carried out retrospectively; large proportions of populations exposed to low levels of ubiquitous substances make consideration of all possible sources of exposure necessary. Brosselin et al in their study of acute childhood leukaemia ( see page 598 ) used a questionnaire to collect information on businesses in the vicinity of the home from pregnancy to date of diagnosis, focusing on proximity to repair garages and petrol stations.2 They find a significant association with ever having lived in proximity to these two businesses and suggest that benzene exposure may be a putative factor. Occupational studies have shown a clear relationship between acute non-lymphoid leukaemia and high levels of benzene exposure and have served as a basis for risk assessment and regulatory rule making.3 4 A more common scenario such as that in the study by Brosselin et al , is more …</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806731"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806731"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806731; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806731]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806731]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806731; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122806731']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122806731]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122806731,"title":"Retrospective exposure assessment in environmental epidemiology","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122806731/Retrospective_exposure_assessment_in_environmental_epidemiology","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806729"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806729/Interspecies_extrapolation_in_environmental_exposure_standard_setting_A_Bayesian_synthesis_approach"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Interspecies extrapolation in environmental exposure standard setting: A Bayesian synthesis approach" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806729/Interspecies_extrapolation_in_environmental_exposure_standard_setting_A_Bayesian_synthesis_approach">Interspecies extrapolation in environmental exposure standard setting: A Bayesian synthesis approach</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology</span><span>, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Currently the extrapolation of evidence from studies of non-human species to the setting of envir...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Currently the extrapolation of evidence from studies of non-human species to the setting of environmental exposure standards for humans includes the imposition of a variety of uncertainty factors reflecting unknown aspects of the procedure, including the relevance of evidence from one species to impacts in another. This paper develops and explores more flexible modelling of aspects of this extrapolation, using models proposed by DuMouchel [DuMouchel, W.H., Harris, J.E., 1983. Bayes methods for combining the results of cancer studies in humans and other species (with comment). J. Am. Statist. Assoc. 78, 293-308.] The approaches are based on Bayesian meta-analysis methods involving explicit modelling of relevance in the prior distributions, estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. The methods are applied to evidence relating chlorinated by-products exposure to adverse reproductive health effects. The relative merits of various approaches are discussed, and developments and next steps are outlined.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806729"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806729"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806729; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806729]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806729]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806729; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122806729']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122806729]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122806729,"title":"Interspecies extrapolation in environmental exposure standard setting: A Bayesian synthesis approach","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122806729/Interspecies_extrapolation_in_environmental_exposure_standard_setting_A_Bayesian_synthesis_approach","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806728"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806728/Impact_of_private_funding_on_access_to_elective_hospital_treatment_in_the_regions_of_England_and_Wales_National_records_survey"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Impact of private funding on access to elective hospital treatment in the regions of England and Wales: National records survey" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117393395/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806728/Impact_of_private_funding_on_access_to_elective_hospital_treatment_in_the_regions_of_England_and_Wales_National_records_survey">Impact of private funding on access to elective hospital treatment in the regions of England and Wales: National records survey</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The European Journal of Public Health</span><span>, 2001</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: The UK National Health Service aims to match access to health care to the level of ne...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: The UK National Health Service aims to match access to health care to the level of need and to reduce inequalities in the health of sub-populations. One in ten persons have private medical insurance (PMI). This study describes the impact of private purchasing on access to hospital care in regions according to health need. Method: Details of admissions to NHS hospitals in one year and waiting times were obtained from the government's Hospital Episodes Statistics, and of patients in independent hospitals through weighted time samples of records. Data were combined into two groups, state funded and privately funded patients. The prevalence of limiting longstanding illness and the proportions of individuals covered by PMI in Wales and the eight English health regions were obtained from the General Household Survey. Correlation coefficients were calculated for inter-regional relationships between measures of need, provision of resources and levels of activity. Results: Limiting, longstanding illness was significantly associated with NHS resource levels, NHS hospital activity, and total hospital activity, however funded; and inversely with PMI coverage, waiting times for NHS admission and levels of privately funded activity. Waiting times for admission were positively correlated with PMI coverage. Conclusions: Regionally, NHS resources and activity match need. Private hospital use complements lower levels of NHS service. Private consumption does not distort access according to need but in regions with lower levels of NHS activity those least deprived may make relatively more use of NHS hospitals, thus widening the health gap. Small area studies should explore this.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5a092f74ce14e0838d2fdad39df66989" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117393395,"asset_id":122806728,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117393395/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806728"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806728"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806728; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806728]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806728]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806728; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122806728']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5a092f74ce14e0838d2fdad39df66989" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122806728]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122806728,"title":"Impact of private funding on access to elective hospital treatment in the regions of England and Wales: National records survey","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122806728/Impact_of_private_funding_on_access_to_elective_hospital_treatment_in_the_regions_of_England_and_Wales_National_records_survey","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[{"id":117393395,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117393395/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"11-4-402.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117393395/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Impact_of_private_funding_on_access_to_e.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117393395/11-4-402-libre.pdf?1723474214=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DImpact_of_private_funding_on_access_to_e.pdf\u0026Expires=1739852410\u0026Signature=FwRSlenn3Ah~WNfGqHLMhzuYVbw69wgKLYqh5TBqtHV4-GQKGkuSEw1hMh3-7WIDniIFLI0ZAva-n-f21UrH3onelJpO2ev2zU4xlQMT~eXcKQjcZ57FquhkQnynXrfdi1yuTDuutdvp6B-iZFiLDnu-GhzwBZ2l2q9fKT5NF0wmtq5czo1gclfNyUP-PUzPzDP8LbFYX3XWFN34PZGPLCZ3Y73QLk2vM6XU7NiA7~UgboCMBxAJuBQHEfmRgbOrauKE18cdxfsj~I0VYpoVq9Juv29sS0x2PxecFUXuXlyLb6Z240-0BVXsoC2N8TK~0PceUY9ixeTP9jhcLjddrw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806727"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806727/Pre_School_Wheeze_and_Particulate_Pollution_Looking_at_Two_Measures_of_Exposure"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Pre-School Wheeze and Particulate Pollution, Looking at Two Measures of Exposure" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806727/Pre_School_Wheeze_and_Particulate_Pollution_Looking_at_Two_Measures_of_Exposure">Pre-School Wheeze and Particulate Pollution, Looking at Two Measures of Exposure</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Epidemiology</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806727"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806727"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806727; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806727]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806727]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806727; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122806727']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122806727]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122806727,"title":"Pre-School Wheeze and Particulate Pollution, Looking at Two Measures of Exposure","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122806727/Pre_School_Wheeze_and_Particulate_Pollution_Looking_at_Two_Measures_of_Exposure","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122806726"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806726/Analysis_of_Repeated_Cross_Sectional_Surveys_of_Pre_School_Respiratory_Symptoms_and_Traffic_Related_Air_Pollution"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys, of Pre-School Respiratory Symptoms and Traffic-Related Air Pollution" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117393400/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122806726/Analysis_of_Repeated_Cross_Sectional_Surveys_of_Pre_School_Respiratory_Symptoms_and_Traffic_Related_Air_Pollution">Analysis of Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys, of Pre-School Respiratory Symptoms and Traffic-Related Air Pollution</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Epidemiology</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Introduction: Traffic-related air pollution is associated with respiratory morbidity in school ag...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Introduction: Traffic-related air pollution is associated with respiratory morbidity in school age children. However, there is very little information on the effects of this pollution on younger children, the age at which problems start and whether problems in early childhood persist in later life. Aim: To determine if estimates of PM 10 exposure at the home address are associated with respiratory symptoms in young children and whether this association changes as the children get older. Methods: 4400 children were selected in a stratified random sample of local birth records and their parents were sent questionnaires in 1998 (children aged one to five), 2001 (aged four to eight) and again in 2003 (aged six to ten). The questionnaire asked about respiratory symptoms and relevant confounders. Logistic regression models were used to test the association between the respiratory symptoms and objective measures of exposure. The distance from home address to a major road (DHR) was used as a surrogate measure of PM 10 exposure. Results: Table 1: Association between distance to a major road (per 100m) and chronic respiratory symptoms during the past 12 months Symptoms Children Aged: Odds ratio (95% CI) 1998 (N‫)0143؍‬ 1-5 years 2001 (N‫)0852؍‬ 4-8 years 2003 (N‫)3512؍‬ 6-10 years</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="015d1ccb8d63611017517c3e3999f0cb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117393400,"asset_id":122806726,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117393400/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122806726"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122806726"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806726; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806726]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122806726]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122806726; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122806726']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "015d1ccb8d63611017517c3e3999f0cb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122806726]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122806726,"title":"Analysis of Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys, of Pre-School Respiratory Symptoms and Traffic-Related Air Pollution","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122806726/Analysis_of_Repeated_Cross_Sectional_Surveys_of_Pre_School_Respiratory_Symptoms_and_Traffic_Related_Air_Pollution","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[{"id":117393400,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117393400/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"00001648-200407000-0015820240812-1-3bse0b.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117393400/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Analysis_of_Repeated_Cross_Sectional_Sur.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117393400/00001648-200407000-0015820240812-1-3bse0b-libre.pdf?1723474218=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAnalysis_of_Repeated_Cross_Sectional_Sur.pdf\u0026Expires=1739852410\u0026Signature=G8KqmYc2giwHgiw1lET74geEP6mIMHH5HyCXJaV8Of349B9C3y~WvAGIpW~xzzndzVtD1jUkz-4hKnkNm0T3HldZnbjnveXkDrKUIijT5T8pOU9Fu6m24r10kJaYCRCJ~~R0pI4RN4SkUIorFMOK5F2GQHysEoripeK60VyBzWrYCdEEdqpBJGy-3vybAPfvBN43FO2aRQRck36yutIqAyKkT~XuLOe-AiWy0IiGJyjfSB9mU31civx9vG9H2Ry2lNGAOpDlVZX71cAdRHCGh3B8rqfHwVDxJFyOXbmDKrzXPKupaO9u0w8jZpM9nExp4D6SIPslAf5neSkdXCuBYg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122747066"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122747066/Occupational_cancer_in_Britain"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Occupational cancer in Britain" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117348548/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122747066/Occupational_cancer_in_Britain">Occupational cancer in Britain</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>British Journal of Cancer</span><span>, Jun 1, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">An approach using the attributable fraction (AF) has been developed to estimate the current burde...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">An approach using the attributable fraction (AF) has been developed to estimate the current burden of occupational cancer in Britain. The AF combines the relative risk (RR) associated with exposure with the proportion exposed. For each cancer-exposure pairing, the RR is selected from key epidemiological literature such as an industry, or population-based study, meta-analysis or review. The CARcinogen EXposure (CAREX) database provides point estimates for the number of workers exposed to a range of carcinogens; alternative sources are national surveys such as the Labour Force Survey and Census of Employment. The number of workers exposed are split between high and low exposure levels matched to appropriate RRs from the literature. The relevant period for cancer development during which exposure occurred is defined as the risk exposure period (REP). Estimation of the numbers ever exposed over the REP takes into account the changes in the number of people employed in primary and manufacturing industry and service sectors in Britain where appropriate, and adjustment is made for staff turnover over the period and for life expectancy. National estimates of the population ever of working age during the REP are used for the proportion denominator. Strategies have been developed to combine exposure AFs correctly while avoiding double counting and minimising bias. The AFs are applied to national cancer deaths and registrations to obtain occupation-attributable cancer numbers. The methods are adaptable for other diseases and other geographies, and are also adaptable to more sophisticated modelling if better exposure and dose-response data are available.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="164c4dccca7b6b2e6d0d282207c0d49b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117348548,"asset_id":122747066,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117348548/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122747066"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122747066"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122747066; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122747066]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122747066]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122747066; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122747066']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "164c4dccca7b6b2e6d0d282207c0d49b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122747066]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122747066,"title":"Occupational cancer in Britain","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122747066/Occupational_cancer_in_Britain","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[{"id":117348548,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117348548/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"bjc2012113.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117348548/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Occupational_cancer_in_Britain.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117348548/bjc2012113-libre.pdf?1723306522=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOccupational_cancer_in_Britain.pdf\u0026Expires=1739852410\u0026Signature=IkD7txb0L3dsCqE~aWCj1udIk~h2RChNUnDdFHru8GYvLhUZ-mwkjmAlfgo5Q5PtEShrTBf1duzBV2zuIcjYgntCdsGtCWtddYz~kI8mJ~RtfoAgETfWJPGWPunvi6rbEkIHd0UUbWwTLuub4jjBoOs2izNJM4fyub8vwijpbIiAR-J5n~jn9D1SHyuEf7Jmyt~Rm~6-uqLhhJUv7fDlFITSwim2sOoSCJQqgatvobx8~NNXwDx~OjnO4UInXLz13dmyveqNAajgfGx66Z2HNULokR3ZIR0mFIQ2FM7QWlRp39Xr91E7TuiBGKsfKsJX3Y3Bvcs98IEjYDby5blo5w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="120826836"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826836/Extensive_literature_search_as_preparatory_work_for_the_safety_assessment_for_caffeine"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Extensive literature search as preparatory work for the safety assessment for caffeine" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855072/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826836/Extensive_literature_search_as_preparatory_work_for_the_safety_assessment_for_caffeine">Extensive literature search as preparatory work for the safety assessment for caffeine</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>EFSA supporting publications</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Previous studies on the safety of caffeine have been published by the Scientific Committee on Foo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Previous studies on the safety of caffeine have been published by the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) in 1983, 1999 and 2003. In the latter assessment, the SCF concluded that caffeine would not exacerbate the adverse effects of alcohol. A recent study carried out by the Committee on toxicity of chemicals in food consumer products and the environment (COT) looked at any new data published since the SCF report and advised on the potential for interactions between caffeine and alcohol. Limited data prevented them assessing the effect of caffeine on the acute toxicity of alcohol. Overall, the committee concluded that, based on the current balance of evidence, there is no harmful toxicological or behavioural interaction between caffeine and alcohol. However, they stated that this opinion should be reviewed if new evidence emerges. In 2013, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was asked to evaluate potential adverse health effects that may arise following consumption either alone or in combination with alcohol and/or other substances such as energy drinks. Therefore, the objective of this project is to provide EFSA with an evidence base related to the adverse effects of caffeine, either alone or in combination with alcohol and/or other substances found in energy drinks in various population groups.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="29048c49acd745c769f378f18a7cbfb0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":115855072,"asset_id":120826836,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855072/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="120826836"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="120826836"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826836; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826836]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826836]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826836; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='120826836']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="120826835"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826835/Lessons_Learned_From_Presumptive_Condition_Lists_in_Veteran_Compensation_Systems"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lessons Learned From Presumptive Condition Lists in Veteran Compensation Systems" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855073/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826835/Lessons_Learned_From_Presumptive_Condition_Lists_in_Veteran_Compensation_Systems">Lessons Learned From Presumptive Condition Lists in Veteran Compensation Systems</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Frontiers in Public Health</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Presumptive condition lists formally accept connections between military factors and veteran heal...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Presumptive condition lists formally accept connections between military factors and veteran health conditions. An environmental scan of such lists and their evidentiary basis was conducted across four veterans&#39; administrations to inform other administrations considering the development of such lists. Information on included conditions, qualifying military factors, and scientific processes was obtained through targeted internet searches and correspondence with veterans&#39; administrations. The content of presumptive condition lists across jurisdictions varied by conditions included, as well as military eligibility requirements (e.g., service in particular conflict, context, or time period). Scientific review processes to develop lists also varied across jurisdictions. Findings indicate that evidence and experience may be leveraged across compensation systems (veteran and civilian). Ongoing research to understand links between military exposures and veteran health is recommended.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8f4a3506db4619e555040e9c396cda50" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":115855073,"asset_id":120826835,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855073/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="120826835"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="120826835"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826835; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826835]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826835]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826835; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='120826835']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8f4a3506db4619e555040e9c396cda50" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=120826835]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":120826835,"title":"Lessons Learned From Presumptive Condition Lists in Veteran Compensation Systems","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120826835/Lessons_Learned_From_Presumptive_Condition_Lists_in_Veteran_Compensation_Systems","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[{"id":115855073,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855073/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855073/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Lessons_Learned_From_Presumptive_Conditi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/115855073/pdf-libre.pdf?1718030252=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLessons_Learned_From_Presumptive_Conditi.pdf\u0026Expires=1739852410\u0026Signature=fapmQEQl5Z0P4zfb8QuNadZgou8o~js3cPHaTSX5EZAYYe~bK0hl4wkTuUwvYCAwyojFGTP4cP6Ij7sZdEp2OmwE2S1Xm9X~Oe4Kjw945sqDVKa5eYwa7zEhhEonIp~apU4QyTs9Q7jINug9qtWoiqp4hoxOwoYX76NAwH1A1XlRU7CYR4s6pcJIRKnDnMCJls6Qk0PQ9nZrQFp1GOEJ8jT65mgXAZPngnflvY7DmJ3RiHQNNewi61eZFpjmvVcWLShDZ9wNVUOc4ti~mbIFNoOAg644rDXupf0SGBB2uu2vpU4gRcyz4jf64XfDkVua3LOn9aCFwnnKp9i~UaTX9Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="120826834"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826834/Does_the_Size_of_a_Company_Make_a_Difference_in_the_Prevalence_of_Exposure_to_Asthmagens_and_in_the_Use_of_Respiratory_Protective_Equipment"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Does the Size of a Company Make a Difference in the Prevalence of Exposure to Asthmagens and in the Use of Respiratory Protective Equipment?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855074/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826834/Does_the_Size_of_a_Company_Make_a_Difference_in_the_Prevalence_of_Exposure_to_Asthmagens_and_in_the_Use_of_Respiratory_Protective_Equipment">Does the Size of a Company Make a Difference in the Prevalence of Exposure to Asthmagens and in the Use of Respiratory Protective Equipment?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Annals of work exposures and health</span><span>, Jan 8, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">About half of all workers in high-income countries work in small companies. However, regulatory b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">About half of all workers in high-income countries work in small companies. However, regulatory bodies and researchers predominantly work with large companies because they are more convenient to study and easier to reach. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of exposure to asthmagens and the use of respiratory protective equipment (RPE) by company size. This analysis used data from the Australian Work Exposures Study-Asthma, a telephone survey which investigated exposure to 27 asthmagen groups. Among 4844 respondents, 18.8, 19.9, 31.9, and 29.4% of workers reported working in micro (&lt;5 employees), small (5-19 employees), medium (20-200 employees), and large (&gt;200 employees) companies, respectively. Compared to workers in large companies, workers in micro, small, or medium companies had higher prevalence of exposure to most asthmagens and lesser use of RPE. Our results suggest that policy actions and regulatory measures should target micro/small companies in order to have the gr...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2f5af3387a86824c080b62b2543ae3ce" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":115855074,"asset_id":120826834,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855074/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="120826834"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="120826834"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826834; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826834]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826834]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826834; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='120826834']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2f5af3387a86824c080b62b2543ae3ce" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=120826834]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":120826834,"title":"Does the Size of a Company Make a Difference in the Prevalence of Exposure to Asthmagens and in the Use of Respiratory Protective Equipment?","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120826834/Does_the_Size_of_a_Company_Make_a_Difference_in_the_Prevalence_of_Exposure_to_Asthmagens_and_in_the_Use_of_Respiratory_Protective_Equipment","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[{"id":115855074,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855074/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"wxy031.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855074/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Does_the_Size_of_a_Company_Make_a_Differ.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/115855074/wxy031-libre.pdf?1718030252=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDoes_the_Size_of_a_Company_Make_a_Differ.pdf\u0026Expires=1739852410\u0026Signature=Bl9QPNEPcqbTJHC5pCCcT-Iny9wffecRpGNgmYxWX3KFqEj96nuHnkN5rnktNEjfBl7We345tSiZuWDFDCFfpExb56yvImCmo6p-PQXmpGv2HkDPgID2OHyPvZJ9-3nGdQQlUnHP1BbA~aJXbDrdP7UQmrM-MDLrIOFCqbeRQon541xxITgxNtVGkmKSLmYngccp-BJ0IXTflU-HYDfewAMfLLAUi7L8f-Xe6~Bw5BGpFq3I4fGBIQ3ytZIQ53HgOCUh-n0z0-goSa5pHUDYSR5sAQk7aswWrIZ9HKZ2k5BiwAnPe7q3~EJYD0gX7kxask1l7mETScNHlkgkSDFOmg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="120826833"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826833/Extensive_literature_search_as_preparatory_work_for_the_safety_assessment_for_caffeine"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Extensive literature search as preparatory work for the safety assessment for caffeine" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855071/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826833/Extensive_literature_search_as_preparatory_work_for_the_safety_assessment_for_caffeine">Extensive literature search as preparatory work for the safety assessment for caffeine</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>EFSA Supporting Publications</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Previous studies on the safety of caffeine have been published by the Scientific Committee on Foo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Previous studies on the safety of caffeine have been published by the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) in 1983, 1999 and 2003. In the latter assessment, the SCF concluded that caffeine would not exacerbate the adverse effects of alcohol. A recent study carried out by the Committee on toxicity of chemicals in food consumer products and the environment (COT) looked at any new data published since the SCF report and advised on the potential for interactions between caffeine and alcohol. Limited data prevented them assessing the effect of caffeine on the acute toxicity of alcohol. Overall, the committee concluded that, based on the current balance of evidence, there is no harmful toxicological or behavioural interaction between caffeine and alcohol. However, they stated that this opinion should be reviewed if new evidence emerges. In 2013, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was asked to evaluate potential adverse health effects that may arise following consumption either alone or in combination with alcohol and/or other substances such as energy drinks. Therefore, the objective of this project is to provide EFSA with an evidence base related to the adverse effects of caffeine, either alone or in combination with alcohol and/or other substances found in energy drinks in various population groups.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d142e79ea82f28e1f822f40cf0090f00" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":115855071,"asset_id":120826833,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855071/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="120826833"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="120826833"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826833; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826833]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826833]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826833; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='120826833']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d142e79ea82f28e1f822f40cf0090f00" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=120826833]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":120826833,"title":"Extensive literature search as preparatory work for the safety assessment for caffeine","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120826833/Extensive_literature_search_as_preparatory_work_for_the_safety_assessment_for_caffeine","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[{"id":115855071,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855071/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"sp.efsa.2015.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855071/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Extensive_literature_search_as_preparato.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/115855071/sp.efsa.2015-libre.pdf?1718030294=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExtensive_literature_search_as_preparato.pdf\u0026Expires=1739852410\u0026Signature=bsnpFKDkEQlrmeN8d5-DToSJZr6nQIkWJ86ORyd6J3fO07rh1~VRZMtxmPxMp6LmSn0BkX~Fbj7QQL3biYhRr19Kziw7pCH-kwPLv6kNZYW0oIIQdo6HDiMoCO5IiGGNmCyNi8pEgPSoitmObuyN3VVHEUageqTgAzGALlIH~LMvZB6-PdZGuQFZoaSnbApZdp3pWJn~MeZsiNB0L4-5RSdRkNieBK9-7kBee3FQDIfCrr0Ynr4a39XG9bxn5PTi~i74UBBMEugxWDvfToxeysID8L6JIt6U2QMwIFa3ySFDn5CxJCbtZGiaKv2JRHuq7eaN3V4ANHijAW2Ee7KvPQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="120826832"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826832/Occupational_Cancer_Burden"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Occupational Cancer Burden" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826832/Occupational_Cancer_Burden">Occupational Cancer Burden</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Occupational Cancers</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Exposures encountered in the general environment and at work and the potential adverse health eff...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Exposures encountered in the general environment and at work and the potential adverse health effects arising from them are the topic of a large body of multidisciplinary research and of public concern. Investigation involves both knowledge of the source and nature of the hazard and an understanding of the relationship of the exposure to the disease. Epidemiological studies of industrial workforces have played an important role in the identification of carcinogens and the understanding of the etiology of cancer. The working environment should not be a place where there is a risk of disease or injury, yet many thousands of workers worldwide are exposed to hazardous substances at work every day. Although substances related to occupational cancer are often associated with chemical exposures, especially man-made, a wider definition is needed to encompass all patterns of working.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="120826832"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="120826832"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826832; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826832]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826832]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826832; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='120826832']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=120826832]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":120826832,"title":"Occupational Cancer Burden","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120826832/Occupational_Cancer_Burden","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="120826831"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826831/Patients_and_procedures_in_short_stay_independent_hospitals_in_England_and_Wales_1997_1998"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Patients and procedures in short-stay independent hospitals in England and Wales, 1997-1998" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855041/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826831/Patients_and_procedures_in_short_stay_independent_hospitals_in_England_and_Wales_1997_1998">Patients and procedures in short-stay independent hospitals in England and Wales, 1997-1998</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Public Health</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background Private hospitals' activities are not routinely reported, so what services they provid...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background Private hospitals' activities are not routinely reported, so what services they provide and for whom is not known. This study describes the clientele and case-mix of independent hospitals in England and Wales in 1997-1998. Method Person, clinical and funding data were collected on samples of patients admitted to 215 of 221 independent hospitals open in 1997-1998. Sample numbers were weighted to reflect sampling duration, region, season and non-response. Results A total of 37 434 sampled records represented 828 422 admissions: 406 843 in-patients (5 per cent fewer than in 1992-1993) and 421 580 day cases (69 per cent more); 806 509 were residents of England and Wales (up 24 per cent); 16 628 came from overseas (down 20 per cent). Numbers increased in all age groups except children; 25 per cent were 65 or over (18 per cent in 1992-1993). The commonest procedures were abortion (11 per cent), endoscopy of the gastro-intestinal tract (10 per cent) or joints (5 per cent), lens operations (5 per cent), hernia repairs (3 per cent), and other common National Health Service (NHS) elective operations. The NHS funded 84 561 patients (11 per cent of the total) including 41 942 non-abortion cases (6 per cent). A total of 540 996 (76 per cent) paid through insurance; 119 101 (17 per cent) were self-funded including 30 per cent of the over-75s. Ninety-five per cent of patients went home, 0.3 per cent died and 0.2 per cent were transferred to NHS hospitals. Conclusions Demand for short-stay independent hospital care is rising. The clientele is becoming older, and readier to pay out of pocket. Clinical activity is mainly surgical and similar to NHS elective surgical demand. One year's caseload equals 10 weeks' elective admissions to NHS hospitals, in that sense relieving the NHS. The scale of transfer to NHS hospitals (three per day) is small.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="97bd92575fdde03895f970874a2da01c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":115855041,"asset_id":120826831,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855041/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="120826831"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="120826831"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826831; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826831]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120826831]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826831; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='120826831']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "97bd92575fdde03895f970874a2da01c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=120826831]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":120826831,"title":"Patients and procedures in short-stay independent hospitals in England and Wales, 1997-1998","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120826831/Patients_and_procedures_in_short_stay_independent_hospitals_in_England_and_Wales_1997_1998","owner_id":32689791,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":32689791,"first_name":"Lesley","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rushton","page_name":"LesleyRushton","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-06-30T23:47:20.598-07:00","display_name":"Lesley Rushton","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LesleyRushton"},"attachments":[{"id":115855041,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855041/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"220068.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855041/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Patients_and_procedures_in_short_stay_in.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/115855041/220068-libre.pdf?1718030252=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPatients_and_procedures_in_short_stay_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1739852410\u0026Signature=MIa~SVy8GNy3rpIXvf2QWGSXj78xSK2IrJHRBDV2fYXAqVA0iXznRH4YScphRNlujcRmPAdF4Y~kvS~PZ~cg0P~Owlq1B7jaaRuV776kk7KlRtsDX83zQvNyPBnbCbbIghuJTIs4vKf29j8pMNL8UJ-UQZ-1fupmdYa~qoOVmM5nGm~PYIUDAZ~dGfeeJmgSyWnz4yvc91GvMwZJL2U05RSv4-Yg58S4GfpLkl6aV9GjjBu9l1Vl5ShdplyZBeaLP4f4cuIkOhU-BlKEIWDSmfTX3yP52yJ4XJwFkNsPRp4qiVFlM1oB6s508sSw2ZcBdZA1AvUo679seE2YPyGUDw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":115855040,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855040/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"220068.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855040/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Patients_and_procedures_in_short_stay_in.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/115855040/220068-libre.pdf?1718030252=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPatients_and_procedures_in_short_stay_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1739852410\u0026Signature=VITjCl8Zvl6Puv4FzBYTFrDkLcxg~uhvT1HGop0eYy6QBA05VOGsJfJPSvC8XGr4t9ff7zkpsPpel0l5dYN0d4Ynp--28AOC27W3gAOSFoOAzBh5QeI40YofjZMV2B-n1FVSdfYMTrwVFCsDaSOBOQ0~uBPrcy1QmKTT2nAKiS6juDesGm8u-Rj1m78RluNwv~jXRPm9zohePmjKjcyT2u6aFAjD8Y6y5oWHoCVN227kfCkMQdE2HyHJt8jcwNMzW0gw9OTSE~Tq5iKBH7o961Mn6w56Nx0xnX-DmqmH6I8ay~fEaoCTcJqK9t5uHMgnESxb8RQ3bN44OPgKR97xcw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="120826830"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826830/O2_5_5_Estimation_of_the_burden_of_occupational_cancer_in_Great_Britain"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of O2-5.5 Estimation of the burden of occupational cancer in Great Britain" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115855070/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/120826830/O2_5_5_Estimation_of_the_burden_of_occupational_cancer_in_Great_Britain">O2-5.5 Estimation of the burden of occupational cancer in Great Britain</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Epidemiology &amp; Community Health</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">studies were conducted in developing countries, most did not provide preferential access to resea...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">studies were conducted in developing countries, most did not provide preferential access to researchers from there. Conclusion A useful DAP should encompass complex issues ranging from ethical and legal to feasibility and practicability while remaining user-friendly to encourage collaboration. Giving consideration to researchers from countries involved in the study will promote international collaboration which will facilitate local research and enhance epidemiological knowledge.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="906e1a8e6da08aa9a18f66cf53e82b5b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":115855070,"asset_id":120826830,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115855070/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="120826830"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="120826830"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120826830; 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