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management</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: moisture management"> <meta name="keywords" content="moisture management"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="moisture management"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 10427</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: moisture management</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10277</span> Sudan’s Approach to Knowledge Management in Disaster Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Abdalla%20Elamein%20Boshara">Mohamed Abdalla Elamein Boshara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Charles%20Woods"> Peter Charles Woods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nour%20Eldin%20Mohamed%20Elshaiekh"> Nour Eldin Mohamed Elshaiekh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knowledge Management has become very important for Disaster Management response and planning. This paper proposes the implementation of a Knowledge Management System with a sustainable data collection mechanism for reliable and timely information management to support decision makers in making the right decisions in the timely manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20management" title="knowledge management">knowledge management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaster%20management" title=" disaster management"> disaster management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incident%20tracking" title=" incident tracking"> incident tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20application" title=" web application"> web application</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18077/sudans-approach-to-knowledge-management-in-disaster-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">780</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10276</span> Effect of Burdock Root Extract Concentration on Physiochemical Property of Coated Jasmine Rice by Using Top-Spay Fluidized Bed Coating Technique </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donludee%20Jaisut">Donludee Jaisut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norihisa%20Kato"> Norihisa Kato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thanutchaporn%20Kumrungsee"> Thanutchaporn Kumrungsee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiyoshi%20Kawai"> Kiyoshi Kawai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somkiat%20Prachayawarakorn"> Somkiat Prachayawarakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patchalee%20Tungtrakul"> Patchalee Tungtrakul </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Jasmine Rice is a principle food of Thai people. However, glycemic index of jasmine rice is in high level, risk of type II diabetes after consuming. Burdock root is a good source of non-starch polysaccharides such as inulin. Inulin acts as prebiotic and helps reduce blood-sugar level. The purpose of this research was to reduce digestion rate of jasmine rice by coating burdock root extract on rice surface, using top-spay fluidized bed coating technique. Coating experiments were performed by spraying burdock root solution onto Jasmine rice kernels (Khao Dawk Mali-105; KDML), which had an initial moisture content of 11.6% wet basis, suspended in the fluidized bed. The experimental conditions were: solution spray rates of 31.7 mL/min, atomization pressure of 1.5 bar, spray time of 10 min, time of drying after spraying of 30 s, superficial air velocity of 3.2 m/s and drying temperatures of 60°C. The coated rice quality was evaluated in terms of the moisture content, texture, whiteness and digestion rate. The results showed that initial and final moisture contents of samples were the same in concentration 8% (v/v) and 10% (v/v). The texture was insignificantly changed from that of uncoated sample. The whiteness values were varied on concentration of burdock root extract. Coated samples were slower digested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=burdock%20root" title="burdock root">burdock root</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digestion" title=" digestion"> digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying" title=" drying"> drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title=" rice"> rice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60231/effect-of-burdock-root-extract-concentration-on-physiochemical-property-of-coated-jasmine-rice-by-using-top-spay-fluidized-bed-coating-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60231.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10275</span> The Investigation of Cracking on the Shell of Dryers (tag No. 2DR-1745 and DR-1402) in Shahid Tondguyan Petrochemical Company (STPC)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Haghiri">Ali Haghiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research has been to investigate the cause of the stress corrosion cracking on dryer equipment (2DR-1745 and DR-1402) in Shahid Tondguyan Petrochemical Company (STPC). These dryers are as a drying powder Terphetalic acid in CTA2 and CTA1 unit. After passing through RVF equipment, wet cake moisture content of about 14% and temperature of 90C changed into a dry cake with a moisture content of less than 0.1% and the final temperature of about 140C and sent out Final Silo (FS-1820). After the declaration of the operation department concerning the observation of acid leakage under the primary insulation was decided that at the first opportunity, this issue must be investigated. So, after the shutdown of a unit at the date 2012/10/20 (2DR-1745) and 2021/11/24 (DR-1402) and after washing the dryer wall, insulation around the wall opened and it was found to crack and leakage from some points. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20corrosion%20cracking" title="stress corrosion cracking">stress corrosion cracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20stress" title=" residual stress"> residual stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=austenitic%20stainless%20steel" title=" austenitic stainless steel"> austenitic stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Br-%20ion" title=" Br- ion"> Br- ion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145289/the-investigation-of-cracking-on-the-shell-of-dryers-tag-no-2dr-1745-and-dr-1402-in-shahid-tondguyan-petrochemical-company-stpc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10274</span> Polycaprolactone/Thermally Exfoliated Graphene Oxide Biocomposite Films: A Promising Moisture Absorption Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neetu%20Malik">Neetu Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharad%20Shrivastava"> Sharad Shrivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subrata%20Bandhu%20Ghosh"> Subrata Bandhu Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biocomposite materials were fabricated using mixing biodegradable polymer polycaprolactone (PCL) and Thermally Exfoliated Graphene Oxide (TEGO) through solution casting. Various samples of biocomposite films were prepared by varying the TEGO wt% composition by 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%. Thereafter, the density and water absorption of the composites were investigated with respect to immersion time in water. The moisture absorption results show that with an increase in weight percentage (from 0.1 to wt 1.5%) of TEGO within the biopolymer films, the absorption value of bio-nanocomposite films reduced rapidly from 27.4% to 14.3%. The density of hybrid composites also increased with increase in weight percentage of TEGO. These results indicate that the optimized composition of constituents in composite membrane could effectively reduce the anhydrous conditions of bio-composite film. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermally%20exfoliated%20graphene%20oxide" title="thermally exfoliated graphene oxide">thermally exfoliated graphene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCL" title=" PCL"> PCL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20absorption" title=" water absorption"> water absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density" title=" density"> density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82518/polycaprolactonethermally-exfoliated-graphene-oxide-biocomposite-films-a-promising-moisture-absorption-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10273</span> The Effects of Modern Materials on the Moisture Resistance Performance of Architectural Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leyli%20Hashemi%20Rafsanjani">Leyli Hashemi Rafsanjani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoda%20Mortazavi%20Alavi"> Hoda Mortazavi Alavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirhossein%20Habibzadeh"> Amirhossein Habibzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At present, the atmospheric and environmental factors impose massive damages to buildings. Thus, to reduce these damages, researchers pay more attention on qualitative and quantitative characteristic of buildings materials. Condensation is one of the problems in Contemporary Sustecture Design. It could cause serious damages to the frontage, interior and structural elements of buildings. As a result, taking preventative steps to avoid condensation from occurring in buildings will help prevent avoidable and costly problems in the future. Hence, the aim of this paper is to answer the question: “Does the use of advanced materials cause the reduction of condensation formed on the walls?" In response to those flaws, this paper considered similar articles and selected 20 buildings randomly from contemporary architecture of developing countries which have been built in recent decade from 2002 to 2012, to find out the mutual relation between the usage of advanced materials and level of condensation damages. This consideration shows that by using advanced materials, we will have fewer damages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condensation" title="condensation">condensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20materials" title=" advanced materials"> advanced materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contemporary%20sustecture" title=" contemporary sustecture"> contemporary sustecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture" title=" moisture"> moisture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53472/the-effects-of-modern-materials-on-the-moisture-resistance-performance-of-architectural-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10272</span> The Optimisation of Salt Impregnated Matrices as Potential Thermochemical Storage Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20J.%20Sutton">Robert J. Sutton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jon%20Elvins"> Jon Elvins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sean%20Casey"> Sean Casey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eifion%20Jewell"> Eifion Jewell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Justin%20R.%20Searle"> Justin R. Searle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermochemical storage utilises chemical salts which store and release energy a fully reversible endo/exothermic chemical reaction. Highly porous vermiculite impregnated with CaCl2, LiNO3 and MgSO4 (SIMs – Salt In Matrices) are proposed as potential materials for long-term thermochemical storage. The behavior of these materials during typical hydration and dehydration cycles is investigated. A simple moisture experiment represents the hydration, whilst thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) represents the dehydration. Further experiments to approximate the energy density and to determine the peak output temperatures of the SIMs are conducted. The CaCl2 SIM is deemed the best performing SIM across most experiments, whilst the results of MgSO4 SIM indicate difficulty associated with energy recovery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrated%20states" title="hydrated states">hydrated states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inter-seasonal%20heat%20storage" title=" inter-seasonal heat storage"> inter-seasonal heat storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20sorption" title=" moisture sorption"> moisture sorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20in%20matrix" title=" salt in matrix"> salt in matrix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28423/the-optimisation-of-salt-impregnated-matrices-as-potential-thermochemical-storage-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">554</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10271</span> Effects of the Tomato Pomace Oil Extract on Physical and Antioxidant Properties of Gelatin Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Jirukkakul">N. Jirukkakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Sodtipinta"> J. Sodtipinta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tomatoes are widely consumed as fresh and processed products through the manufacturing industry. Therefore, tomato pomace is generated as a by-product accounting for about 5-13% of the whole tomato. Antioxidants still remain in tomato pomace and extraction of tomato oil may useful in edible film production. The edible film solution was prepared by mixing gelatin (2, 4 and 6%) with the distilled water and heating at 40oC for 30 min. Effect of tomato pomace oil was evaluated at 0, 0.5 and 1%. Film solution was poured in plate and dried overnight at 40oC before determining the physical properties, which are tensile strength, moisture content, color, solubility, and swelling power. The results showed that an increase gelatin concentration caused increasing of tensile strength, moisture content, solubility and swelling power. The edible film with tomato pomace oil extract appeared as the rough film with oil droplet dispersion. The addition of tomato pomace oil extract caused an increase in lightness, redness and yellowness, while tensile strength, moisture content, and solubility were decreased. Film with tomato pomace oil extract at 0.5 and 1% exhibited antioxidant properties but those properties were not significantly different (p<0.05) between film incorporated with tomato pomace oil extract 0.5 and 1%. The suitable condition for film production in this study, 4% of gelatin and 0.5% of tomato pomace oil extract, was selected for protecting oxidation of palm oil. At 15 days of the storage period, the palm oil which covered by gelatin film with tomato pomace oil extract had 22.45 milliequivalents/kg of peroxide value (PV), while, the palm oil which covered by polypropylene film and control had 24.79 and 26.67 milliequivalents/kg, respectively. Therefore, incorporation of tomato pomace oil extract in gelatin film was able to protect the oxidation of food products with high fat content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title="antioxidant">antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gelatin%20films" title=" gelatin films"> gelatin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20properties" title=" physical properties"> physical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato%20oil%20extract" title=" tomato oil extract"> tomato oil extract</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54916/effects-of-the-tomato-pomace-oil-extract-on-physical-and-antioxidant-properties-of-gelatin-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10270</span> Quality Analysis of Lake Malawi's Diplotaxodon Fish Species Processed in Solar Tent Dryer versus Open Sun Drying</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Banda">James Banda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jupiter%20Simbeye"> Jupiter Simbeye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Essau%20Chisale"> Essau Chisale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geoffrey%20Kanyerere"> Geoffrey Kanyerere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kings%20Kamtambe"> Kings Kamtambe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Improved solar tent dryers for processing small fish species were designed to reduce post-harvest fish losses and improve supply of quality fish products in the southern part of Lake Malawi under CultiAF project. A comparative analysis of the quality of Diplotaxodon (Ndunduma) from Lake Malawi processed in solar tent dryer and open sun drying was conducted using proximate analysis, microbial analysis and sensory evaluation. Proximates for solar tent dried fish and open sun dried fish in terms of proteins, fats, moisture and ash were 63.3±0.15% and 63.3±0.34%, 19.6±0.09% and 19.9±0.25%, 8.3±0.12% and 17.0±0.01%, and 15.6±0.61% and 21.9±0.91% respectively. Crude protein and crude fat showed non-significant differences (p = 0.05), while moisture and ash content were significantly different (p = 001). Open sun dried fish had significantly higher numbers of viable bacteria counts (5.2×10⁶ CFU) than solar tent dried fish (3.9×10² CFU). Most isolated bacteria from solar tent dried and open sun dried fish were 1.0×10¹ and 7.2×10³ for Total coliform, 0 and 4.5 × 10³ for Escherishia coli, 0 and 7.5 × 10³ for Salmonella, 0 and 5.7×10² for shigella, 4.0×10¹ and 6.1×10³ for Staphylococcus, 1.0×10¹ and 7.0×10² for vibrio. Qualitative evaluation of sensory properties showed higher acceptability of 3.8 for solar tent dried fish than 1.7 for open sun dried fish. It is concluded that promotion of solar tent drying in processing small fish species in Malawi would support small-scale fish processors to produce quality fish in terms of nutritive value, reduced microbial contamination, sensory acceptability and reduced moisture content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diplotaxodon" title="diplotaxodon">diplotaxodon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malawi" title=" Malawi"> Malawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20sun%20drying" title=" open sun drying"> open sun drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20tent%20drying" title=" solar tent drying"> solar tent drying</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53029/quality-analysis-of-lake-malawis-diplotaxodon-fish-species-processed-in-solar-tent-dryer-versus-open-sun-drying" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10269</span> Effect of Strength Class of Concrete and Curing Conditions on Capillary Water Absorption of Self-Compacting and Conventional Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Ebru%20Demirci">E. Ebru Demirci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Remzi%20%C5%9Eahin"> Remzi Şahin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to compare Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) and Conventional Concrete (CC) in terms of their capillary water absorption. During the comparison of SCC and CC, the effects of two different factors were also investigated: concrete strength class and curing condition. In the study, both SCC and CC were produced in three different concrete classes (C25, C50 and C70) and the other parameter (i.e curing condition) was determined as two levels: moisture and air curing. It was observed that, for both curing environments and all strength classes of concrete, SCCs had lower capillary water absorption values than that of CCs. It was also detected that, for both SCC and CC, capillary water absorption values of samples kept in moisture curing were significantly lower than that of samples stored in air curing. Additionally, it was determined that capillary water absorption values for both SCC and CC decrease with increasing strength class of concrete for both curing environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capillary%20water%20absorption" title="capillary water absorption">capillary water absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curing%20condition" title=" curing condition"> curing condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20beam" title=" reinforced concrete beam"> reinforced concrete beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-compacting%20concrete" title=" self-compacting concrete"> self-compacting concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19558/effect-of-strength-class-of-concrete-and-curing-conditions-on-capillary-water-absorption-of-self-compacting-and-conventional-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10268</span> The Management of Urban Facilities in the City of Chlef</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belakhdar%20Salah%20Brahim">Belakhdar Salah Brahim </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Urban management is a major element of social control of public space and thus the functioning of society. As such, it is a key element of a social conception of sustainable development. Also, it is a cross-cutting sector that relies on land management, infrastructure management, habitat management, management of social services, the management of economic development, etc. This study aims to study how urban management focusing on the study of problems related to urban waste management in developing countries. It appears from the study that the city management is to improve infrastructure and urban services in order to increase the city's development and improve living conditions in cities. It covers various aspects including management of urban space, economic management, administrative management, asset management or infrastructure and finally waste management. Environmental management is important because it solves the pollution problems of life and preserve resources for future generations. Changing perceptions of waste has led to the definition of new policies for integrated waste management requirements appropriate to the urban site. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title="urbanization">urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20management" title=" urban management"> urban management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20management" title=" environmental management"> environmental management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27854/the-management-of-urban-facilities-in-the-city-of-chlef" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10267</span> Studies on the Effect of Dehydration Techniques, Treatments, Packaging Material and Methods on the Quality of Buffalo Meat during Ambient Temperature Storage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tariq%20Ahmad%20Safapuri">Tariq Ahmad Safapuri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saghir%20Ahmad"> Saghir Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhana%20Allai"> Farhana Allai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect dehydration techniques (polyhouse and tray drying), different treatment (SHMP, SHMP+ salt, salt + turmeric), different packaging material (HDPE, combination film), and different packaging methods (air, vacuum, CO2 Flush) on quality of dehydrated buffalo meat during ambient temperature storage. The quality measuring parameters included physico-chemical characteristics i.e. pH, rehydration ratio, moisture content and microbiological characteristics viz total plate content. It was found that the treatment of (SHMP, SHMP + salt, salt + turmeric increased the pH. Moisture Content of dehydrated meat samples were found in between 7.20% and 5.54%.the rehydration ratio of salt+ turmeric treated sample was found to be highest and lowest for controlled meat sample. the bacterial count log TPC/g of salt + turmeric and tray dried was lowest i.e. 1.80.During ambient temperature storage ,there was no considerable change in pH of dehydrated sample till 150 days. however the moisture content of samples increased in different packaging system in different manner. The highest moisture rise was found in case of controlled meat sample HDPE/air packed while the lowest increase was reported for SHMP+ Salt treated Packed by vacuum in combination film packed sample. Rehydration ratio was found considerably affected in case of HDPE and air packed sample dehydrated in polyhouse after 150 days of ambient storage. While there was a very little change in the rehydration ratio of meat samples packed in combination film CO2 flush system. The TPC was found under safe limit even after 150 days of storage. The microbial count was found to be lowest for salt+ turmeric treated samples after 150 days of storage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ambient%20temperature" title="ambient temperature">ambient temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dehydration%20technique" title=" dehydration technique"> dehydration technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehydration%20ratio" title=" rehydration ratio"> rehydration ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SHMP%20%28sodium%20hexa%20meta%20phosphate%29" title=" SHMP (sodium hexa meta phosphate)"> SHMP (sodium hexa meta phosphate)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HDPE%20%28high%20density%20polyethelene%29" title=" HDPE (high density polyethelene) "> HDPE (high density polyethelene) </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35333/studies-on-the-effect-of-dehydration-techniques-treatments-packaging-material-and-methods-on-the-quality-of-buffalo-meat-during-ambient-temperature-storage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10266</span> A Framework for Customer Knowledge Management (CKM) as a Key Role in Relationship</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrnoosh%20Askarizadeh">Mehrnoosh Askarizadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The customer’s value has become obvious for the leading companies in today’s competitive environment. Therefore they are constantly trying to improve their relationship with customers. Customer Knowledge has been recognized as a strategic resource and a key to the success of any company. Talking about the Customer Knowledge Management is closely associated with Knowledge Management and Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Recent studies conducted in the fields of Knowledge Management (KM) and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has explained that the two approaches can have great synergies. In this paper, our aim is to provide an understanding of Customer Knowledge Management (CKM) as an integrated management approach and competence it requires. We describe CKM as an ongoing process of generating, disseminating and using customer knowledge within an organization and between an organization and its customers. In addition, we propose a comprehensive framework of CKM, the ability to integrate customer knowledge into customer relationship management processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title="e-commerce">e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20management%20%28KM%29" title=" knowledge management (KM)"> knowledge management (KM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20relationship%20management%20%28CRM%29" title=" customer relationship management (CRM)"> customer relationship management (CRM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20knowledge%20management%20%28CKM%29" title=" customer knowledge management (CKM)"> customer knowledge management (CKM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32892/a-framework-for-customer-knowledge-management-ckm-as-a-key-role-in-relationship" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32892.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">557</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10265</span> An Analysis on Fibre-Reinforced Composite Material Usage on Urban Furniture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nilgun%20Becenen">Nilgun Becenen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the structural properties of composite materials with the plastic matrix, which are used in body parts of urban furniture were investigated. Surfaces of the specimens were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM: JSM-5200, JEOL) and Climatic environmental test analyses in laboratory conditions were used to analyze the performance of the composite samples. Climate conditions were determined as follow; 3 hour working under the conditions of -10 ºC heat and 20 % moisture, Heating until 45 ºC for 4 hours, 3 hour work at 45 ºC, 3 hour work under the conditions of 45 ºC heat and 80 % moisture, Cooling at -10 ºC for 4 hours. In this cycle, the atmospheric conditions that urban furniture would be exposed to in the open air were taken into consideration. Particularly, sudden heat changes and humidity effect were investigated. The climate conditions show that performance in Low Temperatures: The endurance isn’t affected, hardness does not change, tensile, bending and impact resistance does not change, the view isn’t affected. It has a high environmental performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibre-reinforced%20material" title="fibre-reinforced material">fibre-reinforced material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20fiber" title=" glass fiber"> glass fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile%20science" title=" textile science"> textile science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20composites" title=" polymer composites"> polymer composites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83400/an-analysis-on-fibre-reinforced-composite-material-usage-on-urban-furniture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10264</span> Thin-Layer Drying Characteristics and Modelling of Instant Coffee Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apolinar%20Picado">Apolinar Picado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronald%20Sol%C3%ADs"> Ronald Solís</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Gamero"> Rafael Gamero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The thin-layer drying characteristics of instant coffee solution were investigated in a laboratory tunnel dryer. Drying experiments were carried out at three temperatures (80, 100 and 120 °C) and an air velocity of 1.2 m/s. Drying experimental data obtained are fitted to six (6) thin-layer drying models using the non-linear least squares regression analysis. The acceptability of the thin-layer drying model has been based on a value of the correlation coefficient that should be close to one, and low values for root mean square error (RMSE) and chi-square (x²). According to this evaluation, the most suitable model for describing drying process of thin-layer instant coffee solution is the Page model. Further, the effective moisture diffusivity and the activation energy were computed employing the drying experimental data. The effective moisture diffusivity values varied from 1.6133 × 10⁻⁹ to 1.6224 × 10⁻⁹ m²/s over the temperature range studied and the activation energy was estimated to be 162.62 J/mol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activation%20energy" title="activation energy">activation energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusivity" title=" diffusivity"> diffusivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instant%20coffee" title=" instant coffee"> instant coffee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin-layer%20models" title=" thin-layer models"> thin-layer models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74728/thin-layer-drying-characteristics-and-modelling-of-instant-coffee-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10263</span> The Contemporary Issues of Quality Management: Relationship between Total Quality Management and Knowledge Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrnoosh%20Askarizadeh">Mehrnoosh Askarizadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To meet the challenges of the new global environment, companies have started paying great attention towards quality management as an integral part of their strategic business plans. The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between total quality management (TQM) and knowledge management (KM). Successful total quality management implementation throughout the organizations requires major changes in the main four aspects of knowledge management, namely: Creating, storage, sharing and application. Skill, knowledge and productivity are important factors in organization’s success and have important role. Therefore, TQM management system pays special attention to it. However, knowledge as the source is essential for organization’s survival. Our study points out how the quality management and knowledge management have been incorporated into each other for the development of the quality culture within the organization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20management%20%28KM%29" title="knowledge management (KM)">knowledge management (KM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20quality%20management%20%28TQM%29" title=" total quality management (TQM)"> total quality management (TQM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20performance%20%28OP%29" title=" organizational performance (OP)"> organizational performance (OP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deming%20cycle" title=" deming cycle"> deming cycle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36694/the-contemporary-issues-of-quality-management-relationship-between-total-quality-management-and-knowledge-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36694.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10262</span> Construction and Evaluation of Soybean Thresher </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oladimeji%20Adetona%20Adeyeye">Oladimeji Adetona Adeyeye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Rotimi%20Sadiku"> Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluwaseun%20Olayinka%20Adeyeye"> Oluwaseun Olayinka Adeyeye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to resuscitate soybean production and post-harvest processing especially, in term of threshing, there is need to develop an affordable threshing machine which will reduce drudgery associated with manual soybean threshing. Soybean thresher was fabricated and evaluated at Institute of Agricultural Research and Training IAR&T Apata Ibadan. The machine component includes; hopper, threshing unit, shaker, cleaning unit and the seed outlet, all working together to achieve the main objective of threshing and cleaning. TGX1835 - 10E variety was used for evaluation because of its high resistance to pests, rust and pustules. The final moisture content of the used sample was about 15%. The sample was weighed and introduced into the machine. The parameters evaluated includes moisture content, threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, machine capacity and speed. The threshing efficiency and capacity are 74% and 65.9kg/hr respectively. All materials used were sourced locally which makes the cost of production of the machine extremely cheaper than the imported soybean thresher. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title="efficiency">efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20capacity" title=" machine capacity"> machine capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed" title=" speed"> speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soybean" title=" soybean"> soybean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshing" title=" threshing"> threshing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68036/construction-and-evaluation-of-soybean-thresher" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68036.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10261</span> Evaluation of Natural Waste Materials for Ammonia Removal in Biofilters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20F.%20Vieira">R. F. Vieira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Lopes"> D. Lopes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Baptista"> I. Baptista</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Figueiredo"> S. A. Figueiredo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20F.%20Domingues"> V. F. Domingues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Jorge"> R. Jorge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Delerue-matos"> C. Delerue-matos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20M.%20Freitas"> O. M. Freitas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Odours are generated in municipal solid wastes management plants as a result of decomposition of organic matter, especially when anaerobic degradation occurs. Information was collected about the substances and respective concentration in the surrounding atmosphere of some management plants. The main components which are associated with these unpleasant odours were identified: ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans. The first is the most common and the one that presents the highest concentrations, reaching values of 700 mg/m3. Biofiltration, which involves simultaneously biodegradation, absorption and adsorption processes, is a sustainable technology for the treatment of these odour emissions when a natural packing material is used. The packing material should ideally be cheap, durable, and allow the maximum microbiological activity and adsorption/absorption. The presence of nutrients and water is required for biodegradation processes. Adsorption and absorption are enhanced by high specific surface area, high porosity and low density. The main purpose of this work is the exploitation of natural waste materials, locally available, as packing media: heather (Erica lusitanica), chestnut bur (from Castanea sativa), peach pits (from Prunus persica) and eucalyptus bark (from Eucalyptus globulus). Preliminary batch tests of ammonia removal were performed in order to select the most interesting materials for biofiltration, which were then characterized. The following physical and chemical parameters were evaluated: density, moisture, pH, buffer and water retention capacity. The determination of equilibrium isotherms and the adjustment to Langmuir and Freundlich models was also performed. Both models can fit the experimental results. Based both in the material performance as adsorbent and in its physical and chemical characteristics, eucalyptus bark was considered the best material. It presents a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.78±0.45 mol/kg for ammonia. The results from its characterization are: 121 kg/m3 density, 9.8% moisture, pH equal to 5.7, buffer capacity of 0.370 mmol H+/kg of dry matter and water retention capacity of 1.4 g H2O/g of dry matter. The application of natural materials locally available, with little processing, in biofiltration is an economic and sustainable alternative that should be explored. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonia%20removal" title="ammonia removal">ammonia removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofiltration" title=" biofiltration"> biofiltration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20materials" title=" natural materials"> natural materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=odour%20control" title=" odour control"> odour control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24769/evaluation-of-natural-waste-materials-for-ammonia-removal-in-biofilters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10260</span> Multiscale Modelization of Multilayered Bi-Dimensional Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Hosni">I. Hosni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Bennaceur%20Farah"> L. Bennaceur Farah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Saber"> N. Saber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R%20Bennaceur"> R Bennaceur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil moisture content is a key variable in many environmental sciences. Even though it represents a small proportion of the liquid freshwater on Earth, it modulates interactions between the land surface and the atmosphere, thereby influencing climate and weather. Accurate modeling of the above processes depends on the ability to provide a proper spatial characterization of soil moisture. The measurement of soil moisture content allows assessment of soil water resources in the field of hydrology and agronomy. The second parameter in interaction with the radar signal is the geometric structure of the soil. Most traditional electromagnetic models consider natural surfaces as single scale zero mean stationary Gaussian random processes. Roughness behavior is characterized by statistical parameters like the Root Mean Square (RMS) height and the correlation length. Then, the main problem is that the agreement between experimental measurements and theoretical values is usually poor due to the large variability of the correlation function, and as a consequence, backscattering models have often failed to predict correctly backscattering. In this study, surfaces are considered as band-limited fractal random processes corresponding to a superposition of a finite number of one-dimensional Gaussian process each one having a spatial scale. Multiscale roughness is characterized by two parameters, the first one is proportional to the RMS height, and the other one is related to the fractal dimension. Soil moisture is related to the complex dielectric constant. This multiscale description has been adapted to two-dimensional profiles using the bi-dimensional wavelet transform and the Mallat algorithm to describe more correctly natural surfaces. We characterize the soil surfaces and sub-surfaces by a three layers geo-electrical model. The upper layer is described by its dielectric constant, thickness, a multiscale bi-dimensional surface roughness model by using the wavelet transform and the Mallat algorithm, and volume scattering parameters. The lower layer is divided into three fictive layers separated by an assumed plane interface. These three layers were modeled by an effective medium characterized by an apparent effective dielectric constant taking into account the presence of air pockets in the soil. We have adopted the 2D multiscale three layers small perturbations model including, firstly air pockets in the soil sub-structure, and then a vegetable canopy in the soil surface structure, that is to simulate the radar backscattering. A sensitivity analysis of backscattering coefficient dependence on multiscale roughness and new soil moisture has been performed. Later, we proposed to change the dielectric constant of the multilayer medium because it takes into account the different moisture values of each layer in the soil. A sensitivity analysis of the backscattering coefficient, including the air pockets in the volume structure with respect to the multiscale roughness parameters and the apparent dielectric constant, was carried out. Finally, we proposed to study the behavior of the backscattering coefficient of the radar on a soil having a vegetable layer in its surface structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiscale" title="multiscale">multiscale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bidimensional" title=" bidimensional"> bidimensional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelets" title=" wavelets"> wavelets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backscattering" title=" backscattering"> backscattering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilayer" title=" multilayer"> multilayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPM" title=" SPM"> SPM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pockets" title=" air pockets"> air pockets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97437/multiscale-modelization-of-multilayered-bi-dimensional-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10259</span> Groundwater Recharge Pattern in East and West Coast of India: Evidence of Dissimilar Moisture Sources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajit%20Kumar%20Behera">Ajit Kumar Behera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saranya%20P."> Saranya P.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudhir%20Kumar"> Sudhir Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishnakumar%20A"> Krishnakumar A</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stable isotope (δ¹⁸ O and δ²H) composition of groundwater of the coastal areas of Periyar and Mahanadi basins falling along East and West coast of India during North-East (NE) monsoon season have been studied. The east and west coast regions are surrounded by the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea respectively, which are considered to be the primary sources for precipitation over India. The major difference between the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea is that a number of large rivers feed the Bay of Bengal, whereas the Arabian Sea is fed by very few small rivers, resulting in enriched stable isotopic composition of the Arabian Sea than the Bay of Bengal. Previous studies have reported depleted ratios of stable isotopes during Northeast monsoon along East and West coasts due to the influence of the Bay of Bengal moisture source. The isotopic composition of groundwater of the Mahanadi delta in the east coast region varies from -6.87 ‰ to -3.40 ‰ for δ¹⁸ O and -45.42 ‰ to -22.43‰ for δ²H. However, the groundwater of the Periyar basin in the west coast has enriched stable isotope value varying from -4.3‰ to -2.5 ‰ for δ¹⁸ O and for δ²H from -23.7 to -6.4 ‰ which is a characteristic of South-West monsoon season. This suggests the groundwater system of the Mahanadi delta and the Periyar basins are influenced by dissimilar moisture sources. The δ¹⁸ O and δ² H relationship (δ²H= 6.513 δ¹⁸ O - 1.39) and d-excess value (< 10) in the east coast region indicates the influence of NE monsoon implying the quick groundwater recharge after precipitation with significant amount of evaporation. In contrast, the δ¹⁸ O and δ²H regression line (δ²H= 8.408 δ¹⁸ O + 11.71) with high d-excess value (>10) in the west coast region implies delayed recharge due to SW monsoon. The observed isotopic enrichment in west coast suggests that NE winter monsoon rainfall does not replenish groundwater quick enough to produce isotopic depletion during the season. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabian%20sea" title="Arabian sea">Arabian sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bay%20of%20Bengal" title=" bay of Bengal"> bay of Bengal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title=" groundwater"> groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monsoon" title=" monsoon"> monsoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stable%20isotope" title=" stable isotope"> stable isotope</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77283/groundwater-recharge-pattern-in-east-and-west-coast-of-india-evidence-of-dissimilar-moisture-sources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10258</span> Strategic Maintenance Management of Built Facilities in an Organisation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anita%20D.%20Adamu">Anita D. Adamu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Winston%20M.%20W.%20Shakantu"> Winston M. W. Shakantu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maintenance management is no longer a stand-alone activity. It has now assumed a strategic position in many organisations that have recognised its importance in achieving primary goals and a key aspect of effective management of facilities. This paper aims at providing an understanding of the role and function of strategic management in creating and sustaining an effective maintenance management system in an organisation. The background provides an articulated concept and principles of strategic management. The theoretical concepts paved way for a conceptual framework for which strategic management can be integrated into the maintenance management system of an organisation to improve effectiveness in the maintenance of facilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facilities" title="facilities">facilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance%20management" title=" maintenance management"> maintenance management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organisations" title=" organisations"> organisations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20management" title=" strategic management"> strategic management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40969/strategic-maintenance-management-of-built-facilities-in-an-organisation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10257</span> Enhancing the Engineering Properties of Clay by Using Mechanically Treated Rice Straw Fibers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeedullah%20J.%20Mandokhail">Saeedullah J. Mandokhail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meer%20H.%20Khan"> Meer H. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhibullah%20Kakar"> Muhibullah Kakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The studies on the mechanical behavior of randomly distributed short fiber soil composite are relatively new technique in geotechnical engineering. In this paper, mechanically treated rice straw (MTRS) fiber is used to improve the engineering properties of clay. Clay was mixed with 0 %, 0.5 %, 1 % and 2 % of MTRS fiber to analyze the effect of MTRS fiber on properties of soil. It was found that the plasticity index of soil decreases with increase in the MTRS fiber. Cohesion and angle of internal friction of soil were also found to increase with limiting increase in the amount of MTRS fiber and then decreases. The maximum dry density slightly decreases and the optimum moisture content slightly increases with increasing amount of MTRS fibers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesion" title="cohesion">cohesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20angle" title=" friction angle"> friction angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20moisture%20content" title=" optimum moisture content"> optimum moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20straw%20fiber" title=" rice straw fiber"> rice straw fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short%20fiber" title=" short fiber "> short fiber </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94258/enhancing-the-engineering-properties-of-clay-by-using-mechanically-treated-rice-straw-fibers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10256</span> Water Balance Components under Climate Change in Croatia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jelena%20Ba%C5%A1i%C4%87">Jelena Bašić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vi%C5%A1njica%20Vu%C4%8Deti%C4%87"> Višnjica Vučetić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mislav%20Ani%C4%87"> Mislav Anić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomislav%20Ba%C5%A1i%C4%87"> Tomislav Bašić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lack of precipitation combined with high temperatures causes great damage to the agriculture and economy in Croatia. Therefore, it is important to understand water circulation and balance. We decided to gain a better insight into the spatial distribution of water balance components (WBC) and their long-term changes in Croatia. WBC are precipitation (P), potential evapotranspiration (PET), actual evapotranspiration (ET), soil moisture content (S), runoff (RO), recharge (R), and soil moisture loss (L). Since measurements of the mentioned components in Croatia are very rare, the Palmer model has been applied to estimate them. We refined method by setting into the account the corrective factor to include influence effects of the wind as well as a maximum soil capacity for specific soil types. We will present one hundred years’ time series of PET and ET showing the trends at few meteorological stations and a comparison of components of two climatological periods. The meteorological data from 109 stations have been used for the spatial distribution map of the WBC of Croatia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=croatia" title="croatia">croatia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long-term%20trends" title=" long-term trends"> long-term trends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20palmer%20method" title=" the palmer method"> the palmer method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20balance%20components" title=" water balance components"> water balance components</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145346/water-balance-components-under-climate-change-in-croatia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10255</span> Geotechnical Challenges for the Use of Sand-sludge Mixtures in Covers for the Rehabilitation of Acid-Generating Mine Sites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mamert%20Mbonimpa">Mamert Mbonimpa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ousseynou%20Kanteye"> Ousseynou Kanteye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%89lys%C3%A9e%20Tshibangu%20Ngabu"> Élysée Tshibangu Ngabu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Amrou"> Rachid Amrou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkabir%20Maqsoud"> Abdelkabir Maqsoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tikou%20Belem"> Tikou Belem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The management of mine wastes (waste rocks and tailings) containing sulphide minerals such as pyrite and pyrrhotite represents the main environmental challenge for the mining industry. Indeed, acid mine drainage (AMD) can be generated when these wastes are exposed to water and air. AMD is characterized by low pH and high concentrations of heavy metals, which are toxic to plants, animals, and humans. It affects the quality of the ecosystem through water and soil pollution. Different techniques involving soil materials can be used to control AMD generation, including impermeable covers (compacted clays) and oxygen barriers. The latter group includes covers with capillary barrier effects (CCBE), a multilayered cover that include the moisture retention layer playing the role of an oxygen barrier. Once AMD is produced at a mine site, it must be treated so that the final effluent at the mine site complies with regulations and can be discharged into the environment. Active neutralization with lime is one of the treatment methods used. This treatment produces sludge that is usually stored in sedimentation ponds. Other sludge management alternatives have been examined in recent years, including sludge co-disposal with tailings or waste rocks, disposal in underground mine excavations, and storage in technical landfill sites. Considering the ability of AMD neutralization sludge to maintain an alkaline to neutral pH for decades or even centuries, due to the excess alkalinity induced by residual lime within the sludge, valorization of sludge in specific applications could be an interesting management option. If done efficiently, the reuse of sludge could free up storage ponds and thus reduce the environmental impact. It should be noted that mixtures of sludge and soils could potentially constitute usable materials in CCBE for the rehabilitation of acid-generating mine sites, while sludge alone is not suitable for this purpose. The high sludge water content (up to 300%), even after sedimentation, can, however, constitute a geotechnical challenge. Adding lime to the mixtures can reduce the water content and improve the geotechnical properties. The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of the sludge content (30, 40 and 50%) in sand-sludge mixtures (SSM) on their hydrogeotechnical properties (compaction, shrinkage behaviour, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and water retention curve). The impact of lime addition (dosages from 2% to 6%) on the moisture content, dry density after compaction and saturated hydraulic conductivity of SSM was also investigated. Results showed that sludge adding to sand significantly improves the saturated hydraulic conductivity and water retention capacity, but the shrinkage increased with sludge content. The dry density after compaction of lime-treated SSM increases with the lime dosage but remains lower than the optimal dry density of the untreated mixtures. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of lime-treated SSM after 24 hours of cure decreases by 3 orders of magnitude. Considering the hydrogeotechnical properties obtained with these mixtures, it would be possible to design CCBE whose moisture retention layer is made of SSM. Physical laboratory models confirmed the performance of such CCBE. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20waste" title="mine waste">mine waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AMD%20neutralization%20sludge" title=" AMD neutralization sludge"> AMD neutralization sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand-sludge%20mixture" title=" sand-sludge mixture"> sand-sludge mixture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogeotechnical%20properties" title=" hydrogeotechnical properties"> hydrogeotechnical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20site%20reclamation" title=" mine site reclamation"> mine site reclamation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCBE" title=" CCBE"> CCBE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185255/geotechnical-challenges-for-the-use-of-sand-sludge-mixtures-in-covers-for-the-rehabilitation-of-acid-generating-mine-sites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">53</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10254</span> Characteristics of Clayey Subgrade Soil Mixed with Cement Stabilizer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manju">Manju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Praveen%20Aggarwal"> Praveen Aggarwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Clayey soil is considered weakest subgrade soil from civil engineering point of view under moist condition. These swelling soils attract and absorb water and losses their strength. Certain inherent properties of these clayey soils need modification for their bulk use in the construction of highways/runways pavements and embankments, etc. In this paper, results of clayey subgrade modified with cement stabilizer is presented. Investigation includes evaluation of specific gravity, Atterberg’s limits, grain size distribution, maximum dry density, optimum moisture content and CBR value of the clayey soil and cement treated clayey soil. A series of proctor compaction and CBR tests (un-soaked and soaked) are carried out on clayey soil and clayey soil mixed with cement stabilizer in 2%, 4% & 6% percentages to the dry weight of soil. In CBR test, under soaked condition best results are obtained with 6% of cement. However, the difference between the CBR value by addition of 4% and 6% cement is not much. Therefore from economical consideration addition of 4% cement gives the best result after soaking period of 90 days. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clayey%20soil" title="clayey soil">clayey soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement" title=" cement"> cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20dry%20density" title=" maximum dry density"> maximum dry density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20moisture%20content" title=" optimum moisture content"> optimum moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=California%20bearing%20ratio" title=" California bearing ratio"> California bearing ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6142/characteristics-of-clayey-subgrade-soil-mixed-with-cement-stabilizer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10253</span> Effect of Different Planting Times and Mulching Materials on Seed Quality and Yield of China Aster Cultivars</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Bajad">A. A. Bajad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20P.%20Sharma"> B. P. Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20C.%20Gupta"> Y. C. Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20S.%20Dilt"> B. S. Dilt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20K.%20Gupta"> R. K. Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present investigations were carried out at the experimental farm of Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, H.P. during 2015 and 2016. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (factorial) consisting of 48 treatment combinations of four planting dates viz., D1- mid March, D2-mid April, D3-mid May and D4- mid June and two cultivars namely V1- Kamini and V2 -Poornima with six mulching materials M¬0¬- without mulch, M1- Black plastic mulch (100 µ), M2- Silver plastic mulch (100 µ), M3¬- Transparent plastic mulch (100 µ), M3-Transparent plastic mulch (100 µ), M4¬- Pine needle (100 µ) and M5- Grass (1 inch layer). Among different planting times, D4 i.e. mid June planting obtained best results for number of seed per flower (179.38), germination percent (83.92 %), electrical conductivity (0.97 ds/m), seedling length (7.93 cm), seedling dry weight (7.09 mg), seedling vigour index I (763.79), moisture content (7.83 %) and 1000 seed weight (1.94 g). However, seed yield per plant (14.30 g) was recorded to be maximum in mid of March. Among the cultivars, cv. ‘Poornima’ gave best results for number of seed per plant (187.30). However, cv. ‘Kamini’ recorded the best result for seed yield per plant (12.55), electrical conductivity (1.11 ds/m), germination percent (80.47 %), seedling length (6.39 cm), seedling dry weight (5.11 mg), seedling vigour index I (649.49), moisture content (9.28 %) and 1000 seed weight (1.70 g). Silver plastic obtained best results for number of seed per flower (170.10), seed yield per plant (15.66 g), germination percent (80.17 %), electrical conductivity (1.26 ds/m), seedling length (5.88 cm), seedling dry weight (4.46 mg), seedling vigour index I (616.78), Moisture content (9.35 %) and 100 seed weight (1.97 g). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultivars" title="cultivars">cultivars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mulch%20materials" title=" mulch materials"> mulch materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planting%20times" title=" planting times"> planting times</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flowers" title=" flowers"> flowers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89393/effect-of-different-planting-times-and-mulching-materials-on-seed-quality-and-yield-of-china-aster-cultivars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10252</span> Investigation of Steady State Infiltration Rate for Different Head Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nour%20Aljafari">Nour Aljafari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariam"> Mariam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Maani"> S. Maani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serter%20Atabay"> Serter Atabay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarig%20Ali"> Tarig Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Daker"> Said Daker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lara%20Daher"> Lara Daher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamad%20Bukhammas"> Hamad Bukhammas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Abou%20Shakra"> Mohammed Abou Shakra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims at determining the soil characteristics that influence the irrigation process of green landscapes and deciding on the optimum amount of water needed for irrigation. The laboratory experiments were conducted using the constant head methodology to determine the soil infiltration rates. The steady state infiltration rate was reached after 10 minutes of infiltration at a rate of 200 mm/hr. The effects of different water heads on infiltration rates were also investigated, and the head of 11 cm was found to be the optimum head for the test. The experimental results showed consistent infiltration results for the range between 11 cm and 15 cm. The study also involved finding the initial moisture content, which ranged between 5% and 25%, and finding the organic content, which occupied 1% to 2% of the soil. These results will be later utilized, using the water balance approach, to estimate the optimum amount of water needed for irrigation for changing weather conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infiltration%20rate" title="infiltration rate">infiltration rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grass%20type" title=" grass type"> grass type</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20content" title=" organic content"> organic content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52538/investigation-of-steady-state-infiltration-rate-for-different-head-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10251</span> Response of Different Mulch Materials on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ) Growth and Yield in Tolon District</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adu%20Micheal%20Kwaku">Adu Micheal Kwaku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamptey%20Shirley"> Lamptey Shirley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpis) is a major food grain legume in Ghana and plays a significant role in consumer diets. Drought in rain-fed crop production is known to cause substantial crop yield reduction due to their negative impacts on plant growth, physiology, and reproduction. There are various ways of reducing the effect of drought or addressing the problem of drought stress, including irrigation, breeding, and mulching. Among these three ways of reducing the effect of drought stress, the cheapest and quickest method is mulching. The broad objective of this project is to determine the influence of mulching on the performance of cowpea. The experiment was conducted at Planting for future garden located at Nyankpala Campus of the University for Development Studies (UDS), comprising five treatments (black plastic, rice hull, groundnut hull, dry grass mulch, and control). The treatments were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The result shows that black plastic mulch increased soil moisture by 1, 8, 15, and 24% compared to rice hull, groundnut hull, dry grass, and control, respectively. Increased soil moisture translated into black plastic mulch increasing grain yield by 8, 25, 39, and 46% compared to groundnut hull, rice hull, dry grass and control, respectively. However, black plastic mulch increased the cost of production, resulting in decreased net returns compared to the other treatment. This study recommends the use of rice and groundnut hull as mulching material to improve soil moisture, grain yield, and profit of smallholder cowpea farmers and also because they are almost free and available. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mulch" title="mulch">mulch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20mulch" title=" plastic mulch"> plastic mulch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cowpea" title=" cowpea"> cowpea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20response" title=" growth response"> growth response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160313/response-of-different-mulch-materials-on-cowpea-vigna-unguiculata-growth-and-yield-in-tolon-district" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10250</span> The Comparison of Safety Factor in Dry and Rainy Condition at Coal Bearing Formation. Case Study: Lahat Area South Sumatera Province, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teguh%20Nurhidayat">Teguh Nurhidayat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurhamid"> Nurhamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dicky%20Muslim"> Dicky Muslim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zufialdi%20Zakaria"> Zufialdi Zakaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irvan%20Sophian"> Irvan Sophian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the role of climate change as the factor that induces landslide. Case study is located at Lahat Regency, South Sumatera Province, Indonesia. Study area has high economic value of coal reserves (mostly subbituminous – bituminous), which is developable for open pit coal mining in the future. Seams are found in Muara Enim Formation. This formation is at south Sumatera basin which is formed at Tertiary as a result of collision between the indian plate and eurasian plate. South Sumatera basin which is a basin located in back arc basin. This study aims to unravel the relationship between slope stability with different season condition in tropical climate. Undisturbed soil samples were obtained in the field along with other geological data. Laboratory works were carried out to obtain physical and mechanical properties of soils. Methodology to analyze slope stability is bishop method. Bishop methods are used to identify safety factor of slope. Result shows that slopes in rainy season conditions are more prone to landslides than in dry season. In the dry seasons with moisture content is 22.65%, safety factor is 1.28 the slope in stable condition. If rain is approaching with moisture content increasing to 97.8%, the slope began to be critical. On wet condition groundwater levels is increased, followed by γ (unit weight), c (cohesion), and φ (angle of friction) at 18.04, 5,88 kN/m2, and 28,04°, respectively, which ultimately determines the security factor FS to be 1.01 (slope in unstable conditions). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall" title="rainfall">rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20analysis" title=" slope analysis"> slope analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslide%20prone" title=" landslide prone"> landslide prone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42778/the-comparison-of-safety-factor-in-dry-and-rainy-condition-at-coal-bearing-formation-case-study-lahat-area-south-sumatera-province-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10249</span> Design, Development and Characterization of Pioglitazone Transdermal Drug Delivery System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dwarakanadha%20Reddy%20Peram">Dwarakanadha Reddy Peram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Swarnalatha"> D. Swarnalatha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Gopinath"> C. Gopinath</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aim of this research work was to design and development characterization of Pioglitazone transdermal drug delivery system by using various polymers such as Olibanum with different concentration by solvent evaporation technique. The prepared formulations were evaluated for different physicochemical characteristics like thickness, folding endurance, drug content, percentage moisture absorption, percentage moisture loss, percentage elongation break test and weight uniformity. The diffusion studies were performed by using modified Franz diffusion cells. The result of dissolution studies shows that formulation, F3 (Olibanum with 50 mg) showed maximum release of 99.95 % in 12hrs, whereas F1 (Olibanum and EC backing membrane) showed minimum release of 93.65% in 12 hr. Based on the drug release and physicochemical values obtained the formulation F3 is considered as an optimized formulation which shows higher percentage of drug release of 99.95 % in 12 hr. The developed transdermal patches increase the therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxic effect of pioglitazone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pioglitazone" title="pioglitazone">pioglitazone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olibanum" title=" olibanum"> olibanum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transdermal%20drug%20delivery%20system" title=" transdermal drug delivery system"> transdermal drug delivery system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20release%20percantage" title=" drug release percantage"> drug release percantage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85414/design-development-and-characterization-of-pioglitazone-transdermal-drug-delivery-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10248</span> Effects of Roasting as Preservative Method on Food Value of the Runner Groundnuts, Arachis hypogaea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Y.%20Maila">M. Y. Maila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20P.%20Makhubele"> H. P. Makhubele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Roasting is one of the oldest preservation method used in foods such as nuts and seeds. It is a process by which heat is applied to dry foodstuffs without the use of oil or water as a carrier. Groundnut seeds, also known as peanuts when sun dried or roasted, are among the oldest oil crops that are mostly consumed as a snack, after roasting in many parts of South Africa. However, roasting can denature proteins, destroy amino acids, decrease nutritive value and induce undesirable chemical changes in the final product. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the effect of various roasting times on the food value of the runner groundnut seeds. A constant temperature of 160 °C and various time-intervals (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min) were used for roasting groundnut seeds in an oven. Roasted groundnut seeds were then cooled and milled to flour. The milled sundried, raw groundnuts served as reference. The proximate analysis (moisture, energy and crude fats) was performed and the results were determined using standard methods. The antioxidant content was determined using HPLC. Mineral (cobalt, chromium, silicon and iron) contents were determined by first digesting the ash of sundried and roasted seed samples in 3M Hydrochloric acid and then determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. All results were subjected to ANOVA through SAS software. Relative to the reference, roasting time significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced moisture (71%–88%), energy (74%) and crude fat (5%–64%) of the runner groundnut seeds, whereas the antioxidant content was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased (35%–72%) with increasing roasting time. Similarly, the tested mineral contents of the roasted runner groundnut seeds were also significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced at all roasting times: cobalt (21%–83%), chromium (48%–106%) and silicon (58%–77%). However, the iron content was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) unaffected. Generally, the tested runner groundnut seeds had higher food value in the raw state than in the roasted state, except for the antioxidant content. Moisture is a critical factor affecting the shelf life, texture and flavor of the final product. Loss of moisture ensures prolonged shelf life, which contribute to the stability of the roasted peanuts. Also, increased antioxidant content in roasted groundnuts is essential in other health-promoting compounds. In conclusion, the overall reduction in the proximate and mineral contents of the runner groundnuts seeds due to roasting is sufficient to suggest influences of roasting time on the food value of the final product and shelf life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20roasting" title="dry roasting">dry roasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legume" title=" legume"> legume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20source" title=" oil source"> oil source</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peanuts" title=" peanuts"> peanuts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71045/effects-of-roasting-as-preservative-method-on-food-value-of-the-runner-groundnuts-arachis-hypogaea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20management&page=5" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20management&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20management&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20management&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20management&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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