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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ringtone</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86" title="نغمة رنين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نغمة رنين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Рингтон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рингтон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/So_de_trucada_entrant" title="So de trucada entrant – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="So de trucada entrant" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringetone" title="Ringetone – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ringetone" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingelton" title="Klingelton – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Klingelton" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tono_de_llamada" title="Tono de llamada – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tono de llamada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%86%DA%AF" title="نوای زنگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوای زنگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnerie_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9phonique" title="Sonnerie téléphonique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sonnerie téléphonique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8" title="રિંગટોન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રિંગટોન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A8%EC%86%8C%EB%A6%AC" title="벨소리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벨소리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="रिंगटोन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रिंगटोन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nada_dering" title="Nada dering – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nada dering" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hringit%C3%B3nn" title="Hringitónn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hringitónn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suoneria" title="Suoneria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Suoneria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="רינגטון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רינגטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ರಿಂಗ್‌ಟೋನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಿಂಗ್‌ಟೋನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cseng%C5%91hang" title="Csengőhang – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csengőhang" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beltoon" title="Beltoon – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Beltoon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9D%80%E4%BF%A1%E9%9F%B3" title="着信音 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="着信音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Рингтон – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Рингтон" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skringeltoon" title="Skringeltoon – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Skringeltoon" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringetone" title="Ringetone – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ringetone" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzwonek_telefoniczny" title="Dzwonek telefoniczny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dzwonek telefoniczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_de_chamada" title="Tom de chamada – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tom de chamada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Рингтон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рингтон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilja" title="Zilja – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zilja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soitto%C3%A4%C3%A4ni" title="Soittoääni – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Soittoääni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringsignal" title="Ringsignal – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ringsignal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="เสียงเรียกเข้า – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เสียงเรียกเข้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Рингтон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рингтон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E9%93%83%E5%A3%B0" title="电话铃声 – Chinese" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sound made by a telephone to indicate an incoming call or text message</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Ringing_tone" title="Ringing tone">Ringing tone</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ringtone_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ringtone (disambiguation)">Ringtone (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="24" data-mwtitle="Model_500_Telephone_British_ring.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Model_500_Telephone_British_ring.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Model_500_Telephone_British_ring.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/Model_500_Telephone_British_ring.ogg/Model_500_Telephone_British_ring.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Ringing noise from an electromechanical telephone</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="5" data-mwtitle="Do-Re-Tone.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Do-Re-Tone.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Do-Re-Tone.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/Do-Re-Tone.ogg/Do-Re-Tone.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Example of a short digital tune which could be used as a ringtone on a <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phone</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>ringtone</b> is the sound made by a <a href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">telephone</a> to indicate an incoming telephone call. Originally referring to the sound of electromechanical striking of bells or gongs, the term refers to any sound by any device alerting of an incoming call. </p><p>On <a href="/wiki/Plain_old_telephone_service" title="Plain old telephone service">plain old telephone services</a> (POTS), starting in the late 19th century, the signal is created by superimposing ringing voltage on the direct current line voltage. Electronic telephones could produce a warbling, chirping, or other sounds. Variations of the cadence or tone of the ring signal, called <i>distinctive ringing</i>, can be used to indicate characteristics of incoming calls. </p><p>Modern telephones, especially <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a>, are manufactured with a preloaded selection of ringtones. Customers can buy or generate custom ringtones for installation on the device as a default ringtone or a distinctive ringtone used to indicate characteristics of incoming calls. Digital ringtones were a large market in the 2000s, at its peak generating up to $4 billion in worldwide sales in 2004, but the market declined steeply by the end of the decade. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_and_history">Background and history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ringtone&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background and history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bell_of_the_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bell_of_the_1900.jpg/220px-Bell_of_the_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bell_of_the_1900.jpg/330px-Bell_of_the_1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bell_of_the_1900.jpg/440px-Bell_of_the_1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Electromechanical ringer in a 20th century landline telephone</figcaption></figure> <p>A telephone rings when the telephone network indicates an incoming call, so that the recipient is alerted of the call attempt. <a href="/wiki/Landline" title="Landline">Landline</a> telephones typically receive an electric alternating current signal, called <i>power ringing</i> or <i>ringing signal</i>, generated by the <a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange" title="Telephone exchange">telephone exchange</a> to which the telephone is connected. The ringing current originally operated an <a href="/wiki/Electric_bell" title="Electric bell">electric bell</a>. For mobile phones, the network sends a message to the recipient's device, which may activate a sound, or a visual or vibrating indication. </p><p>On a <a href="/wiki/Plain_old_telephone_service" title="Plain old telephone service">POTS</a> interface, this signal is created by superimposing ringing voltage atop the −48 VDC already on the line. This is done at the Central Office, or a neighborhood multiplexer called an "SLC" for Subscriber Line Carrier. (SLC is a trademark of Alcatel-Lucent, but is often used generically.) Telephones with electromagnetic ringers are still in widespread use. The ringing signal in North America is normally specified at ca. 90 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volts</a> AC with a frequency of 20 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">hertz</a>. In Europe it is around 60–90 VAC with a frequency of 25 Hz. Some non-<a href="/wiki/Bell_Telephone_Company" title="Bell Telephone Company">Bell Company</a> system party lines in the US used multiple frequencies for selective ringing. Ringing voltage is produced by various sources. Large central offices used motor-driven generator sets for both ringing and other signals such as dial tone and busy signals. In smaller offices, special sub-cycle<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> magnetic oscillators were used. Typically, solid-state oscillators have replaced them. Originally this voltage was used to trigger an electromagnet to ring a bell installed inside the telephone, or in a nearby mounted ringer box. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fixed_phone" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixed phone">Fixed phones</a> of the late 20th century and later detect this ringing current voltage and trigger a warbling tone electronically. Mobile phones have been fully digital since the early 1990s second-generation ("2G") devices, hence are signaled to ring as part of the protocol they use to communicate with the cell base stations. </p><p>While the sound produced is still called a "ring",<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some phones electronically produce a warbling, <a href="/wiki/Chirp" title="Chirp">chirping</a>, or other sound. Variation of the ring signal can be used to indicate characteristics of incoming calls. For example, ringing bursts with a shorter interval between them might be used to signal a call from a given number. </p><p>In POTS switching systems, ringing is said to be "tripped" when the impedance of the entire telephone line (<i>local loop</i>) is reduced when the telephone handset is lifted off the hook. This signals that the telephone call has been answered. The telephone exchange immediately removes the ringing signal from the line and connects the call. </p><p>The ringing pattern is known as ring cadence, in which the high voltage ring current is switched on and off to create the pattern. In North America, the standard ring cadence is two seconds of ringing followed by four seconds of silence. In Australia and the UK, the standard ring cadence is 400 ms on, 200 ms off, 400 ms on, 2000 ms off. These patterns may vary from region to region, and other patterns are used in different countries around the world. Some central offices offer <a href="/wiki/Distinctive_ring" title="Distinctive ring">distinctive ring</a> to identify one of multiple telephone numbers assigned to the same line, a pattern once widely used on <a href="/wiki/Party_line_(telephony)" title="Party line (telephony)">party line (telephony)</a>. </p><p>In many systems, including North America <a href="/wiki/Bellcore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellcore">Bellcore</a> standards, <a href="/wiki/Caller_ID" title="Caller ID">Caller ID</a> signals are sent during the silent interval between the first and second bursts of the ringing signals. </p><p>The caller is informed about the progress of the call by the <a href="/wiki/Ringing_tone" title="Ringing tone">audible ringing signal</a>, often called <i>ringback tone</i>. Power ringing and audible ringing are not generally synchronized. </p><p>Seven different gong combinations for the "C" type ringer were included in the model <a href="/wiki/Model_500_telephone" title="Model 500 telephone">500</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Electric_model_2500_telephone" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Electric model 2500 telephone">2500</a> landline telephone sets. These gongs provided "distinctive tones" for hearing-impaired customers and also made it possible to distinguish the specific telephone that was ringing when several telephones were placed in close proximity.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A "Bell Chime" was also offered, which could be set to sound like a doorbell or to ring like a standard telephone. </p><p>While rings, ringers, ring signals, or what might be viewed as the call signals which are the predecessors of ringtones, date back to the beginnings of telephony, modern ringtones appeared in the 1960s and have expanded into tunes and many customizable tones or melodies.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arguably the first ringtone (in the modern sense) appeared in the movie <i><a href="/wiki/Our_Man_Flint" title="Our Man Flint">Our Man Flint</a></i> in 1966, where the head of the secret government agency had a red phone that connected directly to the President and rang with a distinctive musical ringtone.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FeAp_92-1a_-_main_PCB_-_ITT_SAA_1094-2-8636.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/FeAp_92-1a_-_main_PCB_-_ITT_SAA_1094-2-8636.jpg/220px-FeAp_92-1a_-_main_PCB_-_ITT_SAA_1094-2-8636.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/FeAp_92-1a_-_main_PCB_-_ITT_SAA_1094-2-8636.jpg/330px-FeAp_92-1a_-_main_PCB_-_ITT_SAA_1094-2-8636.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/FeAp_92-1a_-_main_PCB_-_ITT_SAA_1094-2-8636.jpg/440px-FeAp_92-1a_-_main_PCB_-_ITT_SAA_1094-2-8636.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3356" data-file-height="1888" /></a><figcaption>A tone ringer IC: <a href="/wiki/ITT_Inc." title="ITT Inc.">ITT</a> SAA 1094</figcaption></figure> <p>Following a 1975 <a href="/wiki/FCC_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="FCC (US)">FCC</a> <a href="/wiki/Carterfone_decision" class="mw-redirect" title="Carterfone decision">ruling which permitted third-party devices</a> to be connected to phone lines, manufacturers produced accessory telephone ringers which rang with electronic tones or melodies rather than mechanical bells. People also made their own ringers which used the chip from a musical <a href="/wiki/Greeting_card" title="Greeting card">greeting card</a> to play a melody on the arrival of a call.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One such ringer, described in a 1989 book, even features a toy dog which barks and wags its tail when a call arrives.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, electronic telephone ringers became the norm. Some of these ringers produced a single tone, but others produced a sequence of two or three tones or a musical melody.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some novelty phones have a ringer to match, such as a duck that quacks or a car that honks its horn. </p><p>Polyphonic ringtone technology dates back to 1999, when the <a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Corporation" title="Yamaha Corporation">Yamaha</a> MA-1 sound chip was introduced, including four 2-op <a href="/wiki/FM_synthesis" class="mw-redirect" title="FM synthesis">FM synthesis</a> channels.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ringtones played on the MA series chips are in the MIDI-based <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_music_mobile_application_format" title="Synthetic music mobile application format">synthetic music mobile application format</a> (SMAF). It was succeeded by the MA-2 in 2000, which includes 16 channels with support for ADPCM samples, and the MA-3 in 2001 which includes 32 FM channels and 8 wavetable channels. One of the first software-based polyphonic synths included on phones was miniBAE, developed by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dolby" title="Thomas Dolby">Thomas Dolby</a>'s audio technology company <a href="/wiki/Beatnik_(company)" title="Beatnik (company)">Beatnik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-memoir_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-memoir-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is an optimized version of Beatnik Audio Engine, which was previously used in products such as <a href="/wiki/WebTV" class="mw-redirect" title="WebTV">WebTV</a>. The first phone to include this synth was the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_3510" title="Nokia 3510">Nokia 3510</a>, released in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ringtone&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Truetone" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/True_Tone_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="True Tone (disambiguation)">True Tone</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Realtone" redirects here. For the company formerly known as Realtone Electronics, see <a href="/wiki/SDI_Technologies" title="SDI Technologies">SDI Technologies</a>.</div> <ul><li>Monophonic: The original ringtones play only one note at a time.</li> <li>Polyphonic: A polyphonic ringtone can consist of several notes at a time. The first polyphonic ring tones used <a href="/wiki/Music_sequencer" title="Music sequencer">sequenced recording</a> methods such as <a href="/wiki/Musical_Instrument_Digital_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical Instrument Digital Interface">MIDI</a>. Such recordings specify what synthetic instrument should play a note at a given time, and the actual instrument sound is dependent upon the playback device. Later, synthesized instruments could be included along with the composition data, which allowed for more varied sounds beyond the built-in sound bank of each phone.</li> <li>Truetone: A <b>truetone</b>, also known as <i>realtone</i>, <i>Jayliar tone</i>, <i>superphonic</i> ringtone, is an <a href="/wiki/Audio_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio recording">audio recording</a>, typically in a common format such as <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a> or <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</a>. Truetones, which are often excerpts from songs, became popular as ringtones. The first truetone service was started by au in December 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "My Gift to You" by <a href="/wiki/Chemistry_(band)" title="Chemistry (band)">Chemistry</a> was the first song to be distributed as a truetone.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This truetone (in Japanese <i>chaku-uta</i>) was released in time for Chemistry's concert tour in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sing tone: A sing tone is a ringtone created in <a href="/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke">karaoke</a> style, combining a user's recorded voice with a <a href="/wiki/Backing_track" title="Backing track">backing track</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Encoding_formats">Encoding formats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ringtone&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Encoding formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most modern phones support ringtones in <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a> format, and other common audio formats such as <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ogg_Vorbis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogg Vorbis">Ogg Vorbis</a>, <a href="/wiki/FLAC" title="FLAC">FLAC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a> are often supported as well. Less common formats include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3GP" class="mw-redirect" title="3GP">3GP</a>: A multimedia container format that can be used for video ringtones.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_multi-rate_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaptive multi-rate compression">AMR</a>: Audio compression format specialized in speech used by Nokia before mp3 became standard.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMelody" class="mw-redirect" title="EMelody">eMelody</a>: Older <a href="/wiki/Monophonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophonic">monophonic</a> Ericsson format.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMelody" title="IMelody">iMelody</a>: Monophonic format developed by Ericsson to replace eMelody.</li> <li>KWS: <a href="/wiki/Kyocera" title="Kyocera">Kyocera</a>'s ringer format.</li> <li>MOT: An older ringer format for Motorola phones.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Macro_Language" title="Music Macro Language">Music Macro Language</a> (MML), originally used in early computer and video games, later used in <a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> implementations and ringtones</li> <li>.nrt / .rng / .rt / .ext: <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>'s monophonic format.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> / <a href="/wiki/SCKL" title="SCKL">SCKL</a> / OTT: Nokia <a href="/wiki/Smart_Messaging" title="Smart Messaging">Smart Messaging</a> format. Allows users to share ringtones via text message.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDB_(Palm_OS)" title="PDB (Palm OS)">PDB</a>: Palm database. This is the format used to load ringtones on PDA phones such as the Kyocera 6035 and the Handspring Treo.</li> <li>PMD: Format co-created by Qualcomm and Japanese company Faith which can include <a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a>, sampled (<a href="/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation" title="Pulse-code modulation">PCM</a>) audio, static graphics, animation, text, vibration and LED events.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/QCP" title="QCP">QCP</a>: File format generated by <a href="/wiki/QCELP" class="mw-redirect" title="QCELP">Qualcomm PureVoice</a> software. Especially well-suited for simple vocal recordings.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Music_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Rich Music Format">RMF</a>: a polyphonic format with embedded audio used on <a href="/wiki/Symbian" title="Symbian">Symbian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danger_Hiptop" title="Danger Hiptop">Danger Hiptop</a> devices.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_Tone_Transfer_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring Tone Transfer Language">RTTTL</a>/RTX: Nokia-developed text formats for Smart Messaging.</li> <li>Samsung: Proprietary key press format.</li> <li>Siemens: Can create and read in a Siemens text file format.</li> <li>Siemens SEO: Siemens SEO binary format.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_Music_Mobile_Application_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic Music Mobile Application Format">SMAF</a>: Yamaha music format that combines MIDI with instrument sound data (aka <a href="/wiki/Module_file" title="Module file">Module files</a>). Filenames have the extension "MMF" or "MLD".</li> <li>SRT: Sipura ringtone for <a href="/wiki/Sipura_Technology" title="Sipura Technology">Sipura Technology</a> VoIP phones.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_XMF" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile XMF">Mobile XMF</a>: Many of <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>'s 2004-2013 phones support this format.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Generation_software">Generation software</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ringtone&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Generation software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A ringtone maker is an application that converts a user chosen song or other audio file for use as a ringtone of a mobile phone. The ringtone file is installed in the mobile phone either by direct cable connection, Bluetooth, text messaging, or e-mail. On many websites, users may create ringtones from <a href="/wiki/Digital_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital music">digital music</a> or audio. </p><p>The earliest ringtone maker was Harmonium, developed by Vesa-Matti Paananen, a Finnish computer programmer, and released in 1997 for use with <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> smart messaging.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ny2005_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ny2005-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some phone manufacturers included features for users to create music tones, either with a "melody composer" or a sample/loop arranger, such as the MusicDJ software included on many Sony Ericsson phones. These often use encoding formats only available to one particular phone model or brand. Other formats, such as MIDI or MP3, are often supported; they must be downloaded to the phone before they can be used as a normal ringtone.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (October 2016)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2005, "SmashTheTones", now "<a href="/wiki/Mobile17" title="Mobile17">Mobile17</a>", became the first third-party solution for ringtone creation online without requiring downloadable software or a <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_editor" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital audio editor">digital audio editor</a>. Later, iPhones included the ability to create a ringtone from a song purchased with the iTunes library.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercial_sales_and_popularity">Commercial sales and popularity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ringtone&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Commercial sales and popularity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 1996, <a href="/wiki/KDDI" title="KDDI">IDO</a> sold Digital Minimo D319 by <a href="/wiki/Denso" title="Denso">Denso</a>. It was the first mobile phone where a user could input an original melody, rather than having to use preloaded melodies. These phones proved to be popular in Japan, with a book<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> being published in 1998 providing details about how to customize phones to play snippets of popular songs, selling more than 3.5 million copies. </p><p>The first downloadable mobile ringtone service was created and delivered in Finland in 1998 when <a href="/wiki/Radiolinja" title="Radiolinja">Radiolinja</a> (a Finnish mobile operator now known as <a href="/wiki/Elisa_Oyj" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisa Oyj">Elisa</a>) started their service called Harmonium, invented by Vesa-Matti Pananen.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harmonium contained both tools for individuals to create monophonic ring tones and a mechanism to deliver them over-the-air (OTA) via <a href="/wiki/Short_message_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Short message service">SMS</a> to a mobile handset. In November 1998, Digitalphone Groupe (<a href="/wiki/SoftBank_Mobile" class="mw-redirect" title="SoftBank Mobile">SoftBank Mobile</a>) started a similar service in Japan. </p><p>Andy Clarke, while working for UK phone provider Orange, helped created the B5 Ringtone License with the UK's <a href="/wiki/Mechanical-Copyright_Protection_Society" title="Mechanical-Copyright Protection Society">Mechanical-Copyright Protection Society</a> in 1998. In 1999, Clarke registered ringtone.net and setup what is believed to be the world's first "legal" ringtone business. Scott Memphis, leader singer of Sunday Morning Sanctuary, wrote a 2010 hit entitled, "Ringtones & Lullabies" inspired by with the B5 Ringtone Licensing of 1998. </p><p>The fact that consumers were willing to pay up to $5 for ringtones, made <a href="/wiki/Mobile_music" title="Mobile music">mobile music</a> a profitable part of the <a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">music industry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-snlkagan_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snlkagan-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A significant portion of sales went to the cell phone provider.<sup id="cite_ref-gopinath_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gopinath-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Manhattan-based marketing and consulting firm Consect estimated ringtones generated $4 billion in worldwide sales in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-ny2005_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ny2005-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a></i> magazine, ringtones generated more than $2 billion in worldwide sales during 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-Fortune_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fortune-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rise of sound files also contributed to the popularization of ringtones. In 2003 for example, the Japanese ringtone market, which alone was worth US$900 million, experienced US$66.4 million worth of sound file ringtone sales.<sup id="cite_ref-gopinath_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gopinath-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, the global ringtone industry was worth somewhere between US$2.5 and US$3.5 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-gopinath_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gopinath-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, the research firm SNL Kagan estimated that sales of ringtones in the United States peaked at $714 million in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cult_following">Cult following</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ringtone&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cult following"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="7" data-mwtitle="Nokia_tune.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Nokia_tune.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Nokia_tune.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/Nokia_tune.ogg/Nokia_tune.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANokia_tune.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption>The iconic <a href="/wiki/Nokia_tune" title="Nokia tune">Nokia tune</a> on piano</figcaption></figure> <p>Preloaded ringtones have also developed a <a href="/wiki/Cult_following" title="Cult following">cult following</a> over the years. A <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> account named Tech Product Bangers (formerly known as Ringtone Bangers) launched in 2020, which originally only posted preloaded ringtones from mobile phones, but over time has begun to post other music related to technology such as <a href="/wiki/Demo_(music)" title="Demo (music)">demoes</a> from keyboards and <a href="/wiki/Installation_(computer_programs)" title="Installation (computer programs)">software installation</a> background music, and accordingly changed its name.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The account has also published interviews with composers who worked on ringtones.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dolby" title="Thomas Dolby">Thomas Dolby</a>, who founded <a href="/wiki/Beatnik_(company)" title="Beatnik (company)">Beatnik</a> and later Retro Ringtones, stated he is "pleased to see an upsurge of interest in classic ringtones",<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while several composers who worked at <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> have expressed surprise over the interest in ringtones.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decline_of_popularity">Decline of popularity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ringtone&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Decline of popularity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SNL Kagan estimated U.S. sales of ringtones in 2008 declined to $541 million, as consumers utilized third-party software and tutorials to create ringtones themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-snlkagan_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snlkagan-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another reason for the decline of ringtones is due to the increase of mobile devices in the late 2000s having internet connectivity, allowing consumers to download full songs from marketplaces such as <a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>, rather than buying excerpts for $5 through text.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The technological advancements of smartphones is also considered to be a factor in the decline of ringtones, with consumers shifting their focus to software such as games and social media.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decline of ringtones has further continued throughout the 2010s and 2020s, with many people setting the ringtone to silent; Sensor Tower reported in 2021 that ringtone app downloads decreased by 20% from 2016 to 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ringtone&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="telephone icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/40px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/60px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="722" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telephones" title="Portal:Telephones">Telephones portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zip_tone" title="Zip tone">Zip tone</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ringtone&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telephonecollectors.info/index.php/browse/bc-switching-library/automatic-electric/bulletins/319-ae-bulletin-444-sub-cycle-ringing-converter">"AE Bulletin 444 - Sub-Cycle Ringing Converter"</a>. <i>www.telephonecollectors.info</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.telephonecollectors.info&rft.atitle=AE+Bulletin+444+-+Sub-Cycle+Ringing+Converter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telephonecollectors.info%2Findex.php%2Fbrowse%2Fbc-switching-library%2Fautomatic-electric%2Fbulletins%2F319-ae-bulletin-444-sub-cycle-ringing-converter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionary.com/browse/ring">"ring"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i>. Douglas Harper. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2016</span> – via Dictionary.com. <q>Meaning "a call on the telephone" is from 1900; to give (someone) a ring "call on the telephone" was in use by 1910. Meaning "a ringing tone" is from 1620s; specifically "the ringing sound made by a telephone" by 1951.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=ring&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Fring&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AT&T, Bell System Practices, Section 501-250-303 Issue 4, <i>C-Type Ringers—Maintenance.</i>, Sept. 1978.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ringtones.specialtyansweringservice.net/">"The History of Ringtones | Specialty Answering Service"</a>. <i>The History of Ringtones | Specialty Answering Service</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+History+of+Ringtones+%26%23124%3B+Specialty+Answering+Service&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Ringtones+%26%23124%3B+Specialty+Answering+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fringtones.specialtyansweringservice.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407094245/http://apocalypzia.com/files/files/spies2.html">"Men of the Apocalypse - Secret Agents | Entertainment / Media | Apocalypzia"</a>. <i>apocalypzia.com</i>. Archived from the original on April 7, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apocalypzia.com&rft.atitle=Men+of+the+Apocalypse+-+Secret+Agents+%26%23124%3B+Entertainment+%2F+Media+%26%23124%3B+Apocalypzia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapocalypzia.com%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2Fspies2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sokolowski, Steve (1989). "Customize Your Phone", Ch. 8 "Telephone Melody Ringer". TAB Books, Blue Ridge Summit, PA. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8306-9354-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8306-9354-8">0-8306-9354-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sokolowski, Steve (1989). "Customize Your Phone", Ch. 20 "Animated Telephone Ringer". TAB Books, Blue Ridge Summit, PA. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8306-9354-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8306-9354-8">0-8306-9354-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bigelow, Carr and Winder (2001). "Understanding Telephone Electronics", Fourth Edition. Newnes. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7506-7175-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7506-7175-0">0-7506-7175-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGopinath2013" class="citation book cs1">Gopinath, Sumanth (2013). <i>The Ringtone Dialectic: Economy and Cultural Form</i>. MIT Press. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0262019156" title="Special:BookSources/978-0262019156"><bdi>978-0262019156</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ringtone+Dialectic%3A+Economy+and+Cultural+Form&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0262019156&rft.aulast=Gopinath&rft.aufirst=Sumanth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-memoir-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-memoir_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDolby2016" class="citation book cs1">Dolby, Thomas (2016). <i>The Speed of Sound: Breaking the Barriers Between Music and Technology: A Memoir</i>. Flatiron Books. pp. 173, 174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1250071842" title="Special:BookSources/978-1250071842"><bdi>978-1250071842</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Speed+of+Sound%3A+Breaking+the+Barriers+Between+Music+and+Technology%3A+A+Memoir&rft.pages=173%2C+174&rft.pub=Flatiron+Books&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1250071842&rft.aulast=Dolby&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040603123823/http://beatnik.com/news/releases/02_03_12_nokia.html">"BEATNIK POWERS POLYPHONIC RINGTONES ON THE NOKIA 3510"</a>. <i>Beatnik, Inc</i>. March 13, 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beatnik.com/news/releases/02_03_12_nokia.html">the original</a> on June 3, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Beatnik%2C+Inc.&rft.atitle=BEATNIK+POWERS+POLYPHONIC+RINGTONES+ON+THE+NOKIA+3510&rft.date=2002-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeatnik.com%2Fnews%2Freleases%2F02_03_12_nokia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kddi.com/corporate/news_release/kako/2002/1118/index.html">2002 news release</a> on KDDI (au) official website, retrieved on September 7, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://okbaza.net/pages/the-worlds-first-truetone">"The world's first truetone"</a>. <i>okbaza.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=okbaza.net&rft.atitle=The+world%27s+first+truetone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fokbaza.net%2Fpages%2Fthe-worlds-first-truetone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kddi.com/corporate/news_release/kako/2002/1119/index.html">"「CHEMISTRY」とのコラボレーションについて"</a>. <i>kddi.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kddi.com&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8CCHEMISTRY%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kddi.com%2Fcorporate%2Fnews_release%2Fkako%2F2002%2F1119%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927074348/http://www.m-e-f.org/index.php?id=391">First ever MEF Special Recognition Award goes to the pioneer of the mobile ringtone business — "Vesku" Paananen</a>, a June 4, 2004 press release from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_Entertainment_Forum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobile Entertainment Forum (page does not exist)">Mobile Entertainment Forum</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ny2005-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ny2005_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ny2005_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/03/07/050307crmu_music?printable=true">Ring My Bell</a>, a 2005 article from <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.sendmemobile.com/ringtones/evolution-of-ringtones">Evolution of Ringtones</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120630054732/http://blog.sendmemobile.com/ringtones/evolution-of-ringtones">Archived</a> 2012-06-30 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> from SendMe Mobile</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>ケータイ着メロドレミBOOK</i> [<i>Mobile Ringtones Do-Re-Mi Book</i>] (in Japanese). July 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E7%9D%80%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AD+%E3%83%89%E3%83%AC%E3%83%9FBOOK&rft.date=1998-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071216014351/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901040816-678568,00.html">"Time Magazine Europe: The Sweet Sound Of Success"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901040816-678568,00.html">the original</a> on December 16, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Time+Magazine+Europe%3A+The+Sweet+Sound+Of+Success&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C901040816-678568%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-snlkagan-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-snlkagan_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-snlkagan_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreg_Sandoval2009" class="citation web cs1">Greg Sandoval (September 3, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/biztech/09/03/cnet.apple.ringtones/index.html">"Apple to offer ready-made ringtones"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNET&rft.atitle=Apple+to+offer+ready-made+ringtones&rft.date=2009-09-03&rft.au=Greg+Sandoval&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2009%2FTECH%2Fbiztech%2F09%2F03%2Fcnet.apple.ringtones%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gopinath-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gopinath_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gopinath_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gopinath_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGopinath2005" class="citation journal cs1">Gopinath, Sumanth (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110213011937/http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1295/1215">"Ringtones, or the auditory logic of globalization"</a>. <i>First Monday</i>. <b>10</b> (12). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1295/1215">the original</a> on 13 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=First+Monday&rft.atitle=Ringtones%2C+or+the+auditory+logic+of+globalization&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=12&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Gopinath&rft.aufirst=Sumanth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffirstmonday.org%2Fhtbin%2Fcgiwrap%2Fbin%2Fojs%2Findex.php%2Ffm%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1295%2F1215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fortune-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fortune_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMehta2005" class="citation web cs1">Mehta, Stephanie N. (December 12, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2005/12/12/8363130/index.htm">"Wagner's ring? Way too long"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a>. p. 40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wagner%27s+ring%3F+Way+too+long.&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Fortune&rft.date=2005-12-12&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=Stephanie+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2Fmagazines%2Ffortune%2Ffortune_archive%2F2005%2F12%2F12%2F8363130%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.entrepreneur.com/PRWeb/release/18015.html">Shrinking Ringtone Sales Lead to Decline in U.S. Mobile Music Market</a>, an August 5, 2009 press release published on the <i><a href="/wiki/Entrepreneur_(magazine)" title="Entrepreneur (magazine)">Entrepreneur</a></i> magazine website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thewire.co.uk/issues/458">"Issue 458"</a>. <i>The Wire</i>. March 8, 2022. p. 10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wire&rft.atitle=Issue+458&rft.pages=10&rft.date=2022-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thewire.co.uk%2Fissues%2F458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFДруковский2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Друковский, Максим (February 8, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tjournal.ru/internet/529102-ringtony-chast-kulturnogo-naslediya-avtor-tvittera-ringtone-bangers-kollekcioniruet-melodii-telefonov-iz-nulevyh">"Рингтоны — часть культурного наследия»: автор твиттера Ringtone Bangers коллекционирует мелодии телефонов из нулевых"</a>. <i>TJ</i> (in Russian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TJ&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B+%E2%80%94+%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%C2%BB%3A+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80+%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0+Ringtone+Bangers+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85&rft.date=2022-02-08&rft.aulast=%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft.aufirst=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftjournal.ru%2Finternet%2F529102-ringtony-chast-kulturnogo-naslediya-avtor-tvittera-ringtone-bangers-kollekcioniruet-melodii-telefonov-iz-nulevyh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Dolby2022" class="citation web cs1">Thomas Dolby [@ThomasDolby] (May 3, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/ThomasDolby/status/1521471440066953218">"Pleased to see an upsurge of interest in classic ringtones. Ingenious creations with very limited resources. One day they will be highly prized and studied by musicologists! @ringtonebanger has dug up some real doozies like this one I wrote for Sony/WebTV"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pleased+to+see+an+upsurge+of+interest+in+classic+ringtones.+Ingenious+creations+with+very+limited+resources.+One+day+they+will+be+highly+prized+and+studied+by+musicologists%21+%40ringtonebanger+has+dug+up+some+real+doozies+like+this+one+I+wrote+for+Sony%2FWebTV&rft.date=2022-05-03&rft.au=Thomas+Dolby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FThomasDolby%2Fstatus%2F1521471440066953218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOng2022" class="citation web cs1">Ong, Alexis (August 11, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/c/23290332/nokia-ringtones-music-history">"How Nokia ringtones became the first viral earworms"</a>. <i>The Verge</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=How+Nokia+ringtones+became+the+first+viral+earworms&rft.date=2022-08-11&rft.aulast=Ong&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2Fc%2F23290332%2Fnokia-ringtones-music-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoughton2009" class="citation web cs1">Houghton, Bruce (September 22, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hypebot.com/hypebot/2009/09/ringtones-continue-decline.html">"Music Ringtones Continue Decline"</a>. <i>Hypebot</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hypebot&rft.atitle=Music+Ringtones+Continue+Decline&rft.date=2009-09-22&rft.aulast=Houghton&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hypebot.com%2Fhypebot%2F2009%2F09%2Fringtones-continue-decline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHare2013" class="citation web cs1">Hare, Breeanna (May 16, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2013/05/09/tech/mobile/ringtones-phones-decline/index.html">"Whatever happened to the ringtone?"</a>. <i>CNN Business</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN+Business&rft.atitle=Whatever+happened+to+the+ringtone%3F&rft.date=2013-05-16&rft.aulast=Hare&rft.aufirst=Breeanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2013%2F05%2F09%2Ftech%2Fmobile%2Fringtones-phones-decline%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClark2021" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Lauren (August 29, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.style.yahoo.com/ringtone-downloads-decrease-phones-silent-170102855.html">"Ringtones die out as younger generations keep their phones on silent, finds research"</a>. <i>Yahoo Life UK</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+Life+UK&rft.atitle=Ringtones+die+out+as+younger+generations+keep+their+phones+on+silent%2C+finds+research&rft.date=2021-08-29&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.style.yahoo.com%2Fringtone-downloads-decrease-phones-silent-170102855.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ringtone&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/ringtone" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/ringtone">ringtone</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/ringtone.htm">Ringtones</a> from <a href="/wiki/How_Stuff_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="How Stuff Works">How Stuff Works</a> (old article, deals with monophonic ringtones)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070410101939/http://www.ucan.org/telecommunications/wireless/ringtone_faq">"Ringtone FAQ - UCAN"</a>. <i>ucan.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucan.org/telecommunications/wireless/ringtone_faq">the original</a> on 2007-04-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ucan.org&rft.atitle=Ringtone+FAQ+-+UCAN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucan.org%2Ftelecommunications%2Fwireless%2Fringtone_faq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARingtone" class="Z3988"></span> - Consumer guide to ring tones, from Utility Consumers' Action Network (UCAN)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General<br />operation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_feature" title="Mobile phone feature">Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM_services" title="GSM services">services</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">Operating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_security" title="Mobile security">Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phone_cloning" title="Phone cloning">phone cloning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Telephony</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airplane_mode" title="Airplane mode">airplane mode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_messaging" title="Text messaging">Text messaging</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Message_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Short Message Service">SMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Communication_Services" title="Rich Communication Services">RCS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_spam" title="Mobile phone spam">Spam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_tracking" title="Mobile phone tracking">Tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_web" title="Mobile web">Web browsing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">Mobile<br />devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_phone_manufacturers" title="Category:Mobile phone manufacturers">Manufacturers</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_3D-enabled_mobile_phones" title="List of 3D-enabled mobile phones">3D phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">Camera phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_phone" title="Car phone">Car phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">Feature phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projector_phone" title="Projector phone">Projector phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_phone" title="Satellite phone">Satellite phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Form factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Bar" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clamshell_design" title="Clamshell design">Flip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phablet" title="Phablet">Phablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Slider" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Slider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Slate" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Slate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartwatch" title="Smartwatch">Smartwatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldable_smartphone" title="Foldable smartphone">Fold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_smartphones" title="Comparison of smartphones">Smartphones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android devices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rooting_(Android)" title="Rooting (Android)">rooting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_10#Devices" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IOS_jailbreaking" title="IOS jailbreaking">iOS jailbreaking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_mobile_phones" title="List of open-source mobile phones">Open-source mobile phones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Symbian_devices" title="Comparison of Symbian devices">Symbian devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Windows_phones" title="List of Windows phones">Windows Phone devices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobile<br />specific<br /><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">Apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_app_development" title="Mobile app development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_app_distribution_platforms" title="List of mobile app distribution platforms">Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_application_management" title="Mobile application management">Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_cloud_computing" title="Mobile cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_commerce" title="Mobile commerce">Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_marketing" title="Mobile marketing">Marketing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_advertising" title="Mobile advertising">advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_campaign" title="Mobile campaign">campaigns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">Payments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contactless_payment" title="Contactless payment">contactless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_donating" title="Mobile donating">donating</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_ticketing" title="Mobile ticketing">Ticketing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_content" title="Mobile content">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_blogging" title="Mobile blogging">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_email" title="Push email">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_gambling" title="Mobile gambling">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHealth" title="MHealth">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-learning" title="M-learning">Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_music" title="Mobile music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_news" title="Mobile news">News</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_search&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobile search (page does not exist)">Search</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_local_search" title="Mobile local search">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_social_network" title="Mobile social network">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_social_address_book" title="Mobile social address book">address book</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_television" title="Mobile television">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_phone_culture" title="Category:Mobile phone culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_breaker" title="Box breaker">Box breaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_charm" title="Mobile phone charm">Charms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_comic" title="Mobile comic">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_dating" title="Mobile dating">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_mobile_phone_culture" title="Japanese mobile phone culture">Japanese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_phone_novel" title="Cell phone novel">Novels</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ringtones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silent_mode" title="Silent mode">silent mode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfie" title="Selfie">Selfie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_language" title="SMS language">Txt-spk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallpaper_(computing)" title="Wallpaper (computing)">Wallpaper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment<br />and health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Quervain_syndrome" title="De Quervain syndrome">BlackBerry thumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones_and_driving_safety" title="Mobile phones and driving safety">Driving safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_waste" title="Electronic waste">Electronic waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_external_power_supply" title="Common external power supply">External power supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media_use_and_mental_health" title="Digital media use and mental health">Mental health from overuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_vibration_syndrome" title="Phantom vibration syndrome">Phantom vibration syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_device_radiation_and_health" title="Wireless device radiation and health">Radiation and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_recycling" title="Mobile phone recycling">Recycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_IQ" title="Carrier IQ">Carrier IQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_recording_by_civilians" title="Legality of recording by civilians">Legality of recording by civilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones_in_prison" title="Mobile phones in prison">Mobile phones in prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_and_the_law" title="Photography and the law">Photography and the law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_tapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone tapping">Telephone tapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texting_while_driving" title="Texting while driving">Texting while driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restrictions_on_cell_phone_use_while_driving_in_the_United_States" title="Restrictions on cell phone use while driving in the United States">USA use restrictions while driving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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