Fast-Spiking Interneurons Supply Feedforward Control of Bursting, Calcium, and Plasticity for Efficient Learning

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new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="OwS3tYwrP1xF0TcKwKoJMuxnqVT419jeu5L5Uk35IqT9GA13X57nxODmHFACL3TE"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="OwS3tYwrP1xF0TcKwKoJMuxnqVT419jeu5L5Uk35IqT9GA13X57nxODmHFACL3TE"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="OwS3tYwrP1xF0TcKwKoJMuxnqVT419jeu5L5Uk35IqT9GA13X57nxODmHFACL3TE"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="OwS3tYwrP1xF0TcKwKoJMuxnqVT419jeu5L5Uk35IqT9GA13X57nxODmHFACL3TE"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="29425490"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" 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required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 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'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" 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class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <h1 class="heading-title"> Fast-Spiking Interneurons Supply Feedforward Control of Bursting, Calcium, and Plasticity for Efficient Learning </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Scott F Owen</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Cell<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <time class="citation-year" datetime="2018">2018</time><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/29425490/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span 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Owen">Scott F Owen</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Berke+JD&cauthor_id=29425490" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Joshua D Berke">Joshua D Berke</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kreitzer+AC&cauthor_id=29425490" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Anatol C Kreitzer">Anatol C Kreitzer</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Physiology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Electronic address: anatol.kreitzer@gladstone.ucsf.edu." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3" id="short-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Physiology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Electronic address: anatol.kreitzer@gladstone.ucsf.edu.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">29425490</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC5810594&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5810594/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC5810594 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.005&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.005" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.005 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/29425490/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/29425490/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> Fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) are a prominent class of forebrain GABAergic cells implicated in two seemingly independent network functions: gain control and network plasticity. Little is known, however, about how these roles interact. Here, we use a combination of cell-type-specific ablation, optogenetics, electrophysiology, imaging, and behavior to describe a unified mechanism by which striatal FSIs control burst firing, calcium influx, and synaptic plasticity in neighboring medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs). In vivo silencing of FSIs increased bursting, calcium transients, and AMPA/NMDA ratios in MSNs. In a motor sequence task, FSI silencing increased the frequency of calcium transients but reduced the specificity with which transients aligned to individual task events. Consistent with this, ablation of FSIs disrupted the acquisition of striatum-dependent egocentric learning strategies. Together, our data support a model in which feedforward inhibition from FSIs temporally restricts MSN bursting and calcium-dependent synaptic plasticity to facilitate striatum-dependent sequence learning. </p> </div> </div> <p class="copyright" id="copyright"> Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. </p> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest"> <h2 class="title"> Conflict of interest statement </h2> <div class="statement"> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one"><bold>COMPETING FINANCIAL INTERESTS</bold></p> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">The authors have no competing financial interests to disclose.</p> </div> </div> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="figure-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/71ff/5810594/37b6a5eb6e57/nihms932891f1.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="724" data-image-height="501" data-image-alt="Figure 1" data-pmc-id="PMC5810594" data-figure-id="F1"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/71ff/5810594/7c35ba308159/nihms932891f1.gif" alt="Figure 1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="724"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="501"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1. Striatal FSIs deliver feed-forward inhibition… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1. Striatal FSIs deliver feed-forward inhibition and modulate burst firing in MSNs </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (A) Immunostaining… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 1. Striatal FSIs deliver feed-forward inhibition and modulate burst firing in MSNs </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Immunostaining of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons in striatum of PV-2A-cre mice injected with AAV-DIO-eNpHR3.0. (B) Exemplar current clamp recording from eNpHR3.0-expressing FSI confirms fast-spiking physiology in response to current step injections. Light-activation of eNpHR3.0 (amber) confirms silencing of spiking. (C) Recording configuration for optogenetic suppression of FSIs in feed-forward inhibition. (D,E) Voltage-clamp recording from MSNs isolates monosynaptic EPSC (black) and di-synaptic feed-forward IPSC (red) at different holding potentials. Optogenetically silencing FSIs defines key role in feed-forward inhibition. (N=6 mice, n=14 MSNs; paired two-tailed t-test. P>0.1 EPSC. P<0.001 IPSC). (F) Recording configuration for freely-moving <i>in vivo</i> electrophysiology. (G) Average spike waveforms from exemplar FSI and MSN. (H) Classification of cell types based on waveform and firing rate (for panels H-M, N=4 PV-eNpHR3.0 mice, n=64 MSNs, n=16 FSIs; N=2 control mice, n=25 MSNs, n=6 FSIs). (I) Raster and PSTH for exemplar FSI suppressed by eNPHR3.0. (J) Average firing rates of all putative FSIs and MSNs. Gray shading indicates mean +/− s.e.m. Statistical tests for group data summarized in Fig 2F. (K) Spike rate variability (Fano Factor, σ<sup>2</sup>/μ), is increased by FSI silencing (sign rank test P>0.8 pre-vs-light and P>0.7 light-vs-post for control; P<10<sup>−3</sup> pre-vs-light and P<10<sup>−4</sup> light-vs-post for PV-eNpHR3.0). (L) Raster and PSTH for individual spikes from exemplar MSN disinhibited by optogenetic suppression of FSIs. (M) Raster and PSTH for bursts detected in same MSN depicted in Panel L reveals greater disinhibition of spike bursts than individual spike rates. Bursts are ≥8 spikes at 20 Hz. (N) Comparison of spiking and bursting (N=5 PV-eNpHR3.0 mice and n=34 MSNs; N=2 mCherry control mice and n=10 MSNs; sign rank test P>0.05 for control; P<10<sup>−3</sup> for PV-eNpHR3.0 mice). All error bars are s.e.m. and center values are group means.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="1" data-label-slug="figure-2"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/71ff/5810594/ec946191c397/nihms932891f2.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-1" role="button" data-image-width="601" data-image-height="548" data-image-alt="Figure 2" data-pmc-id="PMC5810594" data-figure-id="F2"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-1" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/71ff/5810594/ffcedf82f2fa/nihms932891f2.gif" alt="Figure 2" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="601"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="548"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 2. Striatal FSIs control MSN calcium… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 2. Striatal FSIs control MSN calcium transient rates </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (A) Recording configuration and (B) schematic… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 2. Striatal FSIs control MSN calcium transient rates </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Recording configuration and (B) schematic of light path for head-mounted microscope enabling imaging with simultaneous optogenetic suppression of FSIs <i>in vivo</i>. (C) Calcium signals recorded in an open field. Sweeps represent successive light pulses from one exemplar MSN. (D) Raster and PSTH of calcium transients detected in the MSN recording depicted in Panel C. (E) Cell fields for control (left) and PV-eNpHR3.0 (right) mice, color-coded to reveal optogenetically driven change in calcium transient rates. (F) Electrophysiological spikes and calcium transients are both disinhibited by PV-eNpHR3.0 silencing of FSIs. (N=5 PV-eNpHR3.0 mice, n=34 MSNs for electrophysiology, sign rank test P<10<sup>−4</sup> Pre-Light, P<10<sup>−6</sup> Post-Light; N=4 PV-eNpHR3.0 mice, n=235 neurons for calcium transients, sign rank test P<10<sup>−33</sup> Pre-Light, P<10<sup>−36</sup> Post-light). Comparison of spiking and calcium transients reveals greater disinhibition of calcium, consistent with a preferential role for FSIs in controlling MSN calcium signaling (rank sum test, P<0.01). (G) Modulation index (Light On)/(Light On + Light Off) for all neurons shows disinhibition of calcium transients during eNpHR3.0 suppression of FSIs, but not in control animals. (N=4 control mice, n=400 neurons, sign rank test against 0.5, P>0.1; N=4 test mice, n=235 neurons, sign rank test against 0.5, P<10<sup>−32</sup>). (H) Calcium transient peak amplitudes are increased during FSI silencing (N=4 control mice, n=120 neurons, P>0.2 N=4 PV-eNpHR3.0 mice, n=212 neurons, P<10<sup>−9</sup>). Average transient from exemplar neuron inset with Light Off (black) and Light On (Amber). All error bars are s.e.m. and center values are group means.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="2" data-label-slug="figure-3"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/71ff/5810594/b57516aab70d/nihms932891f3.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-2" role="button" data-image-width="604" data-image-height="486" data-image-alt="Figure 3" data-pmc-id="PMC5810594" data-figure-id="F3"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-2" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/71ff/5810594/95dddad9bd1d/nihms932891f3.gif" alt="Figure 3" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="604"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="486"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 3. Neither acute nor chronic disruption… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 3. Neither acute nor chronic disruption of striatal FSIs affects motor performance </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (A) Configuration… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 3. Neither acute nor chronic disruption of striatal FSIs affects motor performance </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Configuration for optogenetic suppression of FSIs <i>in vivo</i>. (B,C) Optogenetic suppression of FSIs does not acutely affect rotations (N=9 mice per group; sign rank test P>0.1) or locomotion (N=9 mice per group, unpaired t-test P>0.5) in an open field. (D) Configuration for ablation of FSIs. (E,F) Immunostaining for parvalbumin (white) in coronal hemi-sections to quantify ablation of striatal FSIs by injection of AAV-DIO-Casp3 virus into dorsal striatum of PV-cre mice. White box in left panel is expanded in right panel. (G) Quantification of parvalbumin-expressing FSIs in dorsal striatum from control and FSI-lesioned mice (N=12 mice per group; rank sum test P<10<sup>−4</sup>). (H) Normal open field locomotion (N=10 mice per group; unpaired two-tailed t-test P>0.2), (I) normal balance beam performance (N=8 mice per group; unpaired two-tailed t-test P>0.7), and (J) unimpaired performance throughout learning on the rotarod in FSI-lesioned mice. Lighter lines are individual animals, darker lines are group averages. (N=12 mice per group, 2-way ANOVA P<sub>Trial</sub><10<sup>−10</sup>, P<sub>Group</sub>>0.5, P<sub>Interact</sub>>0.5). (K) Normal pole test time to descend in FSI-lesioned mice (N=8 mice per group; unpaired two-tailed t-test P>0.4). All error bars are s.e.m. and center values are group means.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="3" data-label-slug="figure-4"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/71ff/5810594/c5b347e786e4/nihms932891f4.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-3" role="button" data-image-width="752" data-image-height="726" data-image-alt="Figure 4" data-pmc-id="PMC5810594" data-figure-id="F4"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-3" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/71ff/5810594/8da36deb83da/nihms932891f4.gif" alt="Figure 4" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="752"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="726"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 4. FSI ablation causes increased calcium… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 4. FSI ablation causes increased calcium transient rate and elevated AMPA/NMDA ratios in neighboring… </p> </strong> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 4. FSI ablation causes increased calcium transient rate and elevated AMPA/NMDA ratios in neighboring MSNs </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Exemplar cell fields for <i>in vivo</i> calcium imaging from dorsal striatum of control and FSI-lesioned mice, colored by calcium transient rate in an open field. (B) Elevated rate of calcium transients in FSI-lesioned mice (N=4 control mice, n=164 neurons; N=3 FSI-lesioned mice, n=162 neurons; rank sum test P<10<sup>−11</sup>). (C) Acute slice recording configuration for AMPA/NMDA ratios. (D) Exemplar AMPA/NMDA currents at −75 mV and +40 mV from control and FSI-lesioned mice. (E) Group data for AMPA/NMDA ratio measurements from MSNs in control (N=5 mice, n=21 neurons) and FSI-lesioned (N=4 mice, n=20 neurons) mice showing altered plasticity after FSI lesions (rank sum test P<0.02).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="4" data-label-slug="figure-5"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/71ff/5810594/62fe0d191cf5/nihms932891f5.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-4" role="button" data-image-width="645" data-image-height="320" data-image-alt="Figure 5" data-pmc-id="PMC5810594" data-figure-id="F5"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-4" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/71ff/5810594/30bcbe327fc4/nihms932891f5.gif" alt="Figure 5" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="645"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="320"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 5. Loss of striatal FSIs impairs… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 5. Loss of striatal FSIs impairs sequence learning in naive animals but does not… </p> </strong> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 5. Loss of striatal FSIs impairs sequence learning in naive animals but does not affect performance in expert mice </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">(A) Task design for 3-port sequence task. (B,C) Ablating striatal FSIs with AAV-DIO-Casp3 reduces accuracy early but not late in learning (N=11 mice per group; two-way ANOVA P<sub>Group</sub><10<sup>−5</sup>; unpaired two-tailed t-test P<0.05 early; P>0.05 late). (D) FSI ablation does not affect motor performance (N=11 mice per group; two-way ANOVA P<sub>Group</sub>>0.05). (E) Mice were pre-trained untethered for at least 5 days, followed by 1–2 days of habituation to optical fibers before experiencing two laser stimulation sessions. (F) Optogenetically suppressing FSIs on interleaved trials in expert mice does not affect error rate (paired two-tailed t-test P>0.05), (G) efficiency (sign rank test P>0.05) or (H) motivation in sequence task (paired two-tailed t-test P>0.05; N=9 mice per group all conditions). Optogenetic silencing for full trial duration (see methods). All error bars are s.e.m. and center values are group means.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="5" data-label-slug="figure-6"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/71ff/5810594/d05b30552e3e/nihms932891f6.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-5" role="button" data-image-width="701" data-image-height="577" data-image-alt="Figure 6" data-pmc-id="PMC5810594" data-figure-id="F6"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-5" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/71ff/5810594/ae89789950ba/nihms932891f6.gif" alt="Figure 6" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="701"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="577"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 6. FSIs shape MSN ensemble calcium… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 6. FSIs shape MSN ensemble calcium signaling during sequence task </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (A,B) Calcium imaging from… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 6. FSIs shape MSN ensemble calcium signaling during sequence task </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">(A,B) Calcium imaging from exemplar MSN during sequence task reveals task event-aligned calcium transients. (C) Optogenetically silencing FSIs increases overall calcium transient rate in significantly event-aligned neurons (N=4 mice per group; n=100 control and n=119 PV-eNpHR3.0 neurons; sign rank test P>0.05 for control and P<10<sup>−17</sup> for PV-eNpHR3.0). (D) Fraction of MSNs responding to each task event, grouped by direction of initial movement relative to the recording site. (N=4 mice per group; n=36–116 neurons per mouse). (E) Same data as Panel D, grouped by movement shows most MSNs align to contralateral movement (sign rank test P<0.02). (F) Exemplar cell field colored by task-event preference. (G) Average spatial distance between cell pairs, grouped by whether neither neuron aligned to any event (No Resp.), only one aligned (One Resp.), both aligned to different events (Two Diff.), or both aligned to the same event (Two Same). (N=8 mice; n=210–4005 cell pairs per mouse, 2-way ANOVA P<sub>mouse</sub><0.02, P<sub>resp</sub>>0.8). (H,I) Recordings from two exemplar neurons reveal modulation of event-aligned transients during FSI silencing. (J) Optogenetically silencing FSIs increases event-aligned calcium transient rate in significantly event-aligned neurons (N=4 mice per group; n=100 control and n=119 PV-eNpHR3.0 neurons; sign rank test P>0.8 for control and P<10<sup>−14</sup> for PV-eNpHR3.0). (K) Silencing FSIs drives greater increase in overall calcium transient rate than event-aligned transient rate (N=4 mice per group; n=119 PV-eNpHR3.0 neurons; sign rank test to compare the ratio (Event-Aligned Modulation)/(Overall Modulation) for each neuron against the null value of 1, P<0.01). All error bars are s.e.m. and center values are group means.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="6" data-label-slug="figure-7"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/71ff/5810594/c18b2e5f7442/nihms932891f7.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-6" role="button" data-image-width="654" data-image-height="360" data-image-alt="Figure 7" data-pmc-id="PMC5810594" data-figure-id="F7"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-6" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/71ff/5810594/d4464e231285/nihms932891f7.gif" alt="Figure 7" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="654"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="360"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 7. Loss of FSIs impairs striatum-dependent… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 7. Loss of FSIs impairs striatum-dependent egocentric learning </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (A,B) FSI-lesions do not impair accuracy… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-6" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 7. Loss of FSIs impairs striatum-dependent egocentric learning </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">(A,B) FSI-lesions do not impair accuracy on training trials in egocentric-allocentric operant task (N=8 mice per group; two-way ANOVA P<sub>Group</sub> >0.9). (C,D) Probe trials initiated at different nosepokes reveal change in task strategy (N=8 mice per group; unpaired two-tailed t-test P<0.01). (E,F) FSI-lesioned mice perform equivalently at locating hidden platform in water T-maze (N=8 mice per group; two-way ANOVA P<sub>Group</sub>>0.3). Arrows indicate sessions containing probe trials. (G,H) Probe trials initiated on opposite end of the maze reveal decreased utilization of egocentric strategy (N=8 mice per group; rank sum test P<0.002). All error bars are s.e.m. and center values are group means.</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="see-all actions-bar"> <button class="show-more" aria-controls="slides-container" data-ga-category="figure" data-ga-action="show_all"> All figures (7) </button> </div>  <div class="pswp figures-dialog" id="figures-dialog" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" data-image-gallery-uid="article-figures" aria-label="Figures Dialog">  <div class="pswp__bg"></div>  <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">  <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> </div>  <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"> <div class="pswp__top-bar">  <div class="pswp__counter"></div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>   <div class="pswp__preloader"> <div class="pswp__preloader__icn"> <div class="pswp__preloader__cut"> <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap"> <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div> </div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)"> </button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)"> </button> <div class="pswp__caption"> <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-dialog-caption"> <div class="figure-caption-link-container"> <a class="figure-caption-link" href="#">See this image and copyright information in PMC</a> </div> <div class="figure-caption-center" data-expand-title="click to show full caption" data-collapse-title="click to hide full caption"> </div> <button class="figure-caption-toggle-btn" aria-label="show full caption" data-expand-text="show full caption" data-collapse-text="hide full caption">  </button> </div> </div> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/26572101/" ref="article_id=26572101&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="26572101" data-ga-label=""> Optogenetic stimulation reveals distinct modulatory properties of thalamostriatal vs corticostriatal glutamatergic inputs to fast-spiking interneurons. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Sciamanna G, Ponterio G, Mandolesi G, Bonsi P, Pisani A.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Sciamanna G, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Sci Rep. 2015 Nov 17;5:16742. doi: 10.1038/srep16742.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Sci Rep. 2015.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">26572101</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/27914882/" ref="article_id=27914882&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="27914882" data-ga-label=""> Representation of the body in the lateral striatum of the freely moving rat: Fast Spiking Interneurons respond to stimulation of individual body parts. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Kulik JM, Pawlak AP, Kalkat M, Coffey KR, West MO.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Kulik JM, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Brain Res. 2017 Feb 15;1657:101-108. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.11.033. 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