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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Produkty naftowe</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 35 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AC_%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B7%D9%8A" title="منتج نفطي – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منتج نفطي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neft_m%C9%99hsullar%C4%B1" title="Neft məhsulları – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Neft məhsulları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Нафтапрадукты – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нафтапрадукты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Нефтопродукт – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нефтопродукт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivat_del_petroli" title="Derivat del petroli – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Derivat del petroli" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropn%C3%BD_produkt" title="Ropný produkt – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ropný produkt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleumsprodukter" title="Petroleumsprodukter – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Petroleumsprodukter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C3%B6lderivat" title="Erdölderivat – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erdölderivat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naftasaadused" title="Naftasaadused – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Naftasaadused" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_product" title="Petroleum product – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Petroleum product" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivado_del_petr%C3%B3leo" title="Derivado del petróleo – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Derivado del petróleo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrola_produkto" title="Petrola produkto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Petrola produkto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolioaren_eratorri" title="Petrolioaren eratorri – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Petrolioaren eratorri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="فراورده نفتی – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فراورده نفتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produit_p%C3%A9trolier" title="Produit pétrolier – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Produit pétrolier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produto_derivado_do_petr%C3%B3leo" title="Produto derivado do petróleo – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Produto derivado do petróleo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9D%EC%9C%A0_%EC%A0%9C%ED%92%88" title="석유 제품 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="석유 제품" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="पेट्रोलियम उत्पाद – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पेट्रोलियम उत्पाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produk_minyak_bumi" title="Produk minyak bumi – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Produk minyak bumi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prodotti_derivati_dal_petrolio" title="Prodotti derivati dal petrolio – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Prodotti derivati dal petrolio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naftos_produktai" title="Naftos produktai – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Naftos produktai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aardoliedestillaat" title="Aardoliedestillaat – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aardoliedestillaat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E8%A3%BD%E5%93%81" title="石油製品 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="石油製品" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleumsprodukter" title="Petroleumsprodukter – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Petroleumsprodukter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Нефтепродукты – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нефтепродукты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prudotti_dirivati_d%C3%BB_pitr%C3%B2liu" title="Prudotti dirivati dû pitròliu – sycylijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Prudotti dirivati dû pitròliu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sycylijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_product" title="Petroleum product – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Petroleum product" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Нафтни деривати – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нафтни деривати" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96ljynjalostustuote" title="Öljynjalostustuote – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Öljynjalostustuote" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleumprodukter" title="Petroleumprodukter – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Petroleumprodukter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produktong_petrolyo" title="Produktong petrolyo – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Produktong petrolyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrol_%C3%BCr%C3%BCnleri" title="Petrol ürünleri – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Petrol ürünleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Нафтопродукти – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нафтопродукти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E4%BA%A7%E5%93%81" title="石油产品 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="石油产品" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" 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<nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><p><b>Produkty naftowe</b> – produkty otrzymywane z <a href="/wiki/Ropa_naftowa" title="Ropa naftowa">ropy naftowej</a>, a w szczególności: <a href="/wiki/Paliwo_ciek%C5%82e" title="Paliwo ciekłe">paliwa płynne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olej_opa%C5%82owy" title="Olej opałowy">oleje opałowe</a>, <a href="/wiki/LPG" title="LPG">gaz płynny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oleje" title="Oleje">oleje</a> i <a href="/wiki/Smar" title="Smar">smary</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Diagram4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Diagram4.jpg/440px-Diagram4.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Diagram4.jpg/660px-Diagram4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Diagram4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>Diagram podziału produktów naftowych wytwarzanych z baryłki ropy amerykańskiej</figcaption></figure> <p>W odróżnieniu od produktów petrochemicznych, które są zazwyczaj zbiorem ściśle określonych czystych związków chemicznych, produkty naftowe są złożoną mieszaniną związków organicznych oraz nieorganicznych. Związki nieorganiczne stanowią niewielki procent udziału mieszaniny. Większa część ropy naftowej konwertowana jest do produktów naftowych<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup>. W zależności od składu chemicznego ropy naftowej oraz od wymagań na rynku, <a href="/wiki/Rafineria_ropy_naftowej" title="Rafineria ropy naftowej">rafinerie</a> mogą produkować różne ilości określonych produktów naftowych. Największy udział produktów naftowych to produkty używane jako „nośniki energii”, czyli różne gatunki <a href="/wiki/Olej_nap%C4%99dowy" title="Olej napędowy">oleju napędowego</a> i <a href="/wiki/Benzyna" title="Benzyna">benzyny</a>. Paliwa te mogą zostać poddawane dalszej przeróbce tworząc benzynę, paliwo do silników odrzutowych, olej napędowy, olej opałowy oraz oleje ciężkie. Cięższe (mniej <a href="/wiki/Lotno%C5%9B%C4%87_(ciecz)" title="Lotność (ciecz)">lotne</a>) frakcje mogą również być użyte do wytwarzania <a href="/wiki/Asfalt" title="Asfalt">asfaltów</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smar" title="Smar">smarów</a>, wosku parafinowego, olejów smarnych oraz innych olejów ciężkich. Rafinerie wytwarzają również inne związki chemiczne, które mogą być użyte w procesach chemicznych do produkcji <a href="/wiki/Tworzywa_sztuczne" title="Tworzywa sztuczne">tworzyw sztucznych</a> i innych przydatnych materiałów. Ropa naftowa w swoim składzie chemicznym zawiera od kilku do kilkunastu procent <a href="/wiki/Siarka" title="Siarka">siarki</a>, w zależności od stopnia jej zasiarczenia, dlatego usuwana z ropy siarka traktowana jest również jako produkt naftowy. <a href="/wiki/W%C4%99gle_kopalne" title="Węgle kopalne">Węgiel</a>, w postaci koksu naftowego, jak i <a href="/wiki/Wod%C3%B3r" title="Wodór">wodór</a> również mogą być traktowane jako produkty naftowe. Wodór, wytwarzany w procesie przeróbki ropy, jest często wykorzystywany jako <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3%C5%82produkt" title="Półprodukt">półprodukt</a> do innych procesów rafinacji ropy naftowej, takich jak <a href="/wiki/Hydrokraking" title="Hydrokraking">hydrokraking</a> i <a href="/wiki/Hydrorafinacja" title="Hydrorafinacja">hydrorafinacji</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Produkty_naftowe&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Produkty_naftowe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rozporządzenie Ministra Gospodarki z dnia 21 listopada 2005 r. w sprawie warunków technicznych, jakim powinny odpowiadać bazy i stacje paliw płynnych, rurociągi przesyłowe dalekosiężne służące do transportu ropy naftowej i produktów naftowych i ich usytuowanie (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20140001853">Dz.U. z 2014 r. poz. 1853</a></span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Walther W. Irion, Otto S. Neuwirth, „Oil Refining” in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">materia organiczna</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/sh85100445">sh85100445</a></span></li><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities" class="extiw" title="de:Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00570609">00570609</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119326478">119326478</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Centralna_Biblioteka_Narodowa_we_Florencji" title="Centralna Biblioteka Narodowa we Florencji">BNCF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=48699">48699</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph125219">ph125219</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007538610505171">987007538610505171</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/petroleumprodukter">petroleumprodukter</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Produkty_naftowe&oldid=72636918">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Produkty_naftowe&oldid=72636918</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Ropa_naftowa" title="Kategoria:Ropa naftowa">Ropa naftowa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Materia%C5%82y_ropopochodne" title="Kategoria:Materiały ropopochodne">Materiały ropopochodne</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 21 sty 2024, 08:45.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. 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