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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Псіхапомп – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Псіхапомп" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Псыхапомп – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Псыхапомп" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Психопомп – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Психопомп" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychopompos" title="Psychopompos – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Psychopompos" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psicopomp" title="Psicopomp – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Psicopomp" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychopomp" title="Psychopomp – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Psychopomp" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychopompos" title="Psychopompos – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Psychopompos" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ps%C3%BChhopomp" title="Psühhopomp – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Psühhopomp" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A8%CF%85%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ψυχοπομπός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ψυχοπομπός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psicopompo" title="Psicopompo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Psicopompo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psi%C4%A5opompo" title="Psiĥopompo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Psiĥopompo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psikoponpo" title="Psikoponpo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Psikoponpo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="راهنمای روان‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راهنمای روان‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychopompe" title="Psychopompe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Psychopompe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psicopompo" title="Psicopompo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Psicopompo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psicopompo" title="Psicopompo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Psicopompo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychopompus" title="Psychopompus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Psychopompus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychopompos" title="Psychopompos – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Psychopompos" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psichopompas" title="Psichopompas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Psichopompas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psz%C3%BCkhopomposz" title="Pszükhopomposz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pszükhopomposz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4" title="यमदूत – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="यमदूत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychopompos" title="Psychopompos – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Psychopompos" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psykopomp" title="Psykopomp – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Psykopomp" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychopomp" title="Psychopomp – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Psychopomp" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psicopompo" title="Psicopompo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Psicopompo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psihopomp" title="Psihopomp – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Psihopomp" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Психопомп – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Психопомп" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psykopompos" title="Psykopompos – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Psykopompos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psykopomp" title="Psykopomp – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Psykopomp" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%95" title="ยมทูต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยมทูต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" 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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the psychopomp in religion, mythology and psychology. For the song by The Tea Party, see <a href="/wiki/Psychopomp_(song)" title="Psychopomp (song)">Psychopomp (song)</a>. For the album by Japanese Breakfast, see <a href="/wiki/Psychopomp_(album)" title="Psychopomp (album)">Psychopomp (album)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Psychopomps" redirects here. For the Danish band, see <a href="/wiki/Psychopomps_(band)" title="Psychopomps (band)">Psychopomps (band)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NAMA_Herm%C3%A8s_%26_Myrrhin%C3%A8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/NAMA_Herm%C3%A8s_%26_Myrrhin%C3%A8.jpg/220px-NAMA_Herm%C3%A8s_%26_Myrrhin%C3%A8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="410" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/NAMA_Herm%C3%A8s_%26_Myrrhin%C3%A8.jpg/330px-NAMA_Herm%C3%A8s_%26_Myrrhin%C3%A8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/NAMA_Herm%C3%A8s_%26_Myrrhin%C3%A8.jpg/440px-NAMA_Herm%C3%A8s_%26_Myrrhin%C3%A8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1863" /></a><figcaption>Relief from a carved funerary <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Lekythos" title="Lekythos">lekythos</a></i></span> at Athens: <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a> as psychopomp conducts the deceased, <i>Myrrine,</i> a priestess of <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 430–420 BC</span> (<a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="National Archaeological Museum of Athens">National Archaeological Museum of Athens</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Psychopomps</b> (from the Greek word <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ψυχοπομπός</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">psychopompós</i></span>, literally meaning the 'guide of souls')<sup id="cite_ref-lex_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lex-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are creatures, <a href="/wiki/Non-physical_entity" title="Non-physical entity">spirits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">demons</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">deities</a> in many religions whose responsibility is to escort newly deceased souls from Earth to the afterlife.<sup id="cite_ref-Morreall_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morreall-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their role is not to judge the deceased, but simply to guide them. Appearing frequently on <a href="/wiki/Funerary_art" title="Funerary art">funerary art</a>, psychopomps have been depicted at different times and in different cultures as <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">anthropomorphic entities</a>, horses, deer, dogs, <a href="/wiki/Whip-poor-will" class="mw-redirect" title="Whip-poor-will">whip-poor-wills</a>, ravens, crows, vultures, owls, sparrows, and cuckoos. In the case of birds, these are often seen in huge masses, waiting outside the home of the dying. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychopomp&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_religion">Ancient religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychopomp&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ancient religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Psychopomp" title="Special:EditPage/Psychopomp">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Classical examples of a psychopomp are the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">ancient Egyptian</a> god <a href="/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis">Anubis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the deity <a href="/wiki/Pushan" title="Pushan">Pushan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Greek</a> ferryman <a href="/wiki/Charon_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charon (mythology)">Charon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-lex_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lex-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the goddess <a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a>, and god <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Roman</a> god <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(mythology)" title="Mercury (mythology)">Mercury</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse</a> <a href="/wiki/Valkyrie" title="Valkyrie">Valkyries</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Aztec_mythology" title="Aztec mythology">Aztec</a> <a href="/wiki/Xolotl" title="Xolotl">Xolotl</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic</a> goddess <a href="/wiki/Morana_(goddess)" title="Morana (goddess)">Morana</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_religion" title="Etruscan religion">Etruscan</a> <a href="/wiki/Vanth" title="Vanth">Vanth</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_religion">Modern religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychopomp&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Modern religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Heibai_Wuchang" title="Heibai Wuchang">Heibai Wuchang</a>, literally "Black and White Impermanence", are two deities in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a> in charge of escorting the spirits of the dead to the underworld. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Japanese_mythology" title="Japanese mythology">Japanese mythology</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Shinigami" title="Shinigami">shinigami</a></i> have been described as psychopomps.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The form of <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> as <a href="/wiki/Tarakeshwara" title="Tarakeshwara">Tarakeshwara</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> performs a similar role, although leading the soul to <a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">moksha</a> rather than an after-life. Additionally, in the <a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a>, the Visnudutas and <a href="/wiki/Yamaduta" title="Yamaduta">Yamadutas</a> are also messengers for their respective masters, <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yama" title="Yama">Yama</a>. Their role is illustrated vividly in the story of <a href="/wiki/Ajamila" title="Ajamila">Ajamila</a>. In many beliefs, a spirit being taken to the underworld is violently ripped from its body.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Persian_mythology" title="Persian mythology">Persian</a> tradition, <a href="/wiki/Daena" title="Daena">Daena</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a> self-guide, appears as a beautiful young maiden to those who deserve to cross the <a href="/wiki/Chinvat_Bridge" title="Chinvat Bridge">Chinvat Bridge</a> or a hideous old hag to those who do not.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The polytheistic concept of a specific deity of death is rejected by <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic</a> monotheism, which regards <a href="/wiki/God_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="God in Abrahamic religions">God</a> as the only master of death and life.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, archangel <a href="/wiki/Samael" title="Samael">Samael</a> can be regarded as the <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> psychopomp, whose role in Talmudic and post-Talmudic theology is as the Angel of death. In Christianity, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael the Archangel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> are thought of as psychopomps either as leading the dead to heaven or, as in the case of Peter, allowing them through the gates.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael">Azrael</a> plays the role of the angel of death who carries the soul up to the heavens, acting by the permission of God.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In many cultures, the <a href="/wiki/Shaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaman">shaman</a> also fulfils the role of the psychopomp. This may include not only accompanying the soul of the dead, but also at birth to help introduce the newborn child's soul into the world.<sup id="cite_ref-hop-sameu_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hop-sameu-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 36">: 36 </span></sup> This also accounts for the contemporary title of "midwife to the dying" or "<a href="/wiki/Death_doula" class="mw-redirect" title="Death doula">End of Life Doula</a>", which is another form of psychopomp work. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Culture of the Philippines">Filipino culture</a>, ancestral spirits (<i><a href="/wiki/Anito" title="Anito">anito</a></i>) function as psychopomps. When the dying call out to specific dead persons (e.g. parents, partners), the spirits of the latter are supposedly visible to the former. The spirits, who traditionally wait at the foot of the death-bed, retrieve (<a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Tagalog</a>: <i>sundô</i>) the soul soon after death and escort it into the after-life.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott1994_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott1994-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Akan_religion" title="Akan religion">Akan religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amokye" title="Amokye">Amokye</a> is the woman who fishes souls out of the river and welcomes them to Asamando, the Akan realm of the dead. A deceased person is buried with amoasie (loincloths), jewelry and beads which they then pay to Amokye for admitting them to Asamando.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many mythologies and superstitions simply have a personification of death as psychopomp. Such personifications frequently present death as a reaper, even ascribing it the title <a href="/wiki/Grim_Reaper" class="mw-redirect" title="Grim Reaper">Grim Reaper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psychology">Psychology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychopomp&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Psychology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Jungian_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungian psychology">Jungian psychology</a>, the psychopomp is a mediator between the <a href="/wiki/Unconscious_mind" title="Unconscious mind">unconscious</a> and conscious realms. It is symbolically personified in dreams as a wise man or woman, or sometimes as a helpful beast.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychopomp&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Life_replacement_narratives" title="Life replacement narratives">Life replacement narratives</a>, Korean myths in which psychopomps are persuaded into sparing a person's life.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychopomp&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychopomp&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-lex-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lex_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lex_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dyuxopompo%2Fs">"ψυχοπομπός - Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott A Greek-English Lexicon"</a>. Perseus.tufts.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CF%88%CF%85%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%82+-+Henry+George+Liddell%2C+Robert+Scott+A+Greek-English+Lexicon&rft.pub=Perseus.tufts.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253Dyuxopompo%252Fs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APsychopomp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morreall-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morreall_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_MorreallTamara_Sonn2011" class="citation book cs1">John Morreall; Tamara Sonn (2011). <i>The Religion Toolkit: A Complete Guide to Religious Studies</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 279. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1405182461" title="Special:BookSources/978-1405182461"><bdi>978-1405182461</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Religion+Toolkit%3A+A+Complete+Guide+to+Religious+Studies&rft.pages=279&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1405182461&rft.au=John+Morreall&rft.au=Tamara+Sonn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APsychopomp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg" class="citation web cs1">Greenberg, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mythologysource.com/anubis-egyptian-god-dead/">"Anubis: The Egyptian God of the Dead"</a>. <i>mythologysource.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mythologysource.com&rft.atitle=Anubis%3A+The+Egyptian+God+of+the+Dead&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmythologysource.com%2Fanubis-egyptian-god-dead%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APsychopomp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japan-avenue.com/blogs/japan/shinigami">"Shinigami, God of Death"</a>. <i>Japan Avenue</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japan+Avenue&rft.atitle=Shinigami%2C+God+of+Death&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjapan-avenue.com%2Fblogs%2Fjapan%2Fshinigami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APsychopomp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Mercury-Woden Complex: A Proposal", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c4Icg6ojX-YC&pg=PA27">p. 27</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heritageinstitute.com/zoroastrianism/death/index.htm">Zoroastrianism's After Life & Funeral Customs</a>. Accessed: March 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/angel-of-death">"Angel of Death"</a>. <i>Jewish Virtual Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft.atitle=Angel+of+Death&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fangel-of-death&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APsychopomp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ejmmm2007.blogspot.com/2008/03/knock-knock-knocking-on-heavens-door.html">"Jewish Myth, Magic, and Mysticism: Knock, Knock, Knocking on Heaven's Door: Jewish Psychopomps"</a>. <i>ejmmm2007.blogspot.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ejmmm2007.blogspot.com&rft.atitle=Jewish+Myth%2C+Magic%2C+and+Mysticism%3A+Knock%2C+Knock%2C+Knocking+on+Heaven%27s+Door%3A+Jewish+Psychopomps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fejmmm2007.blogspot.com%2F2008%2F03%2Fknock-knock-knocking-on-heavens-door.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APsychopomp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/5018-death-angel-of">"Death, Angel Of"</a>. <i>Jewish Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Death%2C+Angel+Of&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F5018-death-angel-of&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APsychopomp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hop-sameu-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hop-sameu_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoppál, Mihály: <i>Sámánok Eurázsiában</i>. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/963-05-8295-3" title="Special:BookSources/963-05-8295-3">963-05-8295-3</a>. (The title means "Shamans in Eurasia"; the book is written in Hungarian, but it is published also in German, Estonian and Finnish; page 36 is used as the source.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akkrt.hu/main.php?folderID=906&pn=2&cnt=31&catID=&prodID=17202&pdetails=1">Site of publisher with short description on the book (in Hungarian)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100102125239/http://www.akkrt.hu/main.php?folderID=906&pn=2&cnt=31&catID=&prodID=17202&pdetails=1">Archived</a> 2010-01-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scott1994-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scott1994_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Scott_(historian)" title="William Henry Scott (historian)">Scott, William Henry</a> (1994). <i>Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society</i>. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/971-550-135-4" title="Special:BookSources/971-550-135-4"><bdi>971-550-135-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barangay%3A+Sixteenth+Century+Philippine+Culture+and+Society&rft.place=Quezon+City&rft.pub=Ateneo+de+Manila+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=971-550-135-4&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=William+Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APsychopomp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLynchRoberts2010" class="citation book cs1">Lynch, Patricia Ann; Roberts, Jeremy (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qH96uAAACAAJ"><i>African Mythology, A to Z</i></a>. Chelsea House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60413-415-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60413-415-5"><bdi>978-1-60413-415-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+Mythology%2C+A+to+Z&rft.pub=Chelsea+House&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60413-415-5&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=Patricia+Ann&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqH96uAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APsychopomp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoyes2008" class="citation book cs1">Noyes, Deborah (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the End: Mysterious Death in Fact, Fancy, Folklore, and More</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0618823628" title="Special:BookSources/978-0618823628"><bdi>978-0618823628</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+End%3A+Mysterious+Death+in+Fact%2C+Fancy%2C+Folklore%2C+and+More&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0618823628&rft.aulast=Noyes&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APsychopomp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenzies1847" class="citation book cs1">Menzies, Robert (1847). <i>The Circle of Human Life</i>. Edinburgh: Myles Macphail. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Circle+of+Human+Life&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Myles+Macphail&rft.date=1847&rft.aulast=Menzies&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APsychopomp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Drake, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s5l4DwAAQBAJ&dq=Jungian+psychology%2C+the+psychopomp+is+a+mediator&pg=PA82">The Great Shift: And How To Navigate It</a>. (2018) pp. 82. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9629002-9-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-9629002-9-X">0-9629002-9-X</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychopomp&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Geoffrey Dennis, "Abraham", "Elijah", "Lailah", "Sandalphon", <i>Encyclopedia of Jewish Myth, Magic, and Mysticism</i>, Llewellyn, 2007.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mircea_Eliade" title="Mircea Eliade">Eliade, Mircea</a>, "Shamanism", 1964, Chapters 6 and 7, "Magical Cures: the Shaman as Psychopomp".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychopomp&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Psychopomps" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Psychopomps">Psychopomps</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Psychopomp&oldid=1255229036">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Psychopomp&oldid=1255229036</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Psychopomps" title="Category:Psychopomps">Psychopomps</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Afterlife" title="Category:Afterlife">Afterlife</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_December_2022" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from December 2022">Articles needing additional references from December 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 November 2024, at 21:01<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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