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Meshram</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Ganesh Meshram"> <meta name="keywords" content="Ganesh Meshram"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Ganesh Meshram"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 50</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Ganesh Meshram</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Human Gesture Recognition for Real-Time Control of Humanoid Robot</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Aswath">S. Aswath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinmaya%20Krishna%20Tilak"> Chinmaya Krishna Tilak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amal%20Suresh"> Amal Suresh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20Udupa"> Ganesh Udupa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are technologies to control a humanoid robot in many ways. But the use of Electromyogram (EMG) electrodes has its own importance in setting up the control system. The EMG based control system helps to control robotic devices with more fidelity and precision. In this paper, development of an electromyogram based interface for human gesture recognition for the control of a humanoid robot is presented. To recognize control signs in the gestures, a single channel EMG sensor is positioned on the muscles of the human body. Instead of using a remote control unit, the humanoid robot is controlled by various gestures performed by the human. The EMG electrodes attached to the muscles generates an analog signal due to the effect of nerve impulses generated on moving muscles of the human being. The analog signals taken up from the muscles are supplied to a differential muscle sensor that processes the given signal to generate a signal suitable for the microcontroller to get the control over a humanoid robot. The signal from the differential muscle sensor is converted to a digital form using the ADC of the microcontroller and outputs its decision to the CM-530 humanoid robot controller through a Zigbee wireless interface. The output decision of the CM-530 processor is sent to a motor driver in order to control the servo motors in required direction for human like actions. This method for gaining control of a humanoid robot could be used for performing actions with more accuracy and ease. In addition, a study has been conducted to investigate the controllability and ease of use of the interface and the employed gestures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromyogram" title="electromyogram">electromyogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gesture" title=" gesture"> gesture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20sensor" title=" muscle sensor"> muscle sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humanoid%20robot" title=" humanoid robot"> humanoid robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microcontroller" title=" microcontroller"> microcontroller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zigbee" title=" Zigbee"> Zigbee</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7288/human-gesture-recognition-for-real-time-control-of-humanoid-robot" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7288.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Ghost Frequency Noise Reduction through Displacement Deviation Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paua%20Ketan">Paua Ketan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhagate%20Rajkumar"> Bhagate Rajkumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adiga%20Ganesh"> Adiga Ganesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kiran"> M. Kiran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low gear noise is an important sound quality feature in modern passenger cars. Annoying gear noise from the gearbox is influenced by the gear design, gearbox shaft layout, manufacturing deviations in the components, assembly errors and the mounting arrangement of the complete gearbox. Geometrical deviations in the form of profile and lead errors are often present on the flanks of the inspected gears. Ghost frequencies of a gear are very challenging to identify in standard gear measurement and analysis process due to small wavelengths involved. In this paper, gear whine noise occurring at non-integral multiples of gear mesh frequency of passenger car gearbox is investigated and the root cause is identified using the displacement deviation analysis (DDA) method. DDA method is applied to identify ghost frequency excitations on the flanks of gears arising out of generation grinding. Frequency identified through DDA correlated with the frequency of vibration and noise on the end-of-line machine as well as vehicle level measurements. With the application of DDA method along with standard lead profile measurement, gears with ghost frequency geometry deviations were identified on the production line to eliminate defective parts and thereby eliminate ghost frequency noise from a vehicle. Further, displacement deviation analysis can be used in conjunction with the manufacturing process simulation to arrive at suitable countermeasures for arresting the ghost frequency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement%20deviation%20analysis" title="displacement deviation analysis">displacement deviation analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gear%20whine" title=" gear whine"> gear whine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ghost%20frequency" title=" ghost frequency"> ghost frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sound%20quality" title=" sound quality"> sound quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126509/ghost-frequency-noise-reduction-through-displacement-deviation-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126509.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Molecular Characterization of Dirofilaria repens in Dogs from Karnataka, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20S.%20Malatesh">D. S. Malatesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20J.%20Ananda"> K. J. Ananda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Ansar%20Kamran"> C. Ansar Kamran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Ganesh%20Udupa"> K. Ganesh Udupa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dirofilaria repens is a mosquito-borne filarioid nematode of dogs and other carnivores and accidentally affects humans. D. repens is reported in many countries, including India. Subcutaneous dirofilariosis caused by D. repens is a zoonotic disease, widely distributed throughout Europe, Asia, and Africa, with higher prevalence reported in dogs from Sri Lanka (30-60%), Iran (61%) and Italy (21-25%). Dirofilariasis in dogs was diagnosed by detection of microfilariae in blood. Identification of different Dirofilaria species was done by using molecular methods like polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Even though many researchers reported molecular evidence of D. repens across India, to our best knowledge there is no data available on molecular diagnosis of D. repens in dogs and its zoonotic implication in Karnataka state a southern state in India. The aim of the present study was to identify the Dirofilaria species occurring in dogs from Karnataka, India. Out of 310 samples screened for the presence of microfilariae using traditional diagnostic methods, 99 (31.93%) were positive for the presence of microfilariae. Based on the morphometry, the microfilariae were identified as D. repens. For confirmation of species, the samples were subjected to PCR using pan filarial primers (DIDR-F1, DIDR-R1) for amplification of internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA. The PCR product of 484 base pairs on agarose gel was indicative of D. repens. Hence, a single PCR reaction using pan filarial primers can be used to differentiate filarial species found in dogs. The present study confirms that dirofilarial species occurring in dogs from Karnataka is D. repens and further sequencing studies are needed for genotypic characterization of D. repens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dirofilaria%20repens" title="Dirofilaria repens">Dirofilaria repens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20characterization" title=" molecular characterization"> molecular characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymerase%20chain%20reaction" title=" polymerase chain reaction"> polymerase chain reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karnataka" title=" Karnataka"> Karnataka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109804/molecular-characterization-of-dirofilaria-repens-in-dogs-from-karnataka-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109804.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Endeavor to Develop Immunological and Hematological Early Diagnostic Marker to Check the Conversion of Asymptomatic to Symptomatic Visceral Leishmaniasis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roshan%20Kamal%20Topno">Roshan Kamal Topno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maneesh%20Kumar"> Maneesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manas%20Ranjan%20Dikhit"> Manas Ranjan Dikhit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishna%20Pandey"> Krishna Pandey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Major%20Madhukar"> Major Madhukar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vidhya%20Nand%20Rabidas"> Vidhya Nand Rabidas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahab%20Ali"> Vahab Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20Chandra%20Sahoo"> Ganesh Chandra Sahoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhawana"> Bhawana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devendra%20Prasad%20Yadav"> Devendra Prasad Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rishikesh%20Kumar"> Rishikesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradeep%20Das"> Pradeep Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A diagnostic marker for asymptomatic subject becomes a crucial need for advocating early prophylactic majors to control protozoal infection. The main issue in epidemiological affected regions is the presence of an asymptomatic individual that might potentially convert to a symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The epidemiological study has been conducted at highly VL endemic Moriyama village in Patna district, Bihar, India that covers total population of 1540 individuals. Here, 1104(74.02%) people had been randomly screened and only 46 (4.17%) asymptomatic individuals were found sero-positive by the rK39 test. After taking signed informed consent form, blood samples were collected from 46 asymptomatic subjects for further hematological and immunological tests. Total leukocyte count, hemoglobin (gm%), neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet count and interleukin-10 (IL-10) had been included as diagnostic markers. Interestingly only 5 (10.86%) individuals showed their asymptomatic conversion into symptomatic VL patients during quarterly surveillance. In overall analysis only two markers are suggestive for disease conversion that is hemoglobin (gm%) and IL-10. In all the infected patients, both the mean decrease in hemoglobin and mean increase of IL-10 was 19.23% from its normal value. The results might suggest that hematological and immunological changes would become helpful for early diagnosis of asymptomatic to symptomatic VL conversion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymptomatic" title="asymptomatic">asymptomatic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological" title=" epidemiological"> epidemiological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symptomatic%20visceral%20leishmaniasis" title=" symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis"> symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemoglobin%20%28gm%25%29" title=" hemoglobin (gm%)"> hemoglobin (gm%)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interleukin-10" title=" interleukin-10"> interleukin-10</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99701/endeavor-to-develop-immunological-and-hematological-early-diagnostic-marker-to-check-the-conversion-of-asymptomatic-to-symptomatic-visceral-leishmaniasis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> PPRA Regulates DNA Replication Initiation and Cell Morphology in Escherichia coli</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20K.%20Maurya">Ganesh K. Maurya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reema%20Chaudhary"> Reema Chaudhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Pandey"> Neha Pandey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hari%20S.%20Misra"> Hari S. Misra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> PprA, a pleiotropic protein participating in radioresistance, has been reported for its roles in DNA replication initiation, genome segregation, cell division and DNA repair in polyextremophile Deinococcus radiodurans. Interestingly, expression of deinococcal PprA in E. coli suppresses its growth by reducing the number of colony forming units and provides better resistance against γ-radiation than control. We employed different biochemical and cell biology studies using PprA and its DNA binding/polymerization mutants (K133E & W183R) in E. coli. Cells expressing wild type PprA or its K133E mutant showed reduction in the amount of genomic DNA as well as chromosome copy number in comparison to W183R mutant of PprA and control cells, which suggests the role of PprA protein in regulation of DNA replication initiation in E. coli. Further, E. coli cells expressing PprA or its mutants exhibited different impact on cell morphology than control. Expression of PprA or K133E mutant displayed a significant increase in cell length upto 5 folds while W183R mutant showed cell length similar to uninduced control cells. We checked the interaction of deinococcal PprA and its mutants with E. coli DnaA using Bacterial two-hybrid system and co-immunoprecipitation. We observed a functional interaction of EcDnaA with PprA and K133E mutant but not with W183R mutant of PprA. Further, PprA or K133E mutant has suppressed the ATPase activity of EcDnaA but W183R mutant of PprA failed to do so. These observations suggested that PprA protein regulates DNA replication initiation and cell morphology of surrogate E. coli. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20replication" title="DNA replication">DNA replication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radioresistance" title=" radioresistance"> radioresistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein-protein%20interaction" title=" protein-protein interaction"> protein-protein interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20morphology" title=" cell morphology"> cell morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ATPase%20activity" title=" ATPase activity"> ATPase activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171547/ppra-regulates-dna-replication-initiation-and-cell-morphology-in-escherichia-coli" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> PPRA Controls DNA Replication and Cell Growth in Escherichia Coli</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20K.%20Maurya">Ganesh K. Maurya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reema%20Chaudhary"> Reema Chaudhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Pandey"> Neha Pandey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hari%20S.%20Misra"> Hari S. Misra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> PprA, a pleiotropic protein participating in radioresistance, has been reported for its roles in DNA replication initiation, genome segregation, cell division and DNA repair in polyextremophile Deinococcus radiodurans. Interestingly, expression of deinococcal PprA in E. coli suppresses its growth by reducing the number of colony forming units and provide better resistance against γ-radiation than control. We employed different biochemical and cell biology studies using PprA and its DNA binding/polymerization mutants (K133E & W183R) in E. coli. Cells expressing wild type PprA or its K133E mutant showed reduction in the amount of genomic DNA as well as chromosome copy number in comparison to W183R mutant of PprA and control cells, which suggests the role of PprA protein in regulation of DNA replication initiation in E. coli. Further, E. coli cells expressing PprA or its mutants exhibited different impact on cell morphology than control. Expression of PprA or K133E mutant displayed a significant increase in cell length upto 5 folds while W183R mutant showed cell length similar to uninduced control cells. We checked the interaction of deinococcal PprA and its mutants with E. coli DnaA using Bacterial two-hybrid system and co-immunoprecipitation. We observed a functional interaction of EcDnaA with PprA and K133E mutant but not with W183R mutant of PprA. Further, PprA or K133E mutant has suppressed the ATPase activity of EcDnaA but W183R mutant of PprA failed to do so. These observations suggested that PprA protein regulates DNA replication initiation and cell morphology of surrogate E. coli. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20replication" title="DNA replication">DNA replication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radioresistance" title=" radioresistance"> radioresistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein-protein%20interaction" title=" protein-protein interaction"> protein-protein interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20morphology" title=" cell morphology"> cell morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ATPase%20activity" title=" ATPase activity"> ATPase activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171922/ppra-controls-dna-replication-and-cell-growth-in-escherichia-coli" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus and Rubella Confection in Tropical Regions in Bihar, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhawana">Bhawana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roshan%20Kamal%20Topno"> Roshan Kamal Topno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maneesh%20Kumar"> Maneesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Major%20Madhukar"> Major Madhukar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishna%20Pandey"> Krishna Pandey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20Chandra%20Sahoo"> Ganesh Chandra Sahoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manas%20Ranjan%20Dikhit"> Manas Ranjan Dikhit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surya%20Suman"> Surya Suman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devendra%20Prasad%20Yadav"> Devendra Prasad Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rishikesh%20Kumar"> Rishikesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradeep%20Das"> Pradeep Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Viral co-infection is now very common across taxa and environments that are involved in congenital infections. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Rubella are the two serious viral infections, well categorized in TORCH Syndrome. Here we had endeavoured the seroprevalence of co-infection of HSV and Rubella. Systematic tests have been performed to check the virulence pattern of the co-infection. The study was conducted at Department of Virology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna, Bihar, India during January 2018-July 2018. 299 newly cases were attended with the sign and symptoms of HSV and Rubella. After taking written consent forms from all the subjects, blood samples were collected for serological detection. ELISA was performed to detect the presence of IgM antibody level. 12 patients were found to be IgM positive from each HSV and Rubella infection. The findings of our study showed that 6 patients were positive for both HSV and rubella and hence were co-infected. Such co-infection causes severe health problems as it leads to the mortality rate of the patients during viral infectivity. Epidemiologically, proper screening should be needed to check any chance of occurrence of such co-infection in the affected regions in large scale and take suitable preventive approach to decrease the case totality. Concern has to be given to aid proper diagnosis and treatment in order to decrease the spread of HSV and Rubella co-infection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HSV" title="HSV">HSV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubella" title=" Rubella"> Rubella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seroprevalence" title=" seroprevalence"> seroprevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-infection" title=" co-infection"> co-infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ELISA" title=" ELISA"> ELISA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viral%20infectivity" title=" viral infectivity"> viral infectivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99788/seroprevalence-of-herpes-simplex-virus-and-rubella-confection-in-tropical-regions-in-bihar-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> ABET Accreditation Process for Engineering and Technology Programs: Detailed Process Flow from Criteria 1 to Criteria 8</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Kumar">Amit Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajdeep%20Chakrabarty"> Rajdeep Chakrabarty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20Gupta"> Ganesh Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper illustrates the detailed accreditation process of Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology (ABET) for accrediting engineering and Technology programs. ABET is a non-governmental agency that accredits engineering and technology, applied and natural sciences, and computing sciences programs. ABET was founded on 10th May 1932 and was founded by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. International industries accept ABET accredited institutes having the highest standards in their academic programs. In this accreditation, there are eight criteria in general; criterion 1 describes the student outcome evaluations, criteria 2 measures the program's educational objectives, criteria 3 is the student outcome calculated from the marks obtained by students, criteria 4 establishes continuous improvement, criteria 5 focus on curriculum of the institute, criteria 6 is about faculties of this institute, criteria 7 measures the facilities provided by the institute and finally, criteria 8 focus on institutional support towards staff of the institute. In this paper, we focused on the calculative part of each criterion with equations and suitable examples, the files and documentation required for each criterion, and the total workflow of the process. The references and the values used to illustrate the calculations are all taken from the samples provided at ABET's official website. In the final section, we also discuss the criterion-wise score weightage followed by evaluation with timeframe and deadlines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Engineering%20Accreditation%20Committee" title="Engineering Accreditation Committee">Engineering Accreditation Committee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Computing%20Accreditation%20Committee" title=" Computing Accreditation Committee"> Computing Accreditation Committee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20indicator" title=" performance indicator"> performance indicator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Program%20Educational%20Objective" title=" Program Educational Objective"> Program Educational Objective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABET%20Criterion%201%20to%207" title=" ABET Criterion 1 to 7"> ABET Criterion 1 to 7</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IEEE" title=" IEEE"> IEEE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=National%20Board%20of%20Accreditation" title=" National Board of Accreditation"> National Board of Accreditation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MOOCS" title=" MOOCS"> MOOCS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Board%20of%20Studies" title=" Board of Studies"> Board of Studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stakeholders" title=" stakeholders"> stakeholders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=course%20objective" title=" course objective"> course objective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=program%20outcome" title=" program outcome"> program outcome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=articulation" title=" articulation"> articulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attainment" title=" attainment"> attainment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO-PO%20mapping" title=" CO-PO mapping"> CO-PO mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO-PO-SO%20mapping" title=" CO-PO-SO mapping"> CO-PO-SO mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PDCA%20cycle" title=" PDCA cycle"> PDCA cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20certificates" title=" degree certificates"> degree certificates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=course%20files" title=" course files"> course files</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=course%20catalogue" title=" course catalogue"> course catalogue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169512/abet-accreditation-process-for-engineering-and-technology-programs-detailed-process-flow-from-criteria-1-to-criteria-8" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Haemodynamics Study in Subject Specific Carotid Bifurcation Using FSI</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Abdul%20Khader">S. M. Abdul Khader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anurag%20Ayachit"> Anurag Ayachit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raghuvir%20Pai"> Raghuvir Pai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20A.%20Ahmed"> K. A. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20R.%20K%20Rao"> V. R. K Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ganesh%20Kamath"> S. Ganesh Kamath</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The numerical simulation has made tremendous advances in investigating the blood flow phenomenon through elastic arteries. Such study can be useful in demonstrating the disease progression and haemodynamics of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In the present study, patient specific case diagnosed with partially stenosed complete right ICA and normal left carotid bifurcation without any atherosclerotic plaque formation is considered. 3D patient specific carotid bifurcation model is generated based on CT scan data using MIMICS-4.0 and numerical analysis is performed using FSI solver in ANSYS-14.5. The blood flow is assumed to be incompressible, homogenous and Newtonian, while the artery wall is assumed to be linearly elastic. The two-way sequentially-coupled transient FSI analysis is performed using FSI solver for three pulse cycles. The haemodynamic parameters such as flow pattern, Wall Shear Stress, pressure contours and arterial wall deformation are studied at the bifurcation and critical zones such as stenosis. The variation in flow behavior is studied throughout the pulse cycle. Also, the simulation results reveals that there is a considerable increase in the flow behavior in stenosed carotid in contrast to the normal carotid bifurcation system. The investigation also demonstrates the disturbed flow pattern especially at the bifurcation and stenosed zone elevating the haemodynamics, particularly during peak systole and later part of the pulse cycle. The results obtained agree well with the clinical observation and demonstrates the potential of patient specific numerical studies in prognosis of disease progression and plaque rupture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid-structure%20interaction" title="fluid-structure interaction">fluid-structure interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arterial%20stenosis" title=" arterial stenosis"> arterial stenosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20shear%20stress" title=" wall shear stress"> wall shear stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carotid%20artery%20bifurcation" title=" carotid artery bifurcation"> carotid artery bifurcation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15748/haemodynamics-study-in-subject-specific-carotid-bifurcation-using-fsi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">571</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Elucidating Microstructural Evolution Mechanisms in Tungsten via Layerwise Rolling in Additive Manufacturing: An Integrated Simulation and Experimental Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadman%20Durlov">Sadman Durlov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aditya%20Ganesh-Ram"> Aditya Ganesh-Ram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamidreza%20Hekmatjou"> Hamidreza Hekmatjou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md%20Najmus%20Salehin"> Md Najmus Salehin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nora%20Shayesteh%20Ameri"> Nora Shayesteh Ameri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the field of additive manufacturing, tungsten stands out for its exceptional resistance to high temperatures, making it an ideal candidate for use in extreme conditions. However, its inherent brittleness and vulnerability to thermal cracking pose significant challenges to its manufacturability. This study explores the microstructural evolution of tungsten processed through layer-wise rolling in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing, utilizing a comprehensive approach that combines advanced simulation techniques with empirical research. We aim to uncover the complex processes of plastic deformation and microstructural transformations, with a particular focus on the dynamics of grain size, boundary evolution, and phase distribution. Our methodology employs a combination of simulation and experimental data, allowing for a detailed comparison that elucidates the key mechanisms influencing microstructural alterations during the rolling process. This approach facilitates a deeper understanding of the material's behavior under additive manufacturing conditions, specifically in terms of deformation and recrystallization. The insights derived from this research not only deepen our theoretical knowledge but also provide actionable strategies for refining manufacturing parameters to improve the tungsten components' mechanical properties and functional performance. By integrating simulation with practical experimentation, this study significantly enhances the field of materials science, offering a robust framework for the development of durable materials suited for challenging operational environments. Our findings pave the way for optimizing additive manufacturing techniques and expanding the use of tungsten across various demanding sectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title="additive manufacturing">additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer%20wise%20rolling" title=" layer wise rolling"> layer wise rolling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refractory%20materials" title=" refractory materials"> refractory materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20microstructure%20modifications" title=" in-situ microstructure modifications"> in-situ microstructure modifications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183097/elucidating-microstructural-evolution-mechanisms-in-tungsten-via-layerwise-rolling-in-additive-manufacturing-an-integrated-simulation-and-experimental-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Investigation of Doping of CdSe QDs in Organic Semiconductor for Solar Cell Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20R.%20Bhand">Ganesh R. Bhand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20B.%20Chaure"> N. B. Chaure</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs) were prepared by solvothermal route. Subsequently a inorganic QDs-organic semiconductor (copper phthalocyanine) nanocomposite (i.e CuPc:CdSe nanocomposites) were produced by different concentration of QDs varied in CuPc. The nanocomposite thin films have been prepared by means of spin coating technique. The optical, structural and morphological properties of nanocomposite films have been investigated. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the formation of QDs having average size of  4 nm. The X-ray diffraction pattern exhibits cubic crystal structure of CdSe with reflection to (111), (220) and (311) at 25.4ᵒ, 42.2ᵒ and 49.6ᵒ respectively. The additional peak observed at lower angle at 6.9ᵒ in nanocomposite thin films are associated to CuPc. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) observed that surface morphology varied in increasing concentration of CdSe QDs. The obtained nanocomposite show significant improvement in the thermal stability as compared to the pure CuPc indicated by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) in thermograph. The effect in the Raman spectra of composites samples gives a confirm evidence of homogenous dispersion of CdSe in the CuPc matrix and their strong interaction between them to promotes charge transfer property. The success of reaction between composite was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The photo physical properties were studied using UV - visible spectroscopy. The enhancement of the optical absorption in visible region for nanocomposite layer was observed with increasing the concentration of CdSe in CuPc. This composite may obtain the maximized interface between QDs and polymer for efficient charge separation and enhance the charge transport. Such nanocomposite films for potential application in fabrication of hybrid solar cell with improved power conversion efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CdSe%20QDs" title="CdSe QDs">CdSe QDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cupper%20phthalocyanine" title=" cupper phthalocyanine"> cupper phthalocyanine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTIR" title=" FTIR"> FTIR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20absorption" title=" optical absorption"> optical absorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75785/investigation-of-doping-of-cdse-qds-in-organic-semiconductor-for-solar-cell-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Evolutionary Prediction of the Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of Chandipura vesiculovirus and Related Viral Species </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maneesh%20Kumar">Maneesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roshan%20Kamal%20Topno"> Roshan Kamal Topno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manas%20Ranjan%20Dikhit"> Manas Ranjan Dikhit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahab%20Ali"> Vahab Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20Chandra%20Sahoo"> Ganesh Chandra Sahoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhawana"> Bhawana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Major%20Madhukar"> Major Madhukar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rishikesh%20Kumar"> Rishikesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishna%20Pandey"> Krishna Pandey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradeep%20Das"> Pradeep Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chandipura vesiculovirus is an emerging (-) ssRNA viral entity belonging to the genus Vesiculovirus of the family Rhabdoviridae, associated with fatal encephalitis in tropical regions. The multi-functionally active viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (vRdRp) that has been incorporated with conserved amino acid residues in the pathogens, assigned to synthesize distinct viral polypeptides. The lack of proofreading ability of the vRdRp produces many mutated variants. Here, we have performed the evolutionary analysis of 20 viral protein sequences of vRdRp of different strains of Chandipura vesiculovirus along with other viral species from genus Vesiculovirus inferred in MEGA6.06, employing the Neighbour-Joining method. The p-distance algorithmic method has been used to calculate the optimum tree which showed the sum of branch length of about 1.436. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa are clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates), is shown next to the branches. No mutation was observed in the Indian strains of Chandipura vesiculovirus. In vRdRp, 1230(His) and 1231(Arg) are actively participated in catalysis and, are found conserved in different strains of Chandipura vesiculovirus. Both amino acid residues were also conserved in the other viral species from genus Vesiculovirus. Many isolates exhibited maximum number of mutations in catalytic regions in strains of Chandipura vesiculovirus at position 26(Ser→Ala), 47 (Ser→Ala), 90(Ser→Tyr), 172(Gly→Ile, Val), 172(Ser→Tyr), 387(Asn→Ser), 1301(Thr→Ala), 1330(Ala→Glu), 2015(Phe→Ser) and 2065(Thr→Val) which make them variants under different tropical conditions from where they evolved. The result clarifies the actual concept of RNA evolution using vRdRp to develop as an evolutionary marker. Although, a limited number of vRdRp protein sequence similarities for Chandipura vesiculovirus and other species. This might endow with possibilities to identify the virulence level during viral multiplication in a host. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandipura" title="Chandipura">Chandipura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%28-%29%20ssRNA" title=" (-) ssRNA"> (-) ssRNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viral%20RNA-dependent%20RNA%20polymerase" title=" viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase"> viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neighbour-joining%20method" title=" neighbour-joining method"> neighbour-joining method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=p-distance%20algorithmic" title=" p-distance algorithmic"> p-distance algorithmic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolutionary%20marker" title=" evolutionary marker"> evolutionary marker</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99638/evolutionary-prediction-of-the-viral-rna-dependent-rna-polymerase-of-chandipura-vesiculovirus-and-related-viral-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Demystifying Board Games for Teachers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shilpa%20Sharma">Shilpa Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakshmi%20Ganesh"> Lakshmi Ganesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mantra%20Gurumurthy"> Mantra Gurumurthy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shweta%20Sharma"> Shweta Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Board games provide affordances of 21st-century skills like collaboration, critical thinking, and strategy. Board games such as chess, Catan, Battleship, Scrabble, and Taboo can enhance learning in these areas. While board games are popular in informal child settings, their use in formal K-12 education is limited. To encourage teachers to incorporate board games, it's essential to grasp their perceptions and tailor professional development programs accordingly. This paper aims to explore teacher attitudes toward board games and propose interventions to motivate teachers to integrate and create board games in the classroom. A user study was conceived, designed, and administered with teachers (n=38) to understand their experience in playing board games and using board games in the classroom. Purposive sampling was employed as the questionnaire was floated to teacher groups that the authors were aware of. The teachers taught in K-12 affordable private schools. The majority of them had experience ranging from 2-5 years. The questionnaire consisted of questions on teacher perceptions and beliefs of board game usage in the classroom. From the responses, it was observed that ~90% of teachers, though they had experience of playing board games, rarely did it translate to using board games in the classroom. Additionally, it was observed that translating learning objectives to board game objectives is the key factor that teachers consider while using board games in the classroom. Based on the results from the questionnaire, a professional development workshop was co-designed with the objective of motivating teachers to design, create and use board games in the classroom. The workshop is based on the principles of gamification. This is to ensure that the teachers experience a board game in a learning context. Additionally, the workshop is based on the principles of andragogy, such as agency, pertinence, and relevance. The workshop will begin by modifying and reusing known board games in the learning context so that the teachers do not find it difficult and daunting. The intention is to verify the face validity and content validity of the workshop design, orchestration and content with experienced teacher development professionals and education researchers. The results from this study will be published in the full paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=board%20games" title="board games">board games</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20development" title=" professional development"> professional development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20motivation" title=" teacher motivation"> teacher motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20perception" title=" teacher perception"> teacher perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174791/demystifying-board-games-for-teachers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174791.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Investigation of Existing Guidelines for Four-Legged Angular Telecommunication Tower</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sankara%20Ganesh%20Dhoopam">Sankara Ganesh Dhoopam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phaneendra%20Aduri"> Phaneendra Aduri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lattice towers are light weight structures which are primarily governed by the effects of wind loading. Ensuring a precise assessment of wind loads on the tower structure, antennas, and associated equipment is vital for the safety and efficiency of tower design. Earlier, the Indian standards are not available for design of telecom towers. Instead, the industry conventionally relied on the general building wind loading standard for calculating loads on tower components and the transmission line tower design standard for designing the angular members of the towers. Subsequently, the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) revised these standards and angular member design standard. While the transmission line towers are designed using the above standard, a full-scale model test will be done to prove the design. Telecom angular towers are also designed using the same with overload factor/factor of safety without full scale tower model testing. General construction in steel design code is available with limit state design approach and is applicable to the design of general structures involving angles and tubes but not used for angle member design of towers. Recently, in response to the evolving industry needs, the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) introduced a new standard titled “Isolated Towers, Masts, and Poles using structural steel -Code of practice” for the design of telecom towers. This study focuses on a 40m four legged angular tower to compare loading calculations and member designs between old and new standards. Additionally, a comparative analysis aligning with the new code provisions with international loading and design standards with a specific focus on American standards has been carried out. This paper elaborates code-based provisions used for load and member design calculations, including the influence of "ka" area averaging factor introduced in new wind load case. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecom" title="telecom">telecom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angular%20tower" title=" angular tower"> angular tower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLS%20tower" title=" PLS tower"> PLS tower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM%20antenna" title=" GSM antenna"> GSM antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20antenna" title=" microwave antenna"> microwave antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IS%20875%28Part-3%29%3A2015" title=" IS 875(Part-3):2015"> IS 875(Part-3):2015</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IS%20802%28Part-1%2Fsec-2%29%3A2016" title=" IS 802(Part-1/sec-2):2016"> IS 802(Part-1/sec-2):2016</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IS%20800%3A2007" title=" IS 800:2007"> IS 800:2007</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IS%2017740%3A2022" title=" IS 17740:2022"> IS 17740:2022</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANSI%2FTIA-222G" title=" ANSI/TIA-222G"> ANSI/TIA-222G</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANSI%2FTIA-222H." title=" ANSI/TIA-222H."> ANSI/TIA-222H.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177863/investigation-of-existing-guidelines-for-four-legged-angular-telecommunication-tower" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Silver-Curcumin Nanoparticle Eradicate Enterococcus faecalis in Human ex vivo Dentine Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Gowri">M. Gowri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20K.%20Girija"> E. K. Girija</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Ganesh"> V. Ganesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Significance: Among the dental infections, inflammation and infection of the root canal are common among all age groups. Currently, the management of root canal infections involves cleaning the canal with powerful irrigants followed by intracanal medicament application. Though these treatments have been in vogue for a long time, root canal failures do occur. Treatment for root canal infections is limited due to the anatomical complexity in terms of small micrometer volumes and poor penetration of drugs. Thus, infections of the root canal seem to be a challenge that demands development of new agents that can eradicate E. faecalis. Methodology: In the present study, we synthesized and screened silver-curcumin nanoparticle against E. faecalis. Morphological cell damage and antibiofilm activity of silver-curcumin nanoparticle on E. faecalis was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Biochemical evidence for membrane damage was studied using flow cytometry. Further, the antifungal activity of silver-curcumin nanoparticle was evaluated in an ex vivo dentinal tubule infection model. Results: Screening data showed that silver-curcumin nanoparticle was active against E. faecalis. silver-curcumin nanoparticle exerted time kill effect. Further, SEM images of E. faecalis showed that silver-curcumin nanoparticle caused membrane damage and inhibited biofilm formation. Biochemical evidence for membrane damage was confirmed by increased propidium iodide (PI) uptake in flow cytometry. Further, the antifungal activity of silver-curcumin nanoparticle was evaluated in an ex vivo dentinal tubule infection model, which mimics human tooth root canal infection. Confocal laser scanning microscopy studies showed eradication of E. faecalis and reduction in colony forming unit (CFU) after 24 h treatment in the infected tooth samples in this model. Further, silver-curcumin nanoparticle was found to be hemocompatible, not cytotoxic to normal mammalian NIH 3T3 cells and non-mutagenic. Conclusion: The results of this study can pave the way for developing new antibacterial agents with well deciphered mechanisms of action and can be a promising antibacterial agent or medicament against root canal infection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ex%20vivo%20dentine%20model" title="ex vivo dentine model">ex vivo dentine model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibition%20of%20biofilm%20formation" title=" inhibition of biofilm formation"> inhibition of biofilm formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20canal%20infection" title=" root canal infection"> root canal infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver-curcumin%20nanoparticle" title=" silver-curcumin nanoparticle"> silver-curcumin nanoparticle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73621/silver-curcumin-nanoparticle-eradicate-enterococcus-faecalis-in-human-ex-vivo-dentine-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Stomach Specific Delivery of Andrographolide from Floating in Situ Gelling System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pravina%20Gurjar">Pravina Gurjar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bothiraja%20Pour"> Bothiraja Pour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijay%20Kumbhar"> Vijay Kumbhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20Dama"> Ganesh Dama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Andrographolide (AG), a bioactive phytoconstituent, has a wider range of pharmacological action. However, due to the intestinal degradation, shows low oral bioavailability. The aim of the present work was to develop Floating In-situ gelling Gastro retentive System (FISGS) for AG in order to enhance its site specific absorption and minimize pH dependent hydrolysis in alkaline environment. Further to increase its therapeutic efficacy for peptic ulcer disease caused by H. pyroli. Gellan based floating in situ gelling system of AG were prepared by using sodium citrate and calcium carbonate. The 32 factorial designs was used to study the effect of gellan and calcium carbonate concentration (independent variables) on dependent variable such as viscosity, floating lag time and drug release. Developed system was evaluated for drug content, floating lag time, viscosity, and drug release studies. Drug content, viscosity, and floating lag time was found to be 81-99%, 67-117 Cps, and 3-5 sec, respectively. The obtained system showed good in vitro floating ability for more than 12 h using 0.1 N HCl as dissolution medium with initial burst release followed by the controlled zero order drug release up to 24 hrs. In vivo testing of FISGS of AG to rats demonstrated significant antiulcer activity that were evaluated by various parameters like pH, volume, total acidity, millimole equivalent of H+ ions/30 min, and protein content of gastric content. The densities of all the formulation batches were found to be near about 0.9 and floating duration above 12 hr. It was observed that with the increase in conc. of gellan there was increase in the viscosity of formulation but all formulations were in optimum range. The drug content of optimized batch was found to be 99.23. In histopathology study of stomach, the villi at the mucosal surface, the intercellular junction, the intestinal lumen were intact; no destruction of the epithelium, and submucosal gland in formulation treated and control group animals as compared to pure drug AG and standard ranitidine. Gellan-based in situ gastro retentive floating system could be advantageous in terms of increased bioavailability of AG to maintain an effective drug conc. in gastric fluid as well as in serum for longer period of time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=andrographolide" title="andrographolide">andrographolide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating%20drug%20delivery" title=" floating drug delivery"> floating drug delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20situ%20gelling%20system" title=" in situ gelling system"> in situ gelling system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastroretentive%20system" title=" gastroretentive system"> gastroretentive system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4099/stomach-specific-delivery-of-andrographolide-from-floating-in-situ-gelling-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Combination of Silver-Curcumin Nanoparticle for the Treatment of Root Canal Infection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Gowri">M. Gowri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20K.%20Girija"> E. K. Girija</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Ganesh"> V. Ganesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Significance: Among the dental infections, inflammation and infection of the root canal are common among all age groups. Currently, the management of root canal infections involves cleaning the canal with powerful irrigants followed by intracanal medicament application. Though these treatments have been in vogue for a long time, root canal failures do occur. Treatment for root canal infections is limited due to the anatomical complexity in terms of small micrometer volumes and poor penetration of drugs. Thus, infections of the root canal seem to be a challenge that demands development of new agents that can eradicate C. albicans. Methodology: In the present study, we synthesized and screened silver-curcumin nanoparticle against Candida albicans. Detailed molecular studies were carried out with silver-curcumin nanoparticle on C. albicans pathogenicity. Morphological cell damage and antibiofilm activity of silver-curcumin nanoparticle on C. albicans was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Biochemical evidence for membrane damage was studied using flow cytometry. Further, the antifungal activity of silver-curcumin nanoparticle was evaluated in an ex vivo dentinal tubule infection model. Results: Screening data showed that silver-curcumin nanoparticle was active against C. albicans. Silver-curcumin nanoparticle exerted time kill effect and post antifungal effect. When used in combination with fluconazole or nystatin, silver-curcumin nanoparticle revealed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) decrease for both drugs used. In-depth molecular studies with silver-curcumin nanoparticle on C. albicans showed that silver-curcumin nanoparticle inhibited yeast to hyphae (Y-H) conversion. Further, SEM images of C. albicans showed that silver-curcumin nanoparticle caused membrane damage and inhibited biofilm formation. Biochemical evidence for membrane damage was confirmed by increased propidium iodide (PI) uptake in flow cytometry. Further, the antifungal activity of silver-curcumin nanoparticle was evaluated in an ex vivo dentinal tubule infection model, which mimics human tooth root canal infection. Confocal laser scanning microscopy studies showed eradication of C. albicans and reduction in colony forming unit (CFU) after 24 h treatment in the infected tooth samples in this model. Conclusion: The results of this study can pave the way for developing new antifungal agents with well deciphered mechanisms of action and can be a promising antifungal agent or medicament against root canal infection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20albicans" title="C. albicans">C. albicans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ex%20vivo%20dentine%20model" title=" ex vivo dentine model"> ex vivo dentine model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibition%20of%20biofilm%20formation" title=" inhibition of biofilm formation"> inhibition of biofilm formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20canal%20infection" title=" root canal infection"> root canal infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yeast%20to%20hyphae%20conversion%20inhibition" title=" yeast to hyphae conversion inhibition"> yeast to hyphae conversion inhibition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73620/combination-of-silver-curcumin-nanoparticle-for-the-treatment-of-root-canal-infection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Comparison of Equivalent Linear and Non-Linear Site Response Model Performance in Kathmandu Valley</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajana%20Suwal">Sajana Suwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20R.%20Nhemafuki"> Ganesh R. Nhemafuki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Evaluation of ground response under earthquake shaking is crucial in geotechnical earthquake engineering. Damage due to seismic excitation is mainly correlated to local geological and geotechnical conditions. It is evident from the past earthquakes (e.g. 1906 San Francisco, USA, 1923 Kanto, Japan) that the local geology has strong influence on amplitude and duration of ground motions. Since then significant studies has been conducted on ground motion amplification revealing the importance of influence of local geology on ground. Observations from the damaging earthquakes (e.g. Nigata and San Francisco, 1964; Irpinia, 1980; Mexico, 1985; Kobe, 1995; L’Aquila, 2009) divulged that non-uniform damage pattern, particularly in soft fluvio-lacustrine deposit is due to the local amplification of seismic ground motion. Non-uniform damage patterns are also observed in Kathmandu Valley during 1934 Bihar Nepal earthquake and recent 2015 Gorkha earthquake seemingly due to the modification of earthquake ground motion parameters. In this study, site effects resulting from amplification of soft soil in Kathmandu are presented. A large amount of subsoil data was collected and used for defining the appropriate subsoil model for the Kathamandu valley. A comparative study of one-dimensional total-stress equivalent linear and non-linear site response is performed using four strong ground motions for six sites of Kathmandu valley. In general, one-dimensional (1D) site-response analysis involves the excitation of a soil profile using the horizontal component and calculating the response at individual soil layers. In the present study, both equivalent linear and non-linear site response analyses were conducted using the computer program DEEPSOIL. The results show that there is no significant deviation between equivalent linear and non-linear site response models until the maximum strain reaches to 0.06-0.1%. Overall, it is clearly observed from the results that non-linear site response model perform better as compared to equivalent linear model. However, the significant deviation between two models is resulted from other influencing factors such as assumptions made in 1D site response, lack of accurate values of shear wave velocity and nonlinear properties of the soil deposit. The results are also presented in terms of amplification factors which are predicted to be around four times more in case of non-linear analysis as compared to equivalent linear analysis. Hence, the nonlinear behavior of soil prevails the urgent need of study of dynamic characteristics of the soft soil deposit that can specifically represent the site-specific design spectra for the Kathmandu valley for building resilient structures from future damaging earthquakes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20soil" title="deep soil">deep soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20linear%20analysis" title=" equivalent linear analysis"> equivalent linear analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20analysis" title=" non-linear analysis"> non-linear analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=site%20response" title=" site response"> site response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71531/comparison-of-equivalent-linear-and-non-linear-site-response-model-performance-in-kathmandu-valley" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Transforming Ganges to be a Living River through Waste Water Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20M.%20Natarajan">P. M. Natarajan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shambhu%20Kallolikar"> Shambhu Kallolikar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ganesh"> S. Ganesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By size and volume of water, Ganges River basin is the biggest among the fourteen major river basins in India. By Hindu’s faith, it is the main <em>‘holy river’</em> in this nation. But, of late, the pollution load, both domestic and industrial sources are deteriorating the surface and groundwater as well as land resources and hence the environment of the Ganges River basin is under threat. Seeing this scenario, the Indian government began to reclaim this river by two Ganges Action Plans I and II since 1986 by spending Rs. 2,747.52 crores ($457.92 million). But the result was no improvement in the water quality of the river and groundwater and environment even after almost three decades of reclamation, and hence now the New Indian Government is taking extra care to rejuvenate this river and allotted Rs. 2,037 cores ($339.50 million) in 2014 and Rs. 20,000 crores ($3,333.33 million) in 2015. The reasons for the poor water quality and stinking environment even after three decades of reclamation of the river are either no treatment/partial treatment of the sewage. Hence, now the authors are suggesting a tertiary level treatment standard of sewages of all sources and origins of the Ganges River basin and recycling the entire treated water for nondomestic uses. At 20million litres per day (MLD) capacity of each sewage treatment plant (STP), this basin needs about 2020 plants to treat the entire sewage load. Cost of the STPs is Rs. 3,43,400 million ($5,723.33 million) and the annual maintenance cost is Rs. 15,352 million ($255.87 million). The advantages of the proposed exercise are: we can produce a volume of 1,769.52 million m<sup>3</sup> of biogas. Since biogas is energy, can be used as a fuel, for any heating purpose, such as cooking. It can also be used in a gas engine to convert the energy in the gas into electricity and heat. It is possible to generate about 3,539.04 million kilowatt electricity per annum from the biogas generated in the process of wastewater treatment in Ganges basin. The income generation from electricity works out to Rs 10,617.12million ($176.95million). This power can be used to bridge the supply and demand gap of energy in the power hungry villages where 300million people are without electricity in India even today, and to run these STPs as well. The 664.18 million tonnes of sludge generated by the treatment plants per annum can be used in agriculture as manure with suitable amendments. By arresting the pollution load the 187.42 cubic kilometer (km<sup>3</sup>) of groundwater potential of the Ganges River basin could be protected from deterioration. Since we can recycle the sewage for non-domestic purposes, about 14.75km<sup>3</sup> of fresh water per annum can be conserved for future use. The total value of the water saving per annum is Rs.22,11,916million ($36,865.27million) and each citizen of Ganges River basin can save Rs. 4,423.83/ ($73.73) per annum and Rs. 12.12 ($0.202) per day by recycling the treated water for nondomestic uses. Further the environment of this basin could be kept clean by arresting the foul smell as well as the 3% of greenhouse gages emission from the stinking waterways and land. These are the ways to reclaim the waterways of Ganges River basin from deterioration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Holy%20Ganges%20River" title="Holy Ganges River">Holy Ganges River</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifeline%20of%20India" title=" lifeline of India"> lifeline of India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20treatment%20and%20management" title=" wastewater treatment and management"> wastewater treatment and management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=making%20Ganges%20permanently%20holy" title=" making Ganges permanently holy"> making Ganges permanently holy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36416/transforming-ganges-to-be-a-living-river-through-waste-water-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Structural Characterization and Hot Deformation Behaviour of Al3Ni2/Al3Ni in-situ Core-shell intermetallic in Al-4Cu-Ni Composite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20V.">Ganesh V.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asit%20Kumar%20Khanra"> Asit Kumar Khanra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An in-situ powder metallurgy technique was employed to create Ni-Al3Ni/Al3Ni2 core-shell-shaped aluminum-based intermetallic reinforced composites. The impact of Ni addition on the phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical characteristics of the Al-4Cu-xNi (x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 wt.%) in relation to various sintering temperatures was investigated. Microstructure evolution was extensively examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Initially, under sintering conditions, the formation of "Single Core-Shell" structures was observed, consisting of Ni as the core with Al3Ni2 intermetallic, whereas samples sintered at 620°C exhibited both "Single Core-Shell" and "Double Core-Shell" structures containing Al3Ni2 and Al3Ni intermetallics formed between the Al matrix and Ni reinforcements. The composite achieved a high compressive yield strength of 198.13 MPa and ultimate strength of 410.68 MPa, with 24% total elongation for the sample containing 10 wt.% Ni. Additionally, there was a substantial increase in hardness, reaching 124.21 HV, which is 2.4 times higher than that of the base aluminum. Nanoindentation studies showed hardness values of 1.54, 4.65, 21.01, 13.16, 5.52, 6.27, and 8.39GPa corresponding to α-Al matrix, Ni, Al3Ni2, Ni and Al3Ni2 interface, Al3Ni, and their respective interfaces. Even at 200°C, it retained 54% of its room temperature strength (90.51 MPa). To investigate the deformation behavior of the composite material, experiments were conducted at deformation temperatures ranging from 300°C to 500°C, with strain rates varying from 0.0001s-1 to 0.1s-1. A sine-hyperbolic constitutive equation was developed to characterize the flow stress of the composite, which exhibited a significantly higher hot deformation activation energy of 231.44 kJ/mol compared to the self-diffusion of pure aluminum. The formation of Al2Cu intermetallics at grain boundaries and Al3Ni2/Al3Ni within the matrix hindered dislocation movement, leading to an increase in activation energy, which might have an adverse effect on high-temperature applications. Two models, the Strain-compensated Arrhenius model and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, were developed to predict the composite's flow behavior. The ANN model outperformed the Strain-compensated Arrhenius model with a lower average absolute relative error of 2.266%, a smaller root means square error of 1.2488 MPa, and a higher correlation coefficient of 0.9997. Processing maps revealed that the optimal hot working conditions for the composite were in the temperature range of 420-500°C and strain rates between 0.0001s-1 and 0.001s-1. The changes in the composite microstructure were successfully correlated with the theory of processing maps, considering temperature and strain rate conditions. The uneven distribution in the shape and size of Core-shell/Al3Ni intermetallic compounds influenced the flow stress curves, leading to Dynamic Recrystallization (DRX), followed by partial Dynamic Recovery (DRV), and ultimately strain hardening. This composite material shows promise for applications in the automobile and aerospace industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core-shell%20structure" title="core-shell structure">core-shell structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20deformation" title=" hot deformation"> hot deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallic%20compounds" title=" intermetallic compounds"> intermetallic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20metallurgy" title=" powder metallurgy"> powder metallurgy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192684/structural-characterization-and-hot-deformation-behaviour-of-al3ni2al3ni-in-situ-core-shell-intermetallic-in-al-4cu-ni-composite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192684.pdf" 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