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vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Distribuzione cosmopolita</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 42 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A" title="التوزع العالمي - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التوزع العالمي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmopolit_n%C3%B6vl%C9%99r" title="Kosmopolit növlər - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kosmopolit növlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Космополит (биология) - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Космополит (биология)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmopolitsko_rasprostranjenje" title="Kosmopolitsko rasprostranjenje - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kosmopolitsko rasprostranjenje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmopolitisme_(biologia)" title="Cosmopolitisme (biologia) - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cosmopolitisme (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmopolit" title="Kosmopolit - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kosmopolit" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmopolit_(Biologie)" title="Kosmopolit (Biologie) - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kosmopolit (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmopolitan_distribution" title="Cosmopolitan distribution - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cosmopolitan distribution" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmopolita_distribuo_(biologio)" title="Kosmopolita distribuo (biologio) - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kosmopolita distribuo (biologio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribuci%C3%B3n_cosmopolita" title="Distribución cosmopolita - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Distribución cosmopolita" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmopoliidid_(bioloogia)" title="Kosmopoliidid (bioloogia) - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kosmopoliidid (bioloogia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banaketa_kosmopolita" title="Banaketa kosmopolita - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Banaketa kosmopolita" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پراکندگی جهان‌میهنی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پراکندگی جهان‌میهنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmopoliitti_(biologia)" title="Kosmopoliitti (biologia) - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kosmopoliitti (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9partition_cosmopolite" title="Répartition cosmopolite - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Répartition cosmopolite" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1ileadh_cosmapolaiteach" title="Dáileadh cosmapolaiteach - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dáileadh cosmapolaiteach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_(%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94)" title="קוסמופוליטיות (ביולוגיה) - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוסמופוליטיות (ביולוגיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="सार्वत्रिक वितरण - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सार्वत्रिक वितरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozmopolita_%C3%A9l%C5%91l%C3%A9ny" title="Kozmopolita élőlény - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kozmopolita élőlény" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80_(%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Կոսմոպոլիտներ (կենսաբանություն) - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոսմոպոլիտներ (կենսաբանություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribusi_kosmopolitan" title="Distribusi kosmopolitan - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Distribusi kosmopolitan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%8E%E5%AD%98%E7%A8%AE" title="汎存種 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="汎存種" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributio_cosmopolita" title="Distributio cosmopolita - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Distributio cosmopolita" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Космополитизам (биологија) - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Космополитизам (биологија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmopolitische_verspreiding" title="Kosmopolitische verspreiding - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kosmopolitische verspreiding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmopolitisk_utbreiing" title="Kosmopolitisk utbreiing - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kosmopolitisk utbreiing" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmopolitisk_utbredelse" title="Kosmopolitisk utbredelse - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kosmopolitisk utbredelse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatunek_kosmopolityczny" title="Gatunek kosmopolityczny - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gatunek kosmopolityczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_cosmopolita" title="Distribuição cosmopolita - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Distribuição cosmopolita" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmopolit_(biologie)" title="Cosmopolit (biologie) - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cosmopolit (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Космополитизм (биология) - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Космополитизм (биология)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%9E%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="සාර්වභෞමික ව්‍යාප්තිය - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සාර්වභෞමික ව්‍යාප්තිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmopolitan_distribution" title="Cosmopolitan distribution - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cosmopolitan distribution" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozmopolit_(biogeografija)" title="Kozmopolit (biogeografija) - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kozmopolit (biogeografija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Космополит (биологија) - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Космополит (биологија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmopolit_(biologi)" title="Kosmopolit (biologi) - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kosmopolit (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="பல்வள இயைபுப் பரவல் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பல்வள இயைபுப் பரவல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozmopolit_da%C4%9F%C4%B1l%C4%B1m" title="Kozmopolit dağılım - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kozmopolit dağılım" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Космополітизм (біологія) - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Космополітизм (біологія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmopolitlar" title="Kosmopolitlar - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kosmopolitlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_b%E1%BB%91_to%C3%A0n_c%E1%BA%A7u" title="Phân bố toàn cầu - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phân bố toàn cầu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83" title="世界分布 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="世界分布" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q215402#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p>In <a href="/wiki/Biogeografia" title="Biogeografia">biogeografia</a>, si dice che un <a href="/wiki/Organismo_vivente" title="Organismo vivente">organismo vivente</a> abbia una <b>distribuzione cosmopolita</b> quando il suo <a href="/wiki/Areale" title="Areale">areale</a> si estende in quasi tutto il mondo.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:347px;flex-direction:row"><div class="tsingle" style="float:left;margin:1px;width:131px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WildRat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/WildRat.jpg/129px-WildRat.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/WildRat.jpg/194px-WildRat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/WildRat.jpg/258px-WildRat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="float:left;margin:1px;width:212px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brown_rat_distribution.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Brown_rat_distribution.png/210px-Brown_rat_distribution.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Brown_rat_distribution.png/315px-Brown_rat_distribution.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Brown_rat_distribution.png/420px-Brown_rat_distribution.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a></span></div></div><div style="clear:left"></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left;text-align:left">Il <a href="/wiki/Rattus_norvegicus" title="Rattus norvegicus">ratto grigio</a> è una tipica specie a distribuzione cosmopolita.</div></div></div> <p>Inteso letteralmente, il termine dovrebbe essere ristretto agli organismi presenti in tutti i <a href="/wiki/Continenti" class="mw-redirect" title="Continenti">continenti</a>, compreso l'<a href="/wiki/Antartide" title="Antartide">Antartide</a>, ma in tale accezione sarebbe riferibile solo a poche specie di <a href="/wiki/Commensalismo" title="Commensalismo">organismi commensali</a> e di <a href="/wiki/Crittogame" class="mw-redirect" title="Crittogame">crittogame</a> inferiori.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> Più frequentemente il termine è applicato in maniera più estensiva per indicare che un organismo è presente in tutti continenti eccetto l'Antartide.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:347px;flex-direction:row"><div class="tsingle" style="float:left;margin:1px;width:126px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosa_pimpinellifolia_20052001.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Rosa_pimpinellifolia_20052001.JPG/124px-Rosa_pimpinellifolia_20052001.JPG" decoding="async" width="124" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Rosa_pimpinellifolia_20052001.JPG/186px-Rosa_pimpinellifolia_20052001.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Rosa_pimpinellifolia_20052001.JPG/248px-Rosa_pimpinellifolia_20052001.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="511" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="float:left;margin:1px;width:217px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map-Rosaceae.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Map-Rosaceae.PNG/215px-Map-Rosaceae.PNG" decoding="async" width="215" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Map-Rosaceae.PNG/323px-Map-Rosaceae.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Map-Rosaceae.PNG/430px-Map-Rosaceae.PNG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="370" /></a></span></div></div><div style="clear:left"></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left;text-align:left">Una famiglia di piante cosmopolita: le <a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosacee</a></div></div></div> <p>Il termine può riferirsi non solo a una singola <a href="/wiki/Specie" title="Specie">specie</a>, ma anche a <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxa</a> di <a href="/wiki/Tassonomia" title="Tassonomia">rango tassonomico</a> superiore (<a href="/wiki/Genere_(tassonomia)" title="Genere (tassonomia)">genere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Famiglia_(tassonomia)" title="Famiglia (tassonomia)">famiglia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ordine_(tassonomia)" title="Ordine (tassonomia)">ordine</a>, etc.). </p><p>Per esempio, molte famiglie di <a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">piante</a>, tra cui <a href="/wiki/Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orchidaceae" title="Orchidaceae">Orchidaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a>, solo per citare alcune delle più note, hanno una distribuzione estesa ai cinque continenti. Analogamente, nel <a href="/wiki/Regno_animale" class="mw-redirect" title="Regno animale">regno animale</a> possiamo citare come esempio l'ordine cosmopolita dei <a href="/wiki/Rodentia" title="Rodentia">Roditori</a>, numerose famiglie di <a href="/wiki/Aves" title="Aves">uccelli</a> come gli <a href="/wiki/Anatidae" title="Anatidae">Anatidi</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Columbidae" title="Columbidae">Columbidi</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Passeridae" title="Passeridae">Passeridi</a>, molte famiglie di <a href="/wiki/Insecta" title="Insecta">insetti</a> come le <a href="/wiki/Apidae" title="Apidae">api</a> o le <a href="/wiki/Formicidae" title="Formicidae">formiche</a>. </p> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:348px;flex-direction:row"><div class="tsingle" style="float:left;margin:1px;width:134px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Falco_peregrinus_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Falco_peregrinus_-_01.jpg/132px-Falco_peregrinus_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Falco_peregrinus_-_01.jpg/198px-Falco_peregrinus_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Falco_peregrinus_-_01.jpg/264px-Falco_peregrinus_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3248" data-file-height="2212" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="float:left;margin:1px;width:210px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PeregrineRangeMap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/PeregrineRangeMap.png/208px-PeregrineRangeMap.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/PeregrineRangeMap.png/312px-PeregrineRangeMap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/PeregrineRangeMap.png/416px-PeregrineRangeMap.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div></div><div style="clear:left"></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left;text-align:left">Il <a href="/wiki/Falco_pellegrino" class="mw-redirect" title="Falco pellegrino">falco pellegrino</a> è distribuito nei cinque continenti, ma solo nelle aree che soddisfano le sue esigenze in materia di <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a>.</div></div></div> <p>Va inoltre precisato che attribuire a un taxon una distribuzione cosmopolita non significa affermare che esso sia distribuito in ogni regione di ogni singolo continente: la sua presenza può essere significativamente limitata dalla disponibilità di <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a> appropriati. </p><p>Per esempio, il <a href="/wiki/Falco_pellegrino" class="mw-redirect" title="Falco pellegrino">falco pellegrino</a>, considerando l'insieme delle aree di nidificazione, di quelle di svernamento e di quelle di estivazione, può essere indubbiamente considerata una specie cosmopolita; tuttavia la sua presenza nei diversi continenti è limitata alle aree che soddisfano le sue esigenze in materia di habitat. </p> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:347px;flex-direction:row"><div class="tsingle" style="float:left;margin:1px;width:136px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bufo_bufo_small.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bufo_bufo_small.jpg/134px-Bufo_bufo_small.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bufo_bufo_small.jpg/201px-Bufo_bufo_small.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bufo_bufo_small.jpg/268px-Bufo_bufo_small.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="float:left;margin:1px;width:207px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bufonidae_distrib.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Bufonidae_distrib.PNG/205px-Bufonidae_distrib.PNG" decoding="async" width="205" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Bufonidae_distrib.PNG/308px-Bufonidae_distrib.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Bufonidae_distrib.PNG/410px-Bufonidae_distrib.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a></span></div></div><div style="clear:left"></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left;text-align:left">I rospi della famiglia <a href="/wiki/Bufonidae" title="Bufonidae">Bufonidae</a> hanno una distribuzione subcosmopolita.</div></div></div> <p>Alcuni taxa con ampia distribuzione geografica possono essere totalmente assenti da una grande area regionale. È il caso, per esempio, dei rospi della famiglia <a href="/wiki/Bufonidae" title="Bufonidae">Bufonidae</a>, ampiamente diffusi in America, Europa, Africa e Asia ma assenti dalla <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">zona australasiana</a>, a sud della <a href="/wiki/Linea_di_Wallace" title="Linea di Wallace">linea di Wallace</a>, e dal <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>. In simili casi si parla di taxon <b>subcosmopolita</b>, per sottolineare il carattere incompleto di una pur ampia distribuzione.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Come esempio di pianta subcosmopolita, si può citare la pianta acquatica <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolffia_arrhiza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolffia arrhiza (la pagina non esiste)">Wolffia arrhiza</a></i>, una delle più piccole <a href="/wiki/Piante_vascolari" class="mw-redirect" title="Piante vascolari">piante vascolari</a> esistenti, ampiamente diffusa in tutti i continenti ma assente in <a href="/wiki/America_del_Sud" class="mw-redirect" title="America del Sud">America del Sud</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:348px;flex-direction:row"><div class="tsingle" style="float:left;margin:1px;width:150px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Killerwhales_jumping.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Killerwhales_jumping.jpg/148px-Killerwhales_jumping.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Killerwhales_jumping.jpg/222px-Killerwhales_jumping.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Killerwhales_jumping.jpg/296px-Killerwhales_jumping.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2186" data-file-height="1453" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="float:left;margin:1px;width:194px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cypron-Range_Orcinus_orca.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cypron-Range_Orcinus_orca.svg/192px-Cypron-Range_Orcinus_orca.svg.png" decoding="async" width="192" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cypron-Range_Orcinus_orca.svg/288px-Cypron-Range_Orcinus_orca.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cypron-Range_Orcinus_orca.svg/384px-Cypron-Range_Orcinus_orca.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="340" /></a></span></div></div><div style="clear:left"></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left;text-align:left">L'<a href="/wiki/Orcinus_orca" title="Orcinus orca">orca</a>, per quanto confinata all'ambiente acquatico, può essere considerata a pieno titolo una specie cosmopolita.</div></div></div> <p>Il concetto di distribuzione cosmopolita può essere riferito anche agli organismi marini. Contrariamente a quello che si può essere portati a pensare, gli <a href="/wiki/Oceano" title="Oceano">oceani</a> non costituiscono un territorio privo di confini; al loro interno esistono molte barriere fisiche e biologiche che limitano la diffusione delle specie. Per esempio, i notevoli <a href="/wiki/Gradiente_di_temperatura" title="Gradiente di temperatura">gradienti di temperatura</a> impediscono la migrazione delle specie tropicali tra l'<a href="/wiki/Oceano_Atlantico" title="Oceano Atlantico">oceano Atlantico</a> e gli oceani <a href="/wiki/Oceano_Indiano" title="Oceano Indiano">Indiano</a> e <a href="/wiki/Oceano_Pacifico" title="Oceano Pacifico">Pacifico</a>, nonostante l'ampia area di contatto tra i due bacini. Analogamente, il <a href="/wiki/Mar_Glaciale_Artico" title="Mar Glaciale Artico">Mar Glaciale Artico</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Oceano_antartico" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceano antartico">Oceano antartico</a>, pur accomunati da condizioni ambientali molto simili, sono completamente isolati l'uno dall'altro dalla invalicabile barriera termica delle acque tropicali. Nonostante tali considerazioni, esistono numerose specie marine, per esempio alcuni grossi <a href="/wiki/Cetacei" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetacei">cetacei</a> come il <a href="/wiki/Physeter_macrocephalus" title="Physeter macrocephalus">capodoglio</a> o l'<a href="/wiki/Orcinus_orca" title="Orcinus orca">orca</a>, che presentano una distribuzione cosmopolita. </p> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:344px;flex-direction:row"><div class="tsingle" style="float:left;margin:1px;width:118px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Passer_domesticus_-Scotland_-male-8b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Passer_domesticus_-Scotland_-male-8b.jpg/116px-Passer_domesticus_-Scotland_-male-8b.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Passer_domesticus_-Scotland_-male-8b.jpg/174px-Passer_domesticus_-Scotland_-male-8b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Passer_domesticus_-Scotland_-male-8b.jpg/232px-Passer_domesticus_-Scotland_-male-8b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1927" data-file-height="1827" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="float:left;margin:1px;width:222px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PasserDomesticusDistribution.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/PasserDomesticusDistribution.png/220px-PasserDomesticusDistribution.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/PasserDomesticusDistribution.png/330px-PasserDomesticusDistribution.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/PasserDomesticusDistribution.png/440px-PasserDomesticusDistribution.png 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1117" /></a></span></div></div><div style="clear:left"></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left;text-align:left">Il <a href="/wiki/Passer_domesticus" title="Passer domesticus">passero comune</a>, originario del <a href="/wiki/Vecchio_Mondo" title="Vecchio Mondo">Vecchio Mondo</a>, ha assunto una distribuzione cosmopolita, a seguito della introduzione da parte dell'uomo in America e Oceania.</div></div></div> <p>Resta infine da notare che l'<a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens">uomo</a>, specie essa stessa cosmopolita, contribuisce significativamente, attraverso introduzioni intenzionali o accidentali, all'espansione mondiale di specie originariamente circoscritte, che di per sé non avrebbero capacità di dispersione a lunga distanza. Il fenomeno riguarda un cospicuo numero di specie introdotte, sia animali che vegetali, alcune delle quali sono divenute <a href="/wiki/Specie_invasiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Specie invasiva">specie invasive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In molti casi, una specie aliena che si adatta a un nuovo habitat ne altera l'<a href="/wiki/Equilibrio_ecologico" class="mw-redirect" title="Equilibrio ecologico">equilibrio</a>, entrando in <a href="/wiki/Competizione" title="Competizione">competizione</a> con una o più specie <a href="/wiki/Autoctono_(biologia)" title="Autoctono (biologia)">autoctone</a>; in alcuni casi, la specie alloctona può prendere il sopravvento, portando le popolazioni autoctone all'<a href="/wiki/Estinzione" title="Estinzione">estinzione</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Distribuzione_cosmopolita&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Distribuzione_cosmopolita&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Oxford-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_1-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Allaby M., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=J7JsCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT152&lpg=PT152&dq=%22Distribuzione+cosmopolita%22&source=bl&ots=b8-DmKNggV&sig=O5JqU5FSZbAKUWhP5GJZlcYR2VQ&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjzh62b1J7aAhVEhqQKHX2BCvcQ6AEITjAD#v=onepage&q=%22Distribuzione%20cosmopolita%22&f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">Il Piccolo Dizionario Botanico Di Oxford</span></a>, Antonio Delfino Editore.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Calow P.P., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JKTeiqPBpM4C&pg=PA164"><span style="font-style:italic;">Encyclopedia of Ecology and Environmental Management</span></a>, John Wiley & Sons, 2009, p. 164, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-4443-1324-6" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-4443-1324-6">978-1-4443-1324-6</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Pramuk, J.B., Robertson, T., Sites Jr, J.W. & Noonan, B.P., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brice_Noonan/publication/228633365_Around_the_world_in_10_million_years_Biogeography_of_the_nearly_cosmopolitan_true_toads_Anura_Bufonidae/links/5ad62a45aca272fdaf7d936f/Around-the-world-in-10-million-years-Biogeography-of-the-nearly-cosmopolitan-true-toads-Anura-Bufonidae.pdf?_sg%5B0%5D=j9IwYHkHi6wAnWx2wnQq-qY8zce1LryTykK5BJlBhwPYSjzA0YNJ_GH73uAzzrhoQKfbh2SRa0DTgOj5XoEqVg.7sy6-scm_vKx82BfgLcIIBuIdBJgObDFIPDdSvaC-omhYqGuZ5vk3o_ARJq35RfwVK6gSKVFcl7KowLZJp13JA&_sg%5B1%5D=SBl0xmvwC0VAV3t-Rav96S2ychPW-yIb6lUz9w0Ib4Px9HdL5D0Vv5bYo24Ppa_tyU7NQbyC4mBvqi7dN8HM_e0OYVwBSw0NbJ-LajPoEfuR.7sy6-scm_vKx82BfgLcIIBuIdBJgObDFIPDdSvaC-omhYqGuZ5vk3o_ARJq35RfwVK6gSKVFcl7KowLZJp13JA&_iepl="><span style="font-style:italic;">Around the world in 10 million years: biogeography of the nearly cosmopolitan true toads (Anura: Bufonidae)</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Global Ecology and Biogeography</span>, vol. 17, 2008, pp. 72-83.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aquaportail.com/definition-13751-subcosmopolite.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Que signifie subcosmopolite ?</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">aquaportail.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 6 aprile 2018</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lifeasap.eu/index.php/it/specie-aliene-invasive/cosa-sono"><span style="font-style:italic;">Le specie aliene invasive</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">lifeasap.eu</span>. <small>URL consultato il 24/9/2020</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Distribuzione_cosmopolita&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Distribuzione_cosmopolita&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biogeografia" title="Biogeografia">Biogeografia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitogeografia" title="Fitogeografia">Fitogeografia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoogeografia" title="Zoogeografia">Zoogeografia</a></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunflower_d1.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ecologia"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sunflower_d1.png/23px-Sunflower_d1.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sunflower_d1.png/36px-Sunflower_d1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sunflower_d1.png/47px-Sunflower_d1.png 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Ecologia" class="mw-redirect" title="Portale:Ecologia">Portale Ecologia</a></b>: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di ecologia</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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