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href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Heiberg" title="Axel Heiberg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Axel Heiberg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Heiberg" title="Axel Heiberg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Axel Heiberg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%AC_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Աքսել Հայբերգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աքսել Հայբերգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Axel_Heiberg_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Axel Heiberg (disambiguation)">Axel Heiberg (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Axel Heiberg</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Axel_Heiberg_-_ca._1910%E2%80%931920_-_Ludvig_Forbech_-_Oslo_Museum_-_OB.F05959b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black-and-white portrait photograph of Heiberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Axel_Heiberg_-_ca._1910%E2%80%931920_-_Ludvig_Forbech_-_Oslo_Museum_-_OB.F05959b.jpg/220px-Axel_Heiberg_-_ca._1910%E2%80%931920_-_Ludvig_Forbech_-_Oslo_Museum_-_OB.F05959b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Axel_Heiberg_-_ca._1910%E2%80%931920_-_Ludvig_Forbech_-_Oslo_Museum_-_OB.F05959b.jpg/330px-Axel_Heiberg_-_ca._1910%E2%80%931920_-_Ludvig_Forbech_-_Oslo_Museum_-_OB.F05959b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Axel_Heiberg_-_ca._1910%E2%80%931920_-_Ludvig_Forbech_-_Oslo_Museum_-_OB.F05959b.jpg/440px-Axel_Heiberg_-_ca._1910%E2%80%931920_-_Ludvig_Forbech_-_Oslo_Museum_-_OB.F05959b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="902" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Heiberg in the 1910s</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1848-03-16</span>)</span>16 March 1848<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Kristiania" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristiania">Kristiania</a>, Norway</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">4 September 1932<span style="display:none">(1932-09-04)</span> (aged 84)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Norwegian</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Axel Heiberg</b> (16 March 1848 – 4 September 1932) was a Norwegian diplomat and financier as well as a patron of the arts and sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Heiberg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Heiberg was born in <a href="/wiki/Kristiania" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristiania">Kristiania</a> (now Oslo), Norway. He was the son of Johan Fritzner Heiberg (1805–1883) and Emma Wilhelmine Munch (1818–1888). His father was a professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University of Kristiania</a> and general surgeon in the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Army" title="Norwegian Army">Norwegian Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nbl_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Heiberg studied abroad and was for a period Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Consul_(representative)" title="Consul (representative)">consul</a> in <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">China</a>. He returned to Norway where in 1876 together with the brothers <a href="/wiki/Amund_Ringnes_(brewery_owner,_1840)" title="Amund Ringnes (brewery owner, 1840)">Amund Ringnes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ellef_Ringnes" title="Ellef Ringnes">Ellef Ringnes</a> he financed the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Ringnes" title="Ringnes">Ringnes</a> brewery. Together with shipping magnate <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fearnley_(shipping_magnate,_born_1841)" title="Thomas Fearnley (shipping magnate, born 1841)">Thomas Fearnley</a>, the brewery sponsored the polar expeditions of <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Otto_Sverdrup" title="Otto Sverdrup">Otto Sverdrup</a>, and funded the construction of the exploration vessel <i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i>. This led to Heiberg's name being given to <a href="/wiki/Axel_Heiberg_Island" title="Axel Heiberg Island">Axel Heiberg Island</a> in Canada, the <a href="/wiki/Axel_Heiberg_Glacier" title="Axel Heiberg Glacier">Axel Heiberg Glacier</a> in <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Heiberg_Islands" title="Heiberg Islands">Heiberg Islands</a> in <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1878 Heiberg was one of the founders of the rowing club <a href="/wiki/Christiania_RK" title="Christiania RK">Christiania RK</a>. Later he founded the "Consul Axel Heiberg and Manufacturer Hans B. Fasmer Fund" (in 1915 transferred to the Fridtjof Nansen Fund). In 1898 he was one of the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Forestry_Society" title="Norwegian Forestry Society">Norwegian Forestry Society</a>, and was chairman until 1923. He also funded the statues of <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson" title="Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson">Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson</a> located outside the <a href="/wiki/Nationaltheatret" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationaltheatret">National Theater</a> in Oslo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Heiberg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was married to Ragnhild Meyer (1849–1937), daughter of landowner, businessman and philanthropist, <a href="/wiki/Thorvald_Meyer" title="Thorvald Meyer">Thorvald Meyer</a> (1818–1909). They had one child, Ingeborg Heiberg (1884–1974), who married businessman and landowner, <a href="/wiki/N._O._Young_Fearnley" title="N. O. Young Fearnley">N. O. Young Fearnley</a> (1881–1961).<sup id="cite_ref-nbl_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Heiberg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKnut_Dørum2014" class="citation web cs1">Knut Dørum (30 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/Axel_Heiberg">"Axel Heiberg"</a>. Store norske leksikon<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Axel+Heiberg&rft.pub=Store+norske+leksikon&rft.date=2014-06-30&rft.au=Knut+D%C3%B8rum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsnl.no%2FAxel_Heiberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Heiberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbl-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nbl_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbl_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusan_Barr2014" class="citation web cs1">Susan Barr (28 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nbl.snl.no/Axel_Heiberg">"Axel Heiberg"</a>. Norsk biografisk leksikon<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Axel+Heiberg&rft.pub=Norsk+biografisk+leksikon&rft.date=2014-09-28&rft.au=Susan+Barr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnbl.snl.no%2FAxel_Heiberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Heiberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www4.rncan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique/OABKA">"Axel Heiberg Island"</a>. Natural Resources Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Axel+Heiberg+Island&rft.pub=Natural+Resources+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww4.rncan.gc.ca%2Fsearch-place-names%2Funique%2FOABKA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Heiberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbert1962" class="citation journal cs1">Herbert, W. W. (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00288306.1962.10417631">"The Axel Heiberg Glacier"</a>. <i>New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics</i>. <b>5</b> (5): 681–706. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00288306.1962.10417631">10.1080/00288306.1962.10417631</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Journal+of+Geology+and+Geophysics&rft.atitle=The+Axel+Heiberg+Glacier&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=681-706&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00288306.1962.10417631&rft.aulast=Herbert&rft.aufirst=W.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F00288306.1962.10417631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Heiberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latitude.to/articles-by-country/ru/russian-federation/249722/heiberg-islands">"Heiberg Islands"</a>. latitude.to<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heiberg+Islands&rft.pub=latitude.to&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatitude.to%2Farticles-by-country%2Fru%2Frussian-federation%2F249722%2Fheiberg-islands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Heiberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lokalhistoriewiki.no/wiki/Thorvald_Meyer">"Thorvald Meyer"</a>. lokalhistoriewiki<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thorvald+Meyer&rft.pub=lokalhistoriewiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flokalhistoriewiki.no%2Fwiki%2FThorvald_Meyer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAxel+Heiberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Heiberg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waldemar_Christofer_Br%C3%B8gger_(geologist)" title="Waldemar Christofer Brøgger (geologist)">Waldemar Christofer Brøgger</a> (1932), "Axel Heiberg in memoriam", <i>Nordisk Tidskrift för Vetenskap, Konst och Industri</i>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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