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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hardware</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hardware subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Central_processing_unit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_processing_unit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Central processing unit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_processing_unit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Display" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Display"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Display</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Display-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sound" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sound"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Sound</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sound-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Battery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SIM_card" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SIM_card"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>SIM card</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SIM_card-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Software</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Software-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Software subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Software_platforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software_platforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Software platforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software_platforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_app" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_app"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Mobile app</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_app-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Application_stores" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Application_stores"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Application stores</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Application_stores-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sales</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sales-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sales subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_manufacturer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_manufacturer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>By manufacturer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_manufacturer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_mobile_phone_operator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_mobile_phone_operator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>By mobile phone operator</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_mobile_phone_operator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Use</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Use subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Content_distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Content_distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Content distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Content_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_banking_and_payment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_banking_and_payment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Mobile banking and payment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_banking_and_payment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_tracking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_tracking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Mobile tracking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_tracking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electronic_waste_regulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronic_waste_regulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Electronic waste regulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronic_waste_regulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Theft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflict_minerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflict_minerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Conflict minerals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflict_minerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kosher_phones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kosher_phones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Kosher phones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kosher_phones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restrictions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restrictions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8</span> <span>Restrictions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restrictions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-While_driving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#While_driving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8.1</span> <span>While driving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-While_driving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-On_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8.2</span> <span>On aircraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-While_walking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#While_walking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8.3</span> <span>While walking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-While_walking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_prisons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_prisons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8.4</span> <span>In prisons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_prisons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_hospitals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_hospitals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8.5</span> <span>In hospitals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_hospitals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8.6</span> <span>Health effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Educational_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educational_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8.7</span> <span>Educational impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educational_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_popularity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_popularity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture and popularity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_popularity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mobile phone</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 153 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-153" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">153 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hap%C3%A9" title="Hapé – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Hapé" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selfoon" title="Selfoon – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Selfoon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%90%E1%8D%8B%E1%88%B5_%E1%88%B5%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%AD" title="ነፋስ ስልክ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ነፋስ ስልክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handsprecend" title="Handsprecend – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Handsprecend" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84" title="هاتف محمول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هاتف محمول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefono_m%C3%B3bil" title="Telefono móbil – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Telefono móbil" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E2%80%99%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8" title="ম’বাইল ফোন – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ম’বাইল ফোন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel%C3%A9fonu_m%C3%B3vil" title="Teléfonu móvil – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Teléfonu móvil" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takapikenikanicic" title="Takapikenikanicic – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Takapikenikanicic" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celular" title="Celular – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Celular" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobil_telefon" title="Mobil telefon – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mobil telefon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telef%C9%94ni_yaalata" title="Telefɔni yaalata – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Telefɔni yaalata" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8" title="মোবাইল ফোন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মোবাইল ফোন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AAng-t%C5%8Dng_ti%C4%81n-%C5%8De" title="Hêng-tōng tiān-ōe – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hêng-tōng tiān-ōe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D2%AB%D3%99_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Кеҫә телефоны – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кеҫә телефоны" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мабільны тэлефон – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мабільны тэлефон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мабільны тэлефон – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мабільны тэлефон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="मोबाइल फोन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मोबाइल फोन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mobile phone" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phone" title="Phone – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Phone" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мобилен телефон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мобилен телефон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handy" title="Handy – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Handy" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ལག་ཐོག་ཁ་དཔར། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལག་ཐོག་ཁ་དཔར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobilni_telefon" title="Mobilni telefon – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mobilni telefon" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel%C3%A8fon_m%C3%B2bil" title="Telèfon mòbil – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Telèfon mòbil" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Карасла телефон – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Карасла телефон" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleponong_selular" title="Teleponong selular – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Teleponong selular" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiln%C3%AD_telefon" title="Mobilní telefon – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mobilní telefon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhareyamado" title="Nhareyamado – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nhareyamado" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ff%C3%B4n_symudol" title="Ffôn symudol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffôn symudol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiltelefon" title="Mobiltelefon – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mobiltelefon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sackfoohn" title="Sackfoohn – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Sackfoohn" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiltelefon" title="Mobiltelefon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mobiltelefon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiiltelefon" title="Mobiiltelefon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mobiiltelefon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%84%CF%8C_%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%86%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Κινητό τηλέφωνο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κινητό τηλέφωνο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel%C3%A9fono_m%C3%B3vil" title="Teléfono móvil – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Teléfono móvil" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C5%9Dtelefono" title="Poŝtelefono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Poŝtelefono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefono_mugikor" title="Telefono mugikor – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Telefono mugikor" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87" title="تلفن همراه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تلفن همراه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fartelefon" title="Fartelefon – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Fartelefon" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9phone_mobile" title="Téléphone mobile – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Téléphone mobile" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_telefoan" title="Mobile telefoan – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mobile telefoan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3n_p%C3%B3ca" title="Fón póca – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fón póca" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooylagh" title="Shooylagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Shooylagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B2n-l%C3%A0imh" title="Fòn-làimh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fòn-làimh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel%C3%A9fono_m%C3%B3bil" title="Teléfono móbil – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Teléfono móbil" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%A9%9F" title="手機 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="手機" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%B2_%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8" title="મોબાઇલ ફોન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મોબાઇલ ફોન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0ng-thung_thien-fa" title="Hàng-thung thien-fa – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hàng-thung thien-fa" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9C%B4%EB%8C%80_%EC%A0%84%ED%99%94" title="휴대 전화 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="휴대 전화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salula" title="Salula – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Salula" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%BB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Բջջային հեռախոս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բջջային հեռախոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="मोबाइल फ़ोन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मोबाइल फ़ोन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobilni_telefon" title="Mobilni telefon – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mobilni telefon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posh-telefonilo" title="Posh-telefonilo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Posh-telefonilo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telepon_genggam" title="Telepon genggam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Telepon genggam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephono_mobile" title="Telephono mobile – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Telephono mobile" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umakhalekhukhwini" title="Umakhalekhukhwini – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umakhalekhukhwini" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fars%C3%ADmi" title="Farsími – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Farsími" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefono_cellulare" title="Telefono cellulare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Telefono cellulare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%99" title="טלפון סלולרי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טלפון סלולרי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilpun_s%C3%A9lul%C3%A8r" title="Tilpun sélulèr – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tilpun sélulèr" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мобил телефон – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Мобил телефон" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მობილური ტელეფონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მობილური ტელეფონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86" title="موبائیل فون – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="موبائیل فون" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B0%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ұялы телефон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ұялы телефон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simu_za_mikononi" title="Simu za mikononi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Simu za mikononi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telef%C3%B2n_mobil" title="Telefòn mobil – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Telefòn mobil" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9fonn_mobil" title="Téléfonn mobil – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Téléfonn mobil" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefona_destan" title="Telefona destan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Telefona destan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Уюлдук телефон – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Уюлдук телефон" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefon_de_aldikera" title="Telefon de aldikera – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Telefon de aldikera" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B7" title="ໂທລະສັບມືຖື – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໂທລະສັບມືຖື" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephonum_gestabile" title="Telephonum gestabile – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Telephonum gestabile" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobilais_telefons" title="Mobilais telefons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mobilais telefons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handy" title="Handy – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Handy" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobilusis_telefonas" title="Mobilusis telefonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mobilusis telefonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP_(telepon)" title="HP (telepon) – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="HP (telepon)" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendie" title="Hendie – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hendie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefun_cel%C3%BClar" title="Telefun celülar – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Telefun celülar" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiltelefon" title="Mobiltelefon – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mobiltelefon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мобилен телефон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мобилен телефон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finday" title="Finday – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Finday" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="മൊബൈൽ ഫോൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൊബൈൽ ഫോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="मोबाईल फोन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मोबाईल फोन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მობილური ტელეფონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მობილური ტელეფონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84" title="موبايل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="موبايل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="موایل – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="موایل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefon_bimbit" title="Telefon bimbit – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Telefon bimbit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talepon_ganggam" title="Talepon ganggam – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Talepon ganggam" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C5%AB-g%C4%AD" title="Chiū-gĭ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chiū-gĭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Гар утас – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гар утас" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%98%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="မိုဘိုင်းလ်ဖုန်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိုဘိုင်းလ်ဖုန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiele_telefoon" title="Mobiele telefoon – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mobiele telefoon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="मोबाइल फोन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मोबाइल फोन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="मोबाइल फोन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मोबाइल फोन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%90%BA%E5%B8%AF%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1" title="携帯電話 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="携帯電話" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiltelefon" title="Mobiltelefon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mobiltelefon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiltelefon" title="Mobiltelefon – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mobiltelefon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telef%C3%B2n_mobil" title="Telefòn mobil – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Telefòn mobil" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile" title="Mobile – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Mobile" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobil_telefon" title="Mobil telefon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mobil telefon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮੋਬਾਈਲ ਫ਼ੋਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੋਬਾਈਲ ਫ਼ੋਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86" title="موبائل فون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="موبائل فون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DA%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%BA%DA%96%D9%84%DB%90%DA%96%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="گرځنده غږلېږدی – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="گرځنده غږلېږدی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobail_fuon" title="Mobail fuon – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Mobail fuon" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefon_kom%C3%B3rkowy" title="Telefon komórkowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Telefon komórkowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefone_celular" title="Telefone celular – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Telefone celular" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobil_telefon" title="Mobil telefon – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Mobil telefon" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefon_mobil" title="Telefon mobil – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Telefon mobil" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apaychana_karurimana" title="Apaychana karurimana – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Apaychana karurimana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Сотовый телефон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сотовый телефон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BF_%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BF%D0%BF%D2%AF%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8D" title="Сиэп төлөппүөнэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сиэп төлөппүөнэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/saungay_dingwa" title="saungay dingwa – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="saungay dingwa" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="जङ्गमदूरभाषयन्त्रम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जङ्गमदूरभाषयन्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9E_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱳᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱳᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djiyun_qnawal_baga" title="Djiyun qnawal baga – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Djiyun qnawal baga" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefoni_celular" title="Telefoni celular – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Telefoni celular" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilifuninu" title="Tilifuninu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tilifuninu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B6%B1" title="ජංගම දුරකථන – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජංගම දුරකථන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mobile phone" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86" title="موبائل فون – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="موبائل فون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiln%C3%BD_telef%C3%B3n" title="Mobilný telefón – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mobilný telefón" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenosni_telefon" title="Prenosni telefon – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prenosni telefon" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobil%C5%84ok" title="Mobilńok – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Mobilńok" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codlalis_(Mobile)" title="Codlalis (Mobile) – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Codlalis (Mobile)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="مۆبایل – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مۆبایل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мобилни телефон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мобилни телефон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobilni_telefon" title="Mobilni telefon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mobilni telefon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telepon_keupeul" title="Telepon keupeul – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Telepon keupeul" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matkapuhelin" title="Matkapuhelin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Matkapuhelin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiltelefon" title="Mobiltelefon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mobiltelefon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleponong_selular" title="Teleponong selular – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Teleponong selular" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="செல்லிடத் தொலைபேசி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செல்லிடத் தொலைபேசி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%81%D3%99_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Кесә телефоны – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кесә телефоны" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BF_(%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D)" title="చరవాణి (సెల్ ఫోన్) – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చరవాణి (సెల్ ఫోన్)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88" title="โทรศัพท์เคลื่อนที่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โทรศัพท์เคลื่อนที่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arii%C5%8Bw%C3%ABl" title="Ariiŋwël – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Ariiŋwël" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cep_telefonu" title="Cep telefonu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cep telefonu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мобільний телефон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мобільний телефон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86" title="موبائل فون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موبائل فون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soujgih" title="Soujgih – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Soujgih" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te%C5%82%C3%A8fono_se%C5%82u%C5%82are" title="Tełèfono sełułare – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tełèfono sełułare" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_tho%E1%BA%A1i_di_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng" title="Điện thoại di động – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điện thoại di động" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefone_axhl%C3%A5ve" title="Telefone axhlåve – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Telefone axhlåve" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taleepana_serulaal%C3%BC" title="Taleepana serulaalü – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Taleepana serulaalü" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%A9%9F" title="手機 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="手機" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mobile phone" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%BA" title="手机 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="手机" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9F" title="סעלפאן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סעלפאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%8F%90%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1" title="手提電話 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="手提電話" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D" title="移动电话 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="移动电话" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A8ngpon" title="Hèngpon – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Hèngpon" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17517#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Portable device to make telephone calls using a radio link</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the modern mobile phone, see <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Cell Phone" and "Handphone" redirect here. For the films, see <a href="/wiki/Cell_Phone_(film)" title="Cell Phone (film)"><i>Cell Phone</i> (film)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Handphone_(film)" title="Handphone (film)"><i>Handphone</i> (film)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mobile_Phone_Evolution_1992_-_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Mobile_Phone_Evolution_1992_-_2014.jpg/330px-Mobile_Phone_Evolution_1992_-_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Mobile_Phone_Evolution_1992_-_2014.jpg/500px-Mobile_Phone_Evolution_1992_-_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Mobile_Phone_Evolution_1992_-_2014.jpg/960px-Mobile_Phone_Evolution_1992_-_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3977" data-file-height="4323" /></a><figcaption>Two decades of evolution of mobile phones, from a 1992 <a href="/wiki/Motorola_DynaTAC" title="Motorola DynaTAC">Motorola DynaTAC 8000X</a> to the 2014 <a href="/wiki/IPhone_6_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="IPhone 6 Plus">iPhone 6 Plus</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>mobile phone</b>, or <b>cell phone</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a portable <a href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">telephone</a> that allows users to make and receive <a href="/wiki/Telephone_call" title="Telephone call">calls</a> over a <a href="/wiki/Radio_frequency" title="Radio frequency">radio frequency</a> link while moving within a designated telephone service area, unlike fixed-location phones (<a href="/wiki/Landline_phones" class="mw-redirect" title="Landline phones">landline phones</a>). This radio frequency link connects to the switching systems of a <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_operator" title="Mobile phone operator">mobile phone operator</a>, providing access to the <a href="/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_network" title="Public switched telephone network">public switched telephone network</a> (PSTN). Modern mobile telephony relies on a <a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">cellular network</a> architecture, which is why mobile phones are often referred to as 'cell phones' in North America. </p><p>Beyond traditional <a href="/wiki/Voice_call" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice call">voice communication</a>, digital mobile phones have evolved to support a wide range of additional services. These include <a href="/wiki/Text_messaging" title="Text messaging">text messaging</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">multimedia messaging</a>, <a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Internet_access" title="Internet access">internet access</a> (via <a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a>, <a href="/wiki/5G_NR" title="5G NR">5G NR</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a>), as well as short-range wireless technologies like <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infrared_Data_Association" title="Infrared Data Association">infrared</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ultra-wideband" title="Ultra-wideband">ultra-wideband</a> (UWB). </p><p>Mobile phones also support a variety of <a href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a> capabilities, such as <a href="/wiki/Digital_photography" title="Digital photography">digital photography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Video recording">video recording</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Video_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Video gaming">gaming</a>. In addition, they enable multimedia playback and <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming</a>, including video content, as well as <a href="/wiki/Internet_radio" title="Internet radio">radio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Streaming_television" title="Streaming television">television streaming</a>. Furthermore, mobile phones offer <a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">satellite-based</a> services, such as <a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation" title="Satellite navigation">navigation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satellite_phone#Integration_into_conventional_mobile_phones" title="Satellite phone">messaging</a>, as well as business applications and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">payment solutions</a> (via <a href="/wiki/Near-field_communication" title="Near-field communication">near-field communication</a> (NFC)). </p><p>Mobile phones offering only basic features are often referred to as <a href="/wiki/Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">feature phones</a> (<a href="/wiki/Slang" title="Slang">slang</a>: <i>"dumbphones"</i>), while those with advanced computing power are known as <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Srivastava_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Srivastava-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first handheld mobile phone was demonstrated by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Cooper_(inventor)" title="Martin Cooper (inventor)">Martin Cooper</a> of <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> on 3 April 1973, using a handset weighing c. 2 kilograms (4.4 lbs).<sup id="cite_ref-Inventor_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inventor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1979, <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Telegraph_and_Telephone" title="Nippon Telegraph and Telephone">Nippon Telegraph and Telephone</a> (NTT) launched the world's first cellular network in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1983, the <a href="/wiki/Motorola_DynaTAC" title="Motorola DynaTAC">DynaTAC 8000x</a> was the first commercially available handheld mobile phone. From 1993 to 2024, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew to over 9.1 billion; enough to provide one for every person on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ITU_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITU-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first quarter of 2016, the top smartphone developers worldwide were <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a>; smartphone sales represented 78 percent of total mobile phone sales.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For feature phones as of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the top-selling brands were Samsung, <a href="/wiki/HMD_Global" title="HMD Global">Nokia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alcatel_Mobile" title="Alcatel Mobile">Alcatel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mobile phones are considered an important human invention as they have been one of the most widely used and sold pieces of consumer technology.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The growth in popularity has been rapid in some places, for example, in the UK, the total number of mobile phones overtook the number of houses in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, mobile phones are globally ubiquitous,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in almost half the world's countries, over 90% of the population owns at least one.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">History of mobile phones</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg/170px-2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg/255px-2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg/340px-2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Martin_Cooper_(inventor)" title="Martin Cooper (inventor)">Martin Cooper</a> of Motorola, shown here in a 2007 reenactment, made the first publicized handheld mobile phone call on a prototype DynaTAC model on 3 April 1973.</figcaption></figure> <p>A handheld mobile radio telephone service was envisioned in the early stages of radio engineering. In 1917, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finnish</a> inventor <a href="/wiki/Eric_Tigerstedt" title="Eric Tigerstedt">Eric Tigerstedt</a> filed a patent for a "pocket-size folding telephone with a very thin carbon microphone". Early predecessors of cellular phones included <a href="/wiki/Analog_signal" title="Analog signal">analog</a> radio communications from ships and trains. The race to create truly portable telephone devices began after World War II, with developments taking place in many countries. The advances in <a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">mobile telephony</a> have been traced in successive "generations", starting with the early zeroth-generation (<a href="/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">0G</a>) services, such as <a href="/wiki/Bell_System" title="Bell System">Bell System</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mobile_Telephone_Service" title="Mobile Telephone Service">Mobile Telephone Service</a> and its successor, the <a href="/wiki/Improved_Mobile_Telephone_Service" title="Improved Mobile Telephone Service">Improved Mobile Telephone Service</a>. These 0G systems were not <a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">cellular</a>, supported a few simultaneous calls, and were very expensive. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DynaTAC8000X.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/DynaTAC8000X.jpg/120px-DynaTAC8000X.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/DynaTAC8000X.jpg/250px-DynaTAC8000X.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="977" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Motorola_DynaTAC" title="Motorola DynaTAC">Motorola DynaTAC</a> 8000X. In 1983, it became the first commercially available handheld cellular mobile phone.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first handheld cellular mobile phone was demonstrated by <a href="/wiki/John_Francis_Mitchell" title="John Francis Mitchell">John F. Mitchell</a><sup id="cite_ref-John_F._Mitchell_Biography_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_F._Mitchell_Biography-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Who_invented_the_cell_phone_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who_invented_the_cell_phone-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Cooper_(inventor)" title="Martin Cooper (inventor)">Martin Cooper</a> of <a href="/wiki/Motorola_Mobility" title="Motorola Mobility">Motorola</a> in 1973, using a handset weighing 2 kilograms (4.4 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-Inventor_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inventor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first commercial automated cellular network (<a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a>) <a href="/wiki/Analog_signal" title="Analog signal">analog</a> was launched in Japan by <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Telegraph_and_Telephone" title="Nippon Telegraph and Telephone">Nippon Telegraph and Telephone</a> in 1979. This was followed in 1981 by the simultaneous launch of the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Mobile_Telephone" title="Nordic Mobile Telephone">Nordic Mobile Telephone</a> (NMT) system in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several other countries then followed in the early to mid-1980s. These first-generation (<a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a>) systems could support far more simultaneous calls but still used <a href="/wiki/Analog_electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog electronics">analog</a> cellular technology. In 1983, the <a href="/wiki/Motorola_DynaTAC" title="Motorola DynaTAC">DynaTAC 8000x</a> was the first commercially available handheld mobile phone. </p><p>In 1991, the second-generation (<a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a>) digital cellular technology was launched in Finland by <a href="/wiki/Radiolinja" title="Radiolinja">Radiolinja</a> on the <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> standard. This sparked competition in the sector as the new operators challenged the incumbent 1G network operators. The GSM standard is a European initiative expressed at the <a href="/wiki/European_Conference_of_Postal_and_Telecommunications_Administrations" title="European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations">CEPT</a> ("Conférence Européenne des Postes et Telecommunications", European Postal and Telecommunications conference). The Franco-German R&D cooperation demonstrated the technical feasibility, and in 1987, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between 13 European countries that agreed to launch a commercial service by 1991. The first version of the GSM standard had 6,000 pages. The <a href="/wiki/IEEE" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE">IEEE</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Society of Edinburgh">RSE</a> awarded <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Haug" title="Thomas Haug">Thomas Haug</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Dupuis_(engineer)" title="Philippe Dupuis (engineer)">Philippe Dupuis</a> the 2018 <a href="/wiki/IEEE/RSE_James_Clerk_Maxwell_Medal" title="IEEE/RSE James Clerk Maxwell Medal">James Clerk Maxwell medal</a> for their contributions to the first digital mobile telephone standard.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, the GSM was used by over 5 billion people in over 220 countries. The GSM (2G) has evolved into 3G, 4G and 5G. The standardization body for GSM started at the CEPT Working Group GSM (Group Special Mobile) in 1982 under the umbrella of CEPT. In 1988, <a href="/wiki/ETSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ETSI">ETSI</a> was established, and all CEPT standardization activities were transferred to ETSI. Working Group GSM became Technical Committee GSM. In 1991, it became Technical Committee SMG (Special Mobile Group) when ETSI tasked the committee with UMTS (3G). In addition to transmitting voice over digital signals, the 2G network introduced data services for mobile, starting with <a href="/wiki/SMS" title="SMS">SMS</a> text messages, then expanding to <a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">Multimedia Messaging Service</a> (MMS), and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_web" title="Mobile web">mobile internet</a> with a theoretical maximum transfer speed of 384 kbit/s (48 kB/s). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dupuis_Haug_GSM_around_1990.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Dupuis_Haug_GSM_around_1990.jpg/220px-Dupuis_Haug_GSM_around_1990.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Dupuis_Haug_GSM_around_1990.jpg/330px-Dupuis_Haug_GSM_around_1990.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Dupuis_Haug_GSM_around_1990.jpg/440px-Dupuis_Haug_GSM_around_1990.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2220" data-file-height="1484" /></a><figcaption>Dupuis and Haug during a GSM meeting in Belgium, April 1992</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mobile_phone_PHS_Japan_1997-2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mobile_phone_PHS_Japan_1997-2003.jpg/220px-Mobile_phone_PHS_Japan_1997-2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mobile_phone_PHS_Japan_1997-2003.jpg/330px-Mobile_phone_PHS_Japan_1997-2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mobile_phone_PHS_Japan_1997-2003.jpg/440px-Mobile_phone_PHS_Japan_1997-2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="696" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Personal_Handy-phone_System" title="Personal Handy-phone System">Personal Handy-phone System</a> mobiles and modems, 1997–2003</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2001, the third-generation (<a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a>) was launched in Japan by <a href="/wiki/NTT_DoCoMo" class="mw-redirect" title="NTT DoCoMo">NTT DoCoMo</a> on the <a href="/wiki/WCDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="WCDMA">WCDMA</a> standard.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was followed by 3.5G or 3G+ enhancements based on the <a href="/wiki/High-Speed_Packet_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="High-Speed Packet Access">high-speed packet access</a> (HSPA) family, allowing <a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> networks to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity. 3G is able to provide <a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.20" title="IEEE 802.20">mobile broadband</a> access of several <a href="/wiki/Mbps" class="mw-redirect" title="Mbps">Mbit/s</a> to smartphones and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_modem" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile modem">mobile modems</a> in laptop computers. This ensures it can be applied to mobile Internet access, <a href="/wiki/Voice_over_IP" title="Voice over IP">VoIP</a>, video calls, and sending large e-mail messages, as well as watching videos, typically in <a href="/wiki/Standard-definition_television" title="Standard-definition television">standard-definition</a> quality. </p><p>By 2009, it had become clear that, at some point, 3G networks would be overwhelmed by the growth of bandwidth-intensive applications, such as <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming media</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, the industry began looking to data-optimized fourth-generation (<a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a>) technologies, with the promise of speed improvements up to tenfold over existing 3G technologies. The first publicly available <a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a> service was launched in Scandinavia by <a href="/wiki/TeliaSonera" class="mw-redirect" title="TeliaSonera">TeliaSonera</a> in 2009. In the 2010s, 4G technology has found diverse applications across various sectors, showcasing its versatility in delivering high-speed wireless communication, such as mobile broadband, the <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">internet of things</a> (IoT), <a href="/wiki/Fixed_wireless_access" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixed wireless access">fixed wireless access</a>, and multimedia streaming (including music, video, <a href="/wiki/Internet_radio" title="Internet radio">radio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_television" title="Mobile television">television</a>). </p><p>Deployment of fifth-generation (<a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a>) cellular networks commenced worldwide in 2019. The term "5G" was originally used in research papers and projects to denote the next major phase in mobile telecommunication standards beyond the <a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a>/<a href="/wiki/IMT-Advanced" class="mw-redirect" title="IMT-Advanced">IMT-Advanced</a> standards. The <a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> defines 5G as any system that adheres to the <a href="/wiki/5G_NR" title="5G NR">5G NR</a> (5G New Radio) standard. 5G can be implemented in low-band, mid-band or high-band millimeter-wave, with download speeds that can achieve <a href="/wiki/Gigabit_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigabit per second">gigabit-per-second</a> (Gbit/s) range, aiming for a network latency of 1 ms. This near-real-time responsiveness and improved overall data performance are crucial for applications like <a href="/wiki/Online_game" title="Online game">online gaming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">augmented</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">virtual reality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous vehicles">autonomous vehicles</a>, IoT, and critical communication services. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Active_mobile_broadband_subscriptions_2007-2014.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Active_mobile_broadband_subscriptions_2007-2014.svg/500px-Active_mobile_broadband_subscriptions_2007-2014.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Active_mobile_broadband_subscriptions_2007-2014.svg/525px-Active_mobile_broadband_subscriptions_2007-2014.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Active_mobile_broadband_subscriptions_2007-2014.svg/700px-Active_mobile_broadband_subscriptions_2007-2014.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Active mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Smartphone">Smartphone</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></div> <p>Smartphones are defined by their advanced computing capabilities, which include internet connectivity and access to a wide range of applications. The <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a> measures those with Internet connection, which it calls <i>Active Mobile-Broadband subscriptions</i> (which includes tablets, etc.). In developed countries, smartphones have largely replaced earlier mobile technologies, while in developing regions, they account for around 50% of all mobile phone usage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feature_phone">Feature phone</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">Feature phone</a></div> <p>Feature phone is a term typically used as a <a href="/wiki/Retronym" title="Retronym">retronym</a> to describe mobile phones which are limited in capabilities in contrast to a modern smartphone. Feature phones typically provide <a href="/wiki/Voice_calling" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice calling">voice calling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Text_messaging" title="Text messaging">text messaging</a> functionality, in addition to basic <a href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> capabilities, and other services offered by the user's <a href="/wiki/Wireless_service_provider" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless service provider">wireless service provider</a>. A feature phone has additional functions over and above a basic mobile phone, which is only capable of voice calling and text messaging.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-forbes-twoweeks_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-twoweeks-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Feature phones and basic mobile phones tend to use a proprietary, custom-designed <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> and <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a>. By contrast, smartphones generally use a <a href="/wiki/Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">mobile operating system</a> that often shares common traits across devices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular network</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frequency_reuse.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Frequency_reuse.svg/250px-Frequency_reuse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Frequency_reuse.svg/330px-Frequency_reuse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Frequency_reuse.svg/440px-Frequency_reuse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>Cellular networks work by only reusing radio frequencies (in this example frequencies f1–f4) in non adjacent cells to avoid interference</figcaption></figure> <p>The critical advantage that modern cellular networks have over predecessor systems is the concept of <a href="/wiki/Frequency_reuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Frequency reuse">frequency reuse</a> allowing many simultaneous telephone conversations in a given service area. This allows efficient use of the limited <a href="/wiki/Radio_spectrum" title="Radio spectrum">radio spectrum</a> allocated to mobile services, and lets thousands of subscribers converse at the same time within a given geographic area. </p><p>Former systems would cover a service area with one or two powerful <a href="/wiki/Base_station" title="Base station">base stations</a> with a range of up to tens of kilometers' (miles), using only a few sets of radio channels (frequencies). Once these few channels were in use by customers, no further customers could be served until another user vacated a channel. It would be impractical to give every customer a unique channel since there would not be enough <a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">bandwidth</a> allocated to the mobile service. As well, technical limitations such as antenna efficiency and receiver design limit the range of frequencies a customer unit could use. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">cellular network</a> mobile phone system gets its name from dividing the service area into many small cells, each with a base station with (for example) a useful range on the order of a kilometer (mile). These systems have dozens or hundreds of possible channels allocated to them. When a subscriber is using a given channel for a telephone connection, that frequency is unavailable for other customers in the local cell and in the adjacent cells. However, cells further away can re-use that channel without interference as the subscriber's handset is too far away to be detected. The transmitter power of each base station is coordinated to efficiently service its own cell, but not to interfere with the cells further away. </p><p>Automation embedded in the customer's handset and in the base stations control all phases of the call, from detecting the presence of a handset in a service area, temporary assignment of a channel to a handset making a call, interface with the land-line side of the network to connect to other subscribers, and collection of billing information for the service. The automation systems can control the "hand off" of a customer handset moving between one cell and another so that a call in progress continues without interruption, changing channels if required. In the earliest mobile phone systems by contrast, all control was done manually; the customer would search for an unoccupied channel and speak to a mobile operator to request connection of a call to a landline number or another mobile. At the termination of the call the mobile operator would manually record the billing information. </p><p>Mobile phones communicate with cell towers that are placed to give coverage across a telephone service area, which is divided up into 'cells'. Each cell uses a different set of frequencies from neighboring cells, and will typically be covered by three towers placed at different locations. The cell towers are usually interconnected to each other and the phone network and the internet by wired connections. Due to bandwidth limitations each cell will have a maximum number of cell phones it can handle at once. The cells are therefore sized depending on the expected usage density, and may be much smaller in cities. In that case much lower transmitter powers are used to avoid broadcasting beyond the cell. </p><p>In order to handle the high traffic, multiple towers can be set up in the same area (using different frequencies). This can be done permanently or temporarily such as at special events or in disasters. Cell phone companies will bring a truck with equipment to host the abnormally high traffic. </p><p>Capacity was further increased when phone companies implemented digital networks. With digital, one frequency can host multiple simultaneous calls. </p><p>Additionally, short-range <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a> infrastructure is often used by smartphones as much as possible as it offloads traffic from cell networks on to local area networks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hardware">Hardware</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_features" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile phone features">Mobile phone features</a></div> <p>The common components found on all mobile phones are: </p> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">central processing unit</a> (CPU), the processor of phones. The CPU is a <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessor</a> fabricated on a <a href="/wiki/Metal%E2%80%93oxide%E2%80%93semiconductor" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal–oxide–semiconductor">metal–oxide–semiconductor</a> (MOS) <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuit</a> (IC) chip.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Battery_(electricity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery (electricity)">battery</a>, providing the power source for the phone functions. A modern handset typically uses a <a href="/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery" title="Lithium-ion battery">lithium-ion battery</a> (LIB), whereas older handsets used <a href="/wiki/Nickel%E2%80%93metal_hydride" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickel–metal hydride">nickel–metal hydride</a> (Ni–MH) batteries.</li> <li>An input mechanism to allow the user to interact with the phone. These are a <a href="/wiki/Keypad" title="Keypad">keypad</a> for feature phones, and <a href="/wiki/Touch_screens" class="mw-redirect" title="Touch screens">touch screens</a> for most smartphones (typically with <a href="/wiki/Capacitive_sensing" title="Capacitive sensing">capacitive sensing</a>).</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Display_device" title="Display device">display</a> which echoes the user's typing, and displays text messages, contacts, and more. The display is typically either a <a href="/wiki/Liquid-crystal_display" title="Liquid-crystal display">liquid-crystal display</a> (LCD) or <a href="/wiki/Organic_light-emitting_diode" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic light-emitting diode">organic light-emitting diode</a> (OLED) display.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudspeaker" title="Loudspeaker">Speakers</a> for sound.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subscriber_identity_module" class="mw-redirect" title="Subscriber identity module">Subscriber identity module</a> (SIM) cards and removable user identity module (R-UIM) cards.</li> <li>A hardware <a href="/wiki/Notification_LED" title="Notification LED">notification LED</a> on some phones</li></ul> <p>Low-end mobile phones are often referred to as <a href="/wiki/Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">feature phones</a> and offer basic telephony. Handsets with more advanced computing ability through the use of native software applications are known as smartphones. The first <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> phones and many feature phones had NOR flash memory, from which processor instructions could be executed directly in an execute in place architecture and allowed for short boot times. With smartphones, NAND flash memory was adopted as it has larger storage capacities and lower costs, but causes longer boot times because instructions cannot be executed from it directly, and must be copied to RAM memory first before execution.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_processing_unit">Central processing unit</h3></div> <p>Mobile phones have <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">central processing units</a> (CPUs), similar to those in computers, but optimised to operate in low power environments. </p><p>Mobile CPU performance depends not only on the clock rate (generally given in multiples of <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">hertz</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also the <a href="/wiki/Memory_hierarchy" title="Memory hierarchy">memory hierarchy</a> also greatly affects overall performance. Because of these problems, the performance of mobile phone CPUs is often more appropriately given by scores derived from various standardized tests to measure the real effective performance in commonly used applications. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Display">Display</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Display_device" title="Display device">Display device</a></div> <p>One of the main characteristics of phones is the <a href="/wiki/Display_device" title="Display device">screen</a>. Depending on the device's type and design, the screen fills most or nearly all of the space on a device's front surface. Many smartphone displays have an <a href="/wiki/Display_aspect_ratio" title="Display aspect ratio">aspect ratio</a> of <a href="/wiki/16:9" class="mw-redirect" title="16:9">16:9</a>, but taller aspect ratios became more common in 2017. </p><p>Screen sizes are often measured in diagonal <a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">inches</a> or <a href="/wiki/Millimeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Millimeter">millimeters</a>; feature phones generally have screen sizes below 90 millimetres (3.5 in). Phones with screens larger than 130 millimetres (5.2 in) are often called "<a href="/wiki/Phablet" title="Phablet">phablets</a>." Smartphones with screens over 115 millimetres (4.5 in) in size are commonly difficult to use with only a single hand, since most thumbs cannot reach the entire screen surface; they may need to be shifted around in the hand, held in one hand and manipulated by the other, or used in place with both hands. Due to design advances, some modern smartphones with large screen sizes and "edge-to-edge" designs have compact builds that improve their ergonomics, while the shift to taller aspect ratios have resulted in phones that have larger screen sizes whilst maintaining the ergonomics associated with smaller 16:9 displays.<sup id="cite_ref-phonearena-s7edgenotphablet_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phonearena-s7edgenotphablet-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-verge-phabletpytha_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verge-phabletpytha-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-verge-s8aspectratio_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verge-s8aspectratio-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Liquid-crystal_display" title="Liquid-crystal display">Liquid-crystal displays</a> are the most common; others are <a href="/wiki/IPS_panel" title="IPS panel">IPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/LED" class="mw-redirect" title="LED">LED</a>, <a href="/wiki/OLED" title="OLED">OLED</a>, and <a href="/wiki/AMOLED" title="AMOLED">AMOLED</a> displays. Some displays are integrated with pressure-sensitive digitizers, such as those developed by <a href="/wiki/Wacom_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wacom (company)">Wacom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Apple's "<a href="/wiki/3D_Touch" class="mw-redirect" title="3D Touch">3D Touch</a>" system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sound">Sound</h3></div> <p>In sound, smartphones and feature phones vary little. Some audio-quality enhancing features, such as <a href="/wiki/Voice_over_LTE" title="Voice over LTE">Voice over LTE</a> and <a href="/wiki/HD_Voice" class="mw-redirect" title="HD Voice">HD Voice</a>, have appeared and are often available on newer smartphones. Sound quality can remain a problem due to the design of the phone, the quality of the cellular network and compression algorithms used in <a href="/wiki/Long-distance_call" class="mw-redirect" title="Long-distance call">long-distance calls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Audio quality can be improved using a <a href="/wiki/VoIP" class="mw-redirect" title="VoIP">VoIP</a> application over <a href="/wiki/WiFi" class="mw-redirect" title="WiFi">WiFi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cellphones have small speakers so that the user can use a <a href="/wiki/Speakerphone" title="Speakerphone">speakerphone</a> feature and talk to a person on the phone without holding it to their ear. The small speakers can also be used to listen to digital audio files of music or speech or watch videos with an audio component, without holding the phone close to the ear. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battery">Battery</h3></div> <p>The typical lifespan of a mobile phone battery is approximately two to three years, although this varies based on usage patterns, environmental conditions, and overall care. Most modern mobile phones use <a href="/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery" title="Lithium-ion battery">lithium-ion</a> (Li-ion) batteries, which are designed to endure between 500 and 2,500 charge cycles. The exact number of cycles depends on factors such as charging habits, operating temperature, and battery management systems.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Li-ion batteries gradually degrade over time due to chemical aging, leading to reduced capacity and performance, often noticeable after one or two years of regular use. Unlike older battery types, such as <a href="/wiki/Nickel%E2%80%93metal_hydride_battery" title="Nickel–metal hydride battery">nickel-metal hydride</a> (Ni-MH), Li-ion batteries do not need to be fully discharged to maintain their longevity. In fact, they perform best when kept between 30% and 80% of their full charge.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While practices such as avoiding excessive heat and minimizing overcharging can help preserve battery health, many modern devices include built-in safeguards.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These safeguards, typically managed by the phone's internal battery management system (BMS), prevent overcharging by cutting off power once the battery reaches full capacity. Additionally, most contemporary chargers and devices are designed to regulate charging to minimize stress on the battery. Therefore, while good charging habits can positively impact battery longevity, most users benefit from these integrated protections, making battery maintenance less of a concern in day-to-day use.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Future mobile phone batteries are expected to utilize advanced technologies such as <a href="/wiki/Silicon-carbon_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon-carbon battery">silicon-carbon</a> (Si/C) batteries and <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_battery" title="Solid-state battery">solid-state</a> batteries, which promise to offer higher energy densities, longer lifespans, and improved safety compared to current lithium-ion batteries.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SIM_card">SIM card</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/SIM_card" title="SIM card">SIM card</a> and <a href="/wiki/Removable_User_Identity_Module" title="Removable User Identity Module">Removable User Identity Module</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg/250px-Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg/330px-Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg/500px-Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="1114" /></a><figcaption>Typical mobile phone mini-<a href="/wiki/SIM_card" title="SIM card">SIM card</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Mobile phones require a small <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">microchip</a> called a Subscriber Identity Module or <a href="/wiki/SIM_card" title="SIM card">SIM card</a>, in order to function. The SIM card is approximately the size of a small postage stamp and is usually placed underneath the battery in the rear of the unit. The SIM securely stores the <a href="/wiki/International_Mobile_Subscriber_Identity" class="mw-redirect" title="International Mobile Subscriber Identity">service-subscriber key (IMSI)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Authentication_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Authentication Center">K<sub>i</sub></a> used to identify and authenticate the user of the mobile phone. The SIM card allows users to change phones by simply removing the SIM card from one mobile phone and inserting it into another mobile phone or broadband telephony device, provided that this is not prevented by a <a href="/wiki/SIM_lock" title="SIM lock">SIM lock</a>. The first SIM card was made in 1991 by Munich smart card maker <a href="/wiki/Giesecke_%26_Devrient" class="mw-redirect" title="Giesecke & Devrient">Giesecke & Devrient</a> for the Finnish wireless network operator <a href="/wiki/Radiolinja" title="Radiolinja">Radiolinja</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A hybrid mobile phone can hold up to four SIM cards, with a phone having a different <a href="/wiki/IMEI" class="mw-redirect" title="IMEI">device identifier</a> for each SIM Card. SIM and <a href="/wiki/R-UIM" class="mw-redirect" title="R-UIM">R-UIM</a> cards may be mixed together to allow both <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> and <a href="/wiki/CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="CDMA">CDMA</a> networks to be accessed. From 2010 onwards, such phones became popular in emerging markets,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and this was attributed to the desire to obtain the lowest calling costs. </p><p>When the removal of a SIM card is detected by the operating system, it may deny further operation until a reboot.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software">Software</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Software_platforms">Software platforms</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Android_phones.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Android_phones.jpg/220px-Android_phones.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Android_phones.jpg/330px-Android_phones.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Android_phones.jpg/440px-Android_phones.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Android smartphones</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">Mobile operating system</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <span class="anonymous-show"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AMobile_phone&preload=Template%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template%3AEdit+protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Protected+edit+request+on+24+March+2025&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+fully-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Mobile+phone">making an edit request</a></span></span><span class="user-show"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a> </span>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Feature phones have basic software platforms. Smartphones have advanced software platforms. <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android OS</a> has been the <a href="/wiki/Usage_share_of_operating_systems" title="Usage share of operating systems">best-selling OS</a> worldwide on smartphones since 2011. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile_app">Mobile app</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">Mobile app</a></div> <p>A mobile app is a computer program designed to run on a mobile device, such as a smartphone. The term "app" is a shortening of the term "software application". </p> <dl><dt>Messaging</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/SMS" title="SMS">SMS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">MMS</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IPhone_Text_Message_Amber_Alert_1882467856_o.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/IPhone_Text_Message_Amber_Alert_1882467856_o.jpg/220px-IPhone_Text_Message_Amber_Alert_1882467856_o.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/IPhone_Text_Message_Amber_Alert_1882467856_o.jpg/330px-IPhone_Text_Message_Amber_Alert_1882467856_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/IPhone_Text_Message_Amber_Alert_1882467856_o.jpg/440px-IPhone_Text_Message_Amber_Alert_1882467856_o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A text message (SMS)</figcaption></figure> <p>A common data application on mobile phones is <a href="/wiki/SMS" title="SMS">Short Message Service</a> (SMS) text messaging. The first SMS message was sent from a computer to a mobile phone in 1992 in the UK while the first person-to-person SMS from phone to phone was sent in Finland in 1993. The first <a href="/wiki/Mobile_news" title="Mobile news">mobile news</a> service, delivered via SMS, was launched in Finland in 2000,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and subsequently many organizations provided "on-demand" and "instant" news services by SMS. <a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">Multimedia Messaging Service</a> (MMS) was introduced in March 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Application_stores">Application stores</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_app_distribution_platforms" title="List of mobile app distribution platforms">List of mobile app distribution platforms</a></div> <p>The introduction of Apple's App Store for the iPhone and iPod Touch in July 2008 popularized manufacturer-hosted <a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_app_distribution_platforms" title="List of mobile app distribution platforms">online distribution</a> for third-party applications (software and computer programs) focused on a single platform. There are a huge variety of apps, including <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a>, music products and business tools. Up until that point, smartphone application distribution depended on <a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_app_distribution_platforms#Third-party_platforms" title="List of mobile app distribution platforms">third-party sources</a> providing applications for multiple platforms, such as <a href="/wiki/GetJar" title="GetJar">GetJar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Handango" title="Handango">Handango</a>, <a href="/wiki/Handmark" title="Handmark">Handmark</a>, and <a href="/wiki/PocketGear" class="mw-redirect" title="PocketGear">PocketGear</a>. Following the success of the App Store, other smartphone manufacturers launched application stores, such as Google's Android Market (later renamed to the Google Play Store), RIM's <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_App_World" class="mw-redirect" title="BlackBerry App World">BlackBerry App World</a>, or Android-related app stores like <a href="/wiki/Aptoide" title="Aptoide">Aptoide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cafe_Bazaar" title="Cafe Bazaar">Cafe Bazaar</a>, <a href="/wiki/F-Droid" title="F-Droid">F-Droid</a>, <a href="/wiki/GetJar" title="GetJar">GetJar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Opera_Mobile_Store" title="Opera Mobile Store">Opera Mobile Store</a>. In February 2014, 93% of <a href="/wiki/Mobile_developers" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile developers">mobile developers</a> were targeting smartphones first for mobile app development.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sales">Sales</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_manufacturer">By manufacturer</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_mobile_phones" title="List of best-selling mobile phones">List of best-selling mobile phones</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_phone_brands_by_country" title="List of mobile phone brands by country">List of mobile phone brands by country</a></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size: 87%;"> <caption>Market share of top-five worldwide mobile phone vendors, Q2 2022 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>Manufacturer </th> <th>Strategy<br /> Analytics<br /> report<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a></td> <td>21% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></td> <td>16% </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xiaomi" title="Xiaomi">Xiaomi</a></td> <td>13% </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/OPPO_Electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="OPPO Electronics">Oppo</a></td> <td>10% </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vivo_(technology_company)" title="Vivo (technology company)">Vivo</a></td> <td>9% </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Others</td> <td>31% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Note: Vendor shipments are<br /> branded shipments and exclude<br /> <a href="/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturer" title="Original equipment manufacturer">OEM</a> sales for all vendors. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As of 2022, the top five manufacturers worldwide were Samsung (21%), Apple (16%), Xiaomi (13%), Oppo (10%), and Vivo (9%).<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>History</dt></dl> <p>From 1983 to 1998, <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a> was market leader in mobile phones. <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> was the market leader in mobile phones from 1998 to 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Q1 2012, <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> surpassed Nokia, selling 93.5 million units as against Nokia's 82.7 million units. Samsung has retained its top position since then. </p><p>Aside from Motorola, European brands such as Nokia, <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a> once held large sway over the global mobile phone market, and many new technologies were pioneered in Europe. By 2010, the influence of European companies had significantly decreased due to fierce competition from American and Asian companies, to where most technical innovation had shifted.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apple and Google, both of the United States, also came to dominate mobile phone software.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_mobile_phone_operator">By mobile phone operator</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_operator" title="Mobile phone operator">Mobile phone operator</a></div><p>The world's largest individual mobile operator by number of subscribers is <a href="/wiki/China_Mobile" title="China Mobile">China Mobile</a>, which has over 902 million mobile phone subscribers as of June 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 50 mobile operators have over ten million subscribers each, and over 150 mobile operators had at least one million subscribers by the end of 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, there were more than seven billion mobile phone subscribers worldwide, a number that is expected to keep growing. </p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Smartphone#Use" title="Smartphone">Smartphone § Use</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mobile_phone_subscribers_1997-2014_ITU.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mobile_phone_subscribers_1997-2014_ITU.svg/350px-Mobile_phone_subscribers_1997-2014_ITU.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mobile_phone_subscribers_1997-2014_ITU.svg/525px-Mobile_phone_subscribers_1997-2014_ITU.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mobile_phone_subscribers_1997-2014_ITU.svg/700px-Mobile_phone_subscribers_1997-2014_ITU.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption>Mobile phone subscribers per 100 inhabitants. 2014 figure is estimated.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mobile phones are used for a variety of purposes, such as keeping in touch with family members, for conducting business, and in order to have access to a telephone in the event of an emergency. Some people carry more than one mobile phone for different purposes, such as for business and personal use. Multiple SIM cards may be used to take advantage of the benefits of different calling plans. For example, a particular plan might provide for cheaper local calls, long-distance calls, international calls, or roaming. </p><p>The mobile phone has been used in a variety of diverse contexts in society. For example: </p> <ul><li>A study by <a href="/wiki/Motorola_Mobility" title="Motorola Mobility">Motorola</a> found that one in ten mobile phone subscribers have a second phone that is often kept secret from other family members. These phones may be used to engage in such activities as extramarital affairs or clandestine business dealings.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Some organizations assist victims of domestic violence by providing mobile phones for use in emergencies. These are often refurbished phones.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The advent of widespread text-messaging has resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Cell_phone_novel" title="Cell phone novel">cell phone novel</a>, the first literary genre to emerge from the cellular age, via <a href="/wiki/Text_messaging" title="Text messaging">text messaging</a> to a website that collects the novels as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile telephony</a> also facilitates activism and <a href="/wiki/Citizen_journalism" title="Citizen journalism">citizen journalism</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> reported that mobile phones have spread faster than any other form of technology and can improve the livelihood of the poorest people in developing countries, by providing access to information in places where <a href="/wiki/Landline" title="Landline">landlines</a> or the Internet are not available, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Least_developed_countries" title="Least developed countries">least developed countries</a>. Use of mobile phones also spawns a wealth of micro-enterprises, by providing such work as selling airtime on the streets and repairing or refurbishing handsets.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> and other African countries, people used to travel from village to village to let friends and relatives know about weddings, births, and other events. This can now be avoided in areas with mobile phone coverage, which are usually more extensive than areas with just land-line penetration.</li> <li>The TV industry has recently started using mobile phones to drive live TV viewing through mobile apps, advertising, <a href="/wiki/Social_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Social TV">social TV</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile TV">mobile TV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is estimated that 86% of Americans use their mobile phone while watching TV.</li> <li>In some parts of the world, mobile phone sharing is common. Cell phone sharing is prevalent in urban India, as families and groups of friends often share one or more mobile phones among their members. There are obvious economic benefits, but often familial customs and traditional gender roles play a part.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is common for a village to have access to only one mobile phone, perhaps owned by a teacher or missionary, which is available to all members of the village for necessary calls.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Smartphones also have the use for individuals who suffer from diabetes. There are apps for patients with diabetes to self monitor their blood sugar, and can sync with flash monitors. The apps have a feature to send automated feedback or possible warnings to other family members or healthcare providers in the case of an emergency.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Content_distribution">Content distribution</h3></div> <p>In 1998, one of the first examples of <a href="/wiki/Content_distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Content distribution">distributing and selling media content</a> through the mobile phone was the sale of <a href="/wiki/Ringtone" title="Ringtone">ringtones</a> by <a href="/wiki/Radiolinja" title="Radiolinja">Radiolinja</a> in Finland. Soon afterwards, other media content appeared, such as news, video games, jokes, horoscopes, TV content and advertising. Most early content for mobile phones tended to be copies of <a href="/wiki/Legacy_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Legacy media">legacy media</a>, such as banner advertisements or TV news highlight video clips. Recently, unique content for mobile phones has been emerging, from ringtones and <a href="/wiki/Ringback_tones" class="mw-redirect" title="Ringback tones">ringback tones</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mobisodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobisodes">mobisodes</a>, video content that has been produced exclusively for mobile phones.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile_banking_and_payment">Mobile banking and payment</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mobile_payment_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Mobile_payment_01.jpg/250px-Mobile_payment_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Mobile_payment_01.jpg/330px-Mobile_payment_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Mobile_payment_01.jpg/500px-Mobile_payment_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>Mobile payment system</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">Mobile banking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">Mobile payment</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Branchless_banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Branchless banking">Branchless banking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contactless_payment" title="Contactless payment">Contactless payment</a></div> <p>In many countries, mobile phones are used to provide <a href="/wiki/Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">mobile banking</a> services, which may include the ability to transfer cash payments by secure SMS text message. Kenya's <a href="/wiki/M-PESA" class="mw-redirect" title="M-PESA">M-PESA</a> mobile banking service, for example, allows customers of the mobile phone operator <a href="/wiki/Safaricom" title="Safaricom">Safaricom</a> to hold cash balances which are recorded on their SIM cards. Cash can be deposited or withdrawn from M-PESA accounts at Safaricom retail outlets located throughout the country and can be transferred electronically from person to person and used to pay bills to companies. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Branchless_banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Branchless banking">Branchless banking</a> has also been successful in South Africa and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. A pilot project in <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a> was launched in 2011 by the <a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">International Finance Corporation</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> bank, <a href="/wiki/Bank_Mandiri" title="Bank Mandiri">Bank Mandiri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mobile payments were first trialled in Finland in 1998 when two Coca-Cola vending machines in <a href="/wiki/Espoo" title="Espoo">Espoo</a> were enabled to work with SMS payments. Eventually, the idea spread and in 1999, the Philippines launched the country's first commercial mobile payments systems with mobile operators <a href="/wiki/Globe_Telecom" title="Globe Telecom">Globe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smart_Communications" title="Smart Communications">Smart</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Some mobile phones can make <a href="/wiki/Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">mobile payments</a> via direct mobile billing schemes, or through <a href="/wiki/Contactless_payment" title="Contactless payment">contactless payments</a> if the phone and the <a href="/wiki/Point_of_sale" title="Point of sale">point of sale</a> support <a href="/wiki/Near_field_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Near field communication">near field communication</a> (NFC).<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enabling contactless payments through NFC-equipped mobile phones requires the co-operation of manufacturers, network operators, and retail merchants.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile_tracking">Mobile tracking</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cellphone_surveillance" title="Cellphone surveillance">Cellphone surveillance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_tracking" title="Mobile phone tracking">Mobile phone tracking</a></div> <p>Mobile phones are commonly used to collect location data. While the phone is turned on, the geographical location of a mobile phone can be determined easily (whether it is being used or not) using a technique known as <a href="/wiki/Multilateration" class="mw-redirect" title="Multilateration">multilateration</a> to calculate the differences in time for a signal to travel from the mobile phone to each of several <a href="/wiki/Cell_towers" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell towers">cell towers</a> near the owner of the phone.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-phone-locate_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-phone-locate-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-foxnews-phone-locate_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foxnews-phone-locate-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The movements of a mobile phone user can be tracked by their service provider and, if desired, by law enforcement agencies and their governments. Both the <a href="/wiki/SIM_card" title="SIM card">SIM card</a> and the handset can be tracked.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-phone-locate_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-phone-locate-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>China has proposed using this technology to track the commuting patterns of Beijing city residents.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the UK and US, law enforcement and intelligence services use mobile phones to perform surveillance operations.<sup id="cite_ref-roving-bugs_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roving-bugs-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hackers have been able to track a phone's location, read messages, and record calls, through obtaining a subscribers phone number.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronic_waste_regulation">Electronic waste regulation</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Handy_schrott_mobile_phone_scrap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Handy_schrott_mobile_phone_scrap.jpg/220px-Handy_schrott_mobile_phone_scrap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Handy_schrott_mobile_phone_scrap.jpg/330px-Handy_schrott_mobile_phone_scrap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Handy_schrott_mobile_phone_scrap.jpg/440px-Handy_schrott_mobile_phone_scrap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Scrapped mobile phones</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_recycling" title="Mobile phone recycling">Mobile phone recycling</a></div> <p>Studies have shown that around 40–50% of the environmental impact of mobile phones occurs during the manufacture of their printed wiring boards and integrated circuits.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The average user replaces their mobile phone every 11 to 18 months,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the discarded phones then contribute to <a href="/wiki/Electronic_waste" title="Electronic waste">electronic waste</a>. Mobile phone manufacturers within <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> are subject to the <a href="/wiki/Waste_Electrical_and_Electronic_Equipment_Directive" title="Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive">WEEE directive</a>, and Australia has introduced a mobile phone recycling scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> had an advanced robotic disassembler and sorter called Liam specifically for recycling outdated or broken iPhones.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theft">Theft</h3></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a>, one out of three robberies involve the theft of a cellular phone.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Police data in San Francisco show that half of all robberies in 2012 were thefts of cellular phones.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> An <a href="/wiki/Online_petition" title="Online petition">online petition</a> on <a href="/wiki/Change.org" title="Change.org">Change.org</a>, called <i>Secure our Smartphones</i>, urged smartphone manufacturers to install <a href="/wiki/Kill_switch" title="Kill switch">kill switches</a> in their devices to make them unusable if stolen. The petition is part of a joint effort by New York Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Eric_Schneiderman" title="Eric Schneiderman">Eric Schneiderman</a> and San Francisco District Attorney <a href="/wiki/George_Gasc%C3%B3n" title="George Gascón">George Gascón</a> and was directed to the <a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEOs</a> of the major smartphone manufacturers and telecommunication carriers.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 10 June 2013, Apple announced that it would install a "<a href="/wiki/Smartphone_kill_switch" title="Smartphone kill switch">kill switch</a>" on its <a href="/wiki/IOS_7" title="IOS 7">next iPhone operating system</a>, due to debut in October 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All mobile phones have a unique identifier called <a href="/wiki/International_Mobile_Station_Equipment_Identity" class="mw-redirect" title="International Mobile Station Equipment Identity">IMEI</a>. Anyone can report their phone as lost or stolen with their Telecom Carrier, and the IMEI would be blacklisted with a central registry.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Telecom carriers, depending upon local regulation can or must implement blocking of blacklisted phones in their network. There are, however, a number of ways to circumvent a blacklist. One method is to send the phone to a country where the telecom carriers are not required to implement the blacklisting and sell it there,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> another involves altering the phone's IMEI number.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even so, mobile phones typically have less value on the second-hand market if the phones original IMEI is blacklisted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflict_minerals">Conflict minerals</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Conflict_minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Conflict minerals">Conflict minerals</a></div> <p>Demand for metals used in mobile phones and other electronics fuelled the <a href="/wiki/Second_Congo_War" title="Second Congo War">Second Congo War</a>, which claimed almost 5.5 million lives.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2012 news story, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> reported: "In unsafe mines deep underground in eastern Congo, <a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">children are working</a> to extract minerals essential for the electronics industry. The profits from the minerals finance the bloodiest conflict since the second world war; the war has lasted nearly 20 years and has recently flared up again. For the last 15 years, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> has been a major source of natural resources for the mobile phone industry."<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company <a href="/wiki/Fairphone" title="Fairphone">Fairphone</a> has worked to develop a mobile phone that does not contain <a href="/wiki/Conflict_resource" class="mw-redirect" title="Conflict resource">conflict minerals</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kosher_phones"><span class="anchor" id="Kosher_phone"></span>Kosher phones</h3></div> <p>Due to concerns by the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Jewish">Orthodox Jewish</a> rabbinate in Britain that texting by youths could waste time and lead to "immodest" communication, the rabbinate recommended that phones with text-messaging capability not be used by children; to address this, they gave their official approval to a brand of "Kosher" phones with no texting capabilities. Although these phones are intended to prevent <a href="/wiki/Immodesty#Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Immodesty">immodesty</a>, some vendors report good sales to adults who prefer the simplicity of the devices; other Orthodox Jews question the need for them.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Israel, similar phones to kosher phones with restricted features exist to observe the <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">sabbath</a>; under Orthodox Judaism, the use of any electrical device is generally prohibited during this time, other than to save lives, or reduce the risk of death or similar needs. Such phones are approved for use by essential workers, such as health, security, and public service workers.<sup id="cite_ref-kosher_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kosher-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restrictions">Restrictions</h3></div> <p>Restrictions on the use of mobile phones are applied in a number of different contexts, often with the goal of health, safety, security or proper functioning of an establishment, or as a matter of etiquette. Such contexts include: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="While_driving">While driving</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones_and_driving_safety" title="Mobile phones and driving safety">Mobile phones and driving safety</a> and <a href="/wiki/Texting_while_driving" title="Texting while driving">Texting while driving</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hand_held_phone_in_car_(color_balanced).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hand_held_phone_in_car_%28color_balanced%29.JPG/220px-Hand_held_phone_in_car_%28color_balanced%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hand_held_phone_in_car_%28color_balanced%29.JPG/330px-Hand_held_phone_in_car_%28color_balanced%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hand_held_phone_in_car_%28color_balanced%29.JPG/440px-Hand_held_phone_in_car_%28color_balanced%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>A driver using two handheld mobile phones at once</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NocellphonesSouthsidePlaceTX.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/NocellphonesSouthsidePlaceTX.JPG/220px-NocellphonesSouthsidePlaceTX.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/NocellphonesSouthsidePlaceTX.JPG/330px-NocellphonesSouthsidePlaceTX.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/NocellphonesSouthsidePlaceTX.JPG/440px-NocellphonesSouthsidePlaceTX.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>A sign in the US restricting cell phone use to certain times of day (no cell phone use between 7:30–9:00 am and 2:00–4:15 pm)</figcaption></figure> <p>Mobile phone use while driving, including talking on the phone, texting, or operating other phone features, is common but controversial. It is widely considered dangerous due to <a href="/wiki/Distracted_driving" title="Distracted driving">distracted driving</a>. Being distracted while operating a motor vehicle has been shown to increase the risk of accidents. In September 2010, the US <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_Traffic_Safety_Administration" title="National Highway Traffic Safety Administration">National Highway Traffic Safety Administration</a> (NHTSA) reported that 995 people were killed by <a href="/wiki/Restrictions_on_cell_phone_use_by_U.S._drivers" class="mw-redirect" title="Restrictions on cell phone use by U.S. drivers">drivers distracted by cell phones</a>. In March 2011, a US insurance company, <a href="/wiki/State_Farm_Insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="State Farm Insurance">State Farm Insurance</a>, announced the results of a study which showed 19% of drivers surveyed accessed the Internet on a smartphone while driving.<sup id="cite_ref-post_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many jurisdictions prohibit the use of mobile phones while driving. In Egypt, Israel, Japan, Portugal, and Singapore, both handheld and hands-free use of a mobile phone (which uses a <a href="/wiki/Speakerphone" title="Speakerphone">speakerphone</a>) is banned. In other countries, including the UK and France and in many <a href="/wiki/Restrictions_on_cell_phone_use_by_US_drivers" class="mw-redirect" title="Restrictions on cell phone use by US drivers">US states</a>, only handheld phone use is banned while hands-free use is permitted. </p><p>A 2011 study reported that over 90% of college students surveyed text (initiate, reply or read) while driving.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scientific literature on the dangers of driving while sending a text message from a mobile phone, or <i><a href="/wiki/Texting_while_driving" title="Texting while driving">texting while driving</a></i>, is limited. A simulation study at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">University of Utah</a> found a sixfold increase in distraction-related accidents when texting.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the increasing complexity of mobile phones, they are often more like mobile computers in their available uses. This has introduced additional difficulties for law enforcement officials when attempting to distinguish one usage from another in drivers using their devices. This is more apparent in countries which ban both handheld and hands-free usage, rather than those which ban handheld use only, as officials cannot easily tell which function of the mobile phone is being used simply by looking at the driver. This can lead to drivers being stopped for using their device illegally for a phone call when, in fact, they were using the device legally, for example, when using the phone's incorporated controls for car stereo, <a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a> or <a href="/wiki/Satnav" class="mw-redirect" title="Satnav">satnav</a>. </p><p>A 2010 study reviewed the incidence of mobile phone use while <a href="/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">cycling</a> and its effects on behaviour and safety.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, a national survey in the US reported the number of drivers who reported using their cellphones to access the Internet while driving had risen to nearly one of four.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study conducted by the University of Vienna examined approaches for reducing inappropriate and problematic use of mobile phones, such as using mobile phones while driving.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Accidents involving a driver being distracted by talking on a mobile phone have begun to be prosecuted as negligence similar to speeding. In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, from 27 February 2007, motorists who are caught using a hand-held mobile phone while driving will have three penalty points added to their license in addition to the fine of £60.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This increase was introduced to try to stem the increase in drivers ignoring the law.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC2_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC2-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> prohibits all mobile phone use while driving, including use of hands-free devices. New Zealand has banned hand-held cell phone use since 1 November 2009. Many states in the United States have banned texting on cell phones while driving. Illinois became the 17th American state to enforce this law.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of July 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 30 states had banned texting while driving, with Kentucky becoming the most recent addition on 15 July.<sup id="cite_ref-Courier-Journal_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Courier-Journal-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Public_health_law" title="Public health law">Public Health Law Research</a> maintains a list of distracted driving laws in the United States. This database of laws provides a comprehensive view of the provisions of laws that restrict the use of mobile communication devices while driving for all 50 states and the District of Columbia between 1992 when first law was passed, through 1 December 2010. The dataset contains information on 22 dichotomous, continuous or <a href="/wiki/Categorical_variable" title="Categorical variable">categorical variables</a> including, for example, activities regulated (e.g., texting versus talking, hands-free versus handheld), targeted populations, and exemptions.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="On_aircraft">On aircraft</h4></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones_on_aircraft" title="Mobile phones on aircraft">Mobile phones on aircraft</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phones_on_aircraft&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>In the U.S., <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC) regulations prohibit the use of <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile phones">mobile phones</a> aboard aircraft in flight.<sup id="cite_ref-Mobile_phones_on_aircraft_FCC_Cellban01_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mobile_phones_on_aircraft_FCC_Cellban01-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contrary to popular misconception, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> (FAA) does not actually prohibit the use of personal electronic devices (including cell phones) on aircraft. Paragraph (b)(5) of 14 CFR 91.21 permits airlines to determine if devices can be used in flight, allowing use of "any other portable electronic device that the operator of the aircraft has determined will not cause interference with the navigation or communication system of the aircraft on which it is to be used."<sup id="cite_ref-Mobile_phones_on_aircraft_FAR9121_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mobile_phones_on_aircraft_FAR9121-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Europe, regulations and technology have allowed the limited introduction of the use of passenger mobile phones on some commercial flights, and elsewhere in the world many <a href="/wiki/Airline" title="Airline">airlines</a> are moving towards allowing mobile phone use in flight.<sup id="cite_ref-Mobile_phones_on_aircraft_OnAirAirfax_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mobile_phones_on_aircraft_OnAirAirfax-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many airlines still do not allow the use of mobile phones on aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-Mobile_phones_on_aircraft_ABCNews2007_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mobile_phones_on_aircraft_ABCNews2007-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those that do often ban the use of mobile phones during take-off and landing. </p> Many passengers are pressing airlines and their governments to allow and deregulate mobile phone use, while some airlines, under the pressure of competition, are also pushing for deregulation or seeking new technology which could solve the present problems.<sup id="cite_ref-Mobile_phones_on_aircraft_CNN_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mobile_phones_on_aircraft_CNN-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Official aviation agencies and safety boards are resisting any relaxation of the present safety rules unless and until it can be conclusively shown that it would be safe to do so. There are both technical and social factors which make the issues more complex than a simple discussion of safety versus hazard.<sup id="cite_ref-Mobile_phones_on_aircraft_USATodayCingular_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mobile_phones_on_aircraft_USATodayCingular-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Airplane_mode" title="Airplane mode">Airplane mode</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="While_walking">While walking</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Smartphones_and_pedestrian_safety" title="Smartphones and pedestrian safety">Smartphones and pedestrian safety</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crowd_of_people_with_phones.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Crowd_of_people_with_phones.jpg/220px-Crowd_of_people_with_phones.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Crowd_of_people_with_phones.jpg/330px-Crowd_of_people_with_phones.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Crowd_of_people_with_phones.jpg/440px-Crowd_of_people_with_phones.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1667" /></a><figcaption>People using phones while walking</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2010, an estimated 1500 pedestrians were injured in the US while using a cellphone and some jurisdictions have attempted to ban pedestrians from using their cellphones.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other countries, such as China and the Netherlands, have introduced special lanes for smartphone users to help direct and manage them.<sup id="cite_ref-G14_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G14-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DT15_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DT15-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_prisons">In prisons</h4></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones_in_prison" title="Mobile phones in prison">Mobile phones in prison</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phones_in_prison&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> In most jurisdictions, <a href="/wiki/Prison" title="Prison">prison</a> <a href="/wiki/Inmate" class="mw-redirect" title="Inmate">inmates</a> are forbidden from possessing mobile phones due to their ability to communicate with the outside world and other security issues. Mobile phones are one of the most <a href="/wiki/Smuggling" title="Smuggling">smuggled</a> items into prisons. They provide inmates the ability to make and receive unauthorized phone calls, send <a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</a> and <a href="/wiki/Text_messaging" title="Text messaging">text messages</a>, use <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a>, and follow news pertaining to their case, among other forbidden uses.<sup id="cite_ref-Mobile_phones_in_prison_CBS_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mobile_phones_in_prison_CBS-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_hospitals">In hospitals</h4></div> <p>As of 2007, some hospitals had banned mobile devices due to a <a href="/wiki/List_of_common_misconceptions" title="List of common misconceptions">common misconception</a> that their use would create significant <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_interference" title="Electromagnetic interference">electromagnetic interference</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Health_effects">Health effects</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_radiation_and_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile phone radiation and health">Mobile phone radiation and health</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Nomophobia" title="Nomophobia">Nomophobia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_overuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile phone overuse">Mobile phone overuse</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Screen_time" title="Screen time">Screen time</a>, the amount of time using a device with a screen, has become an issue for mobile phones since the adaptation of smartphones.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research is being conducted to show the correlation between screen time and the mental and physical harm in child development.<sup id="cite_ref-Stiglic_e023191_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stiglic_e023191-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To prevent harm, some parents and even governments have placed restrictions on its usage.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:22_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There have been rumors that mobile phone use can cause cancer, but this is a myth.<sup id="cite_ref-cruk_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cruk-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While there are rumors of mobile phones causing cancer, there was a study conducted by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) that stated the there could be an increase risk of brain tumors with the use of smartphones, this is not confirmed. They also stated that with the lack of data for the research and the usage periods of 15 years will warrant further research for smartphones and the cause of brain tumors.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Educational_impact">Educational impact</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_use_in_schools" title="Mobile phone use in schools">Mobile phone use in schools</a></div> <p>A study by the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> found that banning mobile phones in schools could increase pupils' academic performance, providing benefits equal to one extra week of schooling per year.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_popularity">Culture and popularity</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/SMS_language" title="SMS language">SMS language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xelibri" title="Xelibri">Xelibri</a></div> <p>Mobile phones are considered an important human invention as it has been one of the most widely used and sold pieces of consumer technology.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have also become culturally symbolic. In <a href="/wiki/Japanese_mobile_phone_culture" title="Japanese mobile phone culture">Japanese mobile phone culture</a> for example, mobile phones are often decorated with charms. They have also become fashion symbols at times.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Motorola_Razr_V3" title="Motorola Razr V3">Motorola Razr V3</a> and <a href="/wiki/LG_Chocolate" title="LG Chocolate">LG Chocolate</a> are two examples of devices that were popular for being fashionable while not necessarily focusing on the original purpose of mobile phones, i.e. a device to provide mobile telephony.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some have also suggested that mobile phones or smartphones are a <a href="/wiki/Status_symbol" title="Status symbol">status symbol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example a research paper suggested that owning specifically an <a href="/wiki/Apple_iPhone" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple iPhone">Apple iPhone</a> was seen to be a status symbol.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Text_messaging" title="Text messaging">Text messaging</a>, which are performed on mobile phones, has also led to the creation of '<a href="/wiki/SMS_language" title="SMS language">SMS language</a>'. It also led to the growing popularity of <a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">emojis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="telephone icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/40px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/60px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="722" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telephones" title="Portal:Telephones">Telephones portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/28px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/42px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/56px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">Camera phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_frequencies" title="Cellular frequencies">Cellular frequencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customer_proprietary_network_information" title="Customer proprietary network information">Customer proprietary network information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_telephone" title="Field telephone">Field telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_mobile_phones_in_use" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by number of mobile phones in use">List of countries by number of mobile phones in use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_broadband" title="Mobile broadband">Mobile broadband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_Internet_device" title="Mobile Internet device">Mobile Internet device</a> (MID)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_accessories" title="Mobile phone accessories">Mobile phone accessories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones_on_aircraft" title="Mobile phones on aircraft">Mobile phones on aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_use_in_schools" title="Mobile phone use in schools">Mobile phone use in schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_technology" title="Mobile technology">Mobile technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile telephony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Mobile phone form factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_head-mounted_display" title="Optical head-mounted display">Optical head-mounted display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenBTS" title="OpenBTS">OpenBTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pager" title="Pager">Pager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">Personal digital assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Handy-phone_System" title="Personal Handy-phone System">Personal Handy-phone System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepaid_mobile_phone" title="Prepaid mobile phone">Prepaid mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-way_radio" title="Two-way radio">Two-way radio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_mobile_radio" title="Professional mobile radio">Professional mobile radio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push-button_telephone" title="Push-button telephone">Push-button telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">Radiotelephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rechargeable_battery" title="Rechargeable battery">Rechargeable battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smombie" class="mw-redirect" title="Smombie">Smombie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveillance" title="Surveillance">Surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethering" title="Tethering">Tethering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoIP_phone" title="VoIP phone">VoIP phone</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also known as a <b>cellular phone</b>, <b>hand phone</b> or <b>pocket phone</b>, and sometimes shortened to simply <b>mobile</b> or just <b>phone</b>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Srivastava-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Srivastava_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Test+Bench%3A+Fashion+phones&rft.date=2023-07-18&rft.issn=0140-0460&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Ftest-bench-fashion-phones-xsjfvc2kshd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLasco2015" class="citation web cs1">Lasco, Gideon (22 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opinion.inquirer.net/89605/the-smartphone-as-status-symbol">"The smartphone as status symbol"</a>. <i>INQUIRER.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=INQUIRER.net&rft.atitle=The+smartphone+as+status+symbol&rft.date=2015-10-22&rft.aulast=Lasco&rft.aufirst=Gideon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopinion.inquirer.net%2F89605%2Fthe-smartphone-as-status-symbol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanchronicle.com/technology/mobiles-and-tabs/090718/iphone-ipad-are-status-symbols-research.html">"iPhone, iPad are status symbols: Research"</a>. <i>Deccan Chronicle</i>. 9 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Chronicle&rft.atitle=iPhone%2C+iPad+are+status+symbols%3A+Research&rft.date=2018-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanchronicle.com%2Ftechnology%2Fmobiles-and-tabs%2F090718%2Fiphone-ipad-are-status-symbols-research.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStrat-Comm2018" class="citation web cs1">Strat-Comm, Sailient (6 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/@sailientstrat/the-evolution-of-emoji-into-culture-2298f407cd35">"The evolution of emoji into culture"</a>. <i>Medium</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medium&rft.atitle=The+evolution+of+emoji+into+culture&rft.date=2018-01-06&rft.aulast=Strat-Comm&rft.aufirst=Sailient&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F%40sailientstrat%2Fthe-evolution-of-emoji-into-culture-2298f407cd35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Agar, Jon, <i>Constant Touch: A Global History of the Mobile Phone</i>, 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84046-541-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-84046-541-7">1-84046-541-7</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFessenden1908" class="citation journal cs1">Fessenden, R. A. (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/WirelessTelephonyFessenden">"Wireless Telephony"</a>. <i>Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution</i>. The Institution: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/WirelessTelephonyFessenden/page/n28">161</a>–196<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Report+of+the+Board+of+Regents+of+the+Smithsonian+Institution&rft.atitle=Wireless+Telephony&rft.pages=161-196&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Fessenden&rft.aufirst=R.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FWirelessTelephonyFessenden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Glotz, Peter & Bertsch, Stefan, eds. <i>Thumb Culture: The Meaning of Mobile Phones for Society</i>, 2005</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Goggin" title="Gerard Goggin">Goggin, Gerard</a>, <i>Global Mobile Media</i> (New York: Routledge, 2011), p. 176. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46918-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46918-0">978-0-415-46918-0</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJain2002" class="citation journal cs1">Jain, S. Lochlann (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://joc.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/2/3/385">"Urban Errands: The Means of Mobility"</a>. <i>Journal of Consumer Culture</i>. <b>2</b>: <span class="nowrap">385–</span>404. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F146954050200200305">10.1177/146954050200200305</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145577892">145577892</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Consumer+Culture&rft.atitle=Urban+Errands%3A+The+Means+of+Mobility&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E385-%3C%2Fspan%3E404&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F146954050200200305&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145577892%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=S.+Lochlann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjoc.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F2%2F3%2F385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Katz, James E. & Aakhus, Mark, eds. <i>Perpetual Contact: Mobile Communication, Private Talk, Public Performance</i>, 2002</li> <li>Kavoori, Anandam & Arceneaux, Noah, eds. <i>The Cell Phone Reader: Essays in Social Transformation</i>, 2006</li> <li>Kennedy, Pagan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/magazine/who-made-that-cellphone.html">Who Made That Cellphone?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171104211818/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/magazine/who-made-that-cellphone.html">Archived</a> 4 November 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 15 March 2013, p. MM19</li> <li>Kopomaa, Timo. <i>The City in Your Pocket</i>, Gaudeamus 2000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Levinson" title="Paul Levinson">Levinson, Paul</a>, <i>Cellphone: The Story of the World's Most Mobile Medium, and How It Has Transformed Everything!</i>, 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4039-6041-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-4039-6041-0">1-4039-6041-0</a></li> <li>Ling, Rich, <i>The Mobile Connection: the Cell Phone's Impact on Society</i>, 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55860-936-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-55860-936-9">1-55860-936-9</a></li> <li>Ling, Rich and Pedersen, Per, eds. <i>Mobile Communications: Re-negotiation of the Social Sphere</i>, 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85233-931-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85233-931-4">1-85233-931-4</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051105040744/http://www.richardling.com/">Home page of Rich Ling</a></li> <li>Nyíri, Kristóf, ed. <i>Mobile Communication: Essays on Cognition and Community</i>, 2003</li> <li>Nyíri, Kristóf, ed. <i>Mobile Learning: Essays on Philosophy, Psychology and Education</i>, 2003</li> <li>Nyíri, Kristóf, ed. <i>Mobile Democracy: Essays on Society, Self and Politics</i>, 2003</li> <li>Nyíri, Kristóf, ed. <i>A Sense of Place: The Global and the Local in Mobile Communication</i>, 2005</li> <li>Nyíri, Kristóf, ed. <i> Mobile Understanding: The Epistemology of Ubiquitous Communication</i>, 2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadie_Plant" title="Sadie Plant">Plant, Sadie</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141020080938/https://www.campussims.com/"><i>on the mobile – the effects of mobile telephones on social and individual life</i></a>, 2001</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Rheingold" title="Howard Rheingold">Rheingold, Howard</a>, <i>Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution</i>, 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7382-0861-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7382-0861-2">0-7382-0861-2</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSingh2009" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Rohit (April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090416112051/http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/odi-publications/opinions/128-mobile-phones-business-development-private-sector.pdf"><i>Mobile phones for development and profit: a win-win scenario</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Overseas Development Institute. p. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/odi-publications/opinions/128-mobile-phones-business-development-private-sector.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mobile+phones+for+development+and+profit%3A+a+win-win+scenario&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Overseas+Development+Institute&rft.date=2009-04&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Rohit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.odi.org.uk%2Fresources%2Fodi-publications%2Fopinions%2F128-mobile-phones-business-development-private-sector.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Mobile_telephones#Q17517" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Mobile telephones">Mobile telephones</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" 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href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mobile_phones" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mobile phones">Mobile phones</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.howstuffworks.com/cell-phone.htm">"How Cell Phones Work"</a> at <a href="/wiki/HowStuffWorks" title="HowStuffWorks">HowStuffWorks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070701050620/http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1636836_1389493,00.html">"The Long Odyssey of the Cell Phone"</a>, 15 photos with captions from <i>Time</i> magazine</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/doczone/episodes/cellphone-a-ring-heard-around-the-world"><i>Cell Phone, the ring heard around the world</i></a> – a video documentary by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mobile_phones" title="Template:Mobile phones"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mobile_phones" title="Template talk:Mobile phones"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mobile_phones" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mobile phones"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mobile_phones689" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mobile phones</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Mobile<br />networks</a>,<br />protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_capacity" title="Channel capacity">Channel capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_frequencies" title="Cellular frequencies">Frequencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-band_device" title="Multi-band device">Multi-band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_operator" title="Mobile phone operator">Network operator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_network_operators" title="List of mobile network operators">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaming" title="Roaming">Roaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_signal" title="Mobile phone signal">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIM_card" title="SIM card">SIM card</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dual_SIM" title="Dual SIM">dual SIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESIM" title="ESIM">eSIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIM_lock" title="SIM lock">SIM lock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_phone_standards" title="Comparison of mobile phone standards">Standards comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethering" title="Tethering">Tethering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_VoIP" title="Mobile VoIP">VoIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol" title="Wireless Application Protocol">WAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML_Mobile_Profile" title="XHTML Mobile Profile">XHTML-MP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_phone_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mobile phone generations">Generations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Analogue</b>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">0G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a></li> <li><b>Digital</b>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3G_adoption" title="3G adoption">adoption</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">3.5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="LTE Advanced Pro">4.5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6G" title="6G">6G</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General<br />operation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_feature" title="Mobile phone feature">Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM_services" title="GSM services">services</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">Operating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_security" title="Mobile security">Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phone_cloning" title="Phone cloning">phone cloning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Telephony</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airplane_mode" title="Airplane mode">airplane mode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_messaging" title="Text messaging">Text messaging</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Message_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Short Message Service">SMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Communication_Services" title="Rich Communication Services">RCS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_spam" title="Mobile phone spam">Spam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_tracking" title="Mobile phone tracking">Tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_web" title="Mobile web">Web browsing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">Mobile<br />devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_phone_manufacturers" title="Category:Mobile phone manufacturers">Manufacturers</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_3D-enabled_mobile_phones" title="List of 3D-enabled mobile phones">3D phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">Camera phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_phone" title="Car phone">Car phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">Feature phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projector_phone" title="Projector phone">Projector phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_phone" title="Satellite phone">Satellite phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Form factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Bar" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clamshell_design" title="Clamshell design">Flip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phablet" title="Phablet">Phablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Slider" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Slider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Slate" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Slate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartwatch" title="Smartwatch">Smartwatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldable_smartphone" title="Foldable smartphone">Fold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_smartphones" title="Comparison of smartphones">Smartphones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android devices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rooting_(Android)" title="Rooting (Android)">rooting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_10#Devices" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IOS_jailbreaking" title="IOS jailbreaking">iOS jailbreaking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_mobile_phones" title="List of open-source mobile phones">Open-source mobile phones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Symbian_devices" title="Comparison of Symbian devices">Symbian devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Windows_phones" title="List of Windows phones">Windows Phone devices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobile<br />specific<br /><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">Apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_app_development" title="Mobile app development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_app_distribution_platforms" title="List of mobile app distribution platforms">Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_application_management" title="Mobile application management">Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_cloud_computing" title="Mobile cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_commerce" title="Mobile commerce">Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_marketing" title="Mobile marketing">Marketing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_advertising" title="Mobile advertising">advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_campaign" title="Mobile campaign">campaigns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">Payments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contactless_payment" title="Contactless payment">contactless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_donating" title="Mobile donating">donating</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_ticketing" title="Mobile ticketing">Ticketing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_content" title="Mobile content">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_blogging" title="Mobile blogging">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_email" title="Push email">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_gambling" title="Mobile gambling">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHealth" title="MHealth">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-learning" title="M-learning">Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_music" title="Mobile music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_news" title="Mobile news">News</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_search&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobile search (page does not exist)">Search</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_local_search" title="Mobile local search">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_social_network" title="Mobile social network">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_social_address_book" title="Mobile social address book">address book</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_television" title="Mobile television">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_phone_culture" title="Category:Mobile phone culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_breaker" title="Box breaker">Box breaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_charm" title="Mobile phone charm">Charms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_comic" title="Mobile comic">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_dating" title="Mobile dating">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_mobile_phone_culture" title="Japanese mobile phone culture">Japanese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_phone_novel" title="Cell phone novel">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringtone" title="Ringtone">Ringtones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silent_mode" title="Silent mode">silent mode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfie" title="Selfie">Selfie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_language" title="SMS language">Txt-spk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallpaper_(computing)" title="Wallpaper (computing)">Wallpaper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment<br />and health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Quervain_syndrome" title="De Quervain syndrome">BlackBerry thumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones_and_driving_safety" title="Mobile phones and driving safety">Driving safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_waste" title="Electronic waste">Electronic waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_external_power_supply" title="Common external power supply">External power supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media_use_and_mental_health" title="Digital media use and mental health">Mental health from overuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_vibration_syndrome" title="Phantom vibration syndrome">Phantom vibration syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_device_radiation_and_health" title="Wireless device radiation and health">Radiation and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_recycling" title="Mobile phone recycling">Recycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_IQ" title="Carrier IQ">Carrier IQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_recording_by_civilians" title="Legality of recording by civilians">Legality of recording by civilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones_in_prison" title="Mobile phones in prison">Mobile phones in prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_and_the_law" title="Photography and the law">Photography and the law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_tapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone tapping">Telephone tapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texting_while_driving" title="Texting while driving">Texting while driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restrictions_on_cell_phone_use_while_driving_in_the_United_States" title="Restrictions on cell phone use while driving in the United States">USA use restrictions while driving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/19px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/29px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/38px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="telephone icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/20px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/40px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="722" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telephones" title="Portal:Telephones">Telephones portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_telecommunications" title="Category:Mobile telecommunications">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cellular_network_standards736" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cellular_network_standards" title="Template:Cellular network standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cellular_network_standards" title="Template talk:Cellular network standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cellular_network_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cellular network standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cellular_network_standards736" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular network</a> standards</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_phone_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mobile phone generations">List of mobile phone generations</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">0G</a> <a href="/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">radio telephones</a> (1946)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_Telephone_Service" title="Mobile Telephone Service">MTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improved_Mobile_Telephone_Service" title="Improved Mobile Telephone Service">IMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_(mobile_telephone_system)" title="Altai (mobile telephone system)">Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLT_(mobile_network)" title="OLT (mobile network)">OLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTD_(mobile_network)" title="MTD (mobile network)">MTA - MTB - MTC - MTD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_TeleSeratout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobile TeleSeratout (page does not exist)">Mobile TeleSeratout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Telephone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Telephone System">AMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autotel" title="Autotel">Autotel (PALM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoradiopuhelin" title="Autoradiopuhelin">ARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-Netz" title="B-Netz">B-Netz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMR_radiotelephone_network_(Czechoslovakia)" title="AMR radiotelephone network (Czechoslovakia)">AMR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a> (1979)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS - N-AMPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_Access_Communication_System" title="Total Access Communication System">TACS - ETACS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Mobile_Telephone" title="Nordic Mobile Telephone">NMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-Netz" title="C-Netz">C-450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hicap" title="Hicap">Hicap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobitex" title="Mobitex">Mobitex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DataTAC" title="DataTAC">DataTAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CT1" title="CT1">CT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTMI" title="RTMI">RTMI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a> (1991)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>/<a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_Switched_Data" title="Circuit Switched Data">CSD - HSCSD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/3rd_Generation_Partnership_Project_2" title="3rd Generation Partnership Project 2">3GPP2</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne (IS-95)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_AMPS" title="Digital AMPS">D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_digital_packet_data" title="Cellular digital packet data">CDPD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDEN" title="IDEN">iDEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Digital_Cellular" title="Personal Digital Cellular">PDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Handy-phone_System" title="Personal Handy-phone System">PHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CT2" title="CT2">CT2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2G#Evolution" title="2G">2G transitional<br />(2.5G, 2.75G, 2.9G)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>/3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="General Packet Radio Service">GPRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Data_rates_for_GSM_Evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution">EDGE/EGPRS - Evolved EDGE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP2 family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000#1X" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000 1X</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000#1X_Advanced" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000 1X Advanced</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiDEN" class="mw-redirect" title="WiDEN">WiDEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_enhanced_cordless_telecommunications" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital enhanced cordless telecommunications">DECT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> (1998)<br /><a href="/wiki/IMT-2000" title="IMT-2000">IMT-2000</a> (2001)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W-CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="W-CDMA">UTRA-FDD / W-CDMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Mobile_Multimedia_Access" title="Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access">FOMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TD-SCDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="TD-SCDMA">UTRA-TDD LCR / TD-SCDMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TD-CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="TD-CDMA">UTRA-TDD HCR / TD-CDMA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP2 family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0</a> (TIA/IS-856)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/3G#Evolution" title="3G">3G transitional<br />(3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">HSPA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="High Speed Downlink Packet Access">HSDPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Uplink_Packet_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="High Speed Uplink Packet Access">HSUPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="Evolved High Speed Packet Access">HSPA+</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DC-HSDPA" class="mw-redirect" title="DC-HSDPA">DC-HSDPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a> (<a href="/wiki/E-UTRA" title="E-UTRA">E-UTRA</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP2 family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>CDMA2000 <a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">1xEV-DO Revision A</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-856-A)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">EV-DO Revision B</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-856-B)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">EV-DO Revision C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">IEEE</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">Mobile WiMAX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.16" title="IEEE 802.16">IEEE 802.16e</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing#FLASH-OFDM" title="Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing">Flash-OFDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.20" title="IEEE 802.20">iBurst (IEEE 802.20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WiBro" title="WiBro">WiBro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/ETSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ETSI">ETSI</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HiperMAN" title="HiperMAN">HiperMAN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a> (2009)<br /><a href="/wiki/IMT_Advanced" title="IMT Advanced">IMT Advanced</a> (2013)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced" title="LTE Advanced">LTE Advanced</a> (<a href="/wiki/E-UTRA" title="E-UTRA">E-UTRA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="LTE Advanced Pro">LTE Advanced Pro</a> (4.5G/4.9G)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">IEEE family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">WiMAX</a> (<a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.16" title="IEEE 802.16">IEEE 802.16m</a>) <ul><li>WiMax 2.1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WiBro" title="WiBro">WiBro</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> (2018)<br /><a href="/wiki/IMT-2020" title="IMT-2020">IMT-2020</a> (2021)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5G_NR" title="5G NR">5G NR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G-Advanced" class="mw-redirect" title="5G-Advanced">5G-Advanced</a> (5.5G)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NR-IIoT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NR-IIoT (page does not exist)">NR-IIoT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE-M" title="LTE-M">LTE-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrowband_IoT" title="Narrowband IoT">NB-IoT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DECT-5G&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DECT-5G (page does not exist)">DECT-5G</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile telephony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_phone_standards" title="Comparison of mobile phone standards">Comparison of standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_access_method" title="Channel access method">Channel access methods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frequency-division_multiple_access" title="Frequency-division multiple access">FDMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiple_access" title="Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access">OFDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiple_access" title="Time-division multiple access">TDMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self-organized_time-division_multiple_access" title="Self-organized time-division multiple access">STDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_spectrum" title="Spread spectrum">SSMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access" title="Code-division multiple access">CDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space-division_multiple_access" title="Space-division multiple access">SDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_efficiency#Comparison_table" title="Spectral efficiency">Spectral efficiency comparison table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_frequencies" title="Cellular frequencies">Frequency bands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM_frequency_bands" title="GSM frequency bands">GSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMTS_frequency_bands" title="UMTS frequency bands">UMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_frequency_bands" title="LTE frequency bands">LTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G_NR_frequency_bands" title="5G NR frequency bands">5G NR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDMA_frequency_bands" title="CDMA frequency bands">CDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_broadband" title="Mobile broadband">Mobile broadband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Broadcast_Multicast_Service" title="Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service">Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Mobile_Networks" title="Next Generation Mobile Networks">NGMN Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push-to-talk" title="Push-to-talk">Push-to-talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIMO" title="MIMO">MIMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IP_Multimedia_Subsystem" title="IP Multimedia Subsystem">IMS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voice_over_LTE" title="Voice over LTE">VoLTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_over_LTE" title="Video over LTE">ViLTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_over_NR" title="Voice over NR">VoNR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_over_NR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Video over NR (page does not exist)">ViNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generic_Access_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic Access Network">Wi-Fi Calling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmocom" title="Osmocom">Osmocom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/19px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/29px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/38px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a>   <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="telephone icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/20px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/40px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="722" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telephones" title="Portal:Telephones">Telephones portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Telephony365" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Telephony" title="Template:Telephony"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Telephony" title="Template talk:Telephony"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Telephony" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Telephony"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Telephony365" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Telephony" title="Telephony">Telephony</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landline" title="Landline">Landline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_telephony" title="Cable telephony">Cable telephony</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_phone" title="Satellite phone">Satellite phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photophone" title="Photophone">Photophone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accessories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Answering_machine" title="Answering machine">Answering machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caller_ID" title="Caller ID">Caller ID</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connectivity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_protection_system" title="Cable protection system">Cable protection system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">Fibre-optical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-space_optical_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-space optical communication">Free-space optical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Network">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_signal" title="Mobile phone signal">Mobile phone signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_old_telephone_service" title="Plain old telephone service">POTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_network" title="Public switched telephone network">PSTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable" title="Submarine communications cable">Submarine cables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_over_IP" title="Voice over IP">VoIP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Calls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Missed_call" title="Missed call">Missed call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misdialed_call" title="Misdialed call">Misdialed call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuisance_call" title="Nuisance call">Nuisance call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phone_tag" title="Phone tag">Phone tag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fax" title="Fax">Fax transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_call" title="Telephone call">Telephone calls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_newspaper" title="Telephone newspaper">Telephone newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2trophone" title="Théâtrophone">Théâtrophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videotelephony" title="Videotelephony">Video calls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/19px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/29px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/38px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="telephone icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/20px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/40px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="722" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telephones" title="Portal:Telephones">Telephones portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Telecommunications802" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Telecommunications" title="Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Telecommunications" title="Template talk:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Telecommunications802" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beacon#For_defensive_communications" title="Beacon">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_broadcasting" title="History of broadcasting">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_protection_system" title="Cable protection system">Cable protection system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite#History" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network#History" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Data compression</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_format" title="Audio coding format">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">DCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">video</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">Digital media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_video" title="Internet video">Internet video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">online video platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drums_in_communication" title="Drums in communication">Drums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edholm%27s_law" title="Edholm's law">Edholm's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_telegraph#History" title="Electrical telegraph">Electrical telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fax#History" title="Fax">Fax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliograph#History" title="Heliograph">Heliographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_telegraph#Greek_hydraulic_semaphore_system" title="Hydraulic telegraph">Hydraulic telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Information revolution">Information revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Internet" title="History of the Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media#History" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">Mobile phone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_communication" title="Optical communication">Optical telecommunication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_telegraph" title="Optical telegraph">Optical telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pager" title="Pager">Pager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photophone" title="Photophone">Photophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_prepaid_mobile_phones" title="History of prepaid mobile phones">Prepaid mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">Radiotelephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaphore" title="Semaphore">Semaphore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phryctoria" title="Phryctoria">Phryctoria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">Semiconductor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOSFET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_transistor" title="History of the transistor">transistor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_signal" title="Smoke signal">Smoke signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">Telecommunications history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telautograph" title="Telautograph">Telautograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">Telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">Teleprinter</a> (teletype)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_telephone" title="History of the telephone">Telephone</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Telephone_Cases" title="The Telephone Cases">The Telephone Cases</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_television" title="History of television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_television" title="Streaming television">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable#Early_history:_telegraph_and_coaxial_cables" title="Submarine communications cable">Undersea telegraph line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_videotelephony" title="History of videotelephony">Videotelephony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whistled_language" title="Whistled language">Whistled language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless revolution">Wireless revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Ahmed_(engineer)" title="Nasir Ahmed (engineer)">Nasir Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Howard_Armstrong" title="Edwin Howard Armstrong">Edwin Howard Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_M._Atalla" title="Mohamed M. Atalla">Mohamed M. Atalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">John Logie Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Baran" title="Paul Baran">Paul Baran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emile_Berliner" title="Emile Berliner">Emile Berliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Blake_(inventor)" title="Francis Blake (inventor)">Francis Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bourseul" title="Charles Bourseul">Charles Bourseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Walter Houser Brattain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Chappe" title="Claude Chappe">Claude Chappe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogen_Dalal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogen Dalal">Yogen Dalal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Davies" title="Donald Davies">Donald Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Davis_Jr." title="Daniel Davis Jr.">Daniel Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Dolbear" title="Amos Dolbear">Amos Dolbear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo_Farnsworth" title="Philo Farnsworth">Philo Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Fessenden" title="Reginald Fessenden">Reginald Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray">Elisha Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Heaviside" title="Oliver Heaviside">Oliver Heaviside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erna_Schneider_Hoover" title="Erna Schneider Hoover">Erna Schneider Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hopkins_(physicist)" title="Harold Hopkins (physicist)">Harold Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Greene_Hubbard" title="Gardiner Greene Hubbard">Gardiner Greene Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Bob Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawon_Kahng" title="Dawon Kahng">Dawon Kahng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Charles K. Kao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narinder_Singh_Kapany" title="Narinder Singh Kapany">Narinder Singh Kapany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr" title="Hedy Lamarr">Hedy Lamarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Landell_de_Moura" title="Roberto Landell de Moura">Roberto Landell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenzo_Manzetti" title="Innocenzo Manzetti">Innocenzo Manzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">Robert Metcalfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Meucci" title="Antonio Meucci">Antonio Meucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Morse" title="Samuel Morse">Samuel Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun-ichi_Nishizawa" title="Jun-ichi Nishizawa">Jun-ichi Nishizawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grafton_Page" title="Charles Grafton Page">Charles Grafton Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radia_Perlman" title="Radia Perlman">Radia Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Stepanovich Popov">Alexander Stepanovich Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivadar_Pusk%C3%A1s" title="Tivadar Puskás">Tivadar Puskás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Philipp_Reis" title="Johann Philipp Reis">Johann Philipp Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almon_Brown_Strowger" title="Almon Brown Strowger">Almon Brown Strowger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sutton_(inventor)" title="Henry Sutton (inventor)">Henry Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner_Tainter" title="Charles Sumner Tainter">Charles Sumner Tainter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Tissot" title="Camille Tissot">Camille Tissot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Vail" title="Alfred Vail">Alfred Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Watson" title="Thomas A. Watson">Thomas A. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Charles Wheatstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_pioneers" title="List of Internet pioneers">Internet pioneers</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transmission_medium" title="Transmission medium">Transmission<br />media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">Coaxial cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">Fiber-optic communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">optical fiber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-space_optical_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-space optical communication">Free-space optical communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_communication" title="Molecular communication">Molecular communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio waves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">wireless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_line" title="Transmission line">Transmission line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunication_circuit" title="Telecommunication circuit">telecommunication circuit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Network_topology" title="Network topology">Network topology</a><br />and switching</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">Bandwidth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_link" title="Telecommunications link">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">Network switching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_switching" title="Circuit switching">circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_switching" title="Packet switching">packet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Node_(networking)" title="Node (networking)">Nodes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_(telecommunication)" title="Terminal (telecommunication)">terminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange" title="Telephone exchange">Telephone exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multiplexing" title="Multiplexing">Multiplexing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space-division_multiple_access" title="Space-division multiple access">Space-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequency-division_multiplexing" title="Frequency-division multiplexing">Frequency-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiplexing" title="Time-division multiplexing">Time-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarization-division_multiplexing" title="Polarization-division multiplexing">Polarization-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_angular_momentum_multiplexing" title="Orbital angular momentum multiplexing">Orbital angular-momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access" title="Code-division multiple access">Code-division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Communication protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_communication" title="Data communication">Data transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_and_forward" title="Store and forward">Store and forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_equipment" title="Telecommunications equipment">Telecommunications equipment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Types of network</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Network">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">LAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next-generation_network" title="Next-generation network">NGN</a></li> <li><a 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