CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Loom - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"e56bc5d5-8e1d-4a59-b9b2-98440edcce7c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Loom","wgTitle":"Loom","wgCurRevisionId":1256460834,"wgRevisionId":1256460834,"wgArticleId":46595,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: location missing publisher","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","All articles with failed verification","Articles with failed verification from February 2022","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2022","Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text","All self-contradictory articles","Self-contradictory articles from January 2023","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010", "All articles containing potentially dated statements","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2023","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Articles containing video clips","Egyptian inventions","Han dynasty","Machines","Textile industry","Textile engineering","Weaving equipment"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Loom","wgRelevantArticleId":46595,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true}, "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q173056","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","mediawiki.page.gallery","ext.tmh.player","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Pedal-driven-weaving-machine.jpg/1200px-Pedal-driven-weaving-machine.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1130"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Pedal-driven-weaving-machine.jpg/800px-Pedal-driven-weaving-machine.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="753"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Pedal-driven-weaving-machine.jpg/640px-Pedal-driven-weaving-machine.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="602"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Loom - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loom"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loom"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Loom rootpage-Loom skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Loom" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Loom" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Loom" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Loom" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology_and_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology_and_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology and usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology_and_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Components_and_actions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Components_and_actions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Components and actions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Components_and_actions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Components and actions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Components_and_actions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Basic_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basic_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Basic structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basic_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Motions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frames" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frames"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Frames</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Frames-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Frames subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Frames-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Backstrap_loom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Backstrap_loom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Backstrap loom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Backstrap_loom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Warp-weighted_loom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warp-weighted_loom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Warp-weighted loom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warp-weighted_loom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pegged_or_floor_loom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pegged_or_floor_loom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Pegged or floor loom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pegged_or_floor_loom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treadle_loom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treadle_loom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Treadle loom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treadle_loom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tapestry_looms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tapestry_looms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Tapestry looms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tapestry_looms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ribbon,_Band,_and_Inkle_weaving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ribbon,_Band,_and_Inkle_weaving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Ribbon, Band, and Inkle weaving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ribbon,_Band,_and_Inkle_weaving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Darning_looms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Darning_looms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Darning looms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Darning_looms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Circular_handlooms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Circular_handlooms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Circular handlooms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Circular_handlooms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shedding_methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shedding_methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Shedding methods</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Shedding_methods-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Shedding methods subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Shedding_methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shed-rod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shed-rod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Shed-rod</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shed-rod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heddle-bar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heddle-bar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Heddle-bar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heddle-bar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tablet_weaving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tablet_weaving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Tablet weaving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tablet_weaving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rotating-hook_heddles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rotating-hook_heddles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Rotating-hook heddles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rotating-hook_heddles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rigid_heddles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rigid_heddles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Rigid heddles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rigid_heddles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multiple_heddles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multiple_heddles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Multiple heddles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multiple_heddles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Treadle-controlled_looms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treadle-controlled_looms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.1</span> <span>Treadle-controlled looms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treadle-controlled_looms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Figure_harness_and_the_drawloom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Figure_harness_and_the_drawloom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.2</span> <span>Figure harness and the drawloom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Figure_harness_and_the_drawloom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dobby_head" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dobby_head"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.3</span> <span>Dobby head</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dobby_head-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jacquard_head" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jacquard_head"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.4</span> <span>Jacquard head</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jacquard_head-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Picking_(weft_insertion)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Picking_(weft_insertion)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Picking (weft insertion)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Picking_(weft_insertion)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Picking (weft insertion) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Picking_(weft_insertion)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stick_shuttles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stick_shuttles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Stick shuttles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stick_shuttles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unnotched_stick_shuttles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unnotched_stick_shuttles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Unnotched stick shuttles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unnotched_stick_shuttles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notched_stick_shuttles,_rag_shuttles,_and_ski_shuttles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notched_stick_shuttles,_rag_shuttles,_and_ski_shuttles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Notched stick shuttles, rag shuttles, and ski shuttles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notched_stick_shuttles,_rag_shuttles,_and_ski_shuttles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boat_shuttles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boat_shuttles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Boat shuttles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boat_shuttles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flying_shuttle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flying_shuttle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Flying shuttle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flying_shuttle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weft_insertion_in_power_looms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weft_insertion_in_power_looms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Weft insertion in power looms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weft_insertion_in_power_looms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battening" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battening"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Battening</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battening-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_motions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_motions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Secondary motions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Secondary_motions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Secondary motions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Secondary_motions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dandy_mechanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dandy_mechanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Dandy mechanism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dandy_mechanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Temples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Handlooms_to_power_looms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handlooms_to_power_looms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Handlooms to power looms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handlooms_to_power_looms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbolism_and_cultural_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbolism_and_cultural_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Symbolism and cultural significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbolism_and_cultural_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Loom</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 79 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AC" title="منسج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منسج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="তাঁতশাল – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তাঁতশাল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aovyta" title="Aovyta – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Aovyta" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxucu_d%C9%99zgah" title="Toxucu dəzgah – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Toxucu dəzgah" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%A4" title="তাঁত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাঁত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Ткацкі станок – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ткацкі станок" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanhaga" title="Tanhaga – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tanhaga" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8A%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тъкачен стан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тъкачен стан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern" title="Stern – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Stern" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teler" title="Teler – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Teler" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tkalcovsk%C3%BD_stav" title="Tkalcovský stav – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tkalcovský stav" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A6v_(redskab)" title="Væv (redskab) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Væv (redskab)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webstuhl" title="Webstuhl – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Webstuhl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangasteljed" title="Kangasteljed – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kangasteljed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Αργαλειός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αργαλειός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tl%C3%AAr_ed_tesd%C3%BBra" title="Tlêr ed tesdûra – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Tlêr ed tesdûra" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telar" title="Telar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Telar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teksilo" title="Teksilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Teksilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehungailu" title="Ehungailu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ehungailu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="جولایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جولایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser" title="Métier à tisser – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Métier à tisser" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seol_(f%C3%ADod%C3%B3ireacht)" title="Seol (fíodóireacht) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Seol (fíodóireacht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coigee" title="Coigee – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Coigee" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beart-chl%C3%B2" title="Beart-chlò – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Beart-chlò" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%81%EA%B8%B0" title="직기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="직기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Ջուլհակահաստոց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջուլհակահաստոց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE" title="करघा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="करघा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tkala%C4%8Dki_stan" title="Tkalački stan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tkalački stan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alat_tenun" title="Alat tenun – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alat tenun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vefst%C3%B3ll" title="Vefstóll – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vefstóll" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telaio_(tessitura)" title="Telaio (tessitura) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Telaio (tessitura)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9C" title="נול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%97" title="ಕೈಮಗ್ಗ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೈಮಗ್ಗ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%92%E1%83%90" title="საქსოვი დაზგა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საქსოვი დაზგა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Стан – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Стан" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevn" title="Tevn – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tevn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stelles" title="Stelles – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Stelles" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audimo_stakl%C4%97s" title="Audimo staklės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Audimo staklės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%B6v%C5%91g%C3%A9p" title="Szövőgép – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szövőgép" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%98" title="Разбој – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Разбој" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82" title="മഗ്ഗം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മഗ്ഗം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97" title="हातमाग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हातमाग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weefgetouw" title="Weefgetouw – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Weefgetouw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B9%94%E6%A9%9F" title="織機 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="織機" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vevstol" title="Vevstol – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vevstol" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vevstol" title="Vevstol – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vevstol" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4" title="ତନ୍ତ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ତନ୍ତ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%CA%BBquv_stanogi" title="Toʻquv stanogi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Toʻquv stanogi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krosno_tkackie" title="Krosno tkackie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krosno tkackie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tear" title="Tear – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tear" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_de_%C8%9Besut" title="Război de țesut – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Război de țesut" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awarank%27u" title="Awarank'u – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Awarank'u" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Ткацкий станок – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ткацкий станок" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weeuwerst%C3%A4l" title="Weeuwerstäl – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Weeuwerstäl" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tezgjahu" title="Tezgjahu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tezgjahu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilaru" title="Tilaru – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tilaru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loom" title="Loom – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Loom" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krosn%C3%A1" title="Krosná – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Krosná" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%86%DA%B5%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="جۆڵایی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جۆڵایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%98_(%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5)" title="Разбој (ткање) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Разбој (ткање)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razboj" title="Razboj – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Razboj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar%C3%A9ra" title="Baréra – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Baréra" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangaspuut" title="Kangaspuut – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kangaspuut" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4vstol" title="Vävstol – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vävstol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF" title="தறி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தறி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82" title="మగ్గం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మగ్గం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88" title="กี่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กี่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8A" title="ಕೈಮಗ್ಗೊ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಕೈಮಗ್ಗೊ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokuma_tezg%C3%A2h%C4%B1" title="Dokuma tezgâhı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dokuma tezgâhı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokma_ma%C5%9Fynlary" title="Dokma maşynlary – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Dokma maşynlary" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ткацький верстат – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ткацький верстат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congzrok" title="Congzrok – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Congzrok" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khung_c%E1%BB%ADi" title="Khung cửi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khung cửi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Anülü – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Anülü" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A9%9F" title="機 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="機" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%87%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%BA" title="织布机 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="织布机" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B9%94%E5%B8%83%E6%A9%9F" title="織布機 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="織布機" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%87%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%BA" title="织布机 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="织布机" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q173056#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Loom" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Loom" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Loom"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Loom"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Loom" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Loom" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&oldid=1256460834" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Loom&id=1256460834&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLoom"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLoom"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Loom&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Looms" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q173056" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Device for weaving textiles</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Loom_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Loom (disambiguation)">Loom (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Knitting_machine" title="Knitting machine">Knitting machine</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedal-driven-weaving-machine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Pedal-driven-weaving-machine.jpg/220px-Pedal-driven-weaving-machine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Pedal-driven-weaving-machine.jpg/330px-Pedal-driven-weaving-machine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Pedal-driven-weaving-machine.jpg/440px-Pedal-driven-weaving-machine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1412" /></a><figcaption>A treadle-driven <a href="/wiki/Geo._Hattersley" title="Geo. Hattersley">Hattersley & Sons</a> Domestic Loom, built under licence in 1893, in <a href="/wiki/Keighley" title="Keighley">Keighley</a>, Yorkshire. This loom has a <a href="/wiki/Flying_shuttle" title="Flying shuttle">flying shuttle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dandy_loom" title="Dandy loom">automatically rolls up the woven cloth</a>; it is not just controlled but powered by the pedals.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>loom</b> is a device used to <a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">weave</a> cloth and <a href="/wiki/Tapestry" title="Tapestry">tapestry</a>. The basic purpose of any loom is to hold the <a href="/wiki/Warp_(weaving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Warp (weaving)">warp</a> threads under <a href="/wiki/Tension_(mechanics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tension (mechanics)">tension</a> to facilitate the interweaving of the <a href="/wiki/Weft" class="mw-redirect" title="Weft">weft</a> threads. The precise shape of the loom and its mechanics may vary, but the basic function is the same. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Loomwork.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Loomwork.jpg/220px-Loomwork.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Loomwork.jpg/330px-Loomwork.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Loomwork.jpg/440px-Loomwork.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A woman in <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, works at a <a href="#Tapestry_looms">vertical</a> loom</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_403-150_Toestel_voor_het_vervaardigen_van_kral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_403-150_Toestel_voor_het_vervaardigen_van_kral.jpg/220px-Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_403-150_Toestel_voor_het_vervaardigen_van_kral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_403-150_Toestel_voor_het_vervaardigen_van_kral.jpg/330px-Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_403-150_Toestel_voor_het_vervaardigen_van_kral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_403-150_Toestel_voor_het_vervaardigen_van_kral.jpg/440px-Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_403-150_Toestel_voor_het_vervaardigen_van_kral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption>A simple handheld frame loom</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_usage">Etymology and usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word "loom" derives from the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <i>geloma</i>, formed from <i>ge-</i> (perfective prefix) and <i>loma</i>, a root of unknown origin; the whole word <i>geloma</i> meant a utensil, tool, or machine of any kind. In 1404 "lome" was used to mean a machine to enable weaving thread into cloth.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (February 2022)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> By 1838 "loom" had gained the additional meaning of a machine for interlacing thread.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Components_and_actions">Components and actions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Components and actions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a> and <a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacturing_terminology" class="mw-redirect" title="Textile manufacturing terminology">Textile manufacturing terminology</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basic_structure">Basic structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Basic structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Weaving is done on two sets of threads or yarns, which cross one another. The <a href="/wiki/Warp_(weaving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Warp (weaving)">warp</a> threads are the ones stretched on the loom (from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-European">Proto-Indo-European</a> *<i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/warp" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:warp">werp</a></i>, "to bend"<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Each thread of the <a href="/wiki/Weft" class="mw-redirect" title="Weft">weft</a> (i.e. "that which is woven") is inserted so that it passes over and under the warp threads. </p><p>The ends of the warp threads are usually fastened to beams. One end is fastened to one beam, the other end to a second beam, so that the warp threads all lie parallel and are all the same length. The beams are held apart to keep the warp threads taut. </p><p>The textile is woven starting at one end of the warp threads, and progressing towards the other end. The beam on the finished-fabric end is called the <i>cloth beam</i>. The other beam is called the <i>warp beam</i>. </p><p>Beams may be used as rollers to allow the weaver to weave a piece of cloth longer than the loom. As the cloth is woven, the warp threads are gradually unrolled from the warp beam, and the woven portion of the cloth is rolled up onto the cloth beam (which is also called the <i>takeup roll</i>). The portion of the fabric that has already been formed but not yet rolled up on the takeup roll is called the <i>fell</i>. </p><p>Not all looms have two beams. For instance, warp-weighted looms have only one beam; the warp yarns hang from this beam. The bottom ends of the warp yarns are tied to dangling loom weights. </p> <figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Simple_treadle_floorloom%2C_line_drawing.png/400px-Simple_treadle_floorloom%2C_line_drawing.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Simple_treadle_floorloom%2C_line_drawing.png/600px-Simple_treadle_floorloom%2C_line_drawing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Simple_treadle_floorloom%2C_line_drawing.png/800px-Simple_treadle_floorloom%2C_line_drawing.png 2x" data-file-width="3354" data-file-height="2230" usemap="#ImageMap_347580e92dbff734" resource="/wiki/File:Simple_treadle_floorloom,_line_drawing.png" /></span><map name="ImageMap_347580e92dbff734"><area href="/wiki/Lease_rods" shape="poly" coords="88,127,159,87,177,98,121,137" alt="Lease rods" title="Lease rods" /><area href="/wiki/Heddle" shape="poly" coords="162,96,227,66,229,137,167,171" alt="Heddles and heddle frames or harness" title="Heddles and heddle frames or harness" /><area href="/wiki/Beater_(weaving)" shape="poly" coords="243,61,238,165,319,97,312,38" alt="Batten bar or beater bar" title="Batten bar or beater bar" /><area href="/wiki/Reed_(weaving)" shape="poly" coords="257,127,303,95,303,106,258,138" alt="Reed" title="Reed" /><area href="/wiki/Shuttle_(weaving)" shape="poly" coords="316,97,305,110,313,115,325,104" alt="Shuttle" title="Shuttle" /><area href="/wiki/Treadle" shape="poly" coords="192,190,174,219,332,241,357,211" alt="Treadle" title="Treadle" /><area href="/wiki/Breast_beam" shape="poly" coords="325,99,295,126,297,152,338,116,338,98" alt="Breast beam" title="Breast beam" /><area href="/wiki/Warp_beam" shape="poly" coords="39,118,40,141,119,107,122,95,116,86" alt="Warp beam" title="Warp beam" /></map><figcaption>A simple treadle floor loom. Mouse over components for pop-up links. The warp runs horizontally. On the left the warp beam, held from turning by with a weighted trough to keep the warp taut; on the right, the cloth beam (also called a <i>breast beam</i> on this type of loom), with a <a href="/wiki/Ratchet_(device)" title="Ratchet (device)">pawl and ratchet</a> to allow the weaver to roll up the fell. In the center, devices for performing the motions of weaving.</figcaption></figure> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 358px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 356px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Weaving_demonstrated_on_a_historic_loom_in_Leiden.webm/534px-seek%3D12-Weaving_demonstrated_on_a_historic_loom_in_Leiden.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="356" height="200" data-durationhint="1689580" data-mwtitle="Weaving_demonstrated_on_a_historic_loom_in_Leiden.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/Weaving_demonstrated_on_a_historic_loom_in_Leiden.webm/Weaving_demonstrated_on_a_historic_loom_in_Leiden.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/Weaving_demonstrated_on_a_historic_loom_in_Leiden.webm/Weaving_demonstrated_on_a_historic_loom_in_Leiden.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Weaving_demonstrated_on_a_historic_loom_in_Leiden.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/Weaving_demonstrated_on_a_historic_loom_in_Leiden.webm/Weaving_demonstrated_on_a_historic_loom_in_Leiden.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/Weaving_demonstrated_on_a_historic_loom_in_Leiden.webm/Weaving_demonstrated_on_a_historic_loom_in_Leiden.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/Weaving_demonstrated_on_a_historic_loom_in_Leiden.webm/Weaving_demonstrated_on_a_historic_loom_in_Leiden.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/Weaving_demonstrated_on_a_historic_loom_in_Leiden.webm/Weaving_demonstrated_on_a_historic_loom_in_Leiden.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Weaving demonstration on an 1830 handloom in the <a href="/wiki/Museum_Het_Leids_Wevershuis" title="Museum Het Leids Wevershuis">weaving museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ankara_4P5C4752_(27616736687).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Turkish carpet loom showing warp threads wrapped around the warp beam, above, and the fell being wrapped onto the cloth beam below."><img alt="A Turkish carpet loom showing warp threads wrapped around the warp beam, above, and the fell being wrapped onto the cloth beam below." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ankara_4P5C4752_%2827616736687%29.jpg/200px-Ankara_4P5C4752_%2827616736687%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ankara_4P5C4752_%2827616736687%29.jpg/300px-Ankara_4P5C4752_%2827616736687%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ankara_4P5C4752_%2827616736687%29.jpg/400px-Ankara_4P5C4752_%2827616736687%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3835" data-file-height="5752" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Turkish carpet loom showing warp threads wrapped around the warp beam, above, and the fell being wrapped onto the cloth beam below.</div> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motions">Motions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Motions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belarus_weaving.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Belarus_weaving.jpg/220px-Belarus_weaving.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Belarus_weaving.jpg/330px-Belarus_weaving.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Belarus_weaving.jpg/440px-Belarus_weaving.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Passing the <a href="/wiki/Shuttle_(weaving)" title="Shuttle (weaving)">shuttle</a> through the shed</figcaption></figure> <p>A loom has to perform three <b>principal motions</b>: shedding, picking, and battening. </p> <ul><li><b>Shedding</b>. Shedding is pulling part of the <a href="/wiki/Warp_(weaving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Warp (weaving)">warp</a> threads aside to form a <a href="/wiki/Shed_(weaving)" title="Shed (weaving)">shed</a> (the space between the raised and unraised warp yarns). The shed is the space through which the filling yarn, carried by the shuttle, can be inserted, forming the weft. <ul><li>Sheds may be simple: for instance, lifting all the odd threads and all the even threads alternately produces a <a href="/wiki/Tabby_weave" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabby weave">tabby weave</a> (the two sheds are called the shed and countershed). More intricate shedding sequences can produce more complex weaves, such as <a href="/wiki/Twill_weave" class="mw-redirect" title="Twill weave">twill</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><b>Picking</b>. A single crossing of the weft thread from one side of the loom to the other, through the shed, is known as a pick. Picking is passing the weft through the shed. A new shed is then formed before a new pick is inserted. <ul><li>Conventional shuttle looms can operate at speeds of about 150 to 160 picks per minute.<sup id="cite_ref-Collier_1970_104_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collier_1970_104-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><b>Battening</b>. After the pick, the new pass of weft thread has to be tamped up against the fell, to avoid making a fabric with large, irregular gaps between the weft threads. This compression of the weft threads is called battening.</li></ul> <p>There are also usually two <b>secondary motions</b>, because the newly constructed fabric must be wound onto cloth beam. This process is called taking up. At the same time, the warp yarns must be let off or released from the warp beam, unwinding from it. To become fully automatic, a loom needs a <b>tertiary motion</b>, the filling stop motion. This will brake the loom if the weft thread breaks.<sup id="cite_ref-Collier_1970_104_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collier_1970_104-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An automatic loom requires 0.125 hp to 0.5 hp to operate (100W to 400W). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Components">Components</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A loom, then, usually needs two beams, and some way to hold them apart. It generally has additional components to make shedding, picking, and battening faster and easier. There are also often components to help take up the fell. </p><p>The nature of the loom frame and the shedding, picking, and battening devices vary. Looms come in a wide variety of types, many of them specialized for specific types of weaving. They are also specialized for the lifestyle of the weaver. For instance, nomadic weavers tend to use lighter, more portable looms, while weavers living in cramped city dwellings are more likely to use a tall upright loom, or a loom that folds into a narrow space when not in use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Frames">Frames</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Frames"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Loom frames can be roughly divided, by the orientation of the warp threads, into horizontal looms and vertical looms. There are many finer divisions. Most handloom frame designs can be constructed fairly simply.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Backstrap_loom">Backstrap loom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Backstrap loom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The back-strap loom (also known as belt loom)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a simple loom with ancient roots, still used in many cultures around the world (such as <a href="/wiki/Andean_textiles" title="Andean textiles">Andean textiles</a>). It consists of two sticks or bars between which the warps are stretched. One bar is attached to a fixed object and the other to the weaver, usually by means of a strap around the weaver's back. The weaver leans back and uses their body weight to tension the loom. </p><p>Both simple and complex textiles can be woven on backstrap looms. They produce <a href="/wiki/Narrowcloth" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrowcloth">narrowcloth</a>: width is limited to the weaver's armspan. They can readily produce <a href="/wiki/Warp-faced" class="mw-redirect" title="Warp-faced">warp-faced</a> textiles, often decorated with intricate pick-up patterns woven in complementary and <a href="/wiki/Supplementary_warp" class="mw-redirect" title="Supplementary warp">supplementary warp</a> techniques, and brocading. <a href="/wiki/Balanced_weave" class="mw-redirect" title="Balanced weave">Balanced weaves</a> are also possible on the backstrap loom. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 358px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 356px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/SantaMariadelRio145.webm/534px--SantaMariadelRio145.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="356" height="200" data-durationhint="45" data-mwtitle="SantaMariadelRio145.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/SantaMariadelRio145.webm/SantaMariadelRio145.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/SantaMariadelRio145.webm/SantaMariadelRio145.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/SantaMariadelRio145.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/SantaMariadelRio145.webm/SantaMariadelRio145.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/SantaMariadelRio145.webm/SantaMariadelRio145.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/SantaMariadelRio145.webm/SantaMariadelRio145.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/SantaMariadelRio145.webm/SantaMariadelRio145.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Weaving a silk <a href="/wiki/Rebozo" title="Rebozo">rebozo</a> on a backstrap loom at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taller_Escuela_de_Rebocer%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taller Escuela de Rebocería (page does not exist)">Taller Escuela de Rebocería</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_del_R%C3%ADo,_San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD" title="Santa María del Río, San Luis Potosí">Santa María del Río, San Luis Potosí</a>, Mexico</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 304px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 302px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:T%27nalak_weaver_at_Lake_Sebu,_South_Cotabato.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="T'boli dream weavers using two-bar bamboo backstrap looms (legogong) to weave t'nalak cloth from abacá fiber. One bar is attached to the ceiling of the traditional T'boli longhouse, while the other is attached to the lower back. Philippines.[7][8]"><img alt="T'boli dream weavers using two-bar bamboo backstrap looms (legogong) to weave t'nalak cloth from abacá fiber. One bar is attached to the ceiling of the traditional T'boli longhouse, while the other is attached to the lower back. Philippines.[7][8]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/T%27nalak_weaver_at_Lake_Sebu%2C_South_Cotabato.jpg/453px-T%27nalak_weaver_at_Lake_Sebu%2C_South_Cotabato.jpg" decoding="async" width="302" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/T%27nalak_weaver_at_Lake_Sebu%2C_South_Cotabato.jpg/680px-T%27nalak_weaver_at_Lake_Sebu%2C_South_Cotabato.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/T%27nalak_weaver_at_Lake_Sebu%2C_South_Cotabato.jpg/906px-T%27nalak_weaver_at_Lake_Sebu%2C_South_Cotabato.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1208" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/T%27boli_people" class="mw-redirect" title="T'boli people">T'boli</a> dream weavers using two-bar bamboo backstrap looms (<i>legogong</i>) to weave <a href="/wiki/T%27nalak" title="T'nalak">t'nalak</a> cloth from <a href="/wiki/Abac%C3%A1" title="Abacá">abacá</a> fiber. One bar is attached to the ceiling of the traditional T'boli longhouse, while the other is attached to the lower back. Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional_weaveing_of_the_Li_Ethnic_Group.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="This Hlai weaver tensions her traditional backstrap loom with her feet. Hainan Island, Southern People's Republic of China."><img alt="This Hlai weaver tensions her traditional backstrap loom with her feet. Hainan Island, Southern People's Republic of China." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Traditional_weaveing_of_the_Li_Ethnic_Group.jpg/295px-Traditional_weaveing_of_the_Li_Ethnic_Group.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Traditional_weaveing_of_the_Li_Ethnic_Group.jpg/442px-Traditional_weaveing_of_the_Li_Ethnic_Group.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Traditional_weaveing_of_the_Li_Ethnic_Group.jpg/589px-Traditional_weaveing_of_the_Li_Ethnic_Group.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1434" data-file-height="1460" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">This <a href="/wiki/Hlai_people" title="Hlai people">Hlai</a> weaver tensions her traditional backstrap loom with her feet. <a href="/wiki/Hainan_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Hainan Island">Hainan Island</a>, Southern <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 336px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 334px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spjaldvefnadur.png" class="mw-file-description" title="An Icelandic backstrap loom, 1903. The inkle workpiece is so narrow that no beams are needed; the warp ends are simply tied as one. Tablets are used for the shedding."><img alt="An Icelandic backstrap loom, 1903. The inkle workpiece is so narrow that no beams are needed; the warp ends are simply tied as one. Tablets are used for the shedding." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Spjaldvefnadur.png/501px-Spjaldvefnadur.png" decoding="async" width="334" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Spjaldvefnadur.png/751px-Spjaldvefnadur.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Spjaldvefnadur.png 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="454" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An Icelandic backstrap loom, 1903. The inkle workpiece is so narrow that no beams are needed; the warp ends are simply tied as one. <a href="/wiki/Tablet_weaving" title="Tablet weaving">Tablets</a> are used for the shedding.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 244px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 242px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vevl%C3%A6rer_Edel_H%C3%A6tta_Eriksen_med_b%C3%A5ndgrindveving._Kautokeino_1956_-_Norsk_folkemuseum_-_NF.05535-221.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Sámi weaver doing inkle weaving on a backstrap loom with a rigid heddle. Norway, 1956."><img alt="A Sámi weaver doing inkle weaving on a backstrap loom with a rigid heddle. Norway, 1956." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Vevl%C3%A6rer_Edel_H%C3%A6tta_Eriksen_med_b%C3%A5ndgrindveving._Kautokeino_1956_-_Norsk_folkemuseum_-_NF.05535-221.jpg/363px-Vevl%C3%A6rer_Edel_H%C3%A6tta_Eriksen_med_b%C3%A5ndgrindveving._Kautokeino_1956_-_Norsk_folkemuseum_-_NF.05535-221.jpg" decoding="async" width="242" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Vevl%C3%A6rer_Edel_H%C3%A6tta_Eriksen_med_b%C3%A5ndgrindveving._Kautokeino_1956_-_Norsk_folkemuseum_-_NF.05535-221.jpg/545px-Vevl%C3%A6rer_Edel_H%C3%A6tta_Eriksen_med_b%C3%A5ndgrindveving._Kautokeino_1956_-_Norsk_folkemuseum_-_NF.05535-221.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Vevl%C3%A6rer_Edel_H%C3%A6tta_Eriksen_med_b%C3%A5ndgrindveving._Kautokeino_1956_-_Norsk_folkemuseum_-_NF.05535-221.jpg/727px-Vevl%C3%A6rer_Edel_H%C3%A6tta_Eriksen_med_b%C3%A5ndgrindveving._Kautokeino_1956_-_Norsk_folkemuseum_-_NF.05535-221.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1561" data-file-height="1289" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sámi people">Sámi</a> weaver doing <a href="/wiki/Inkle_weaving" class="mw-redirect" title="Inkle weaving">inkle weaving</a> on a backstrap loom with a rigid <a href="/wiki/Heddle" title="Heddle">heddle</a>. Norway, 1956.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Warp-weighted_loom">Warp-weighted loom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Warp-weighted loom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warp-weighted_loom_twill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Warp-weighted_loom_twill.jpg/220px-Warp-weighted_loom_twill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Warp-weighted_loom_twill.jpg/330px-Warp-weighted_loom_twill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Warp-weighted_loom_twill.jpg/440px-Warp-weighted_loom_twill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2731" data-file-height="3761" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Warp-weighted_loom" title="Warp-weighted loom">Warp-weighted loom</a> with three heddle-rods for weaving <a href="/wiki/Twill" title="Twill">twill</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Warp-weighted_loom" title="Warp-weighted loom">Warp-weighted loom</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Warp-weighted_loom" title="Warp-weighted loom">warp-weighted loom</a> is a vertical loom that may have originated in the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> period. Its defining characteristic is hanging weights (loom weights) which keep bundles of the <a href="/wiki/Warp_(weaving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Warp (weaving)">warp</a> threads taut. Frequently, extra warp thread is wound around the weights. When a weaver has woven far enough down, the completed section (fell) can be rolled around the top beam, and additional lengths of warp threads can be unwound from the weights to continue. This frees the weaver from vertical size constraint. Horizontally, breadth is limited by armspan; making <a href="/wiki/Broadwoven_cloth" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadwoven cloth">broadwoven cloth</a> requires two weavers, standing side by side at the loom. </p><p>Simple weaves, and complex weaves that need more than two different sheds, can both be woven on a warp-weighted loom. They can also be used to produce tapestries. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pegged_or_floor_loom">Pegged or floor loom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pegged or floor loom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Historyofthe_looms.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A pegged loom from the Ancient Egyptian Middle Kingdom showing the use of heddle jacks. 1922 model."><img alt="A pegged loom from the Ancient Egyptian Middle Kingdom showing the use of heddle jacks. 1922 model." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Historyofthe_looms.jpg" decoding="async" width="603" height="205" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="205" /></a></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qashqai_nomad_sisters_weave_a_carpet_on_a_floor_loom_near_Firuzabad,_Iran_(14288453190).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Qashqai_nomad_sisters_weave_a_carpet_on_a_floor_loom_near_Firuzabad%2C_Iran_%2814288453190%29.jpg/370px-Qashqai_nomad_sisters_weave_a_carpet_on_a_floor_loom_near_Firuzabad%2C_Iran_%2814288453190%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="370" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Qashqai_nomad_sisters_weave_a_carpet_on_a_floor_loom_near_Firuzabad%2C_Iran_%2814288453190%29.jpg/555px-Qashqai_nomad_sisters_weave_a_carpet_on_a_floor_loom_near_Firuzabad%2C_Iran_%2814288453190%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Qashqai_nomad_sisters_weave_a_carpet_on_a_floor_loom_near_Firuzabad%2C_Iran_%2814288453190%29.jpg/740px-Qashqai_nomad_sisters_weave_a_carpet_on_a_floor_loom_near_Firuzabad%2C_Iran_%2814288453190%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3136" data-file-height="2352" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Qashqai_people" title="Qashqai people">Qashqai</a> nomad sisters, weaving a carpet on a floor loom. Near Firuzabad, Iran</figcaption></figure> <p>In pegged looms, the beams can be simply held apart by hooking them behind pegs driven into the ground, with wedges or lashings used to adjust the tension. Pegged looms may, however, also have horizontal sidepieces holding the beams apart. </p><p>Such looms are easy to set up and dismantle, and are easy to transport, so they are popular with nomadic weavers. They are generally only used for comparatively small woven articles.<sup id="cite_ref-Edwards,_1952_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edwards,_1952-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Urbanites are unlikely to use horizontal floor looms as they take up a lot of floor space, and full-time professional weavers are unlikely to use them as they are unergonomic. Their cheapness and portability is less valuable to urban professional weavers.<sup id="cite_ref-farahan_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farahan-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treadle_loom">Treadle loom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Treadle loom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warsztat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Warsztat.svg/290px-Warsztat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Warsztat.svg/435px-Warsztat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Warsztat.svg/580px-Warsztat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="831" /></a><figcaption>Elements of a treadle loom:<div><ol><li>Wood frame</li><li>Seat for weaver</li><li>Warp beam- let off</li><li>Warp threads</li><li>Back beam or platen</li><li>Rods – used to make a shed</li><li>Heddle frame - heald frame - harness</li><li><a href="/wiki/Heddle" title="Heddle">Heddle</a>- heald - the eye</li><li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_(weaving)" title="Shuttle (weaving)">Shuttle</a> with weft yarn</li><li>Shed</li><li>Completed fabric</li><li>Breast beam</li><li><a href="/wiki/Beater_(weaving)" title="Beater (weaving)">Batten</a> with <a href="/wiki/Reed_(weaving)" title="Reed (weaving)">reed</a> comb</li><li><a href="/wiki/Beater_(weaving)" title="Beater (weaving)">Batten</a> adjustment</li><li>Lathe</li><li>Treadles</li><li>Cloth roll- takeup</li></ol></div></figcaption></figure> <p>In a treadle loom, the shedding is controlled by the feet, which tread on the <a href="/wiki/Treadle" title="Treadle">treadles</a>. </p><p>The earliest evidence of a horizontal loom is found on a pottery dish in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a>, dated to 4400 BC. It was a frame loom, equipped with treadles to lift the warp threads, leaving the weaver's hands free to pass and beat the weft thread.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A pit loom has a pit for the treadles, reducing the stress transmitted through the much shorter frame.<sup id="cite_ref-Know_Your_Handlooms_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Know_Your_Handlooms-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a wooden vertical-shaft loom, the <a href="/wiki/Heddle" title="Heddle">heddles</a> are fixed in place in the shaft. The warp threads pass alternately through a heddle, and through a space between the heddles (the <a href="/wiki/Shed_(weaving)" title="Shed (weaving)">shed</a>), so that raising the shaft raises half the threads (those passing through the heddles), and lowering the shaft lowers the same threads — the threads passing through the spaces between the heddles remain in place. </p><p>A treadle loom for figured weaving may have a large number of harnesses or a control head. It can, for instance, have a <a href="/wiki/Jacquard_machine" title="Jacquard machine">Jacquard machine</a> attached to it<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">(see Loom#Shedding methods)</span>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional_loom_at_Ranipauwa-Muktinath,_Nepal-WLV-1197.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional treadle loom at Ranipauwa Muktinath, Nepal (another image)"><img alt="Traditional treadle loom at Ranipauwa Muktinath, Nepal (another image)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Traditional_loom_at_Ranipauwa-Muktinath%2C_Nepal-WLV-1197.jpg/120px-Traditional_loom_at_Ranipauwa-Muktinath%2C_Nepal-WLV-1197.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Traditional_loom_at_Ranipauwa-Muktinath%2C_Nepal-WLV-1197.jpg/180px-Traditional_loom_at_Ranipauwa-Muktinath%2C_Nepal-WLV-1197.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Traditional_loom_at_Ranipauwa-Muktinath%2C_Nepal-WLV-1197.jpg/240px-Traditional_loom_at_Ranipauwa-Muktinath%2C_Nepal-WLV-1197.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4941" data-file-height="3294" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Traditional treadle loom at Ranipauwa Muktinath, Nepal (<a href="/wiki/File:Loom_Muktinath_Nepal.jpg" title="File:Loom Muktinath Nepal.jpg">another image</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japaneseweavera.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Japanese treadle loom, late 1820s-early 1830s"><img alt="Japanese treadle loom, late 1820s-early 1830s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Japaneseweavera.jpg/104px-Japaneseweavera.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Japaneseweavera.jpg/156px-Japaneseweavera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Japaneseweavera.jpg/207px-Japaneseweavera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2593" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Japanese treadle loom, late 1820s-early 1830s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Silk_Loom_(5453100710).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Weaving at a pit loom; the frame is built shorter, but set over a pit, so that the treadles are below ground level. Herat, Afghanistan."><img alt="Weaving at a pit loom; the frame is built shorter, but set over a pit, so that the treadles are below ground level. Herat, Afghanistan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Silk_Loom_%285453100710%29.jpg/90px-Silk_Loom_%285453100710%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Silk_Loom_%285453100710%29.jpg/134px-Silk_Loom_%285453100710%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Silk_Loom_%285453100710%29.jpg/179px-Silk_Loom_%285453100710%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1874" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Weaving at a pit loom; the frame is built shorter, but set over a pit, so that the treadles are below ground level. <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a>, Afghanistan.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Studies_in_primitive_looms_(1918)_(14784096942).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A simple tripod frame supports the heddle pulley (which seems to be more of a teeter-totter) of this West African loom; from each heddle frame hangs a treadle, trod alternately to form shed and countershed."><img alt="A simple tripod frame supports the heddle pulley (which seems to be more of a teeter-totter) of this West African loom; from each heddle frame hangs a treadle, trod alternately to form shed and countershed." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Studies_in_primitive_looms_%281918%29_%2814784096942%29.jpg/120px-Studies_in_primitive_looms_%281918%29_%2814784096942%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Studies_in_primitive_looms_%281918%29_%2814784096942%29.jpg/180px-Studies_in_primitive_looms_%281918%29_%2814784096942%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Studies_in_primitive_looms_%281918%29_%2814784096942%29.jpg/240px-Studies_in_primitive_looms_%281918%29_%2814784096942%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="1460" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A simple tripod frame supports the heddle pulley (which seems to be more of a teeter-totter) of this West African loom; from each heddle frame hangs a treadle, trod alternately to form shed and countershed.</div> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tapestry_looms">Tapestry looms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tapestry looms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tapestry" title="Tapestry">tapestry</a></div> <p>Tapestry can have extremely complex wefts, as different strands of wefts of different colours are used to form the pattern. Speed is lower, and shedding and picking devices may be simpler. Looms used for weaving traditional <a href="/wiki/Tapestry" title="Tapestry">tapestry</a> are called not as "vertical-warp" and "horizontal-warp", but as "high-warp" or "low-warp" (the French terms <i><a href="/wiki/Warp_(weaving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Warp (weaving)">haute-lisse</a></i> and <span title="French-language romanization"><i lang="fr-Latn">basse-lisse</i></span> are also used in English).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 89.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 87.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tapestry_Loom-colored.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Medieval European haute-lisse tapestry loom. Oddly, while many dangling bobbins are shown, the different colours are not."><img alt="Medieval European haute-lisse tapestry loom. Oddly, while many dangling bobbins are shown, the different colours are not." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tapestry_Loom-colored.svg/131px-Tapestry_Loom-colored.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tapestry_Loom-colored.svg/197px-Tapestry_Loom-colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tapestry_Loom-colored.svg/263px-Tapestry_Loom-colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="701" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Medieval European <i>haute-lisse</i> tapestry loom. Oddly, while many dangling bobbins are shown, the different colours are not.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rea-Menzies_in_studio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Haut-lisse tapestry loom, 2022, New Zealand"><img alt="Haut-lisse tapestry loom, 2022, New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Rea-Menzies_in_studio.jpg/240px-Rea-Menzies_in_studio.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Rea-Menzies_in_studio.jpg/360px-Rea-Menzies_in_studio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Rea-Menzies_in_studio.jpg/480px-Rea-Menzies_in_studio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Haut-lisse tapestry loom, 2022, New Zealand</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Loom_haute_lisse_DSC08774.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commercial haut-lisse tapestry loom, 2004"><img alt="Commercial haut-lisse tapestry loom, 2004" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Loom_haute_lisse_DSC08774.jpg/135px-Loom_haute_lisse_DSC08774.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Loom_haute_lisse_DSC08774.jpg/202px-Loom_haute_lisse_DSC08774.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Loom_haute_lisse_DSC08774.jpg/270px-Loom_haute_lisse_DSC08774.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Commercial haut-lisse tapestry loom, 2004</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Loom_basse_lisse_DSC08828.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A commercial basse-lisse tapestry loom in the same factory, 2004"><img alt="A commercial basse-lisse tapestry loom in the same factory, 2004" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Loom_basse_lisse_DSC08828.jpg/294px-Loom_basse_lisse_DSC08828.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Loom_basse_lisse_DSC08828.jpg/441px-Loom_basse_lisse_DSC08828.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Loom_basse_lisse_DSC08828.jpg/588px-Loom_basse_lisse_DSC08828.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2588" data-file-height="1584" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A commercial basse-lisse tapestry loom in the same factory, 2004</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Principaux_outils_de_la_tapisserie_de_basse_lisse_sur_le_m%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_(fl%C3%BBtes,_grattoir,_peigne,_poin%C3%A7on).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tapestry tools, on the loom. Bobbins, scrapper (with short teeth), comb (double-ended), and awl (tip hidden)."><img alt="Tapestry tools, on the loom. Bobbins, scrapper (with short teeth), comb (double-ended), and awl (tip hidden)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Principaux_outils_de_la_tapisserie_de_basse_lisse_sur_le_m%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_%28fl%C3%BBtes%2C_grattoir%2C_peigne%2C_poin%C3%A7on%29.jpg/320px-Principaux_outils_de_la_tapisserie_de_basse_lisse_sur_le_m%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_%28fl%C3%BBtes%2C_grattoir%2C_peigne%2C_poin%C3%A7on%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Principaux_outils_de_la_tapisserie_de_basse_lisse_sur_le_m%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_%28fl%C3%BBtes%2C_grattoir%2C_peigne%2C_poin%C3%A7on%29.jpg/480px-Principaux_outils_de_la_tapisserie_de_basse_lisse_sur_le_m%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_%28fl%C3%BBtes%2C_grattoir%2C_peigne%2C_poin%C3%A7on%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Principaux_outils_de_la_tapisserie_de_basse_lisse_sur_le_m%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_%28fl%C3%BBtes%2C_grattoir%2C_peigne%2C_poin%C3%A7on%29.jpg/640px-Principaux_outils_de_la_tapisserie_de_basse_lisse_sur_le_m%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_%28fl%C3%BBtes%2C_grattoir%2C_peigne%2C_poin%C3%A7on%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tapestry tools, on the loom. <a href="/wiki/Bobbin" title="Bobbin">Bobbins</a>, scrapper (with short teeth), comb (double-ended), and <a href="/wiki/Awl_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Awl (disambiguation)">awl</a> (tip hidden).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 216px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 214px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Wandtapijt_Nieuwe_Kerk_Middelburg.webm/321px--Wandtapijt_Nieuwe_Kerk_Middelburg.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="214" height="120" data-durationhint="331" data-mwtitle="Wandtapijt_Nieuwe_Kerk_Middelburg.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/Wandtapijt_Nieuwe_Kerk_Middelburg.webm/Wandtapijt_Nieuwe_Kerk_Middelburg.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Wandtapijt_Nieuwe_Kerk_Middelburg.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/Wandtapijt_Nieuwe_Kerk_Middelburg.webm/Wandtapijt_Nieuwe_Kerk_Middelburg.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/Wandtapijt_Nieuwe_Kerk_Middelburg.webm/Wandtapijt_Nieuwe_Kerk_Middelburg.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/Wandtapijt_Nieuwe_Kerk_Middelburg.webm/Wandtapijt_Nieuwe_Kerk_Middelburg.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A power loom in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=TextielMuseum_Tilburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TextielMuseum Tilburg (page does not exist)">TextielMuseum Tilburg</a> weaving a tapestry for the <a href="/wiki/Niewe_Kerk_Middelburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Niewe Kerk Middelburg">Niewe Kerk Middelburg</a>; note that the threads do not vary in colour along their length.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ribbon,_Band,_and_Inkle_weaving"><span id="Ribbon.2C_Band.2C_and_Inkle_weaving"></span>Ribbon, Band, and Inkle weaving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ribbon, Band, and Inkle weaving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Inkle_weaving" class="mw-redirect" title="Inkle weaving">Inkle weaving</a></div> <p>Inkle looms are narrow looms used for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Narrow_work&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narrow work (page does not exist)">narrow work</a>. They are used to make narrow <a href="/wiki/Warp-faced" class="mw-redirect" title="Warp-faced">warp-faced</a> strips such as ribbons, bands, or tape. They are often quite small; some are used on a tabletop. others are backstraps looms with a rigid <a href="/wiki/Heddle" title="Heddle">heddle</a>, and very portable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Darning_looms">Darning looms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Darning looms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Darning_loom" class="mw-redirect" title="Darning loom">Darning loom</a></div> <p>There exist very small hand-held looms known as darning looms. They are made to fit under the fabric being mended, and are often held in place by an elastic band on one side of the cloth and a groove around the loom's darning-egg portion on the other. They may have heddles made of flip-flopping rotating hooks <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">(see <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Rotating-hook_heddles">Loom#Rotating-hook heddles</a>)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other devices sold as darning looms are just a darning egg and a separate comb-like piece with teeth to hook the warp over; these are used for repairing knitted garments and are like a linear <a href="/wiki/Spool_knitting" title="Spool knitting">knitting spool</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Darning looms were sold during <a href="/wiki/Rationing_in_the_United_Kingdom#Clothing" title="Rationing in the United Kingdom">World War Two clothing rationing</a> in the United Kingdom<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Canada,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and some are homemade.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Circular_handlooms">Circular handlooms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Circular handlooms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Circular_knitting" title="Circular knitting">circular knitting</a>.</div> <p>Circular looms are used to create seamless tubes of fabric for products such as hosiery, sacks, clothing, fabric hoses (such as fire hoses) and the like. <a href="/wiki/Tablet_weaving" title="Tablet weaving">Tablet weaving</a> can be used to knit tubes, including tubes that split and join. </p><p>Small jigs also used for <a href="/wiki/Circular_knitting" title="Circular knitting">circular knitting</a> are also sometimes called circular looms,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but they are used for knitting, not weaving. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shedding_methods">Shedding methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Shedding methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WEAVING_WITH_A_PIN_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/WEAVING_WITH_A_PIN_%28cropped%29.jpg/370px-WEAVING_WITH_A_PIN_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="370" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/WEAVING_WITH_A_PIN_%28cropped%29.jpg/555px-WEAVING_WITH_A_PIN_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/WEAVING_WITH_A_PIN_%28cropped%29.jpg/740px-WEAVING_WITH_A_PIN_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4028" data-file-height="2007" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pin_weaving" title="Pin weaving">Pin weaving</a>, not using any shedding devices. Note hair comb, presumably used to beat the warp against the fell.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shed_(weaving)" title="Shed (weaving)">Shed (weaving)</a></div> <p>It is possible to weave by manually threading the weft over and under the warp threads, but this is slow. Some tapestry techniques use manual shedding. <a href="/wiki/Pin_loom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pin loom">Pin looms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peg_loom" title="Peg loom">peg looms</a> also generally have no shedding devices. <a href="/wiki/Pile_carpet" class="mw-redirect" title="Pile carpet">Pile carpets</a> generally do not use shedding for the pile, because each pile thread is individually knotted onto the warps, but there may be shedding for the weft holding the carpet together. </p><p>Usually weaving uses shedding devices. These devices pull some of the warp threads to each side, so that a shed is formed between them, and the weft is passed through the shed. There are a variety of methods for forming the shed. At least two sheds must be formed, the shed and the countershed. Two sheds is enough for <a href="/wiki/Tabby_weave" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabby weave">tabby weave</a>; more complex weaves, such as <a href="/wiki/Twill_weave" class="mw-redirect" title="Twill weave">twill weaves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satin_weave" class="mw-redirect" title="Satin weave">satin weaves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diaper_weave" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaper weave">diaper weaves</a>, and figured (picture-forming) weaves, require more sheds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shed-rod">Shed-rod</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Shed-rod"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VerticalLoom.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/VerticalLoom.JPG/220px-VerticalLoom.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/VerticalLoom.JPG/330px-VerticalLoom.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/VerticalLoom.JPG/440px-VerticalLoom.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="2664" /></a><figcaption>Loom with a shed bar and without a string heddle, neolithic reconstruction in the <a href="/wiki/Piatra_Neam%C8%9B" title="Piatra Neamț">Piatra Neamț</a> Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>A shed-rod (shedding stick, shed roll) is simply a stick woven through the warp threads. When pulled perpendicular to the threads (or rotated to stand on edge, for wide, flat shedding rods), it creates a shed. To create the counter-shed, a heddle-bar is usually used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heddle-bar">Heddle-bar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Heddle-bar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table width="25%" align="right" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" style="background:#e7dac1"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en"><b>Elements of a warp-weighted loom</b></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="top"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%A9tier_vertical_%C3%A0_pesons_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/M%C3%A9tier_vertical_%C3%A0_pesons_2.jpg/400px-M%C3%A9tier_vertical_%C3%A0_pesons_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/M%C3%A9tier_vertical_%C3%A0_pesons_2.jpg/600px-M%C3%A9tier_vertical_%C3%A0_pesons_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/M%C3%A9tier_vertical_%C3%A0_pesons_2.jpg/800px-M%C3%A9tier_vertical_%C3%A0_pesons_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2458" data-file-height="1479" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" width="60%">See body text for labels. </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisses_du_m%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lisses_du_m%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser.jpg/220px-Lisses_du_m%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lisses_du_m%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser.jpg/330px-Lisses_du_m%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lisses_du_m%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser.jpg/440px-Lisses_du_m%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Heddle-rod on a tapestry frame, France, 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>A heddle-bar is simply a stick placed across the warp and tied to individual warp threads. When it is lifted, it pulls the warp threads it is tied to out of position, creating a shed. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Warp-weighted_loom" title="Warp-weighted loom">warp-weighted loom</a> (see diagram) typically uses a heddle-bar. It has two upright <i>posts</i> (C); they support a horizontal <i>beam</i> (D), which is cylindrical so that the finished cloth can be rolled around it, allowing the loom to be used to weave a piece of cloth taller than the loom, and preserving an ergonomic working height. The warp threads (F, and A and B) hang from the beam and rest against the <i>shed rod</i> (E). The <i>heddle-bar</i> (G) is tied to some of the warp threads (A, but not B), using loops of string called <i>leashes</i> (H). So when the heddle rod is pulled out and placed in the forked sticks protruding from the posts (not lettered, no technical term given in citation), the <i>shed</i> (1) is replaced by the <i>counter-shed</i> (2). By passing the weft through the shed and the counter-shed, alternately, cloth is woven.<sup id="cite_ref-Pakenham_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pakenham-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Heddle-rods are used on modern tapestry looms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tablet_weaving">Tablet weaving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Tablet weaving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tablet_weaving" title="Tablet weaving">tablet weaving</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tablet-weaving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Tablet-weaving.svg/260px-Tablet-weaving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Tablet-weaving.svg/390px-Tablet-weaving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Tablet-weaving.svg/520px-Tablet-weaving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption>Simple one-tablet weaving</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tablet_weaving" title="Tablet weaving">Tablet weaving</a> uses cards punched with holes. The warp threads pass through the holes, and the cards are twisted and shifted to created varied sheds. This shedding technique is used for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Narrow_work&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narrow work (page does not exist)">narrow work</a>. It is also used to finish edges, weaving decorative selvage bands instead of hemming. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rotating-hook_heddles">Rotating-hook heddles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Rotating-hook heddles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Darning_loom" class="mw-redirect" title="Darning loom">Darning loom</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spede%2BWeve%2BMiniature%2BLoom%2BModel%2B1%2BInstructions_(cropped_to_illustration).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A tiny loom with a heddle made of rotating hooks." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Spede%2BWeve%2BMiniature%2BLoom%2BModel%2B1%2BInstructions_%28cropped_to_illustration%29.jpg/220px-Spede%2BWeve%2BMiniature%2BLoom%2BModel%2B1%2BInstructions_%28cropped_to_illustration%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Spede%2BWeve%2BMiniature%2BLoom%2BModel%2B1%2BInstructions_%28cropped_to_illustration%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="254" /></a><figcaption>Darning loom with hook heddle</figcaption></figure> <p>There are heddles made of flip-flopping rotating hooks, which raise and lower the warp, creating <a href="/wiki/Shed_(weaving)" title="Shed (weaving)">sheds</a>. The hooks, when vertical, have the weft threads looped around them horizontally. If the hooks are flopped over on side or another, the loop of weft twists, raising one or the other side of the loop, which creates the <a href="/wiki/Shed_(weaving)" title="Shed (weaving)">shed</a> and countershed.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rigid_heddles">Rigid heddles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Rigid heddles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WARP-FACED_TAPE_ON_A_RIGID_HEDDLE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A rigid heddle. Widthwise slots do not quite reach either long edge, and a row of small circular holes lies between the slots, along the lengthwise midline. Warp threads pass through both slots and round holes. It heddle is carved from a solid wood plank. The long sides have a protruding triangular area, making the heddle hexagonal; the top and bottoms points are surmounted by flat knobs. The triangular areas have simple, rough incised carving." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/WARP-FACED_TAPE_ON_A_RIGID_HEDDLE.jpg/220px-WARP-FACED_TAPE_ON_A_RIGID_HEDDLE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/WARP-FACED_TAPE_ON_A_RIGID_HEDDLE.jpg/330px-WARP-FACED_TAPE_ON_A_RIGID_HEDDLE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/WARP-FACED_TAPE_ON_A_RIGID_HEDDLE.jpg/440px-WARP-FACED_TAPE_ON_A_RIGID_HEDDLE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160" /></a><figcaption>A rigid heddle on a backstrap <a href="/wiki/Inkle_loom" class="mw-redirect" title="Inkle loom">inkle loom</a>, unspanned.</figcaption></figure> <p>Rigid <a href="/wiki/Heddle" title="Heddle">heddles</a> are generally used on single-shaft looms. Odd warp threads go through the slots, and even ones through the circular holes, or vice-versa. The shed is formed by lifting the heddle, and the countershed by depressing it. The warp threads in the slots stay where they are, and the ones in the circular holes are pulled back and forth. A single rigid heddle can hold all the warp threads, though sometimes multiple rigid heddles are used. </p><p>Treadles may be used to drive the rigid heddle up and down. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multiple_heddles">Multiple heddles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Multiple heddles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BogolanMali32.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BogolanMali32.JPG/440px-BogolanMali32.JPG" decoding="async" width="440" height="609" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BogolanMali32.JPG/660px-BogolanMali32.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BogolanMali32.JPG/880px-BogolanMali32.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2027" data-file-height="2805" /></a><figcaption>This loom has two string heddles, connected via a pulley overhead so that they rise and fall alternately. They are operated by treadles. Each treadle is a <a href="/wiki/Button#toggle" title="Button">toggle</a> on a string, held in the weaver's toes. He is making a simple <a href="/wiki/Tabby-weave" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabby-weave">tabby-weave</a> cloth, <a href="/wiki/Bogolan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bogolan">bogolan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Rigid heddles (above) are called "rigid" to distinguish them from string and metal heddles, where each warp thread has its own heddle, which has an eye at each end and one in the middle for the warp thread. The eyes in the ends are fastened to a shaft, all in a row. This requires multiple shafts; it cannot be done on a single-shaft loom. The different shafts (also called harnesses) must be controlled by some mechanism. </p><p>While non-rigid heddles generally mean that two shafts are needed even for a plain <a href="/wiki/Tabby_weave" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabby weave">tabby weave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twill_weave" class="mw-redirect" title="Twill weave">twill weaves</a> require three or more (depending on the type of twill), and more complex figured weaves require still more harnesses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Treadle-controlled_looms">Treadle-controlled looms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Treadle-controlled looms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Treadle looms can control multiple harnessess with multiple treadles. The weaver selects which harnesses are engaged with their feet. One treadle may be connected to more than one harness, and any number of treadles can be engaged at once, meaning that the number of different sheds that can be selected is two <a href="/wiki/To_the_power_of" class="mw-redirect" title="To the power of">to the power of</a> the number of treadles. Eight is a large but reasonable number of treadles, giving a maximum of 2<sup>8</sup>=256 sheds (some of which will not have enough threads on one side to be useful). The weaver must remember the sequence of treadling needed to produce the pattern. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Figure_harness_and_the_drawloom">Figure harness and the drawloom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Figure harness and the drawloom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Drawloom"></span><span class="anchor" id="Figure_harness"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%AB%98%E6%A9%9F%E6%A8%A1%E6%A7%98%E8%A3%82-Textile_fragment_with_incomplete_repeating_pattern_of_loom,_weaver,_and_drawboy_MET_DP11389.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%E9%AB%98%E6%A9%9F%E6%A8%A1%E6%A7%98%E8%A3%82-Textile_fragment_with_incomplete_repeating_pattern_of_loom%2C_weaver%2C_and_drawboy_MET_DP11389.jpg/220px-%E9%AB%98%E6%A9%9F%E6%A8%A1%E6%A7%98%E8%A3%82-Textile_fragment_with_incomplete_repeating_pattern_of_loom%2C_weaver%2C_and_drawboy_MET_DP11389.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%E9%AB%98%E6%A9%9F%E6%A8%A1%E6%A7%98%E8%A3%82-Textile_fragment_with_incomplete_repeating_pattern_of_loom%2C_weaver%2C_and_drawboy_MET_DP11389.jpg/330px-%E9%AB%98%E6%A9%9F%E6%A8%A1%E6%A7%98%E8%A3%82-Textile_fragment_with_incomplete_repeating_pattern_of_loom%2C_weaver%2C_and_drawboy_MET_DP11389.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%E9%AB%98%E6%A9%9F%E6%A8%A1%E6%A7%98%E8%A3%82-Textile_fragment_with_incomplete_repeating_pattern_of_loom%2C_weaver%2C_and_drawboy_MET_DP11389.jpg/440px-%E9%AB%98%E6%A9%9F%E6%A8%A1%E6%A7%98%E8%A3%82-Textile_fragment_with_incomplete_repeating_pattern_of_loom%2C_weaver%2C_and_drawboy_MET_DP11389.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1488" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Drawloom, with drawboy above to control the harnesses, woven as a repeating pattern in an early-18-hundreds piece of Japanese figured silk.</figcaption></figure> <p>A drawloom is for weaving figured cloth. In a drawloom, a "figure harness" is used to control each warp thread separately,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurnham198048_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnham198048-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> allowing very complex patterns. A drawloom requires two operators, the weaver, and an assistant called a "drawboy" to manage the figure harness. </p><p>The earliest confirmed drawloom fabrics come from the <a href="/wiki/Chu_(state)" title="Chu (state)">State of Chu</a> and date c. 400 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-broudy_1979_124_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-broudy_1979_124-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some scholars speculate an independent invention in ancient <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, since drawloom fabrics found in <a href="/wiki/Dura-Europas" class="mw-redirect" title="Dura-Europas">Dura-Europas</a> are thought to date before 256 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-broudy_1979_124_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-broudy_1979_124-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForbes1987218,_220_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForbes1987218,_220-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The draw loom was invented in China during the Han dynasty (<a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Liu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State of Liu (page does not exist)">State of Liu</a>?);<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Category:All_self-contradictory_articles" title="Category:All self-contradictory articles"><span title="that was two centuries later, minimum (January 2023)">contradictory</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> foot-powered multi-harness looms and jacquard looms were used for silk weaving and embroidery, both of which were cottage industries with imperial workshops.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The drawloom enhanced and sped up the production of silk and played a significant role in Chinese silk weaving. The loom was introduced to Persia, India, and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dobby_head">Dobby head</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Dobby head"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hand_loom_Weaving_in_Hooghly_District_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Hand_loom_Weaving_in_Hooghly_District_17.jpg/440px-Hand_loom_Weaving_in_Hooghly_District_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Hand_loom_Weaving_in_Hooghly_District_17.jpg/660px-Hand_loom_Weaving_in_Hooghly_District_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Hand_loom_Weaving_in_Hooghly_District_17.jpg/880px-Hand_loom_Weaving_in_Hooghly_District_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a><figcaption>Dobby-loom control mechanism. The pegs driven into the bars (hung in a loop on the left) each lift one "treadle" in a pre-determined pattern, like lifting the teeth of a <a href="/wiki/Music_box" title="Music box">music box</a>. Hooghly District, West Bengal, 2019</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dobby_loom" title="Dobby loom">dobby loom</a></div> <p>A dobby head is a device that replaces the drawboy, the weaver's helper who used to control the warp threads by pulling on draw threads. "Dobby" is a corruption of "draw boy". Mechanical dobbies pull on the draw threads using pegs in bars to lift a set of levers. The placement of the pegs determines which levers are lifted. The sequence of bars (they are strung together) effectively remembers the sequence for the weaver. Computer-controlled dobbies use <a href="/wiki/Solenoid" title="Solenoid">solenoids</a> instead of pegs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jacquard_head">Jacquard head</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Jacquard head"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jacquard_loom" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacquard loom">Jacquard loom</a></div> <p>The <b>Jacquard loom</b> is a mechanical loom, invented by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Marie_Jacquard" title="Joseph Marie Jacquard">Joseph Marie Jacquard</a> in 1801, which simplifies the process of manufacturing figured textiles with complex patterns such as <a href="/wiki/Brocade_(fabric)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brocade (fabric)">brocade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damask" title="Damask">damask</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Matelasse" class="mw-redirect" title="Matelasse">matelasse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The loom is controlled by <a href="/wiki/Punched_card" title="Punched card">punched cards</a> with punched holes, each row of which corresponds to one row of the design. Multiple rows of holes are punched on each card and the many cards that compose the design of the textile are strung together in order. It is based on earlier inventions by the Frenchmen <a href="/wiki/Basile_Bouchon" title="Basile Bouchon">Basile Bouchon</a> (1725), Jean Baptiste Falcon (1728), and <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Vaucanson" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Vaucanson">Jacques Vaucanson</a> (1740).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERazy1913120_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERazy1913120-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To call it a loom is a misnomer. A Jacquard head could be attached to a power loom or a handloom, the head controlling which warp thread was raised during shedding. Multiple shuttles could be used to control the colour of the weft during picking. The Jacquard loom is the predecessor to the <a href="/wiki/Punched_card_input/output" title="Punched card input/output">computer punched card readers</a> of the 19th and 20th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Loom.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The punched-card control mechanism of a Jacquard loom in use in 2009, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India."><img alt="The punched-card control mechanism of a Jacquard loom in use in 2009, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Loom.jpg/120px-Loom.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Loom.jpg/180px-Loom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Loom.jpg/240px-Loom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The punched-card control mechanism of a <a href="/wiki/Jacquard_loom" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacquard loom">Jacquard loom</a> in use in 2009, <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, India.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JacquardLoomsSAFALodzPoland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hand operated Jacquard looms in the Textile Department of the Strzemiński Academy of Fine Arts in Łódź, Poland."><img alt="Hand operated Jacquard looms in the Textile Department of the Strzemiński Academy of Fine Arts in Łódź, Poland." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/JacquardLoomsSAFALodzPoland.jpg/82px-JacquardLoomsSAFALodzPoland.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/JacquardLoomsSAFALodzPoland.jpg/124px-JacquardLoomsSAFALodzPoland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/JacquardLoomsSAFALodzPoland.jpg/165px-JacquardLoomsSAFALodzPoland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="446" data-file-height="648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hand operated Jacquard looms in the Textile Department of the Strzemiński Academy of Fine Arts in <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JacquardWeavingPoland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Battening on a Jacquard loom in Łódź."><img alt="Battening on a Jacquard loom in Łódź." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/JacquardWeavingPoland.jpg/120px-JacquardWeavingPoland.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/JacquardWeavingPoland.jpg/180px-JacquardWeavingPoland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/JacquardWeavingPoland.jpg/240px-JacquardWeavingPoland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="434" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Battening on a Jacquard loom in Łódź.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Industry_during_the_First_World_War-_Leicestershire_Q28124.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A female worker changing jacquard cards in a lace machine in a Nottingham factory (1918 (First World War))."><img alt="A female worker changing jacquard cards in a lace machine in a Nottingham factory (1918 (First World War))." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Industry_during_the_First_World_War-_Leicestershire_Q28124.jpg/95px-Industry_during_the_First_World_War-_Leicestershire_Q28124.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Industry_during_the_First_World_War-_Leicestershire_Q28124.jpg/142px-Industry_during_the_First_World_War-_Leicestershire_Q28124.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Industry_during_the_First_World_War-_Leicestershire_Q28124.jpg/190px-Industry_during_the_First_World_War-_Leicestershire_Q28124.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="799" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A female worker changing jacquard cards in a lace machine in a Nottingham factory (1918 (First World War)).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_boy_and_looms.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boy next to two weaving looms with the weaving pattern on reams of paper (India)."><img alt="Boy next to two weaving looms with the weaving pattern on reams of paper (India)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Indian_boy_and_looms.jpg/90px-Indian_boy_and_looms.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Indian_boy_and_looms.jpg/135px-Indian_boy_and_looms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Indian_boy_and_looms.jpg/180px-Indian_boy_and_looms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Boy next to two weaving looms with the weaving pattern on reams of paper (India).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PunchingJacquardCardPoland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Following the pattern, holes are punched in the appropriate places on a Jacquard card."><img alt="Following the pattern, holes are punched in the appropriate places on a Jacquard card." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/PunchingJacquardCardPoland.jpg/120px-PunchingJacquardCardPoland.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/PunchingJacquardCardPoland.jpg/180px-PunchingJacquardCardPoland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/PunchingJacquardCardPoland.jpg/240px-PunchingJacquardCardPoland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="436" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Following the pattern, holes are punched in the appropriate places on a Jacquard card.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Telar_manual_y_m%C3%A1quina_de_Jacquard_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Manual loom with double width and Jacquard loom, Colegio del Arte Mayor de la Seda of Valencia."><img alt="Manual loom with double width and Jacquard loom, Colegio del Arte Mayor de la Seda of Valencia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Telar_manual_y_m%C3%A1quina_de_Jacquard_12.jpg/120px-Telar_manual_y_m%C3%A1quina_de_Jacquard_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Telar_manual_y_m%C3%A1quina_de_Jacquard_12.jpg/180px-Telar_manual_y_m%C3%A1quina_de_Jacquard_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Telar_manual_y_m%C3%A1quina_de_Jacquard_12.jpg/240px-Telar_manual_y_m%C3%A1quina_de_Jacquard_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="4667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Manual loom with double width and Jacquard loom, Colegio del Arte Mayor de la Seda of Valencia.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Masson_Mills_WTM_13_Hattersley_Jacquard_5976.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Jacquard cards control the heads on a loom."><img alt="The Jacquard cards control the heads on a loom." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Masson_Mills_WTM_13_Hattersley_Jacquard_5976.JPG/90px-Masson_Mills_WTM_13_Hattersley_Jacquard_5976.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Masson_Mills_WTM_13_Hattersley_Jacquard_5976.JPG/135px-Masson_Mills_WTM_13_Hattersley_Jacquard_5976.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Masson_Mills_WTM_13_Hattersley_Jacquard_5976.JPG/180px-Masson_Mills_WTM_13_Hattersley_Jacquard_5976.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Jacquard cards control the heads on a loom.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Picking_(weft_insertion)"><span id="Picking_.28weft_insertion.29"></span>Picking (weft insertion)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Picking (weft insertion)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Weft_insertion"></span><span class="anchor" id="picking"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lautanauha_weaving.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Lautanauha_weaving.jpg/220px-Lautanauha_weaving.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Lautanauha_weaving.jpg/330px-Lautanauha_weaving.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Lautanauha_weaving.jpg/440px-Lautanauha_weaving.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Shuttleless tablet weaving, Finland (<a href="/wiki/File:Lautanauha_pattern_change.JPG" title="File:Lautanauha pattern change.JPG">image of finished band</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>The weft may be passed across the shed as a ball of yarn, but usually this is too bulky and unergonomic. Shuttles are designed to be slim, so they pass through the shed; to carry a lot of yarn, so the weaver does not need to refill them too often; and to be an ergonomic size and shape for the particular weaver, loom, and yarn. They may also be designed for low friction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stick_shuttles">Stick shuttles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Stick shuttles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Unnotched_stick_shuttles">Unnotched stick shuttles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Unnotched stick shuttles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At their simplest, these are just sticks wrapped with yarn. They may be specially shaped, as with the bobbins and bones used in tapestry-making (bobbins are used on vertical warps, and bones on horizontal ones).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 129.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 127.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greekurnwithweavers_(cropped_to_warp-weighted_loom).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shuttles are passed, not thrown, through warp-weighted looms. These Ancient Greek weavers have a yarn-wrapped stick.[22]"><img alt="Shuttles are passed, not thrown, through warp-weighted looms. These Ancient Greek weavers have a yarn-wrapped stick.[22]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Greekurnwithweavers_%28cropped_to_warp-weighted_loom%29.jpg/191px-Greekurnwithweavers_%28cropped_to_warp-weighted_loom%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Greekurnwithweavers_%28cropped_to_warp-weighted_loom%29.jpg/287px-Greekurnwithweavers_%28cropped_to_warp-weighted_loom%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Greekurnwithweavers_%28cropped_to_warp-weighted_loom%29.jpg/383px-Greekurnwithweavers_%28cropped_to_warp-weighted_loom%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="760" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shuttles are passed, not thrown, through <a href="/wiki/Warp-weighted_loom" title="Warp-weighted loom">warp-weighted looms</a>. These Ancient Greek weavers have a yarn-wrapped stick.<sup id="cite_ref-Pakenham_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pakenham-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rea-Menzies_in_studio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tapestry bobbins are used on vertical-warp looms."><img alt="Tapestry bobbins are used on vertical-warp looms." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Rea-Menzies_in_studio.jpg/240px-Rea-Menzies_in_studio.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Rea-Menzies_in_studio.jpg/360px-Rea-Menzies_in_studio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Rea-Menzies_in_studio.jpg/480px-Rea-Menzies_in_studio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tapestry bobbins are used on vertical-warp looms.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:N%C3%A9cessaire_du_licier_(haute_lice).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tapestry bobbins, empty and full"><img alt="Tapestry bobbins, empty and full" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/N%C3%A9cessaire_du_licier_%28haute_lice%29.jpg/135px-N%C3%A9cessaire_du_licier_%28haute_lice%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/N%C3%A9cessaire_du_licier_%28haute_lice%29.jpg/202px-N%C3%A9cessaire_du_licier_%28haute_lice%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/N%C3%A9cessaire_du_licier_%28haute_lice%29.jpg/270px-N%C3%A9cessaire_du_licier_%28haute_lice%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tapestry bobbins, empty and full</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Principaux_outils_de_la_tapisserie_de_basse_lisse_sur_le_m%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_(fl%C3%BBtes,_grattoir,_peigne,_poin%C3%A7on).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tapestry bones are used on horizontal-warp looms"><img alt="Tapestry bones are used on horizontal-warp looms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Principaux_outils_de_la_tapisserie_de_basse_lisse_sur_le_m%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_%28fl%C3%BBtes%2C_grattoir%2C_peigne%2C_poin%C3%A7on%29.jpg/320px-Principaux_outils_de_la_tapisserie_de_basse_lisse_sur_le_m%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_%28fl%C3%BBtes%2C_grattoir%2C_peigne%2C_poin%C3%A7on%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Principaux_outils_de_la_tapisserie_de_basse_lisse_sur_le_m%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_%28fl%C3%BBtes%2C_grattoir%2C_peigne%2C_poin%C3%A7on%29.jpg/480px-Principaux_outils_de_la_tapisserie_de_basse_lisse_sur_le_m%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_%28fl%C3%BBtes%2C_grattoir%2C_peigne%2C_poin%C3%A7on%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Principaux_outils_de_la_tapisserie_de_basse_lisse_sur_le_m%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_%28fl%C3%BBtes%2C_grattoir%2C_peigne%2C_poin%C3%A7on%29.jpg/640px-Principaux_outils_de_la_tapisserie_de_basse_lisse_sur_le_m%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_%28fl%C3%BBtes%2C_grattoir%2C_peigne%2C_poin%C3%A7on%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tapestry bones are used on horizontal-warp looms</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 214.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 212.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chantier_de_fouilles_%C3%A0_Morigny-Champigny_en_juin_2012_24_(cropped_to_bones).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tapestry bones actually made from cannonbones (those in the last image are wooden)"><img alt="Tapestry bones actually made from cannonbones (those in the last image are wooden)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chantier_de_fouilles_%C3%A0_Morigny-Champigny_en_juin_2012_24_%28cropped_to_bones%29.jpg/319px-Chantier_de_fouilles_%C3%A0_Morigny-Champigny_en_juin_2012_24_%28cropped_to_bones%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chantier_de_fouilles_%C3%A0_Morigny-Champigny_en_juin_2012_24_%28cropped_to_bones%29.jpg/479px-Chantier_de_fouilles_%C3%A0_Morigny-Champigny_en_juin_2012_24_%28cropped_to_bones%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chantier_de_fouilles_%C3%A0_Morigny-Champigny_en_juin_2012_24_%28cropped_to_bones%29.jpg/638px-Chantier_de_fouilles_%C3%A0_Morigny-Champigny_en_juin_2012_24_%28cropped_to_bones%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2637" data-file-height="1489" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tapestry bones actually made from <a href="/wiki/Cannonbone" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannonbone">cannonbones</a> (those in the last image are wooden)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dhaka_weaving_machine.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Paper quills (paper bobbins) used as tapestry bones in Dhaka, Bangladesh."><img alt="Paper quills (paper bobbins) used as tapestry bones in Dhaka, Bangladesh." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Dhaka_weaving_machine.JPG/270px-Dhaka_weaving_machine.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Dhaka_weaving_machine.JPG/405px-Dhaka_weaving_machine.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Dhaka_weaving_machine.JPG/540px-Dhaka_weaving_machine.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="1424" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Paper quills (paper bobbins) used as tapestry bones in <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a>, Bangladesh.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notched_stick_shuttles,_rag_shuttles,_and_ski_shuttles"><span id="Notched_stick_shuttles.2C_rag_shuttles.2C_and_ski_shuttles"></span>Notched stick shuttles, rag shuttles, and ski shuttles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notched stick shuttles, rag shuttles, and ski shuttles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 328.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 326.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stick_shuttles.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stick shuttles wound in a figure-of-eight."><img alt="Stick shuttles wound in a figure-of-eight." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Stick_shuttles.jpg/490px-Stick_shuttles.jpg" decoding="async" width="327" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Stick_shuttles.jpg/735px-Stick_shuttles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Stick_shuttles.jpg/980px-Stick_shuttles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="735" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stick shuttles wound in a figure-of-eight.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Navette_tess.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Navette_tess.JPG/240px-Navette_tess.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Navette_tess.JPG/360px-Navette_tess.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Navette_tess.JPG/480px-Navette_tess.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RugMakingWomanPassesShuttle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stick shuttles must be passed, not thrown, which is inconvenient for wide warps."><img alt="Stick shuttles must be passed, not thrown, which is inconvenient for wide warps." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/RugMakingWomanPassesShuttle.jpg/234px-RugMakingWomanPassesShuttle.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/RugMakingWomanPassesShuttle.jpg/351px-RugMakingWomanPassesShuttle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/RugMakingWomanPassesShuttle.jpg/469px-RugMakingWomanPassesShuttle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="787" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stick shuttles must be passed, not thrown, which is inconvenient for wide warps. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chantier_de_fouilles_%C3%A0_Morigny-Champigny_en_juin_2012_20.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Belt or band shuttle, a short shuttle used for inkle weaving. This extra-sturdy shuttle is also used at a batten, to beat the newly woven weft against the previously woven fell.[35]"><img alt="Belt or band shuttle, a short shuttle used for inkle weaving. This extra-sturdy shuttle is also used at a batten, to beat the newly woven weft against the previously woven fell.[35]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chantier_de_fouilles_%C3%A0_Morigny-Champigny_en_juin_2012_20.jpg/270px-Chantier_de_fouilles_%C3%A0_Morigny-Champigny_en_juin_2012_20.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chantier_de_fouilles_%C3%A0_Morigny-Champigny_en_juin_2012_20.jpg/405px-Chantier_de_fouilles_%C3%A0_Morigny-Champigny_en_juin_2012_20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chantier_de_fouilles_%C3%A0_Morigny-Champigny_en_juin_2012_20.jpg/540px-Chantier_de_fouilles_%C3%A0_Morigny-Champigny_en_juin_2012_20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Belt or band shuttle, a short shuttle used for inkle weaving. This extra-sturdy shuttle is also used at a batten, to beat the newly woven weft against the previously woven fell.<sup id="cite_ref-schacht_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schacht-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Weaving_tool_(AM_8823-1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Netting shuttle.[36] Also used for netting."><img alt="Netting shuttle.[36] Also used for netting." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Weaving_tool_%28AM_8823-1%29.jpg/240px-Weaving_tool_%28AM_8823-1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Weaving_tool_%28AM_8823-1%29.jpg/360px-Weaving_tool_%28AM_8823-1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Weaving_tool_%28AM_8823-1%29.jpg/480px-Weaving_tool_%28AM_8823-1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Netting shuttle.<sup id="cite_ref-stickflatrag_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stickflatrag-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also used for <a href="/wiki/Netting" class="mw-redirect" title="Netting">netting</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:V%C3%A4v,_Mattgarnsskyttel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ski shuttle.[37]"><img alt="Ski shuttle.[37]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/V%C3%A4v%2C_Mattgarnsskyttel.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="173" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ski shuttle.<sup id="cite_ref-rugski_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rugski-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 98.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 96.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Weavers_at_work_LOC_2163450764_(cropped_to_rag_shuttle).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A rag shuttle has two skis; it is used for weaving strips of rag into carpets, whence the name.[36]"><img alt="A rag shuttle has two skis; it is used for weaving strips of rag into carpets, whence the name.[36]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Weavers_at_work_LOC_2163450764_%28cropped_to_rag_shuttle%29.jpg/145px-Weavers_at_work_LOC_2163450764_%28cropped_to_rag_shuttle%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Weavers_at_work_LOC_2163450764_%28cropped_to_rag_shuttle%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="157" data-file-height="195" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A rag shuttle has two skis; it is used for weaving strips of rag into carpets, whence the name.<sup id="cite_ref-stickflatrag_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stickflatrag-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boat_shuttles">Boat shuttles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Boat shuttles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boat shuttles may be closed (central hollow with a solid bottom) or open (central hole goes right through). The yarn may be side-feed or end-feed.<sup id="cite_ref-boat_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boat-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-endboat_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-endboat-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are commonly made for 10-cm (4-inch) and 15-cm (6-inch) bobbin lengths.<sup id="cite_ref-woodworks_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-woodworks-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:V%C3%A4v,_Skyttlar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Top, an open boat shuttle (the other two are closed). Bottom, a Swedish-style asymmetrical shuttle with a paper quill. All are side-feed; the topmost one runs on rollers"><img alt="Top, an open boat shuttle (the other two are closed). Bottom, a Swedish-style asymmetrical shuttle with a paper quill. All are side-feed; the topmost one runs on rollers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/V%C3%A4v%2C_Skyttlar.jpg/277px-V%C3%A4v%2C_Skyttlar.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/V%C3%A4v%2C_Skyttlar.jpg/415px-V%C3%A4v%2C_Skyttlar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/V%C3%A4v%2C_Skyttlar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="332" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Top, an open boat shuttle (the other two are closed). Bottom, a Swedish-style asymmetrical shuttle with a paper quill. All are side-feed; the topmost one runs on rollers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhode_Island_weaving_(51015839030).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boat shuttle inside the shed. It floats on the lower warp threads. This only works on horizontal looms. Rhode Island, USA."><img alt="Boat shuttle inside the shed. It floats on the lower warp threads. This only works on horizontal looms. Rhode Island, USA." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Rhode_Island_weaving_%2851015839030%29.jpg/135px-Rhode_Island_weaving_%2851015839030%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Rhode_Island_weaving_%2851015839030%29.jpg/202px-Rhode_Island_weaving_%2851015839030%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Rhode_Island_weaving_%2851015839030%29.jpg/270px-Rhode_Island_weaving_%2851015839030%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Boat shuttle inside the shed. It floats on the lower warp threads. This only works on horizontal looms. <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, USA.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Navettes_de_m%C3%A9tier.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Boats with square-ended recesses are intended for bobbins with end flanges. Other shuttles have round-cornered recesses. They are often intended for use with paper quills (tubes of rolled paper)."><img alt="Boats with square-ended recesses are intended for bobbins with end flanges. Other shuttles have round-cornered recesses. They are often intended for use with paper quills (tubes of rolled paper)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Navettes_de_m%C3%A9tier.JPG/240px-Navettes_de_m%C3%A9tier.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Navettes_de_m%C3%A9tier.JPG/360px-Navettes_de_m%C3%A9tier.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Navettes_de_m%C3%A9tier.JPG/480px-Navettes_de_m%C3%A9tier.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Boats with square-ended recesses are intended for bobbins with end flanges. Other shuttles have round-cornered recesses. They are often intended for use with paper quills (tubes of rolled paper).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Macedonian open shuttles with paper quills."><img alt="Macedonian open shuttles with paper quills." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8_1.JPG/240px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8_1.JPG/360px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8_1.JPG/480px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Macedonian open shuttles with paper quills.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83_%22%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F%22_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A collection of open and closed shuttles in Ukraine, some clearly handmade."><img alt="A collection of open and closed shuttles in Ukraine, some clearly handmade." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83_%22%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F%22_2.jpg/240px-%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83_%22%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F%22_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83_%22%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F%22_2.jpg/360px-%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83_%22%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F%22_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83_%22%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F%22_2.jpg/480px-%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83_%22%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F%22_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A collection of open and closed shuttles in Ukraine, some clearly handmade.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balint-napra_keszitett_kalotaszegi_vetelo_1883-bol.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="This Transylvanian shuttle was a Valentine's Day gift."><img alt="This Transylvanian shuttle was a Valentine's Day gift." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Balint-napra_keszitett_kalotaszegi_vetelo_1883-bol.jpg/271px-Balint-napra_keszitett_kalotaszegi_vetelo_1883-bol.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Balint-napra_keszitett_kalotaszegi_vetelo_1883-bol.jpg/406px-Balint-napra_keszitett_kalotaszegi_vetelo_1883-bol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Balint-napra_keszitett_kalotaszegi_vetelo_1883-bol.jpg/541px-Balint-napra_keszitett_kalotaszegi_vetelo_1883-bol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1288" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">This Transylvanian shuttle was a Valentine's Day gift.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 261.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 259.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="These Assamese shuttles, presumably for very fine silk, are slender and do not hold much volume."><img alt="These Assamese shuttles, presumably for very fine silk, are slender and do not hold much volume." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B.jpg/389px-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B.jpg/583px-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B.jpg/777px-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1929" data-file-height="894" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">These Assamese shuttles, presumably for very fine silk, are slender and do not hold much volume.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shuttle_for_silk_weaving._Khotan,_Xinjiang._2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Asymmetric open boat shuttle, Khotan."><img alt="Asymmetric open boat shuttle, Khotan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Shuttle_for_silk_weaving._Khotan%2C_Xinjiang._2010.jpg/240px-Shuttle_for_silk_weaving._Khotan%2C_Xinjiang._2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Shuttle_for_silk_weaving._Khotan%2C_Xinjiang._2010.jpg/360px-Shuttle_for_silk_weaving._Khotan%2C_Xinjiang._2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Shuttle_for_silk_weaving._Khotan%2C_Xinjiang._2010.jpg/480px-Shuttle_for_silk_weaving._Khotan%2C_Xinjiang._2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Asymmetric open boat shuttle, <a href="/wiki/Khotan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khotan">Khotan</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bobbins_used_inside_shuttles.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Two end-feed pirns and a side-feed bobbin (bottom)"><img alt="Two end-feed pirns and a side-feed bobbin (bottom)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Bobbins_used_inside_shuttles.JPG/240px-Bobbins_used_inside_shuttles.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Bobbins_used_inside_shuttles.JPG/360px-Bobbins_used_inside_shuttles.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Bobbins_used_inside_shuttles.JPG/480px-Bobbins_used_inside_shuttles.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Two end-feed pirns and a side-feed bobbin (bottom)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rebozo-Weberei_in_San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD,_Mexico.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Simple closed, side-feed boat shuttle with a paper bobbin, Mexico"><img alt="Simple closed, side-feed boat shuttle with a paper bobbin, Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Rebozo-Weberei_in_San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD%2C_Mexico.jpg/270px-Rebozo-Weberei_in_San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD%2C_Mexico.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Rebozo-Weberei_in_San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD%2C_Mexico.jpg/405px-Rebozo-Weberei_in_San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD%2C_Mexico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Rebozo-Weberei_in_San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD%2C_Mexico.jpg/540px-Rebozo-Weberei_in_San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD%2C_Mexico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Simple closed, side-feed boat shuttle with a paper bobbin, Mexico</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 163.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 161.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shuttle_with_bobbin.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="How the conical pirn loads on an end-feed shuttle."><img alt="How the conical pirn loads on an end-feed shuttle." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Shuttle_with_bobbin.JPG/242px-Shuttle_with_bobbin.JPG" decoding="async" width="162" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Shuttle_with_bobbin.JPG/364px-Shuttle_with_bobbin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Shuttle_with_bobbin.JPG/485px-Shuttle_with_bobbin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2528" data-file-height="1878" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">How the conical pirn loads on an end-feed shuttle.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kangasteljed_Vormsi_rahvamajas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Using two shuttles for weft stripes, Estonia"><img alt="Using two shuttles for weft stripes, Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Kangasteljed_Vormsi_rahvamajas.jpg/135px-Kangasteljed_Vormsi_rahvamajas.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Kangasteljed_Vormsi_rahvamajas.jpg/202px-Kangasteljed_Vormsi_rahvamajas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Kangasteljed_Vormsi_rahvamajas.jpg/270px-Kangasteljed_Vormsi_rahvamajas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="4128" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Using two shuttles for weft stripes, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CSM_Textiles2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Weaving with three shuttles"><img alt="Weaving with three shuttles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/CSM_Textiles2.jpg/135px-CSM_Textiles2.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/CSM_Textiles2.jpg/202px-CSM_Textiles2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/CSM_Textiles2.jpg/270px-CSM_Textiles2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Weaving with three shuttles</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flying_shuttle">Flying shuttle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Flying shuttle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Flying_shuttle" title="Flying shuttle">Flying shuttle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narrow_cloth" title="Narrow cloth">Narrow cloth</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_3" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Handloom_Telar_artesanal_Webstuhl_02.ogv/272px--Handloom_Telar_artesanal_Webstuhl_02.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="182" height="120" data-durationhint="96" data-mwtitle="Handloom_Telar_artesanal_Webstuhl_02.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Handloom_Telar_artesanal_Webstuhl_02.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="424" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/Handloom_Telar_artesanal_Webstuhl_02.ogv/Handloom_Telar_artesanal_Webstuhl_02.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="218" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/Handloom_Telar_artesanal_Webstuhl_02.ogv/Handloom_Telar_artesanal_Webstuhl_02.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="362" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/Handloom_Telar_artesanal_Webstuhl_02.ogv/Handloom_Telar_artesanal_Webstuhl_02.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="544" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/Handloom_Telar_artesanal_Webstuhl_02.ogv/Handloom_Telar_artesanal_Webstuhl_02.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="544" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Handloom with a flying shuttle. The shuttle runs in a shuttle race attached to the front of the beater bar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_4" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Narrow_shuttle_loom.webm/320px--Narrow_shuttle_loom.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="214" height="120" data-durationhint="51" data-mwtitle="Narrow_shuttle_loom.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/18/Narrow_shuttle_loom.webm/Narrow_shuttle_loom.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Narrow_shuttle_loom.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/18/Narrow_shuttle_loom.webm/Narrow_shuttle_loom.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/18/Narrow_shuttle_loom.webm/Narrow_shuttle_loom.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/18/Narrow_shuttle_loom.webm/Narrow_shuttle_loom.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An early fully-automated loom. The arms at the sides can be seen swinging to bash the flying shuttle back and forth. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_5" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Jacquard_weefgetouw_in_actie.webm/320px--Jacquard_weefgetouw_in_actie.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="214" height="120" data-durationhint="34" data-mwtitle="Jacquard_weefgetouw_in_actie.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/Jacquard_weefgetouw_in_actie.webm/Jacquard_weefgetouw_in_actie.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/Jacquard_weefgetouw_in_actie.webm/Jacquard_weefgetouw_in_actie.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/Jacquard_weefgetouw_in_actie.webm/Jacquard_weefgetouw_in_actie.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Jacquard_weefgetouw_in_actie.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="av1, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/Jacquard_weefgetouw_in_actie.webm/Jacquard_weefgetouw_in_actie.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/Jacquard_weefgetouw_in_actie.webm/Jacquard_weefgetouw_in_actie.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/Jacquard_weefgetouw_in_actie.webm/Jacquard_weefgetouw_in_actie.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/Jacquard_weefgetouw_in_actie.webm/Jacquard_weefgetouw_in_actie.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The automated shuttle moves almost too fast to see</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 132px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:QSMM_Shuttles_2630ca.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Manufacture of a boxwood flying shuttle"><img alt="Manufacture of a boxwood flying shuttle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/QSMM_Shuttles_2630ca.JPG/195px-QSMM_Shuttles_2630ca.JPG" decoding="async" width="130" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/QSMM_Shuttles_2630ca.JPG/292px-QSMM_Shuttles_2630ca.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/QSMM_Shuttles_2630ca.JPG/389px-QSMM_Shuttles_2630ca.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1912" data-file-height="1768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Manufacture of a boxwood flying shuttle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gro%C3%9Fsch%C3%B6nau_-_muzeum_dama%C5%A1kov%C3%A9_a_smy%C4%8Dkov%C3%A9_tkaniny_7787.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="In the shuttle race."><img alt="In the shuttle race." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Gro%C3%9Fsch%C3%B6nau_-_muzeum_dama%C5%A1kov%C3%A9_a_smy%C4%8Dkov%C3%A9_tkaniny_7787.jpg/270px-Gro%C3%9Fsch%C3%B6nau_-_muzeum_dama%C5%A1kov%C3%A9_a_smy%C4%8Dkov%C3%A9_tkaniny_7787.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Gro%C3%9Fsch%C3%B6nau_-_muzeum_dama%C5%A1kov%C3%A9_a_smy%C4%8Dkov%C3%A9_tkaniny_7787.jpg/405px-Gro%C3%9Fsch%C3%B6nau_-_muzeum_dama%C5%A1kov%C3%A9_a_smy%C4%8Dkov%C3%A9_tkaniny_7787.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Gro%C3%9Fsch%C3%B6nau_-_muzeum_dama%C5%A1kov%C3%A9_a_smy%C4%8Dkov%C3%A9_tkaniny_7787.jpg/540px-Gro%C3%9Fsch%C3%B6nau_-_muzeum_dama%C5%A1kov%C3%A9_a_smy%C4%8Dkov%C3%A9_tkaniny_7787.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">In the shuttle race.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 95.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 93.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:19C_(late)_Japanese_hand_loom_with_flying_shuttle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Narrow tanmono loom with a shuttle race. Late 18-hundreds Japan."><img alt="Narrow tanmono loom with a shuttle race. Late 18-hundreds Japan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/19C_%28late%29_Japanese_hand_loom_with_flying_shuttle.jpg/140px-19C_%28late%29_Japanese_hand_loom_with_flying_shuttle.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/19C_%28late%29_Japanese_hand_loom_with_flying_shuttle.jpg/209px-19C_%28late%29_Japanese_hand_loom_with_flying_shuttle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/19C_%28late%29_Japanese_hand_loom_with_flying_shuttle.jpg/279px-19C_%28late%29_Japanese_hand_loom_with_flying_shuttle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Narrow <a href="/wiki/Tanmono" title="Tanmono">tanmono</a> loom with a shuttle race. Late 18-hundreds Japan.</div> </li> </ul> <p>Hand weavers who threw a shuttle could only weave <a href="/wiki/Narrow_cloth" title="Narrow cloth">a cloth as wide as their armspan</a>. If cloth needed to be wider, two people would do the task (often this would be an adult with a child). <a href="/wiki/John_Kay_(flying_shuttle)" title="John Kay (flying shuttle)">John Kay</a> (1704–1779) patented the <a href="/wiki/Flying_shuttle" title="Flying shuttle">flying shuttle</a> in 1733. The weaver held a picking stick that was attached by cords to a device at both ends of the shed. With a flick of the wrist, one cord was pulled and the shuttle was propelled through the shed to the other end with considerable force, speed and efficiency. A flick in the opposite direction and the shuttle was propelled back. A single weaver had control of this motion but the flying shuttle could weave much wider fabric than an arm's length at much greater speeds than had been achieved with the hand thrown shuttle. </p><p>The <i>flying shuttle</i> was one of the key developments in <a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">weaving</a> that helped fuel the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>. The whole picking motion no longer relied on manual skill and it was just a matter of time before it could be powered by something other than a human. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_6" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/M%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_Jacquard_01.webm/220px--M%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_Jacquard_01.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="21" data-mwtitle="Métier_à_tisser_Jacquard_01.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:M%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_Jacquard_01.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/M%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_Jacquard_01.webm/M%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_Jacquard_01.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/M%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_Jacquard_01.webm/M%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_Jacquard_01.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/M%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_Jacquard_01.webm/M%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_Jacquard_01.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/M%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_Jacquard_01.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/M%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_Jacquard_01.webm/M%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_Jacquard_01.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/M%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_Jacquard_01.webm/M%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_Jacquard_01.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/M%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_Jacquard_01.webm/M%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_Jacquard_01.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/M%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_Jacquard_01.webm/M%C3%A9tier_%C3%A0_tisser_Jacquard_01.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Jacquard ribbon loom, showing distinctive sliding ribbon shuttles.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weft_insertion_in_power_looms">Weft insertion in power looms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Weft insertion in power looms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greifer.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Greifer.JPG/220px-Greifer.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Greifer.JPG/330px-Greifer.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Greifer.JPG/440px-Greifer.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Picanol" title="Picanol">Picanol</a> rapier loom</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_7" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Computer%28tapijten%29_Weeknummer_66-18_-_Open_Beelden_-_23025.ogv/220px--Computer%28tapijten%29_Weeknummer_66-18_-_Open_Beelden_-_23025.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="180" data-durationhint="115" data-mwtitle="Computer(tapijten)_Weeknummer_66-18_-_Open_Beelden_-_23025.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Computer(tapijten)_Weeknummer_66-18_-_Open_Beelden_-_23025.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/Computer%28tapijten%29_Weeknummer_66-18_-_Open_Beelden_-_23025.ogv/Computer%28tapijten%29_Weeknummer_66-18_-_Open_Beelden_-_23025.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="352" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Computer%28tapijten%29_Weeknummer_66-18_-_Open_Beelden_-_23025.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="352" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/Computer%28tapijten%29_Weeknummer_66-18_-_Open_Beelden_-_23025.ogv/Computer%28tapijten%29_Weeknummer_66-18_-_Open_Beelden_-_23025.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="176" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/Computer%28tapijten%29_Weeknummer_66-18_-_Open_Beelden_-_23025.ogv/Computer%28tapijten%29_Weeknummer_66-18_-_Open_Beelden_-_23025.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="294" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption>Weft insertion at 15 seconds</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1906_Toyoda_Circular_Loom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/1906_Toyoda_Circular_Loom.jpg/220px-1906_Toyoda_Circular_Loom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/1906_Toyoda_Circular_Loom.jpg/330px-1906_Toyoda_Circular_Loom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/1906_Toyoda_Circular_Loom.jpg/440px-1906_Toyoda_Circular_Loom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1945" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>1906 Toyoda circular weaving loom</figcaption></figure> <p>Different types of power looms are most often defined by the way that the weft, or pick, is inserted into the warp. Many advances in weft insertion have been made in order to make manufactured cloth more cost effective. Weft insertion rate is a limiting factor in production speed. As of 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, industrial looms can weave at 2,000 <a href="/wiki/Weft" class="mw-redirect" title="Weft">weft insertions</a> per minute.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are five main types of weft insertion and they are as follows: </p> <ul><li>Shuttle: The first-ever powered looms were shuttle-type looms. Spools of weft are unravelled as the shuttle travels across the shed. This is very similar to projectile methods of weaving, except that the weft spool is stored on the shuttle. These looms are considered obsolete in modern industrial fabric manufacturing because they can only reach a maximum of 300 picks per minute.</li> <li>Air jet: An <a href="/wiki/Air_jet_loom" class="mw-redirect" title="Air jet loom">air-jet loom</a> uses short quick bursts of compressed air to propel the weft through the shed in order to complete the weave. Air jets are the fastest traditional method of weaving in modern manufacturing and they are able to achieve up to 1,500 picks per minute. However, the amounts of compressed air required to run these looms, as well as the complexity in the way the air jets are positioned, make them more costly than other looms.</li> <li>Water jet: Water-jet looms use the same principle as air-jet looms, but they take advantage of pressurized water to propel the weft. The advantage of this type of weaving is that water power is cheaper where water is directly available on site. Picks per minute can reach as high as 1,000.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapier_loom" title="Rapier loom">Rapier loom</a>: This type of weaving is very versatile, in that rapier looms can weave using a large variety of threads. There are several types of rapiers, but they all use a hook system attached to a rod or metal band to pass the pick across the shed. These machines regularly reach 700 picks per minute in normal production.</li> <li>Projectile: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Projectile_loom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Projectile loom (page does not exist)">Projectile looms</a> utilize an object that is propelled across the shed, usually by spring power, and is guided across the width of the cloth by a series of reeds. The projectile is then removed from the weft fibre and it is returned to the opposite side of the machine so it can be reused. Multiple projectiles are in use in order to increase the pick speed. Maximum speeds on these machines can be as high as 1,050 ppm.</li> <li>Circular: Modern circular looms use up to ten shuttles, driven in a circular motion from below by electromagnets, for the weft yarns, and cams to control the warp threads. The warps rise and fall with each shuttle passage, unlike the common practice of lifting all of them at once. Circular looms are used to create seamless tubes of fabric for products such as hosiery, sacks, clothing, fabric hoses (such as fire hoses) and the like.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battening">Battening</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Battening"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Beater_(weaving)" title="Beater (weaving)">Beater (weaving)</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 766.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 764.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Salish_Baton.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Coast Salish sword beater, North American west coast"><img alt="Coast Salish sword beater, North American west coast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Salish_Baton.JPG/1147px-Salish_Baton.JPG" decoding="async" width="765" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Salish_Baton.JPG/1721px-Salish_Baton.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Salish_Baton.JPG/2294px-Salish_Baton.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3441" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Coast_Salish" title="Coast Salish">Coast Salish</a> sword beater, North American west coast</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 129.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 127.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greekurnwithweavers_(cropped_to_warp-weighted_loom).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sword beaters (or battens) on upright looms are indeed swung like a sword"><img alt="Sword beaters (or battens) on upright looms are indeed swung like a sword" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Greekurnwithweavers_%28cropped_to_warp-weighted_loom%29.jpg/191px-Greekurnwithweavers_%28cropped_to_warp-weighted_loom%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Greekurnwithweavers_%28cropped_to_warp-weighted_loom%29.jpg/287px-Greekurnwithweavers_%28cropped_to_warp-weighted_loom%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Greekurnwithweavers_%28cropped_to_warp-weighted_loom%29.jpg/383px-Greekurnwithweavers_%28cropped_to_warp-weighted_loom%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="760" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sword beaters (or battens) on upright looms are indeed swung like a sword</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Egypt_-_Weaving.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sword beater on an Ancient Egyptian horizontal ground-pegged loom, being held by two people"><img alt="Sword beater on an Ancient Egyptian horizontal ground-pegged loom, being held by two people" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Egypt_-_Weaving.jpg/201px-Egypt_-_Weaving.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Egypt_-_Weaving.jpg/301px-Egypt_-_Weaving.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Egypt_-_Weaving.jpg/401px-Egypt_-_Weaving.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sword beater on an Ancient Egyptian horizontal ground-pegged loom, being held by two people</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 62px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 60px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Needle,_sword_beater,_pin_beater,_and_loom_weights,_Shechem_and_Dothan,_Iron_Age_I_and_II,_bone_or_fired_clay_-_Harvard_Semitic_Museum_-_Cambridge,_MA_-_DSC06036_(cropped_to_loom).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bone sword beater (2) and adjacent bone pin beater (3), Iron Age, Middle East"><img alt="Bone sword beater (2) and adjacent bone pin beater (3), Iron Age, Middle East" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Needle%2C_sword_beater%2C_pin_beater%2C_and_loom_weights%2C_Shechem_and_Dothan%2C_Iron_Age_I_and_II%2C_bone_or_fired_clay_-_Harvard_Semitic_Museum_-_Cambridge%2C_MA_-_DSC06036_%28cropped_to_loom%29.jpg/78px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="52" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Needle%2C_sword_beater%2C_pin_beater%2C_and_loom_weights%2C_Shechem_and_Dothan%2C_Iron_Age_I_and_II%2C_bone_or_fired_clay_-_Harvard_Semitic_Museum_-_Cambridge%2C_MA_-_DSC06036_%28cropped_to_loom%29.jpg/118px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Needle%2C_sword_beater%2C_pin_beater%2C_and_loom_weights%2C_Shechem_and_Dothan%2C_Iron_Age_I_and_II%2C_bone_or_fired_clay_-_Harvard_Semitic_Museum_-_Cambridge%2C_MA_-_DSC06036_%28cropped_to_loom%29.jpg/157px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1430" data-file-height="3270" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bone sword beater (2) and adjacent bone pin beater (3), Iron Age, Middle East</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Weaving_in_Braga_(cropped_to_weaving).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Weaving comb used for battening, Braga, Portugal"><img alt="Weaving comb used for battening, Braga, Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Weaving_in_Braga_%28cropped_to_weaving%29.JPG/273px-Weaving_in_Braga_%28cropped_to_weaving%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Weaving_in_Braga_%28cropped_to_weaving%29.JPG/409px-Weaving_in_Braga_%28cropped_to_weaving%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Weaving_in_Braga_%28cropped_to_weaving%29.JPG/545px-Weaving_in_Braga_%28cropped_to_weaving%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="769" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Weaving comb used for battening, Braga, Portugal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:QSMM_Pemberton_loom_2582.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Reed beater mounted in a beater bar"><img alt="Reed beater mounted in a beater bar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/QSMM_Pemberton_loom_2582.JPG/240px-QSMM_Pemberton_loom_2582.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/QSMM_Pemberton_loom_2582.JPG/360px-QSMM_Pemberton_loom_2582.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/QSMM_Pemberton_loom_2582.JPG/480px-QSMM_Pemberton_loom_2582.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Reed_(weaving)" title="Reed (weaving)">Reed beater</a> mounted in a beater bar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pettine-liccio.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rigid heddles are a shedding device that can also act as a reed."><img alt="Rigid heddles are a shedding device that can also act as a reed." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Pettine-liccio.JPG/135px-Pettine-liccio.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Pettine-liccio.JPG/202px-Pettine-liccio.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Pettine-liccio.JPG/270px-Pettine-liccio.JPG 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rigid_heddle" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigid heddle">Rigid heddles</a> are a shedding device that can also act as a reed.</div> </li> </ul> <p>The newest weft thread must be beaten against the fell. Battening can be done with a long stick placed in the shed parallel to the weft (a sword batten), a shorter stick threaded between the warp threads perpendicular to warp and weft (a pin batten), a comb, or a reed (a comb with both ends closed, so that it has to be sleyed, that is have the warp threads threaded through it, when the loom is warped). For rigid-heddle looms, the heddle may be used as a reed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secondary_motions">Secondary motions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Secondary motions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dandy_mechanism">Dandy mechanism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Dandy mechanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dandy_loom" title="Dandy loom">dandy loom</a></div> <p>Patented in 1802, <a href="/wiki/Dandy_loom" title="Dandy loom">dandy looms</a> automatically rolled up the finished cloth, keeping the fell always the same length. They significantly speeded up hand weaving (still a major part of the textile industry in the 1800s). Similar mechanisms were used in power looms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temples">Temples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Temples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:QSMM_Butterworth_%26_Dickinson_Loom_2681.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/QSMM_Butterworth_%26_Dickinson_Loom_2681.JPG/220px-QSMM_Butterworth_%26_Dickinson_Loom_2681.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/QSMM_Butterworth_%26_Dickinson_Loom_2681.JPG/330px-QSMM_Butterworth_%26_Dickinson_Loom_2681.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/QSMM_Butterworth_%26_Dickinson_Loom_2681.JPG/440px-QSMM_Butterworth_%26_Dickinson_Loom_2681.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A temple on a loom</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Temple_(weaving)" title="Temple (weaving)">temple (weaving)</a></div> <p>The temples act to keep the cloth from shrinking sideways as it is woven. Some warp-weighted looms had temples made of <a href="/wiki/Loom_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Loom weight">loom weights</a>, suspended by strings so that they pulled the cloth breadthwise.<sup id="cite_ref-Pakenham_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pakenham-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other looms may have temples tied to the frame, or temples that are hooks with an adjustable shaft between them. Power looms may use temple cylinders. Pins can leave a series of holes in the <a href="/wiki/Selvage" title="Selvage">selvages</a> (these may be from <a href="/wiki/Stenter" title="Stenter">stenter pins</a> used in post-processing). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Handlooms_to_power_looms">Handlooms to power looms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Handlooms to power looms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="handloom"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Power_loom" title="Power loom">Power loom</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_8" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/QSMM_Two_Lancashire_looms.ogv/220px--QSMM_Two_Lancashire_looms.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="189" data-mwtitle="QSMM_Two_Lancashire_looms.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:QSMM_Two_Lancashire_looms.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/QSMM_Two_Lancashire_looms.ogv/QSMM_Two_Lancashire_looms.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/QSMM_Two_Lancashire_looms.ogv/QSMM_Two_Lancashire_looms.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/QSMM_Two_Lancashire_looms.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/QSMM_Two_Lancashire_looms.ogv/QSMM_Two_Lancashire_looms.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /></video></span><figcaption>Two Lancashire looms in the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Street_Mill" title="Queen Street Mill">Queen Street Mill</a> weaving shed, <a href="/wiki/Burnley" title="Burnley">Burnley</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_9" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Weben_in_der_Tuchfabrik_M%C3%BCller.ogv/220px--Weben_in_der_Tuchfabrik_M%C3%BCller.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="95" data-mwtitle="Weben_in_der_Tuchfabrik_Müller.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Weben_in_der_Tuchfabrik_M%C3%BCller.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Weben_in_der_Tuchfabrik_M%C3%BCller.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1024" data-height="576" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Weben_in_der_Tuchfabrik_M%C3%BCller.ogv/Weben_in_der_Tuchfabrik_M%C3%BCller.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Weben_in_der_Tuchfabrik_M%C3%BCller.ogv/Weben_in_der_Tuchfabrik_M%C3%BCller.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Weben_in_der_Tuchfabrik_M%C3%BCller.ogv/Weben_in_der_Tuchfabrik_M%C3%BCller.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Weben_in_der_Tuchfabrik_M%C3%BCller.ogv/Weben_in_der_Tuchfabrik_M%C3%BCller.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>A 1939 loom working at the <a href="/wiki/Mueller_Cloth_Mill" title="Mueller Cloth Mill">Mueller Cloth Mill</a> museum in <a href="/wiki/Euskirchen" title="Euskirchen">Euskirchen</a>, Germany.</figcaption></figure> <p>A power loom is a loom powered by a source of energy other than the weaver's muscles. When power looms were developed, other looms came to be referred to as <i>handlooms</i>. Most cloth is now woven on power looms, but some is still woven on handlooms.<sup id="cite_ref-Know_Your_Handlooms_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Know_Your_Handlooms-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The development of power looms was gradual. The capabilities of power looms gradually expanded, but handlooms remained the most cost-effective way to make some types of textiles for most of the 1800s. Many improvements in loom mechanisms were first applied to hand looms (like the <a href="/wiki/Dandy_loom" title="Dandy loom">dandy loom</a>), and only later integrated into power looms. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Cartwright" title="Edmund Cartwright">Edmund Cartwright</a> built and patented a <a href="/wiki/Power_loom" title="Power loom">power loom</a> in 1785, and it was this that was adopted by the nascent cotton industry in England. The silk loom made by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Vaucanson" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Vaucanson">Jacques Vaucanson</a> in 1745 operated on the same principles but was not developed further. The invention of the <a href="/wiki/Flying_shuttle" title="Flying shuttle">flying shuttle</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Kay_(flying_shuttle)" title="John Kay (flying shuttle)">John Kay</a> allowed a hand weaver to weave <a href="/wiki/Broadwoven_cloth" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadwoven cloth">broadwoven cloth</a> without an assistant, and was also critical to the development of a commercially successful power loom.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarsden189557_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsden189557-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cartwright's loom was impractical but the ideas behind it were developed by numerous inventors in the Manchester area of England. By 1818, there were 32 factories containing 5,732 looms in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuest182346_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuest182346-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Horrocks_loom" title="Horrocks loom">Horrocks loom</a> was viable, but it was the <a href="/wiki/Roberts_Loom" title="Roberts Loom">Roberts Loom</a> in 1830 that marked the turning point.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarsden189576_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsden189576-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Incremental changes to the three motions continued to be made. The problems of sizing, stop-motions, consistent take-up, and a <a href="/wiki/Temple_(weaving)" title="Temple (weaving)">temple</a> to maintain the width remained. In 1841, Kenworthy and <a href="/wiki/Howard_%26_Bullough" title="Howard & Bullough">Bullough</a> produced the <a href="/wiki/Lancashire_Loom" title="Lancashire Loom">Lancashire Loom</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarsden189594_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsden189594-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was self-acting or semi-automatic. This enabled a youngster to run six looms at the same time. Thus, for simple calicos, the power loom became more economical to run than the handloom – with complex patterning that used a dobby or Jacquard head, jobs were still <a href="/wiki/Domestic_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic system">put out</a> to handloom weavers until the 1870s. Incremental changes were made such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dickinson_Loom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dickinson Loom (page does not exist)">Dickinson Loom</a>, culminating in the fully automatic <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Loom" title="Northrop Loom">Northrop Loom</a>, developed by the <a href="/wiki/Keighley" title="Keighley">Keighley</a>-born inventor Northrop, who was working for the <a href="/wiki/Draper_Corporation" title="Draper Corporation">Draper Corporation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hopedale,_Massachusetts" title="Hopedale, Massachusetts">Hopedale</a>. This loom recharged the shuttle when the <a href="/wiki/Pirn" title="Pirn">pirn</a> was empty. The Draper E and X models became the leading products from 1909. They were challenged by synthetic fibres such as <a href="/wiki/Rayon" title="Rayon">rayon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMass1990_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMass1990-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1942, faster, more efficient, and shuttleless <a href="/wiki/Sulzer_(manufacturer)" title="Sulzer (manufacturer)">Sulzer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rapier_loom" title="Rapier loom">rapier looms</a> had been introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollier1970111_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollier1970111-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbolism_and_cultural_significance">Symbolism and cultural significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Symbolism and cultural significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The loom is a symbol of <a href="/wiki/Creation_myth" title="Creation myth">cosmic creation</a> and the structure upon which individual destiny is woven. This symbolism is encapsulated in the <a href="/wiki/Classical_mythology" title="Classical mythology">classical myth</a> of <a href="/wiki/Arachne" title="Arachne">Arachne</a> who was changed into a spider by the goddess <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a>, who was jealous of her skill at the godlike craft of weaving.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya civilization</a> the goddess <a href="/wiki/Ixchel" title="Ixchel">Ixchel</a> taught the first woman how to weave at the beginning of time.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Model_of_Loom,_late_19th_century,_02.255.2253.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Model of Navajo Loom, late 19th century, Brooklyn Museum.jpg"><img alt="Model of Navajo Loom, late 19th century, Brooklyn Museum.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Model_of_Loom%2C_late_19th_century%2C_02.255.2253.jpg/241px-Model_of_Loom%2C_late_19th_century%2C_02.255.2253.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Model_of_Loom%2C_late_19th_century%2C_02.255.2253.jpg/362px-Model_of_Loom%2C_late_19th_century%2C_02.255.2253.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Model_of_Loom%2C_late_19th_century%2C_02.255.2253.jpg/483px-Model_of_Loom%2C_late_19th_century%2C_02.255.2253.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1146" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Model of Navajo Loom</i>, late 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>.jpg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 106px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 104px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japaneseweavera.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An early nineteenth century Japanese loom with several heddles, which the weaver controls with her foot"><img alt="An early nineteenth century Japanese loom with several heddles, which the weaver controls with her foot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Japaneseweavera.jpg/156px-Japaneseweavera.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Japaneseweavera.jpg/233px-Japaneseweavera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Japaneseweavera.jpg/311px-Japaneseweavera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2593" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An early nineteenth century <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> loom with several heddles, which the weaver controls with her foot</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 179.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 177.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JakaltekBackstrapWeaving.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Jakaltek Maya brocades a hair sash on a back strap loom."><img alt="A Jakaltek Maya brocades a hair sash on a back strap loom." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/JakaltekBackstrapWeaving.jpg/266px-JakaltekBackstrapWeaving.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/JakaltekBackstrapWeaving.jpg/399px-JakaltekBackstrapWeaving.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/JakaltekBackstrapWeaving.jpg/532px-JakaltekBackstrapWeaving.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="439" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Jakaltek_people" title="Jakaltek people">Jakaltek</a> Maya brocades a hair sash on a back strap loom.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 120.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 118.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hjerl_Hede,_krosno_tkackie,_ubt.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Handloom at Hjerl Hede, Denmark, showing grayish warp threads (back) and cloth woven with red filling yarn (front)"><img alt="Handloom at Hjerl Hede, Denmark, showing grayish warp threads (back) and cloth woven with red filling yarn (front)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Hjerl_Hede%2C_krosno_tkackie%2C_ubt.jpeg/178px-Hjerl_Hede%2C_krosno_tkackie%2C_ubt.jpeg" decoding="async" width="119" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Hjerl_Hede%2C_krosno_tkackie%2C_ubt.jpeg/267px-Hjerl_Hede%2C_krosno_tkackie%2C_ubt.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Hjerl_Hede%2C_krosno_tkackie%2C_ubt.jpeg/357px-Hjerl_Hede%2C_krosno_tkackie%2C_ubt.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="722" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Handloom at Hjerl Hede, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, showing grayish warp threads (back) and cloth woven with red filling yarn (front)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 76.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 74.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alberto_S%C3%A1nchez_Mart%C3%ADnez_working.tiff" class="mw-file-description" title="Oaxacan artisan Alberto Sanchez Martinez at loom"><img alt="Oaxacan artisan Alberto Sanchez Martinez at loom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Alberto_S%C3%A1nchez_Mart%C3%ADnez_working.tiff/lossy-page1-112px-Alberto_S%C3%A1nchez_Mart%C3%ADnez_working.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Alberto_S%C3%A1nchez_Mart%C3%ADnez_working.tiff/lossy-page1-168px-Alberto_S%C3%A1nchez_Mart%C3%ADnez_working.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Alberto_S%C3%A1nchez_Mart%C3%ADnez_working.tiff/lossy-page1-224px-Alberto_S%C3%A1nchez_Mart%C3%ADnez_working.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1871" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Oaxacan artisan Alberto Sanchez Martinez at loom</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 178px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 176px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Korkosz_Croft_in_Czarna_G%C3%B3ra_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Handloom at the Korkosz Croft in Czarna Góra, Poland, 19th century"><img alt="Handloom at the Korkosz Croft in Czarna Góra, Poland, 19th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/The_Korkosz_Croft_in_Czarna_G%C3%B3ra_01.jpg/264px-The_Korkosz_Croft_in_Czarna_G%C3%B3ra_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/The_Korkosz_Croft_in_Czarna_G%C3%B3ra_01.jpg/395px-The_Korkosz_Croft_in_Czarna_G%C3%B3ra_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/The_Korkosz_Croft_in_Czarna_G%C3%B3ra_01.jpg/527px-The_Korkosz_Croft_in_Czarna_G%C3%B3ra_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5456" data-file-height="3728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Handloom at the Korkosz Croft in Czarna Góra, Poland, 19th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stelles_Sluti%C5%A1%C4%B7u_vectic%C4%ABbnieku_lauku_s%C4%93t%C4%81.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A loom in an Old Believer homestead in Slutiški, Latvia"><img alt="A loom in an Old Believer homestead in Slutiški, Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Stelles_Sluti%C5%A1%C4%B7u_vectic%C4%ABbnieku_lauku_s%C4%93t%C4%81.jpg/240px-Stelles_Sluti%C5%A1%C4%B7u_vectic%C4%ABbnieku_lauku_s%C4%93t%C4%81.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Stelles_Sluti%C5%A1%C4%B7u_vectic%C4%ABbnieku_lauku_s%C4%93t%C4%81.jpg/360px-Stelles_Sluti%C5%A1%C4%B7u_vectic%C4%ABbnieku_lauku_s%C4%93t%C4%81.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Stelles_Sluti%C5%A1%C4%B7u_vectic%C4%ABbnieku_lauku_s%C4%93t%C4%81.jpg/480px-Stelles_Sluti%C5%A1%C4%B7u_vectic%C4%ABbnieku_lauku_s%C4%93t%C4%81.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A loom in an <a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believer</a> homestead in <a href="/wiki/Sluti%C5%A1ki" title="Slutiški">Slutiški</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Handloom_in_an_exhibition_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Handloom from India"><img alt="Handloom from India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Handloom_in_an_exhibition_002.jpg/240px-Handloom_in_an_exhibition_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Handloom_in_an_exhibition_002.jpg/360px-Handloom_in_an_exhibition_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Handloom_in_an_exhibition_002.jpg/480px-Handloom_in_an_exhibition_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Handloom from India</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Handloom_Weaver_in_an_exhibition_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Weaver from India showing handloom during an exhibition"><img alt="Weaver from India showing handloom during an exhibition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Handloom_Weaver_in_an_exhibition_1.jpg/240px-Handloom_Weaver_in_an_exhibition_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Handloom_Weaver_in_an_exhibition_1.jpg/360px-Handloom_Weaver_in_an_exhibition_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Handloom_Weaver_in_an_exhibition_1.jpg/480px-Handloom_Weaver_in_an_exhibition_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Weaver from India showing handloom during an exhibition</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 634px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 632px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greekurnwithweavers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Grecian urn showing a warp-weighted loom"><img alt="A Grecian urn showing a warp-weighted loom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Greekurnwithweavers.jpg/948px-Greekurnwithweavers.jpg" decoding="async" width="632" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Greekurnwithweavers.jpg/1422px-Greekurnwithweavers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Greekurnwithweavers.jpg/1895px-Greekurnwithweavers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="760" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Grecian urn showing a <a href="/wiki/Warp-weighted_loom" title="Warp-weighted loom">warp-weighted loom</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bunkar:_The_Last_of_the_Varanasi_Weavers" title="Bunkar: The Last of the Varanasi Weavers">Bunkar: The Last of the Varanasi Weavers</a></i> (documentary film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_and_Textile_Museum" title="Fashion and Textile Museum">Fashion and Textile Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacturing" title="Textile manufacturing">Textile manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">Timeline of clothing and textiles technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weaving (mythology)">Weaving (mythology)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-_loom" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=loom">"loom"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=loom&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3Dloom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=loom">"loom - Origin and meaning of loom by Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>. <i>www.etymonline.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.etymonline.com&rft.atitle=loom+-+Origin+and+meaning+of+loom+by+Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dloom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=warp">"warp - Search Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>. <i>www.etymonline.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.etymonline.com&rft.atitle=warp+-+Search+Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fallowed_in_frame%3D0%26search%3Dwarp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Collier_1970_104-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Collier_1970_104_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Collier_1970_104_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollier1970">Collier 1970</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoster1978" class="citation book cs1">Koster, Joan (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140302081647/http://www.cd3wd.com/cd3wd_40/vita/handloom/en/handloom.htm"><i>Handloom Construction: A Practical Guide for the Non-Expert</i></a>. Volunteers in Technical Assistance, Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cd3wd.com/cd3wd_40/vita/handloom/en/handloom.htm">the original</a> on 2 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handloom+Construction%3A+A+Practical+Guide+for+the+Non-Expert&rft.pub=Volunteers+in+Technical+Assistance%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Koster&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cd3wd.com%2Fcd3wd_40%2Fvita%2Fhandloom%2Fen%2Fhandloom.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent1957" class="citation journal cs1">Kent, Kate P. (1957). "The Cultivation and Weaving of Cotton in the Prehistoric Southwestern United States". <i>Transactions of the American Philosophical Society</i>. <b>47</b> (3): 485. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1005732">10.2307/1005732</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015017458095">2027/mdp.39015017458095</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1005732">1005732</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.atitle=The+Cultivation+and+Weaving+of+Cotton+in+the+Prehistoric+Southwestern+United+States&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=485&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015017458095&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1005732%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1005732&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Kate+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLush2017" class="citation web cs1">Lush, Emily (9 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetextileatlas.com/craft-stories/tnalak-weaving-philippines">"Making of: T'nalak Weaving, Philippines"</a>. <i>The Textile Atlas</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Textile+Atlas&rft.atitle=Making+of%3A+T%27nalak+Weaving%2C+Philippines&rft.date=2017-12-09&rft.aulast=Lush&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetextileatlas.com%2Fcraft-stories%2Ftnalak-weaving-philippines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whitechampa.com/craft/abaca/">"Abaca"</a>. <i>White Champa</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=White+Champa&rft.atitle=Abaca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhitechampa.com%2Fcraft%2Fabaca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edwards,_1952-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Edwards,_1952_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards1975" class="citation book cs1">Edwards, A. Cecil (1975). <i>The Persian carpet : a survey of the carpet-weaving industry of Persia</i> (Reprinted 1952 ed.). London: Duckworth. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0715602560" title="Special:BookSources/978-0715602560"><bdi>978-0715602560</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persian+carpet+%3A+a+survey+of+the+carpet-weaving+industry+of+Persia&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Reprinted+1952&rft.pub=Duckworth&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0715602560&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=A.+Cecil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-farahan-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-farahan_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://farahancarpet.com/types-of-carpets-loom/">"Types of carpets loom and knowledge of its components"</a>. <i>Farahan Carpet</i>. 18 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Farahan+Carpet&rft.atitle=Types+of+carpets+loom+and+knowledge+of+its+components&rft.date=2021-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffarahancarpet.com%2Ftypes-of-carpets-loom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunoOlendorf1997" class="citation book cs1">Bruno, Leonard C.; Olendorf, Donna (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sciencetechnolog0000brun"><i>Science and technology firsts</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Gale_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Gale Research">Gale Research</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sciencetechnolog0000brun/page/2">2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780787602567" title="Special:BookSources/9780787602567"><bdi>9780787602567</bdi></a>. <q>4400 B.C. Earliest evidence of the use of a horizontal loom is its depiction on a pottery dish found in Egypt and dated to this time. These first true frame looms are equipped with foot pedals to lift the warp threads, leaving the weaver's hands free to pass and beat the weft thread.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+and+technology+firsts&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Gale+Research&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780787602567&rft.aulast=Bruno&rft.aufirst=Leonard+C.&rft.au=Olendorf%2C+Donna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsciencetechnolog0000brun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Know_Your_Handlooms-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Know_Your_Handlooms_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Know_Your_Handlooms_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dastkarandhra.com/know/know-your-handlooms/">"Know Your Handlooms"</a>. <i>DAMA Handloom Store</i>. 2020-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DAMA+Handloom+Store&rft.atitle=Know+Your+Handlooms&rft.date=2020-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdastkarandhra.com%2Fknow%2Fknow-your-handlooms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201174856/https://artless-store.com/blogs/the-artless-way/handloom-vs-powerloom">"Handloom VS Powerloom"</a>. 19 March 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artless-store.com/blogs/the-artless-way/handloom-vs-powerloom">the original</a> on 2020-12-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Handloom+VS+Powerloom&rft.date=2020-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartless-store.com%2Fblogs%2Fthe-artless-way%2Fhandloom-vs-powerloom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bas-lisse">https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bas-lisse</a> and the other 3 entries</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On darning loom function: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.miupie.com/Darning-Mini-Wooden-Loom-Machine-p3176174.html">"Darning Mini Wooden Loom Machine"</a>. <i>Miupie</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Miupie&rft.atitle=Darning+Mini+Wooden+Loom+Machine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.miupie.com%2FDarning-Mini-Wooden-Loom-Machine-p3176174.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span> (commercial site, but with animation showing how it works)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorley2022" class="citation web cs1">Morley, Jasmin (8 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://purlandfriends.com/blogs/news/darning-loom-instructions">"Darning Loom Instructions"</a>. <i>Purl and Friends</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Purl+and+Friends&rft.atitle=Darning+Loom+Instructions&rft.date=2022-09-08&rft.aulast=Morley&rft.aufirst=Jasmin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpurlandfriends.com%2Fblogs%2Fnews%2Fdarning-loom-instructions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF[not_given]2021" class="citation web cs1">[not given], Allison (27 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ontheneedles.com/tag/darning-loom/">"Darning loom"</a>. <i>On the Needles</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=On+the+Needles&rft.atitle=Darning+loom&rft.date=2021-12-27&rft.aulast=%5Bnot+given%5D&rft.aufirst=Allison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fontheneedles.com%2Ftag%2Fdarning-loom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ragandmagpie.co.uk/blog/how-to-use-a-1940s-speede-weve">"How To Use A 1940s "Speed weve" Darner [repost of original 1940s instruction manual]"</a>. <i>Rag & Magpie</i>. 16 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rag+%26+Magpie&rft.atitle=How+To+Use+A+1940s+%22Speed+weve%22+Darner+%5Brepost+of+original+1940s+instruction+manual%5D&rft.date=2014-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fragandmagpie.co.uk%2Fblog%2Fhow-to-use-a-1940s-speede-weve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aroundthetableyarns.com/katrinkles-darning-loom/">"Katrinkles Darning Loom"</a>. <i>Around the Table Yarns</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Around+the+Table+Yarns&rft.atitle=Katrinkles+Darning+Loom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faroundthetableyarns.com%2Fkatrinkles-darning-loom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span> (darning loom without heddles, just a comb, for knits).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyne2021" class="citation web cs1">Boyne, Jo (3 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arosetintedworld.co.uk/how-to-use-a-speedweve-loom-to-mend-clothes/">"How To Use A Speedweve Loom To Mend Clothes ⋆ A Rose Tinted World"</a>. <i>A Rose Tinted World</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Rose+Tinted+World&rft.atitle=How+To+Use+A+Speedweve+Loom+To+Mend+Clothes+%E2%8B%86+A+Rose+Tinted+World&rft.date=2021-10-03&rft.aulast=Boyne&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arosetintedworld.co.uk%2Fhow-to-use-a-speedweve-loom-to-mend-clothes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span> (<b>not an independent source</b>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worthmending.com/pages/swift">"the Swift Darning Loom from Worth Mending"</a>. <i>Worth Mending</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Worth+Mending&rft.atitle=the+Swift+Darning+Loom+from+Worth+Mending&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworthmending.com%2Fpages%2Fswift&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.instructables.com/Make-Your-Own-Darning-Looms/">"Make Your Own Darning Looms"</a>. <i>Instructables</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Instructables&rft.atitle=Make+Your+Own+Darning+Looms&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instructables.com%2FMake-Your-Own-Darning-Looms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glowforge.com/discover/t/85971/speedweve-style-darning-loom">"Speedweve Style Darning Loom | Glowforge"</a>. <i>glowforge.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=glowforge.com&rft.atitle=Speedweve+Style+Darning+Loom+%7C+Glowforge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglowforge.com%2Fdiscover%2Ft%2F85971%2Fspeedweve-style-darning-loom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJocelyn_C.2008" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Jocelyn C. (22 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIA53WfVv04"><i>How to: Cast on/Knit using a Circular Loom</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211114/XIA53WfVv04">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2016</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to%3A+Cast+on%2FKnit+using+a+Circular+Loom&rft.date=2008-12-22&rft.au=Jocelyn+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DXIA53WfVv04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pakenham-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pakenham_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pakenham_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pakenham_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Article describing the experimental reconstruction of the 6th-7th century <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://suffolkinstitute.pdfsrv.co.uk/customers/Suffolk%20Institute/2014/01/10/Volume%20XXXIX%20Part%203%20(1999)_Anglo-Saxon%20loom%20from%20Pakenham%20Suffolk%20S%20J%20Plunkett_273%20to%20298.pdf#search=loom">Anglo-Saxon warp-weighted loom from Pakenham, Suffolk</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.miupie.com/Darning-Mini-Wooden-Loom-Machine-p3176174.html">"Darning Mini Wooden Loom Machine"</a>. <i>Miupie</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Miupie&rft.atitle=Darning+Mini+Wooden+Loom+Machine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.miupie.com%2FDarning-Mini-Wooden-Loom-Machine-p3176174.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span> (commercial site, but with animation showing how it works), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorley2022" class="citation web cs1">Morley, Jasmin (8 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://purlandfriends.com/blogs/news/darning-loom-instructions">"Darning Loom Instructions"</a>. <i>Purl and Friends</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Purl+and+Friends&rft.atitle=Darning+Loom+Instructions&rft.date=2022-09-08&rft.aulast=Morley&rft.aufirst=Jasmin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpurlandfriends.com%2Fblogs%2Fnews%2Fdarning-loom-instructions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF[not_given]2021" class="citation web cs1">[not given], Allison (27 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ontheneedles.com/tag/darning-loom/">"Darning loom"</a>. <i>On the Needles</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=On+the+Needles&rft.atitle=Darning+loom&rft.date=2021-12-27&rft.aulast=%5Bnot+given%5D&rft.aufirst=Allison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fontheneedles.com%2Ftag%2Fdarning-loom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ragandmagpie.co.uk/blog/how-to-use-a-1940s-speede-weve">"How To Use A 1940s "Speed weve" Darner [repost of original 1940s instruction manual]"</a>. <i>Rag & Magpie</i>. 16 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rag+%26+Magpie&rft.atitle=How+To+Use+A+1940s+%22Speed+weve%22+Darner+%5Brepost+of+original+1940s+instruction+manual%5D&rft.date=2014-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fragandmagpie.co.uk%2Fblog%2Fhow-to-use-a-1940s-speede-weve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnham198048-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurnham198048_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurnham1980">Burnham 1980</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-broudy_1979_124-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-broudy_1979_124_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-broudy_1979_124_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBroudy1979">Broudy 1979</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForbes1987218,_220-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForbes1987218,_220_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFForbes1987">Forbes 1987</a>, pp. 218, 220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCeccarelliLópez-Cajún2012" class="citation book cs1">Ceccarelli, Marco; López-Cajún, Carlos (2012). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/explorationshist00moon"><i>Explorations in the History of Machines and Mechanisms: Proceedings of HMM2012 (History of Mechanism and Machine Science)</i></a></span>. Springer. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/explorationshist00moon/page/n226">219</a>–220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9400799448" title="Special:BookSources/978-9400799448"><bdi>978-9400799448</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Explorations+in+the+History+of+Machines+and+Mechanisms%3A+Proceedings+of+HMM2012+%28History+of+Mechanism+and+Machine+Science%29&rft.pages=219-220&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-9400799448&rft.aulast=Ceccarelli&rft.aufirst=Marco&rft.au=L%C3%B3pez-Caj%C3%BAn%2C+Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fexplorationshist00moon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUsher2011" class="citation book cs1">Usher, Abbott Payson (2011). <i>A History of Mechanical Inventions</i>. Dover Publications. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0486255934" title="Special:BookSources/978-0486255934"><bdi>978-0486255934</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Mechanical+Inventions&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0486255934&rft.aulast=Usher&rft.aufirst=Abbott+Payson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobsbawm2008" class="citation book cs1">Hobsbawm, Eric (2008) [1962]. <i>The Age of Revolution</i>. London. p. 45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Revolution&rft.place=London&rft.pages=45&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Hobsbawm&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090105170019/http://www.christinalynn.com/fabric-glossary.shtml">"Fabric Glossary"</a>. <i>Christina Lynn</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christinalynn.com/fabric-glossary.shtml">the original</a> on 5 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christina+Lynn&rft.atitle=Fabric+Glossary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christinalynn.com%2Ffabric-glossary.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERazy1913120-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERazy1913120_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRazy1913">Razy 1913</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeselowitz2016" class="citation news cs1">Geselowitz, Michael N. (18 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180401074908/http://theinstitute.ieee.org/tech-history/technology-history/the-jacquard-loom-a-driver-of-the-industrial-revolution">"The Jacquard Loom: A Driver of the Industrial Revolution"</a>. <i>The Institute: The IEEE news source</i>. IEEE. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theinstitute.ieee.org/tech-history/technology-history/the-jacquard-loom-a-driver-of-the-industrial-revolution">the original</a> on 1 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Institute%3A+The+IEEE+news+source&rft.atitle=The+Jacquard+Loom%3A+A+Driver+of+the+Industrial+Revolution&rft.date=2016-07-18&rft.aulast=Geselowitz&rft.aufirst=Michael+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheinstitute.ieee.org%2Ftech-history%2Ftechnology-history%2Fthe-jacquard-loom-a-driver-of-the-industrial-revolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://betweenandetc.com/product/tapestry-weaving-with-soumak/">"Tapestry Weaving with Soumak"</a>. <i>Between and Etc</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Between+and+Etc.&rft.atitle=Tapestry+Weaving+with+Soumak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbetweenandetc.com%2Fproduct%2Ftapestry-weaving-with-soumak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChurchill_Candee1912" class="citation book cs1">Churchill Candee, Helen (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/26151/26151-h/26151-h.htm"><i>The Tapestry Book</i></a> (The Project Gutenberg eBook [EBook #26151] ed.). Fredrick A. Stokes.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tapestry+Book&rft.edition=The+Project+Gutenberg+eBook+%5BEBook+%2326151%5D&rft.pub=Fredrick+A.+Stokes&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Churchill+Candee&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F26151%2F26151-h%2F26151-h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schacht-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-schacht_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://schachtspindle.com/blog/choosing-the-right-shuttle-for-the-job/">"Choosing the Right Shuttle for the Job"</a>. <i>Schacht Spindle Company</i>. 20 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Schacht+Spindle+Company&rft.atitle=Choosing+the+Right+Shuttle+for+the+Job&rft.date=2021-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fschachtspindle.com%2Fblog%2Fchoosing-the-right-shuttle-for-the-job%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stickflatrag-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stickflatrag_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stickflatrag_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoncreif" class="citation magazine cs1">Moncreif, Liz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://handwovenmagazine.com/choosing-and-using-shuttles-stick-shuttles-flat-shuttles-and-rag-shuttles/">"Choosing and Using Shuttles: Stick Shuttles, Flat Shuttles, and Rag Shuttles"</a>. <i>Handwoven Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Handwoven+Magazine&rft.atitle=Choosing+and+Using+Shuttles%3A+Stick+Shuttles%2C+Flat+Shuttles%2C+and+Rag+Shuttles&rft.aulast=Moncreif&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhandwovenmagazine.com%2Fchoosing-and-using-shuttles-stick-shuttles-flat-shuttles-and-rag-shuttles%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rugski-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rugski_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoncreif" class="citation magazine cs1">Moncreif, Liz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://handwovenmagazine.com/choosing-and-using-shuttles-rug-and-ski/">"Choosing and Using Shuttles: Rug and Ski"</a>. <i>Handwoven Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Handwoven+Magazine&rft.atitle=Choosing+and+Using+Shuttles%3A+Rug+and+Ski&rft.aulast=Moncreif&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhandwovenmagazine.com%2Fchoosing-and-using-shuttles-rug-and-ski%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boat-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-boat_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoncreif" class="citation magazine cs1">Moncreif, Liz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://handwovenmagazine.com/choosing-and-using-shuttles-boat-shuttles-bobbins-and-quills/">"Choosing and Using Shuttles—Boat Shuttles, Bobbins, and Quills"</a>. <i>Handwoven Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Handwoven+Magazine&rft.atitle=Choosing+and+Using+Shuttles%E2%80%94Boat+Shuttles%2C+Bobbins%2C+and+Quills&rft.aulast=Moncreif&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhandwovenmagazine.com%2Fchoosing-and-using-shuttles-boat-shuttles-bobbins-and-quills%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-endboat-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-endboat_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoncreif" class="citation web cs1">Moncreif, Liz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://handwovenmagazine.com/choosing-and-using-shuttles-double-bobbin-boat-shuttles-and-end-feed/">"Choosing and Using Shuttles: Double-Bobbin Boat Shuttles and End-Feed Shuttles"</a>. <i>Handwoven Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Handwoven+Magazine&rft.atitle=Choosing+and+Using+Shuttles%3A+Double-Bobbin+Boat+Shuttles+and+End-Feed+Shuttles&rft.aulast=Moncreif&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhandwovenmagazine.com%2Fchoosing-and-using-shuttles-double-bobbin-boat-shuttles-and-end-feed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-woodworks-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-woodworks_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blusterbaywoodworks.com/shuttles/">"Weaving Shuttles"</a>. Bluster Bay Woodworks.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weaving+Shuttles&rft.pub=Bluster+Bay+Woodworks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblusterbaywoodworks.com%2Fshuttles%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajagopalan" class="citation web cs1">Rajagopalan, S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101129031824/http://www.pdexcil.org/news/40N1002/advances.htm">"Advances in Weaving Technology and Looms"</a>. S.S.M. College of Engineering, Komarapalayam. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pdexcil.org/news/40N1002/advances.htm">the original</a> on 29 November 2010 – via Pdexcil.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Advances+in+Weaving+Technology+and+Looms&rft.pub=S.S.M.+College+of+Engineering%2C+Komarapalayam&rft.aulast=Rajagopalan&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pdexcil.org%2Fnews%2F40N1002%2Fadvances.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.starlinger.com/en/packaging/circular-looms/">"Circular Looms"</a>. <i>Starlinger</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Starlinger&rft.atitle=Circular+Looms&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.starlinger.com%2Fen%2Fpackaging%2Fcircular-looms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsden189557-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarsden189557_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarsden1895">Marsden 1895</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuest182346-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuest182346_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuest1823">Guest 1823</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsden189576-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarsden189576_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarsden1895">Marsden 1895</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsden189594-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarsden189594_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarsden1895">Marsden 1895</a>, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMass1990-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMass1990_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMass1990">Mass 1990</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollier1970111-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollier1970111_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollier1970">Collier 1970</a>, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTresidder1997" class="citation book cs1">Tresidder, Jack (1997). <i>The Hutchinson Dictionary of Symbols</i>. London: Helicon Publishers. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85986-059-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-85986-059-1"><bdi>1-85986-059-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hutchinson+Dictionary+of+Symbols&rft.place=London&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Helicon+Publishers&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-85986-059-1&rft.aulast=Tresidder&rft.aufirst=Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenbaum1990" class="citation journal cs1">Rosenbaum, Brenda P. (1990). "Mayan Women, Weaving and Ethnic Identity: a Historical Essay". <i>Guatemala: Museo Ixchel del Traje Indigena</i>: 157–169.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guatemala%3A+Museo+Ixchel+del+Traje+Indigena&rft.atitle=Mayan+Women%2C+Weaving+and+Ethnic+Identity%3A+a+Historical+Essay&rft.pages=157-169&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Rosenbaum&rft.aufirst=Brenda+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarber1991" class="citation book cs1">Barber, E. J. W. (1991). <i>Prehistoric Textiles</i>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-00224-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-00224-X"><bdi>0-691-00224-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prehistoric+Textiles&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-691-00224-X&rft.aulast=Barber&rft.aufirst=E.+J.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroudy1979" class="citation book cs1">Broudy, Eric (1979). <i>The Book of Looms: A History of the Handloom from Ancient Times to the Present</i>. Hanover and London: University Press of New England. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780874516494" title="Special:BookSources/9780874516494"><bdi>9780874516494</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Looms%3A+A+History+of+the+Handloom+from+Ancient+Times+to+the+Present&rft.place=Hanover+and+London&rft.pub=University+Press+of+New+England&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=9780874516494&rft.aulast=Broudy&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnham1980" class="citation book cs1">Burnham, Dorothy K. (1980). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warpwefttextilet0000burn"><i>Warp and Weft: A Textile Terminology</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ontario_Museum" title="Royal Ontario Museum">Royal Ontario Museum</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88854-256-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-88854-256-9"><bdi>0-88854-256-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warp+and+Weft%3A+A+Textile+Terminology&rft.pub=Royal+Ontario+Museum&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-88854-256-9&rft.aulast=Burnham&rft.aufirst=Dorothy+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarpwefttextilet0000burn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollier1970" class="citation book cs1">Collier, Ann M. (1970). <i>A Handbook of Textiles</i>. Pergamon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-08-018057-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-08-018057-4"><bdi>0-08-018057-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Handbook+of+Textiles&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-08-018057-4&rft.aulast=Collier&rft.aufirst=Ann+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowfoot1937" class="citation journal cs1">Crowfoot, Grace (November 1937). "Of the Warp-Weighted Loom". <i>The Annual of the British School at Athens</i>. <b>37</b>: 36–47. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0068245400017950">10.1017/s0068245400017950</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:193172489">193172489</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annual+of+the+British+School+at+Athens&rft.atitle=Of+the+Warp-Weighted+Loom&rft.volume=37&rft.pages=36-47&rft.date=1937-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0068245400017950&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A193172489%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Crowfoot&rft.aufirst=Grace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForbes1987" class="citation book cs1">Forbes, R. J. (1987). <i>Studies in Ancient Technology, Volume 4</i>. Leiden / New York: E. J. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004083073" title="Special:BookSources/9004083073"><bdi>9004083073</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Ancient+Technology%2C+Volume+4&rft.place=Leiden+%2F+New+York&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9004083073&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.aufirst=R.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuest1823" class="citation book cs1">Guest, Richard (1823). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spinningtheweb.org.uk/a_results.php?x=7&y=2&QueryName=KeyWord&KeyWords=Compendious+History"><i>The Compendious History of Cotton-Manufacture</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Compendious+History+of+Cotton-Manufacture&rft.date=1823&rft.aulast=Guest&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spinningtheweb.org.uk%2Fa_results.php%3Fx%3D7%26y%3D2%26QueryName%3DKeyWord%26KeyWords%3DCompendious%2BHistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsden1895" class="citation book cs1">Marsden, Richard (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180629155159/http://www2.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/books.html"><i>Cotton Weaving: Its Development, Principles, and Practice</i></a>. George Bell & Sons. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/books.html">the original</a> on 2018-06-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cotton+Weaving%3A+Its+Development%2C+Principles%2C+and+Practice&rft.pub=George+Bell+%26+Sons&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Marsden&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.arizona.edu%2Fpatterns%2Fweaving%2Fbooks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMass1990" class="citation journal cs1">Mass, William (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.org/~business/bhcweb/publications/BEHprint/v019/p0234-p0244.pdf">"The Decline of a Technology Leader:Capability, strategy and shuttleless Weaving"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Business and Economic History</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0894-6825">0894-6825</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050429023807/http://www.h-net.org/~business/bhcweb/publications/BEHprint/v019/p0234-p0244.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2005-04-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+and+Economic+History&rft.atitle=The+Decline+of+a+Technology+Leader%3ACapability%2C+strategy+and+shuttleless+Weaving&rft.date=1990&rft.issn=0894-6825&rft.aulast=Mass&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.h-net.org%2F~business%2Fbhcweb%2Fpublications%2FBEHprint%2Fv019%2Fp0234-p0244.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRazy1913" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Razy, C. (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1CxEKUOCWv8C"><i>Étude analytique des petits modèles de métiers exposés au musée des tissus</i></a> (in French). Lyon, France: Musée historique des tissus.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C3%89tude+analytique+des+petits+mod%C3%A8les+de+m%C3%A9tiers+expos%C3%A9s+au+mus%C3%A9e+des+tissus&rft.place=Lyon%2C+France&rft.pub=Mus%C3%A9e+historique+des+tissus&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Razy&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1CxEKUOCWv8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVentura2003" class="citation book cs1">Ventura, Carol (2003). <i>Maya Hair Sashes Backstrap Woven in Jacaltenango, Guatemala, Cintas Mayas tejidas con el telar de cintura en Jacaltenango, Guatemala</i>. Carol Ventura. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9721253-1-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-9721253-1-0"><bdi>0-9721253-1-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maya+Hair+Sashes+Backstrap+Woven+in+Jacaltenango%2C+Guatemala%2C+Cintas+Mayas+tejidas+con+el+telar+de+cintura+en+Jacaltenango%2C+Guatemala&rft.pub=Carol+Ventura&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-9721253-1-0&rft.aulast=Ventura&rft.aufirst=Carol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoom" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loom&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/loom" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:loom">loom</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Looms" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Looms">Looms</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=flUCPh9AsS0">Loom demonstration video</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.woolfestival.com/articles/loomcare.htm">"Caring for your loom" article</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20011222203427/http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu/~dvess/ids/fap/weav.html">"The Art and History of Weaving"</a></li> <li>The Medieval Technology Pages: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904045102/http://scholar.chem.nyu.edu/tekpages/loom.html">"The Horizontal Loom"</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Weaving" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Weaving" title="Template:Weaving"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Weaving" title="Template talk:Weaving"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Weaving" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Weaving"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Weaving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weaves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basketweave_(weaving)" title="Basketweave (weaving)">Basketweave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charvet_(fabric)" title="Charvet (fabric)">Charvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woven_coverlet" title="Woven coverlet">Coverlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobby_(cloth)" title="Dobby (cloth)">Dobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_cloth" title="Double cloth">Double weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Even-weave" class="mw-redirect" title="Even-weave">Even-weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabardine" title="Gabardine">Gabardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampas" title="Lampas">Lampas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leno_weave" title="Leno weave">Leno weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_(cloth)" title="Oxford (cloth)">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pile_weave" title="Pile weave">Pile weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piqu%C3%A9_(weaving)" title="Piqué (weaving)">Piqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_weave" title="Plain weave">Plain weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satin" title="Satin">Satin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shot_silk" title="Shot silk">Shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swivel_weave" title="Swivel weave">Swivel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twill" title="Twill">Twill</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Swedish_weaving.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Swedish_weaving.jpg/120px-Swedish_weaving.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Swedish_weaving.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="253" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp_and_weft" title="Warp and weft">Warp and weft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">Yarn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools and techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barber-Colman_knotter" title="Barber-Colman knotter">Barber-Colman knotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beamer_(occupation)" title="Beamer (occupation)">Beamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braid" title="Braid">Braid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilkat_weaving" title="Chilkat weaving">Chilkat weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingerweaving" title="Fingerweaving">Fingerweaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_shuttle" title="Flying shuttle">Flying shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heddle" title="Heddle">Heddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikat" title="Ikat">Ikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkle_weaving" class="mw-redirect" title="Inkle weaving">Inkle weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasuri" title="Kasuri">Kasuri</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_weaving" title="Navajo weaving">Navajo weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pibiones" title="Pibiones">Pibiones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_(weaving)" title="Reed (weaving)"> Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salish_weaving" title="Salish weaving">Salish weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed_(weaving)" title="Shed (weaving)">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_(weaving)" title="Shuttle (weaving)">Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizing" title="Sizing">Sizing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Textile_sizing_machine" title="Textile sizing machine">Sizing machine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablet_weaving" title="Tablet weaving">Tablet weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talim_(textiles)" title="Talim (textiles)">Talim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81niko" title="Tāniko">Tāniko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapestry" title="Tapestry">Tapestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_(weaving)" title="Temple (weaving)">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_(construction)" title="Wattle (construction)">Wattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicker" title="Wicker">Wicker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resin_wicker" title="Resin wicker">Resin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">looms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air-jet_loom" title="Air-jet loom">Air-jet loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandy_loom" title="Dandy loom">Dandy loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobby_loom" title="Dobby loom">Dobby loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattersley_loom" title="Hattersley loom">Hattersley loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horrocks_loom" title="Horrocks loom">Horrocks loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacquard_loom" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacquard loom">Jacquard loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_Loom" title="Lancashire Loom">Lancashire loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Loom" title="Northrop Loom">Northrop loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_loom" title="Power loom">Power loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapier_loom" title="Rapier loom">Rapier loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Loom" title="Roberts Loom">Roberts loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp-weighted_loom" title="Warp-weighted loom">Warp-weighted loom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weavers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acesas" title="Acesas">Acesas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anni_Albers" title="Anni Albers">Anni Albers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otti_Berger" title="Otti Berger">Otti Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micheline_Beauchemin" title="Micheline Beauchemin">Micheline Beauchemin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johanna_Brunsson" title="Johanna Brunsson">Johanna Brunsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Dietz" title="Ada Dietz">Ada Dietz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ferguson_%26_Co_Ltd" title="Thomas Ferguson & Co Ltd">Thomas Ferguson & Co Ltd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Forsell" title="Elisabeth Forsell">Elisabeth Forsell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Liebes" title="Dorothy Liebes">Dorothy Liebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Mairet" title="Ethel Mairet">Ethel Mairet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Elisabet_%C3%96berg" title="Maria Elisabet Öberg">Maria Elisabet Öberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Reich" title="Lilly Reich">Lilly Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaretha_Reichardt" title="Margaretha Reichardt">Margaretha Reichardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rylands" title="John Rylands">John Rylands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitta_Scherzenfeldt" title="Brigitta Scherzenfeldt">Brigitta Scherzenfeldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Sherman" title="Clara Sherman">Clara Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunta_St%C3%B6lzl" title="Gunta Stölzl">Gunta Stölzl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judocus_de_Vos" title="Judocus de Vos">Judocus de Vos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaretha_Zetterberg" title="Margaretha Zetterberg">Margaretha Zetterberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Employment practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/More_looms" title="More looms">More looms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissing_the_shuttle" title="Kissing the shuttle">Kissing the shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piece-rate_list" title="Piece-rate list">Piece-rate list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bancroft_Shed" title="Bancroft Shed">Bancroft Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Street_Mill" title="Queen Street Mill">Queen Street Mill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173056#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4064913-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85078318">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00572105">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007536157905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Loom&oldid=1256460834">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Loom&oldid=1256460834</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Egyptian_inventions" title="Category:Egyptian inventions">Egyptian inventions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Han_dynasty" title="Category:Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Machines" title="Category:Machines">Machines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Textile_industry" title="Category:Textile industry">Textile industry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Textile_engineering" title="Category:Textile engineering">Textile engineering</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Weaving_equipment" title="Category:Weaving equipment">Weaving equipment</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_failed_verification" title="Category:All articles with failed verification">All articles with failed verification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_failed_verification_from_February_2022" title="Category:Articles with failed verification from February 2022">Articles with failed verification from February 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_explicitly_cited_English-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text">Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_self-contradictory_articles" title="Category:All self-contradictory articles">All self-contradictory articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Self-contradictory_articles_from_January_2023" title="Category:Self-contradictory articles from January 2023">Self-contradictory articles from January 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2010" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_January_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2023">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 November 2024, at 01:15<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Loom&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-846d5d75fc-2vsdp","wgBackendResponseTime":161,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.921","walltime":"1.349","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4989,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":122486,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4175,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":25,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":297214,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1120.239 1 -total"," 23.96% 268.402 1 Template:Reflist"," 8.54% 95.719 27 Template:Cite_web"," 7.50% 84.067 1 Template:Transliteration"," 7.19% 80.500 1 Template:Oed"," 6.13% 68.660 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.81% 65.071 9 Template:Sfn"," 5.58% 62.467 1 Template:Weaving"," 5.40% 60.483 1 Template:Navbox"," 4.98% 55.818 17 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.527","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16874276,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF\u0026#91;not_given\u0026#93;2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBarber1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoyne2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBroudy1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrunoOlendorf1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurnham1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCeccarelliLópez-Cajún2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChurchill_Candee1912\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollier1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrowfoot1937\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdwards1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForbes1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeselowitz2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuest1823\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHobsbawm2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJocelyn_C.2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKent1957\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoster1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLush2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarsden1895\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMass1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoncreif\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFMorley2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRajagopalan\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRazy1913\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenbaum1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTresidder1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUsher2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVentura2003\"] = 1,\n [\"Drawloom\"] = 1,\n [\"Figure_harness\"] = 1,\n [\"Weft_insertion\"] = 1,\n [\"handloom\"] = 1,\n [\"picking\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 3,\n [\"Asof\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 17,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite video\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 27,\n [\"Clarify\"] = 1,\n [\"Clear\"] = 6,\n [\"Cn\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Contradictory inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 2,\n [\"Failed verification\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 2,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 14,\n [\"Oed\"] = 1,\n [\"Ordered list\"] = 1,\n [\"Other uses\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See above\"] = 2,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 9,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Transliteration\"] = 1,\n [\"Weaving\"] = 1,\n [\"Wiktionary\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-dfbf9","timestamp":"20241125143055","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Loom","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Loom","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q173056","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q173056","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-03-29T14:48:02Z","dateModified":"2024-11-10T01:15:20Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6a\/Pedal-driven-weaving-machine.jpg","headline":"device for weaving textiles"}</script> </body> </html>